Cable Management FirestopCable Management Firestop

Jean VaillancourtFire Protection Specialist

Hilti (Canada) Corp.

FIRESTOPPING KNOWLEDGE

FOR BETTER SPECIFICATION AND DESIGN OF FIRE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

Presentation Topics and Agenda

•What is firestop and Why is it necessary •Firestop Installation ExamplesWhat is firestop and Why is it necessary

•The Fire Problem

•The Elements of Compartmentation

Firestop Installation Examples

•Hilti Firestop Products and Services

•Code Requirements

•Firestop System Testing

Penetrations

•Systems and Listings

What is Firestop?p Firestop systems, if installed correctly, will help restore the rating of a floor

or wall as it is penetrated by an object or joint and resist the spread of p y j j psmoke and fire.

It is part of the life safety plan in structures. Also included are air ducts with dampers smoke and fire alarms wired glass fire rated doors and sprinklerdampers, smoke and fire alarms, wired glass, fire rated doors, and sprinkler systems among other things.

Why is it necessary?Why is it necessary? How do people react during a fire? To give people more time to safely exit a structure, even if they don’t react

right away. Mandated by the Buildings Codes

The Fire ProblemThe Fire Problem

Objective: Understand the magnitude of the fire problem

Consequences of fires compared to other perilsother perils

Source: U.S. Fire Administration.

Consequences of fires (US - 2007)

• Direct property loss

$14.6 BillionCivilian deaths

3,430 lost their lives17,675 civilian injuries

118118 firefighters killedSource: U.S. Fire Administration.

What is the leading killer in fires?

Fire StatisticsWhy must we contain Smoke, Toxic Gases and Fire?

3/43/4 of all fire deaths are caused by smoke inhalation.

Source: Hall, Jr. John R. NFPA Fire Analysis & Research, Quincy, MA. “Burns, Toxic Gases, and other Hazards”.

Visibility: 47% of survivors caught in a fire could not see more than 12 feet.

Source: NFPA Fire Protection Handbook 18th Ed Table 1 1P Pg 1 15

Approximately 57% of people killed in fires are not in the room of the fire’s origin.

Source: NFPA Fire Protection Handbook, 18th Ed. Table 1-1P. Pg.1-15.

Smoke travels 120-420 feet per minute under fire conditions

Source: NFPA Fire Protection Handbook, 18th Ed. Table 8-1P. Pg. 8-17.

minute under fire conditions

Source: Estimate based upon ceiling jet velocity calculations for typical ceiling heights and heat release rates.

Fire StatisticsFire StatisticsKey Points to Remember

Thousands die, tens of thousands are injured, tens of billions in property loss

3/4 of all fire deaths are caused by smoke inhalation

World fire stats confirm that US and Canada have much room for improvement

The Elements of Compartmentation

Objectives: Understand the general concept of compartmentationUnderstand the different types of assemblies

We can’t rely on any single action or safeguard to keep people safesafeguard to keep people safe

The Balanced Approach to Fire Protection

One globally applied principle for fire safety:Compartmentation (fire compartments)Compartmentation (fire compartments)

The spread of fire can be restricted by dividing a building into separateThe spread of fire can be restricted by dividing a building into separatecompartments with fire-resistive walls and floors—increasing the availability of escape routes for occupants.

Fire walls Fire floors

FW FW

FF

FF

FF

FF

FF

FF

FW = Fire-Rated Wall FF = Fire Rated Floor

FWFW

FF FF

FW = Fire-Rated Wall FF = Fire Rated Floor

We talked about “What is Firestop?”… now let’s discuss “When is firestop required?”… now let s discuss When is firestop required?

any breach or gap in a fire-rated substrate requires the use of

an approved firestop system, or other code approved method,

in order to restore the integrity of the aforementioned

substrate… blank openings, “poke throughs”, pipes, cables,

etcetc.

Code RequirementsCode Requirements

Objective: Understand the key requirements related to firestopping in applicable codes

Firestopping not new:Required by all current and legacyRequired by all current and legacy

codes

Complying with code requirements

• 3.1.9.1 A)Piping, tubing, ducts, chimneys, optical fibre cables, electrical wires and cables, totally enclosed noncombustible raceways, electrical outlet boxes and other similar building services that penetrate a membrane formingsimilar building services that penetrate a membrane forming part of an assembly required to have a fire-resistance rating, or a fire separation, shall be

● Sealed by a fire stop system that, when subjected to the fire test method in CAN4-S115-M, “Standard Method of Fire Teststest method in CAN4 S115 M, Standard Method of Fire Tests of Firestop Systems” has an F rating not less than the Fire Protection Rating required for closures in the fire separation.

● Or cast in place

Code Requirements

Key Points to RememberKey Points to Remember

Firestopping is required by the Building Codes, Fire Codes, Life Safety Code d l l dand Electrical Code

All fire rated assemblies require joints and penetrations to be firestopped with tested and approved systems

The Building Code also mandates proper documentation and complete inspection

2009 IFC requires building owners to annually inspect fire-rated assemblies and make repairs if necessary

Firestop System Testing

Objectives: Understand the methodology for testing firestop systems and which labs perform itwhich labs perform itUnderstand the many variables that affect firestop performanceU d d diff b h h i d j iUnderstand differences between though-penetration and joint testing

Recognized and accredited third party test facilitiestest facilities

I t t k (OIntertek (Omega Point) Listings Underwriters

Laboratories Inc.Warnock Hersey Factory Mutual

Standards Laboratories

Tests done to Code-required Standards –ULC-S115 05

All “Nationally recognized Test Laboratories” are of equal status in regulations (code acceptance)

Each test lab publishes its own listing directory

Testing through-penetrations

Typical through-penetration applications

Ratings for through penetration firestop systems tested to CAN/ULC-S115systems tested to CAN/ULC S115

F R tiF-RatingThe duration of time in which flames do not pass through the system.

T-RatinggThe time period that the penetration firestop system, including the penetrating item, limits the maximum temperature rise to 325°F (163°C) above its initial temperature through the penetration on the non-fire side when tested in accordance with ASTM E 814accordance with ASTM E 814. Not a pass/fail criterionTo receive either rating the firestop must pass the hose stream test in US but not in Canada

Optional air leakage rating

•L-Ratingg

Measures amount of air leakage through the firestop system Tested at ambient and 400°FMeasured in CFM (cubic feet minute), the lower the number, the ), ,better

L-Ratings, infectious disease control, energy loss and sound transmissionenergy loss and sound transmission

Openings in walls and ceilings are concerns for more reasons than just k i d fismoke, toxic gases and fire…

It is important to keep in mind that areas with high L-Ratings (meaning lots of “Leakage”) will also permit the passage of… Germs and other airborne diseases Energy (air conditioning and heating) Sound Transmission L-ratings are important to consider when working in

Negative Pressure and Positive Pressure rooms Properly sealing firestop applications will not only increase lifeProperly sealing firestop applications will not only increase life

safety but positively impact the facility as a whole and those who occupy it.

Optional water leakage rating

W-Rating (optional)

Determines effectiveness of a firestop system to restrict flow of waterwater.

Tested to resist up to 3 feet of water column for 72 hours.

Fully fire-tested after water exposure - must perform as well as non water-tested assembly y

Extreme conditions after 1 hour test

Combustible penetrating items after fire testafter fire test

Factors Affecting Firestop Performance

Size and type of penetrating yp p gitem(s)

Size and shape of opening Desired fire rating (hrs) Stud width for gypsum walls Fl ll t ti Floor or wall construction

type and thickness Annular spacep Percent fill (cables) Firestop materials/products

used

Percent Fill (% fill)

The cross-sectional area ofThe cross sectional area of

an opening that is occupied

by a penetrating item(s).

Typically found in UL yp ca y ou d U

systems containing cables.

Calculating %fill

Appears to be about 2/3 full

cccccccccccccccccccc

4” hole, 85-1/4” wires

cccccccccccccccccccc

cccccc`cccccccccccccc

cccccccccc(Ao)=3.14 x (22)=12.56 in2

(Aw)=[3.14 x (.1252)] x 85= 4.17 in2

(% ) (4 17/12 56) 100 33 2%

c c c c c cc c

cccccccccc

ccccc c `` cc c ccccc

c(%f)=(4.17/12.56) x 100 = 33.2%

Actual % fillc c c c c Actual % fill

Actual % fill rates are roughly 50 60% of what they visually appear to beActual % fill rates are roughly 50-60% of what they visually appear to be

Planning for Percent Fill and Future ExpansionExpansion

When running cables it is important to consider %fillimportant to consider %fill limitations and to plan for future capacity.

Read cUL listings carefully and g ytake note of %fill requirements (many systems with non-device firestop materials allow for a maximum 45% fill)for a maximum 45% fill)

Consider using firestop devices that allow for 100% visual fill (avoid inspection issues altogether)

Install products as “blank openings” for future expansion

Understanding Firestop Systems and Listings

Objectives: Understand the difference between firestop products andObjectives: Understand the difference between firestop products and firestop systemsUnderstand the UL nomenclature to more easily select systemsyUnderstand the critical nature of matching all application parameters to published systems

UL System Nomenclature overview• F = Floors

W = Walls C = Floors or walls (Combined)

A. Concrete floors 5 inches thick or less B. Concrete floors greater than 5 inches thick C. Framed floors – Floor/Ceiling assemblies D. Steel deck construction E. Floor-ceiling assemblies consisting of concrete with membrane protection J. Concrete or masonry walls 8 inches thick or less K. Concrete walls greater than 8 inches thick L. Framed walls – gypsum wallboard assemblies M BulkheadsM. Bulkheads

The four digit number describes the penetration item(s)• 0000 - 0999 Blank openings

1000 - 1999 Metal pipe, conduit or tubing 2000 2999 N lli i d i bi2000 - 2999 Non-metallic pipe conduit or tubing 3000 - 3999 Cables4000 - 4999 Cable trays5000 - 5999 Insulated pipes 8" or less 6000 - 6999 Miscellaneous electrical (busway) 7000 - 7999 Miscellaneous mechanical7000 - 7999 Miscellaneous mechanical 8000 - 8999 Mixed penetrating items

•

Understanding UL Nomenclature: recap

UL or cUL SYSTEM #

Understanding UL Nomenclature: recap

UL or cUL SYSTEM #

C-BJ-8013

Combination wall/floorwall/floor

B=Conc. floor >= 5” thick;

MultiplePenetrants (i.e., 8)

Sequential test #

;J=Block/Conc. wall <=8” thick

Single or Bundled CableConcrete or Block WallF-rating = 2 Maximum 4” OpeningOptional max. 4” steel sleeve

Cable: Single or bundledConcrete or Block wallF-rating = 2 Maximum 4-1/2” Opening

• What is the hourly rating of any Firestop Product?Firestop Product?

ZERO

Only Firestop Systems

have ratings!have ratings!

Understanding Firestop Systems and ListingsListings

i bKey Points to Remember A fire resistance rating is only achieved when a firestopping product is A fire resistance rating is only achieved when a firestopping product is

installed exactly as tested in a system The systems have ratings, not the products

T t d t b f d i th li ti di t i bli h d b th Tested systems can be found in the listing directories published by the major accredited test labs: UL, FM, Intertek (Omega Point)

Understanding the listing nomenclature can assist in selecting a suitable t i th t ifi d t i i ht f th t fsystem, or ensuring that a specified system is right for the type of

application

Engineering JudgmentsEngineering Judgments

Objectives: Understand when and why Engineering Judgments areObjectives: Understand when and why Engineering Judgments are typically usedApply published industry guidelines to evaluate the technical merit of Engineering Judgmentsg g gKnow the code articles that relate to the use of engineering judgments

International Firestop Council Guidelines: RestrictionsGuidelines: Restrictions

Not be used in lieu of available tested systems

Be issued by qualified technical personnel

Based upon previously tested system(s)

Based upon assumption that the recommended system (EJ) would pass if tested for the required rated period of time

Be issued only for a single job location and application Be issued only for a single job, location and application

PROJECT NAMEPROJECT NAMECONTRACTOR NAMECONTRACTOR NAME

PROJECT NAMEPROJECT NAMECONTRACTOR NAMECONTRACTOR NAME

This is the number you write on the identification label

Firestop Installation ExamplesFirestop Installation Examples

Objective: Recognize penetration or joint seals with clear deficienciesUnderstand common installation errors in the fieldReview and discuss examples of good installations

Best practices•Installation Stickers aid in identification, inspection and tracking•Placed next to each penetration firestop or periodically along a joint firestop

p

p p p y g j p•Should meet FCIA and/or architectural specifications

Best practicespUL SYSTEMS

PLUMBINGELECTRICAL

• Pre-construction mock-up walls help ensure success

Firestop installation examples

Key Points to RememberKey Points to Remember

Firestop systems are often installed incorrectly when not subject to Firestop systems are often installed incorrectly when not subject to thorough inspection

Drywall mud is still commonly misused in locations where a tested firestop system is required by codesystem is required by code

Use of best practices helps ensure 100% compliant firestop systems One simple rule: all joints and penetrations in rated assemblies must be

t t d t t d/li t d tprotected per tested/listed system

Hilti Firestop Products & Services

Objective: Understand how Hilti firestop products and services can allow you to meet code requirements 100% of the timeUnderstand the different types of firestop products, to allow you to make the optimal choices for every application

Types of Fire Protection Products

Firestop SealantsFi t C ll & W Firestop Collars & Wraps Pre-formed Devices Firestop Joint Spraysp p y Putty products Firestop Blocks & Plugs Firestop Boards Firestop Foam Firestop MortarFirestop Mortar Intumescent Steel Spray Smoke & Acoustic Spray &

lSealant

Hilti offers more than just product

Over 100 Fire Protection Specialists and Field Engineers

More than 1000 highly trained Account Managers

Support staff with degrees in Fire Protection Engineering Technology

Nationwide network of independent Hilti Accredited Firestop Specialty Contractors

Engineering Judgments based on tested UL systems and the IFC Guidelines

Online Firestop Design CenterOnline Firestop Design Center

Online submittal builder (www.HiltiFirestopSubmittals.com)

Saving Lives Through Innovation and Education