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JDI’s Business and Core Display Technology
January 22, 2016
Akio Takimoto, Ph.D. Division Manager
Research and Development Center
2 Copyright © 2016 Japan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved.
• Market Trend and JDI’s Business Development
• JDI’s Core Strategy
• Technology Strategy – Core Display Technology: LTPS – Smartphones – Automotive Electronics – Reflective Displays for Wearables/Outdoor Use
Agenda
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Market Trend and JDI’s Business Development
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Size Forecasts for Target Market Growth forecasts for the entire target market
Signage Industrial Automotive electronics
Smartphones
(Trillion yen) New market
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 20200
2
4
6
Source: JDI’s estimates based on research company data
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Create 3 Business Pillars to Provide a Solid Business Base
Volume (# of sheets)
Margin
Wearables (reflective)
Smartphones
Automotive
e-POP (reflective)
Digital signage (reflective)
Year
Earn
ings
Mobile business Volatile demand
Auto business Stability
3rd business (Reflective) Business building
Signage reflective MIP displays
ESL reflective MIP displays (color)
Top: High-res HUD Bttm: Curved displays
Mobile business reaching maturity; grow auto business & nourish new 3rd pillar; move to 30% non-mobile sales ratio
4th business (OLED)
2020
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JDI’s Core Strategy
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Technology Strategy
LTPS LTPS LTPS
Backlight
OLED LCD LCD Front- plane Back- plane
Transmissive LCD
Reflective LCD
OLED
LTPS is the basis for various types of displays
LTPS
Something new
Device X
LTPS: Low Temperature Polycrystalline Silicon LCD: Liquid Crystal Display , OLED: Organic LED
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LTPS-LCD Production Capacity JDI is the lead global supplier of LTPS devices
Nomi Plant
Ishikawa Plant
Higashiura Plant
Ishikawa site
Hakusan Plant (equipment under delivery)
A B C D E F JDI
LTPS-LCD capacity as of end-FY16
470
G4.5
G3.5
G6
G5.5
Source: JDI estimates based on research firm reports.
G6
JDI produces all CMOS-LTPS.
K sheets / Months (G4.5 equiv.)
Mobara Plant
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JDI’s Technology Growth Strategy
LTPS is the core technology for JDI’s product development
Smartphones, Tablet PCs • High resolution/Low power consumption/In-cell touch • Design improvement : Mass production of sheet OLED in CY18
Automotive Electronics • High resolution/in-cell touch/curved displays/rapid response time
displays (no delays)
Reflective (Industrial devices/electronic shelf labels/signage, etc.) • Ultra low-power consumption display with MIP (Memory-in-Pixel)
Advanced LTPS technology
Curved & rapid response displays with LTPS
LTPS memory technology
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Technology Strategy
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Basic Principles of Display Technology -Pixel -Sub-pixel
Changing the brightness of each sub-pixel reproduces every color in a pixel
An image is shown with pixels arranged in a matrix Changing images numerous times each second results in picture motion.
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JDI’s core technology: LTPS LTPS is used in display panels as TFTs (Thin Film Transistors).
LTPS TFTs on glass substrate
LTPS TFTs on film substrate (For sheet display)
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LTPS and Devices
LTPS LTPS LTPS
Backlight
OLED LCD LCD Front- plane
Back- plane
Transmissive LCD
Reflective LCD OLED
LTPS is a basic technology for various devices
LTPS
Something new
Device X
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Structure of Transmissive LCD and TFT
LED
Color filter
TFT substrate
Liquid crystal
Backlight unit
Substrate
TFT TFT TFT
TFT TFT TFT
TFT TFT TFT
TFT TFT TFT
TFF TFT
TFT TFT TFT
TFT TFT
TFT TFT TFF
Display area (pixels)
Border (Drive circuit)
Drive circuit
Cross-sectional view Expanded overhead view
Display uses multiple TFTs. LTPS, one TFT solution type, is JDI’s core technology.
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Reflective LCD Structure and TFT
Reflective electrode, Memory circuit
Substrate
Liquid crystal
Polarizer
Substrate
Common electrode
Drive circuit
TFT TFT TFT
TFT TFT
TFT TFT TFT
TFT TFT
TFT TFT TFT
Substrate SRAM memory circuit
Reflective electrode
Color filter
Liquid crystal
TFT TFT TFT
TFT TFT
TFT TFT
Color filter(R/G/B) Reflected
light
Cross-sectional view
Expanded overhead
view
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OLED Structure and TFT
Substrate
Electrode, TFT
Organic light emitting layer (R/G/B)
Substrate
TFT TFT TFT TFT
TFT TFT
TFT TFT TFT
TFT TFT
TFT TFT TFT
Drive circuit
TFT TFT TFT
TFT TFT TFT TFT
TFT TFT TFT TFT
TFT TFT TFT TFT
TFT TFT TFT TFT
TFT TFT TFT TFT
TFT TFT TFT TFT
TFT TFT TFT TFT
TFT TFT TFT TFT
Cross-sectional view Expanded overhead view
Display area (pixels)
Border (drive circuit)
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Transistor Technology Comparison LTPS has higher electron mobility than other TFT technologies
1
10
100
1000 Crystal Si (Ref.)
LTPS
a-Si
Mobility, μ cm2/Vs
Technology / Architecture
CMOS
NMOS
0.1
1E-161E-151E-141E-131E-121E-111E-101E-091E-081E-071E-061E-051E-04
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15
Id (
A/μm
)
Vg (V)
LTPS
a-Si
Voltage and Electrical Current Characteristics
Mobility & Architecture
LTPS TFT functions in small sizes. TFT TFT TFT TFT TFT TFT
a-Si LTPS
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Transistor Tech. Comparison (BL Power Consumption)
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Aper
ture
rat
io (
%)
Resolution (ppi)
LTPS
5” Full-HD (443ppi)
a-Si
LTPS realizes high resolution, low power consumption
TFT TFT TFT
Pixel TFT Relative to
the area of 1 pixel,
Ratio of the area light passes through
=”Aperture ratio”
→ Since a large aperture ratio enables more use of light power consumption can be lower (or brightness enhanced).
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Transistor Tech. Comparison (Border) Bo
rder
wid
th
(mm
)
Resolution (ppi)
LTPS
5” Full-HD (443ppi)
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
200 400 600 800
a-Si
LTPS realizes narrow border
Display area
Bigger display, impres-sive design quality
Border width
LTPS enables small-size TFT & fabrication of smaller gate circuits
Narrow border
Gate circuit
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Evolution of Productivity (Mother Glass Size) G6 Glass Substrate
1500X1850mm
320 smartphone panels ■No. of transistors (FHD) 6.22mn pixels per smart- phone x 320 units = 2bn transistors ■Processing accuracy Long side of substrate : approx. 1.8m Processing accuracy : several μm Substrate accuracy = 1ppm
G5.5 1300X1500mm
G4.5 730X920mm
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JDI’s Technology Growth Strategy
LTPS is the core technology for JDI’s product development
Smartphones, Tablet PCs • High resolution/Low power consumption/In-cell touch • Design improvement : Mass production of sheet OLED in CY18
Automotive Electronics • High resolution/in-cell touch/curved displays/rapid response time
displays (no delays)
Reflective (Industrial devices/electronic shelf labels/signage, etc.) • Ultra low-power consumption display with MIP (Memory-in-Pixel)
Advanced LTPS technology
Curved & rapid response displays with LTPS
LTPS memory technology
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High Resolution ・・・ LTPS
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Resolution (Ergonomic Evaluation) Up to 800ppi recognizable(Visual range 22cm)
Sight distance (cm)
Reso
lutio
n (p
pi) Limits of pixel
detection by eye Human eye can not detect the pixels.
700ppi
800ppi
530ppi
400ppi 465ppi
350ppi
LTPS can support >800ppi displays
Y. Hisatake et.al., P-145, SID 2012)
Conditions ・Viewing distance: 25cm ・Viewing angle: normal to the display ・Subjects: 5 females and 17 males ・Luminance: 200 cd/m2 (L* = 100%)
・Character height*: Main text: 3mm (9 points) Footnotes: 2mm (6 points) *Standard text height of Japanese paperback
498 ppi403 ppi
651 ppi
326 ppi163 ppi163ppi 326ppi
403ppi 498ppi
651ppi
Making characters legible requires high resolution
22cm
cpd : cycles per degree (spatial frequency)
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Smartphone Display Trends
2012 Oct. MP start (Full-HD) Development (4K2K *1)
Display technology Transmissive IPS, LTPS TFT Screen size 5.0-inch (12.6cm) diagonal
Number of pixels 1080 x 1920 Pixel density 443 ppi Contrast ratio 1000:1 NTSC ratio 71% Luminance 500 cd/m2 Dimensions 64.3mm (W) x 118.8mm (H) x 1.4mm (D) Side border 1.2mm
Rapid evolution of display size, no. of pixels, resolution, etc.
*1 : 2160x3840 with sub pixel rendering (Image resolution based on ICDM standard) *2 : Vertical
Display technology Transmissive IPS, LTPS TFT Screen size 5.5-inch (13.9cm) diagonal
Number of pixels 2160 x 3840 *1
Pixel density 806 ppi *2 Contrast ratio 1000:1 NTSC ratio 93% Luminance 500cd/m2 Dimensions 69.8mm (W) x 128.9mm (H) x 1.9mm (D) Side border 0.9mm
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Application Product of High Resolution Technology for Smartphone
8K4K Display for professional use
Screen size 17.3 inch
Resolution format 7,680 x RGB x 4,320
Pixel density 510 ppi Luminance 250 cd/m2
Contrast ratio 2,000:1 Color gamut 70% Frame rate 120Hz
LCD drive system IPS-NEO
Specifications
Image: Courtesy of NHK
Joint development with NHK
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Low Power Consumption
・・・ Low Frequency Drive
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Advanced LTPS Low Frequency Drive
FY2015 FY2016 FY2017 FY2018
Drive frequency 60Hz 30Hz 15~5Hz
MP
Flicker (15Hz) Power ∝ f x V2
LTPS (Gen.1) advanced LTPS (Gen.2) advanced LTPS (Gen.3)
Circuit electricity
Advanced LTPS : LTPS technology which reduces current leakage
200
140
80
0
50
100
150
200
250
Gen.1 Gen.2 Gen.3
Circ
uit
pow
er
cons
umpt
ion
(mW
) WQHD
MP
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In-cell touch Technology
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Color filter substrate
TFT substrate
Liquid crystal
Polarizer
Side view Bird’s-eye view
Sensor electrodes (Tx & Rx) are formed in LCD cells and controlled by an LTPS circuit.
In-cell touch LCD
LTPS circuit Tx
Rx
Advantages: thin, high sensitivity, low cost
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Advantage of “Pixel Eyes”
TFT substrate Color filter substrate
Cover glass
Rx/Tx
Other type in-cell touch
TFT substrate Color filter sub.
Cover glass
Tx Rx
High immunity to external noise thanks to the shield layer on color filter glass.
Lower touch power in sleep mode
Touch FPC required
Vulnerable to external noise because the sensor electrodes are electrically floating.
Higher touch power in sleep mode
Touch FPC not required
“Pixel Eyes” has advantages over other in-cell touch technology & can support next-generation touch interfaces.
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Gen. 2 Gen. 3 Gen. 4
“Pixel Eyes” continues to evolve
Narrow boarder Real Black Water tracking Multi-touch Stylus pen input Brush Writing
Next generation UI Curved Frameless Low power by new driving method Edge display Hovering
Sensing function and more . . .
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OLED Technology
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LCD vs OLED Structure and Display Principles LCD OLED
Display principles
【Transmission type・voltage driving】 LCD uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystal.
【Light emission type・current driving】 Excitation formation by electron-hole recombination
Structure
Front plane Liquid crystal Organic light emitting diode Back plane TFT (LTPS) TFT (LTPS) Substrate Mainly glass Glass, film Backlight Required for transmissive LCD Unnecessary
AC
Backlight
Transparent electrode Liquid crystal
Substrate Polarizer
Cathode (transparent)
Substrate
Anode(reflective )
Organic compound (multi layer)
Light emitting +
- + -
+ -
Electron
Hole
DC
Light Light
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LCD vs OLED
LCD OLED LTPS Advanced
LTPS LTPS Advanced LTPS
Pixel density Excellent (600ppi)
Fair (350ppi)
Power consumption Fair Excellent Good Excellent
Design “Flexible” Poor (need backlight)
Excellent (Easy substrate sheeting )
Narrow Border Excellent Fair In cell touch technology Excellent Fair
(currently on cell or film method)
Reliability Excellent Fair
Cost Excellent Fair
■ LCD suitable for high pixel density; OLED suitable for flexibility ■ Advanced LTPS technology realizes low-power OLED
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Prototype OLEDs using flexible film substrate
Notebook type Bangle type With touch function
Projection type
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JDI’s Technology Growth Strategy
LTPS is the core technology for JDI’s product development
Smartphones, Tablet PCs • High resolution/Low power consumption/In-cell touch • Design improvement : Mass production of sheet OLED in CY18
Automotive Electronics • High resolution/in-cell touch/curved displays/rapid response time
displays (no delays)
Reflective (Industrial devices/electronic shelf labels/signage, etc.) • Ultra low-power consumption display with MIP (Memory-in-Pixel)
Advanced LTPS technology
Curved & rapid response displays with LTPS
LTPS memory technology
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■ A variety of display types in automobiles LCDs for Automobiles Market Trends
■ Automotive market needs for low-power consumption and narrow borders will drive the technology shift toward LTPS.
Rearview Mirror
Cluster
CID
Passenger Display Side Mirror
HUD
Side Mirror
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Curved panel technology for automobile
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Curved or non-rectangular shape automotive displays
Convex S shape Concave
Integrate in-cell gate drive circuits using LTPS technology Easier to make curved or non-rectangular shapes
LTPS S-Dr
a-Si
S-Dr S-Dr S-Dr S-Dr S-Dr S-Dr
G-Dr
G-Dr
Driver IC location only on one side → Easier to make curved or non-rectangular shapes
Non-rectangular shape
S-Dr
LTPS
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Quick response system technology for digital mirrors
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Digital Mirrors
Conventional Prototype
Image
Blurring
LC response speed 20ms 8ms
Frame frequency 60Hz 240Hz
Signal delay from camera to display
100ms 4ms
■ LTPS technology supports a higher frame frequency (60Hz → 240Hz) to eliminate blurring & increase safety
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JDI’s Technology Growth Strategy
LTPS is the core technology for JDI’s product development
Smartphones, Tablet PCs • High resolution/Low power consumption/In-cell touch • Design improvement : Mass production of sheet OLED in CY18
Automotive Electronics • High resolution/in-cell touch/curved displays/rapid response time
displays (no delays)
Reflective (Industrial devices/electronic shelf labels/signage, etc.) • Ultra low-power consumption display with MIP (Memory-in-Pixel)
Advanced LTPS technology
Curved & rapid response displays with LTPS
LTPS memory technology
43 Copyright © 2016 Japan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Transmissive LCD
Monitor video Still image
Back- light
Pow
er c
onsu
mpt
ion
Data writing
Reflective LCD
No backlight MIP
Approx. 20% Approx. Less
than 0.5%*
100%
Ultra-low power consumption Reflective LCD
Liquid crystal
Reflected light
SRAM
Reflective Pixel electrode
• Each pixel has build-in-memory (SRAM)
• Data writing to memory for each frame unnecessary as each pixel holds data.
• Uses LTPS-CMOS technology
*JDI estimates
Power consumption of reflective LCD and MIP
■ Backlight power consumption unnecessary ■ Memory in Pixel (MIP) saves more power
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Brightness: 270cd/m2
Reflective color LCD Transmissive color LCD
Outdoor Visibility (Photo)
25-inch FHD
Photos of same outdoor menu illuminated by 50,000 lux
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Reflective Color LCD Applications
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 20 30 (inch)
Wearable devices
Digital signage
25”~
Special-purpose PC monitors/readers
1.34”
0.99” 1.2” 1.39” Industrial devices
2~4”
2~3”
ESL*・POP
4”~
6~25”
*ESL: Electronic shelf label
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