JAXA’s Earth Observation Missions, Data Policy and Applications

Osamu OchiaiJapan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)

October 23rd 2020 @ Stakeholder Consultation 3: Satellite Data and WMO Data Policy

JAXA’s Satellite Development and Operation Schedule

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JFY 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

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ALOS-2/PALSAR-2

ALOS-4 (SAR)

ALOS-3 (Optical)

GPM/DPR

GCOM-W/AMSR-2Water Cycle

Precipitation

VegetationAerosol GCOM-C/SGLI

EarthCARE/CPRClouds

AMSR-3(Hosted by GOSAT-3)

GHGGOSAT/FTS

GOSAT-2/FTS-2GOSAT-3 (MOE Mission)

ALOS-4 Follow-on

ALOS-3 Follow-on

Climate Change

National SecurityDisaster

Land Monitoring

Current JAXA Earth Observation Satellites

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DPR: Dual Frequency Radar

Courtesy of NASA

Cloud/Aerosols/

Vegetation

GCOM-C

Launched: 23 December 2017

GPM

GOSAT-2

GCOM-W

Water Cycling

Precipitation

Launched: 29 October 2018

Launched: 2012 Launched: 2014

ALOS-2

Launched: 2014Land Surface(Radar)

Climate Change Disaster Risk ManagementGOSAT

Greenhouse Gases

Launched: 2009

Sharing EO data for tackling Climate Change

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Atmosphere

Land

Ocean1980 2019

Forest/Non-Forest

Arctic Sea Ice

Precipitation Greenhouse Gases

SST

Aerosols

LST

Chlorophyl-a Concentration

PhysicalOcean surface heat flux

Sea ice Sea level Sea state

Sea surface currents

Sea surface salinity

Sea surface stress

Subsurface salinity

Sea surface temperature

Subsurface currents

Subsurface temperature

BiogeochemicalInorganic carbon Transient tracers

Nitrous oxide Nutrients

Ocean colour Oxygen

Biological/ecosystemsMarine habitat properties

Plankton

Ocean

Biosphere HydrosphereAbove-ground biomass

Groundwater

Albedo Lakes

Evaporation from land

River discharge

Fire Anthroposphere

Fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR)

Anthropogenic Greenhouse gas fluxes

Land cover Anthropogenic water use

Land surface temperature Cryosphere

Leaf area index Glaciers Snow

Soil carbon Ice sheets and ice shelves

Soil moisture Permafrost

Land

Surface Upper-air Atmospheric Composition

Precipitation

Earth radiation budget

Aerosoland ozone precursors

Pressure Lightning Aerosols properties

Radiation budget

Temperature Carbon dioxide, methane & other greenhouse gases

Temperature

Water vapour

Cloud properties

Water vapour

Wind speed & direction

Ozone

Wind speed and direction

AtmosphereTotal Essential Climate Variables (ECVs)

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ECVs measured by GCOM-C&W, GPM/DPR and GOSAT

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by GCOM-C

by GCOM-W

by GOSAT,GOSAT-2

by GPM/DPR

by ALOS-2

Essential Climate Variables (ECVs)Measured by GCOM-W & C, GOSAT&GOSAT-2, GPM/DPR, and ALOS-2

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JAXA ‘s Open and Free DataSatellite/ Sensor

MOS/JERS/ADEOS/ADEOS-2/AMSR-E/TRMM

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GOSAT ○

GCOM-W and GCOM-C ○

GPM ○

ALOS AVNIR-2 (10m) ○

PALSAR (10m) ○

DSM (30m) ○

Annual Global Forest map / mosaic (25m)○

ALOS-2 Annual Global Forest map / mosaic (25m) ○

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Application in Numerical Weather Prediction

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• JMA, ECMWF and other meteorological agencies assimilate AMSR2 TBs into their global numerical weather prediction model to improve forecast accuracy. Also, JMA recently started to use AMSR2 TBs and soil moisture content in local model.

(Images provided by JMA)

Target area

Forecast without AMSR2 Forecast with AMSR2

Rainfall forecast of previous 3-hr by 21-hrforecast starting from 9Z on July 11, 2012.Rain rate over Kyushu area is improved byusing AMSR2.

Observation

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© Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) ▲

W/O DPR

With DPR

Ground Observation

GPM/DPR Improves Operational Meso-scale Numerical Weather Prediction

Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation

Global Precipitation Measurement Core satellite

Dual-Frequency PrecipitationRadar

Constellation satellites

Providing reference standard

PrecipitationRadar

MicrowaveRadiometer IR Imager

cloud motion information by IR

imager on Geostationary satellite

GPMMicrowave Imager

Multi-satellite Rainfall Product• hourly global rainfall data• 0.1x0.1deg. lat/lon• Various version such as realtime for

monitoring or long-term gauge-adjusted for climatological purposes

distribution

Quoted by JMA website

Gauge-adjusted

・website ・CSV・netCDF ・Binary・GeoTIFF ・png

©JMA

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Multi-satellites and Models

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Hourly animation of GSMaP accumulated rainfall by the Super Typhoon No.19 “HAGIBIS” from 00Z 5th

Oct. to 23Z 13th Oct., 2019

GSMaP’s Contribution to WMO SEMDPSpace-based Weather and Climate Extremes Monitoring Demo. Project

• WMO Space-based Weather and Climate Extremes Monitoring (SWCEM) Demonstration Project (SEMDP), East Asia and Western Pacific Regional Subproject initiated in 2018 (Kuleshov et al. 2019, DOI:10.5772/intechopen.85824).

• JAXA participates to this subproject with the GSMaP, and provide the GSMaP_Gauge_NRTproduct with 19yr-climate normal.

• Targets are heavy rainfall and drought from 5-days up to a month.

(mm/day)

Satellite Detected Region of Extreme Heavy Rainfall based upon percentiles

from past 19-yr data

GSMaP (v6) Gauge-NRT

Reporting gauges Case study over Indonesia on Dec2014WMO SEMDP Kinck-

off Workshop, Jan. 2018, BMKG, Jakarta, Indonesia

WMO SEMDP Workshop, Nov. 2018, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

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Precipitation extremes monitoring using the near-real-time GSMaP

The result of the left panel was reported in Japanese TV News because we provided information shortly since disasters occurred, based upon the statistical product in operational processing.

Extreme heavy rainfall area above 90th percentile for weekly precipitation (July 1-7, 2020).

12https://sharaku.eorc.jaxa.jp/GSMaP_CLM/index.htm

https://sharaku.eorc.jaxa.jp/GSMaP_CLM/index.htm

Simulation of river discharge by 1-km resolution land surface/floodplain model (Today’s Earth - Japan)Flooding of Chikuma river was forecasted by the model.

Capturing the Damages Caused by the Typhoon by ALOS-2 and GCOM-C

Sediment discharges/suspended solids along the coast detected by GCOM-C/SGLI at 1:53Z on 13 Oct. 2019.

250m res., RGB composite

13https://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/water/

Flooding area around Chikuma river detected by ALOS-2/PALSAR at 2:56Z on 13 Oct. 2019.

Flooding area

Broken bank

3m res., HH pol.

Aerosol Monitoring and Forecasts

Jeju Island (altitude:1950m)(blocks the aerosol)

• The high and nearly continuous AOT over land and ocean are estimated from Himawari-8/AHI

• Transports of aerosols are captured by utilizing frequent (10-min) observations by AHI

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JAXA’s Open and Free EO Data and ServicesPortal Name and URLG-PortalProvides products of GPM, GCOM-W, GCOM-C, GOSAT, and Past Satellites and Sensors (MOS-1/1b, JERS-1, ADEOS, ADEOS-II, Aqua/AMSR-E, TRMM/PR) https://gportal.jaxa.jp/gpr/ (Contacts : z-gportal-support@ml.jaxa.jp)

GSMaP: Global Satellite Mapping of PrecipitationProvides hourly Global Rainfall Map in Near-Real-Time (GSMaP_NRT), available four hours after observation. (GPM-Core GMI, TRMM TMI, GCOM-W1 AMSR2, DMSP series SSMIS, NOAA series AMSU, MetOp series AMSU, and Geostationary IR)https://sharaku.eorc.jaxa.jp/GSMaP/(Contacts : z-trmm_real@ml.jaxa.jp)

JAXA Himawari Monitor Provides multi-satellite products from the Himawari Standard Data provided by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) as well as the geophysical parameter data (Aerosol Optical Thickness, Sea Surface Temperature, Short Wave Radiation, Chlorophyll-a, Wild Fire, Photovoltaic Power, Cloud Optical Thickness and Cloud Type) produced by JAXA. https://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/ptree/(Contacts : z-ptree@ml.jaxa.jp)

GDAS: GOSAT Data Archive Service (Operated by National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES))Provides GOSAT products (Methane and CO2). https://data2.gosat.nies.go.jp/index_en.html(Contacts: gosat-support@nies.go.jp)

JAXA for EarthJAXA’s Earth Observation data and research at glance.http://earth.jaxa.jp/en.html

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http://earth.jaxa.jp/en.html

Images of the Earth about 340,000 km from the center of the Earth took by the Hayabusa2 after the swing-by on December 4, 2015.

Australian continent on the upper right, and Antarctica on the lower right.

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For Our Sustainable Future

Thank you for your attention.

JAXA’s Earth Observation Missions, Data Policy and ApplicationsJAXA’s Satellite Development and Operation Schedule Current JAXA Earth Observation SatellitesSharing EO data for tackling Climate ChangeEssential Climate Variables (ECVs)�Measured by GCOM-W & C, GOSAT&GOSAT-2, GPM/DPR, and ALOS-2JAXA ‘s Open and Free DataApplication in Numerical Weather PredictionSlide Number 8Global Satellite Mapping of PrecipitationMulti-satellites and ModelsGSMaP’s Contribution to WMO SEMDP�Space-based Weather and Climate Extremes Monitoring Demo. ProjectPrecipitation extremes monitoring using the near-real-time GSMaP Capturing the Damages Caused by �the Typhoon by ALOS-2 and GCOM-CAerosol Monitoring and ForecastsJAXA’s Open and Free EO Data and ServicesSlide Number 16