Jefferson Lab Strategic PlanningDivisional Town Meeting – December 08, 2011

Mission Statement of your Division – What is or should be the mission statement of your division?

Scope of Current Activities – What is it that your division does, what is your current scope of work?

Unique capabilities - What facilities/capabilities/expertise does your group offer that is unique, world class?

Synergy – Discuss how you think your division contributes to the missions of other parts of the lab. Can you do more?

Vision for the Future - What do you see your division contributing to/doing in the future? What could you be doing?

5 year10 year20 YearBeyond

Lost or missed opportunities - Were there expansion opportunities/synergies that you missed or that you have not been able to capitalize on? What were they, and what was the obstacle that kept you from realizing that opportunity? Are there lessons to be learned from that experience? Are there likely future opportunities in the same or similar areas?

Required New Initiatives - What research, projects or preliminaries would you need to pursue or put in place to achieve the visions above? This should include internal to the lab as well as external.

Physics Division Mission

To plan and execute the research program of a world-leading nuclear physics facility and its international user community, in order to probe the nature of the particles that comprise 99% of the mass of the visible universe and the forces between them, and to develop related technical applications for the good of mankind.

5 year Defined/Interpreted as first five years of

12-GeV operations ~ approved PAC program

plus potential possibilities at FEL,

in medical imaging, engineering, etc

10 year Defined/Interpreted as ideas/plans within the Halls for experiments anticipated in the

latter part of the approved PAC programand beyond

20 Year Defined/Interpreted as possibilities beyond 12 GeV, with Electron Ion Collider as

most likely candidate but also putting fixed- target options on the table

Beyond Not really discussed beyond a stage-II EIC

Vision for the Future

Jefferson Lab Strategic PlanningExperimental Nuclear Physics Division Town Meeting

December 08, 2011 – CEBAF Center AuditoriumAgenda

08:30 – 08:35 ChargeBob McKeown

08:35 – 08:45 (5 + 5) IntroductionRolf Ent

(Mission Statement, Scope of Current activities, Synergy)08:45 – 09:00 (10 + 5) 12-GeV Upgrade: “<5 years” scientific program

Glenn Young(Machine + Hall Equipment, Approved

Experiments)09:00 – 09:40 12-GeV Upgrade: “5-10 year” scientific program

(5 + 5) Hall A plansBob Michaels

(5 + 5) Hall B plansStepan Stepanyan

(5 + 5) Hall C plansSteve Wood

(5 + 5) Hall D plansEugene Chudakov

09:40 – 09:50 (5 + 5) FEL as a Nuclear Physics machineRoger Carlini

(High Intensity Internal and External Target Program, < 300 MeV)09:50 – 10:20 (20+10) Electron-Ion Collider

Tanja Horn(Science and Expected Parameters)

10:20 – 10:40 Coffee Break10:40 – 10:55 (10 + 5) CEBAF as a high-energy fixed target machine

Larry Cardman(Science and Expected Beam Specs @ 24 GeV

& 50+ GeV)10:55 – 11:10 (10 + 5) Unique Capabilities & Missed Opportunities

Javier Gomez(Collect and Present in Tabular Format)

11:10 – 11:40 Town meeting with (5 + 5) minute presentations(5 + 5) Hadron Beams at an EIC

Igor Strakovsky(5 + 5) Engineering Capabilities

Will Oren(5 + 5) Radiation Detector & ImagingDrew Weisenb.

11:40 – 11:50 Mission Statement – discussionHard cut-off of Town Meeting at 12:30 pm

12 GeV Science Program

• The physical origins of quark confinement (GlueX, meson & baryon spectroscopy)

• The spin and flavor structure of the proton and neutron (PDF’s, GPD’s, TMD’s…)

• The quark structure of nuclei

• Probe potential new physics through high precision tests of the Standard Model

Program Advisory Committees (PAC) 30, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38

– 2006 through 2011

– 48 experiments approved; 7 conditionally approved

– PAC39 scheduled June 2012

Exciting slate of experiments for 4 Halls planned for initial five years of operation!

12 GeV Approved Experiments by PAC Days

Hall A Hall B Hall C Hall D Total

The Hadron Spectra as Probes of QCD(GluEx & heavy baryon and meson spectroscopy)

119 120 239

The Transverse Structure of the Hadrons(elastic and transition form factors)

144 70 102 316

The Longitudinal Structure of the Hadrons(Unpolarized and polarized parton distributions)

65 120 140 325

The 3D Structure of the Hadrons(GPDs and TMDs)

289 802 108 1199

Hadrons and Cold Nuclear Matter 54 120 179 353

Low-Energy Tests of the Standard Model and Fundamental Symmetries

547 79 535

Total 1099 1231 529 199 3058

• E12-11-105 has not been included here since it is an injector test experiment• Hall B has substantial parallel running• 638 PAC days in Hall A are associated with the Moller and SOLID programs

(All approved experiments received scientific rating since last PAC)

Corresponds to about 6-year program

12 GeV Upgrade Schedule

Hall A: fabrication delayed to FY12 start; first Hall to receive beam 10/2013

Hall D: new; early access to allow for solenoid work; re-planned installation to accommodate solenoid test and maintain detector installation; beam 4/2014

Hall C: requires SOS removal; limited by funding rate; last to receive beam 10/2014, w/Hall B

Hall B: requires CLAS removal; limited by funding rate; last to receive beam 10/2014, w/ Hall C

12 GeV Upgrade Physics Instrumentation

GLUEx (Hall D): exploring origin of confinement by studying hybrid

mesons

CLAS12 (Hall B): understanding nucleon structure via generalized parton distributions

SHMS (Hall C): precision determination of

valence quark properties in nucleons and nuclei

Hall A: nucleon form factors, & future new experiments like Moller & SOLID

Items Also Needed - In-Hand or TBA

• Existing– spectrometers – HMS, both HRS– Targets (H, D, 3He, HD, …) (polarized)– Detectors – Big Bite, polarimeters, calorimeters

• Devices underway (in various stages)– Neutron detector, forward vertex, forward

tagger– Aerogel Cerenkov, TOF slats, neutron

polarimeter• Devices foreseen

– RICH for K/p (Halls B & D)– Super BigBite– SOLID, Møller, other large experiments(! This is by no means exhaustive)

• Observation: After the 12 GeV upgrade low energy beams for extended periods will for all practical purposes be unavailable at the 4 primary Halls.

• Precision PV measurements:

– Qweak proton at ultra low Q2

– Ca48 and Pb radius PV measurements– Others

• “Axion” style searches (already in pipeline):

– Dark Light Experiment– Others

• More traditional low energy fixed target expts, but with high beam currents and polarized beam.

– Pion production at threshold: chiral symmetry breaking– Initially scrounge spectrometers from “old” facilities.

Examples of Physics that Might be Done at a Modified “FEL” Accelerator Complex

FEL as a Nuclear Physics machine

Plans for fo

llow-up

JLab/MIT workshop

in September

(tentativ

e)

What Might Such an FEL Experiment Look Like?Employ ~0.5 mA of ~200 MeV Polarized e- from FEL Accelerator

• Replace the present FEL e- gun with 1mA capable polarized injector (Matt Poelker indicated it doable).

• Extract beam via a simple transport line with 3 triplets between the existing FEL

and wall, a pair after, a 4 period FODO arc (using the GW dipoles now in FEL lab 1 for LIPSS),

followed by a scaled clone of the transport into Hall C (optics by Dave Douglas).

• Build ~100’ diameter end station (similar size to Hall B) – close to main He refrigerator.

• Move existing Qweak experiment: Qtor magnet, target (already good up to ~200mA’s),

collimators, detectors, etc.

• Make necessary changes to Qweak apparatus to optimize figure-of merit.

• Add specialized parity instrumentation, polarimetry & feedback systems.

Existing FEL linac can deliver >1 mA of electrons in single pass!

Existing Qweak Apparatus

Bend for Energy Measurement

New Exp Hall

R. Carlini – 12/8/2011

Leveraging the National Lab Connection – Drew Weisenberger presentationJefferson Lab (and other national labs) provide a unique environment not found in academia and industry.

Technical resources brought together to do basic nuclear physics research (scientists/engineers/technicians: electronics, software development, data acquisition, gas systems, vacuum systems, radiation detection, optics etc...) provide opportunities for innovation. Necessity the mother of invention?

Our group’s success with applying nuclear physics detector technology to other disciplines was only possible because we are grounded in developing tools for nuclear physics research. Also goes in reverse.

The Detector Group and JLab Physics Division is in a unique situation now given our expertise in medical and biological applications using our expertise in nuclear physics detector technology (DAQ/electronics, simulations, 3D analysis, PSPMTs, scintillators, SiPMs).

The Detector Group can play a synergistic role between nuclear physics, bio physics, medical physics and more. More involvement of the division’s technical expertise in is this should be encouraged. This unique environment can be exploited more. It is good for promoting more support for basic research and it is good for society.

Vibrant and Exciting Science Program

• Base Equipment Experiments + New Installation Projects

• Early 12 GeV: APEX, PREX, A1n, DVCS …

• Tritium experiments

SBS: high luminosity + open geometry + GEM detectors extremely high Q2 reach for electromagnetic form factors significant early physics potential for Semi-Inclusive DIS part of detectors in other experiments (A1n, T/3He, …)

Two Future Large Installations MOLLER (e-e scattering) : unique window to multi-TeV scale physics complementary to high-energy physics SOLID solenoidal detector with high luminosity :

broad physics program on QCD imaging and standard model tests.

Summary: Strategic Plan for Hall A

R. Michaels, Hall A, Dec 8, 2011

Summary: Strategic Plan for Hall B• Continue with GPDs Program – DVCStt/DDVCS

• CLAS12 Target spin asymmetry AUT HDIce target• DDVCS with CLAS12 Push luminosity x10

• Backward neutron detector for CLAS12?10 < pn < 500 MeV/c? Tagged structure functionson deuteron (bound proton) and heavier nuclei (NN correlations)

• Heavy-Photon Search – fill the gaps between bump hunting and vertex-ing regions

Possible option: HPS setup, small angle largeacceptance detector at much higher luminosities(x5 10), with high resolution calorimeter and‐fewer SVT layers?

• New Fast Electronics: Front End Readout Module (FERM)higher channel density, based on ADC chips w. 2ns or 1 ns (500MHz/1GHz) sampling?allowing luminosity increase by at least a factor of 6?

Summary: Strategic Plan for Hall C• Maintain unique Hall C capabilities

• High momentum• Low cross sections• L/T separations

• Maintain ability for large installations/new facilities driven by physics• An (e,e’0) facility for L/T separations: Semi-Inclusive/exclusive• Large solid-angle detector for backward nucleons: EMC/SRC• Reinstall HKS and HES spectrometers: heavy A(e,eK+)• Calorimeter for J/ detector: N J/ scattering length

SHMS

HMS

HES e-

HKS K+

Recycled CLAS6 TOF Detectors

HMS

SHMS

p0

Summary: Strategic Plan for Hall D

Room for Cherenkov

GlueX• Beam 100 MHz/GeV: photoproduction 15 kHz/GeV, inclusive trigger 200 kHz

Trigger 200 kHz DAQ L3 farm 20 kHz tape (all gp at 8-9 GeV)Expecting to take data till 2020 to prove/rule out the exotic hybrids

Around 2018:• Add Level 3 Farm• Add Cherenkov (f detection)

• p0, h, h’ couplings, rare decays• Potential drastic improvement:

FCAL Lead Glass replaced with PbWO4 calorimeter

Proton is far more than just its up + up + down (valence) quark structure

EIC: Probing the Sea Quarks and GluonsWhy care about sea quarks and gluons

• Structure of protonR̶ Naïve quark model: proton==uud (valence quarks)

R̶ QCD: proton = uud + uu + dd + ss + …

R̶ Proton sea has a non-trivial structure and u d

• QCD and Origin of MassR̶ 99% of the proton mass/energy is due to the self-generating

gluon field

o Higgs mechanism has almost no role there

R̶ Similarity of mass between proton/neutron arises from fact that gluon dynamics are the same

o Quarks contribute almost nothing

- - -- -

EIC Summary

• Collider environment provides tremendous advantages – polarization

– Target fragmentation

• EIC is needed to completely understand nucleon structure and the role of gluons in nuclei

• EIC is a mature project– Designs ongoing at JLab and BNL

– White paper for next LRP under construction

– Accelerator R&D funds have been allocated

– Joint detector R&D projects have started

• EIC is the ultimate tool to study sea quarks and gluons– Sea quarks and gluons play a prominent role in nucleon structure

Workshop to discuss science drivers of such an idea organized by GWU at Ashburn, VAPhysics with Secondary Hadron Beams in the 21st Century (April 7th 2012)

Talks so far have discussed: • 12 GeV (extremely well understood, exciting, and happily well underway)

• A possible EIC as a follow-on (a growing science program and developing machine and experimental equipment designs; preliminary case made to the larger community)

This talk will raise the possibility of an alternate future based on a higher energy, fixed target accelerator

CEBAF as a High Energy Fixed Target Machine: An Alternate Possibility for Nuclear Physics Beyond the 12 GeV Upgrade

Possible Future Cases Explored• 24 GeV Recirculated Linac (push present tunnel to limit)

– Average current de-scoped by a factor of 2 (to 40 µA/hall max) due to 1 MW dump limit (get to 100 µA with new, higher power dump?)

– Magnet layout and types roughly the same as 12 GeV, but 24 GeV requires stronger focusing and a completely new set of magnets!

– Need 20 "C150s" and 10 C100s, and 20 C50s, yielding just over 2.5 GeV per linac pass (better than 50 total C100s)

• 50 GeV “Blue Sky Site Filler”– Same dumps w/ 1 MW limit imply 20 µA/hall maximum;

for 100 µA either develop 5 MW dump or full (or partial) energy recovery (interesting to explore possibility)

– Arcs are Theoretical Minimum Emittance (TME), Normal Conducting– Optimize shape, pass #, and cryomodule energy gain (C200s?) for lowest cost,

as done for CEBAF

22 x C150or 17 x C200400 m long

400 m radius

CEBAF @ 50 GeV:Five Passes through Three 3.33 GeV Linacs

Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department of Energy

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility

Page 23

Strategic Planning Exercise

Expected Beam Parameters

Units 6 GeV 12 GeV 24 GeV 50 GeV @ 24 GeV

50 GeV

Energy @ A, B, C GeV 6 11 24 24 50

Energy @ D GeV n/a 12 27 n/a n/a

Mode CW CW CW CW CW

Total Current µA 200 85 40(80 mA with

2 MW Dump)

20100 mA

with 5 MW Dump

(& ERL?)

20100 mA

with 5 MW Dump

(& ERL?)

Beam Power/Dump MW 1 1 1 1 1

Emittance (unnormalized,rms)

nm-rad

<1 2.7 86 1 40

Relative Energy Spread (rms)

10-3 0.025 0.2 1.1 0.4 2.2

Dilution Parameter (

% 0.5 2.4 26 10 110

Spot Size (rms) mm 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.6

Another Topic for Consideration:Positrons in CEBAF @ 12 GeV and Beyond

• The PEPPo experiment (below), which will use polarization transfer to convert an intense e- beam into a usable (nA level) e+ beam, is in preparation for commissioning during the last 6 month run and then running at the start of the 12 month shutdown

• It aims to demonstrate that state-of-the-art mA e- beams could drive mA level e+ sources, but will need continued encouragement to succeed

• Such a source could support research ranging from GPD and TPE physics (after acceleration to 12 GeV in CEBAF) to condensed matter studies (at 10-100 keV energies)

Polarization controls

Variable energy 2-7.5 MeV

Polarization measurement (1.5%)

Energy measurement (10-2)

PEPPo

Laser

Intensity controls

Physics Division Mission

• The experimental investigation of the powerful force fields believed to be responsible for quark confinement: one of the major gaps in our understanding of nature;

• The understanding of the quark and gluon structure of the proton, the neutron, and atomic nuclei at the most basic quantum level;

• The exploration of the limits of our understanding of nuclear structure and the nucleon-nucleon force at short distances;

• The search for new physics beyond the Standard Model of nuclear and particle physics; and

• The development of technical capabilities to engage cutting-edge research, and to exploit these for applications to the good of humankind.

To plan and execute the research program of a world-leading nuclear physics facility and its international user community, in order to probe the nature of the particles that comprise 99% of the mass of the visible universe and the forces between them, and to develop related technical applications for the good of mankind.

In particular, to fulfill the laboratory’s scientific mission aimed at:

Scope of Current ActivitiesManage Nuclear Physics Research at JLab by• Executing cutting edge research based on peer-reviewed,

scientifically prioritized proposals from the nuclear physics community

• Operating the “standard” experimental facilities of four large end stations with >$ 250M of installed equipment

• Developing major new experimental apparatus required to address key science, including the major instrumentation of the 12 GeV Upgrade

• Coordinating the JLab research activities of our international user community:– 1377 scientists from 259 institutions in 32 countries – Users on site outnumber staff by 3:1

• Providing leadership for long-range planning for the science program

Efforts on MEIC collider continue and progress is being made, but consideration should be given to alternatives:• A 24 GeV CEBAF-like machine in the present tunnel

It would require further upgrades to the beam acceleration system and a completely new (normal conducting) complement of magnets

• A 50 GeV fixed target machineThe CEBAF site could support such a machine, but it would be a major construction effort (of the scale of MEIC). Polarization and emittance dilution imply a completely new layout is required, and even so, special optics (or transverse injection w/ rotation at 50 GeV) may be needed to retain the polarization

• For both of these machines there are tradeoffs between beam power, dump development, cost, etc.

In addition, should we consider developing a positron source to add new physics capabilities at a relatively modest cost?