Communication Between

Android Application

Components

Aleksandar Ilić

March 20, 2014

@aleksandar_ilic

linkedin.com/in/ailic

How to be flexible?

Encapsulate atomic portions

of application’s user interface

or behavior.

Fragments

What is a Fragment?

res/layout/contacts_activity.xml <FrameLayout> <fragment android:name="rs.pstech.android.ContactsList“ android:id="@+id/contacts_list" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent“ /> </FrameLayout>

res/layout-sw800dp/contacts_activity.xml <LinearLayout> <fragment android:name="rs.pstech.android.ContactsList“ android:id="@+id/contacts_list" android:layout_weight="0.30" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_height="match_parent“ /> <fragment android:name="rs.pstech.android.ContactDetail“ android:id="@+id/contact_details"

android:layout_weight="0.70" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_height="match_parent“ /> </LinearLayout>

Fragments creation

Fragments creation

public class ContactsList extends ListFragment {

/** Key to find the data uri in a bundle. */ private static String ARG_DATA_URI = "ArgDataUri"; private Uri mDataUri;

public ContactsList() { // Do NOT use constructors }

public static ContactsList newInstance(Uri uri) { Bundle args = new Bundle(); args.putParcelable(ARG_DATA_URI, uri); ContactsList fragment = new ContactsList(); fragment.setArgments(args); return fragment; }

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); mDataUri = getArguments().getParcelable(ARG_DATA_URI); } }

Fragments creation

Communication with activities

public class ContactsList extends ListFragment implements AdapterView.OnItemClickListener {

// Container Activity must implement this interface public interface OnContactsActionListener { void onViewContactAction(Uri contactUri); }

private OnContactsActionListener mCallback;

@Override public void onAttach(Activity activity) { super.onAttach(context); try { mCallback = (OnContactsActionListener) activity; } catch (ClassCastException e) { throw new ClassCastException(activity.toString() + " must implement OnContactsActionListener"); } }

}

Communication with activities

public class ContactsActivity extends FragmentActivity implements OnContactsActionListener { ::: @Override public void onViewContactAction(Uri contactUri) { ContactDetail contactDetailFragment = (ContactDetail) getFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.contact_detail); if (contactDetailFragment != null) { // If contact detail is available we are in two-pane layout // Update contact detail’s data contactDetailsFragment.loadData(contactUri); } else { // Otherwise we are in one-pane layout // Start activity to view the contact startActivity(new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, contactUri)); } } }

Communication with activities

Communication with fragments

Communication with fragments

public class BackupAccountDialog extends DialogFragment {

public interface OnAccountSelectedListener { void onAccountSelected(Account account); } public OnAccountSelectedListener mCallback;

@Override public void onAttach(Activity activity) { super.onAttach(activity); if (getTargetFragment() instanceof OnAccountSelectedListener) { mCallback = (OnAccountSelectedListener) getTargetFragment(); } else if (getParentFragment() instanceof OnAccountSelectedListener) { mCallback = (OnAccountSelectedListener) getParentFragment(); } else { if (activity instanceof OnAccountSelectedListener) { mCallback = (OnAccountSelectedListener) activity; } else { throw new RuntimeExcpetion("What now?"); } } } }

Communication with fragments

public class ContactsList extends Fragment implements OnAccountSelectedListener { ::: private void showSelectBackupAccount() { BackupAccountDialog dialog = BackupAccountDialog.newInstance(); dialog.setTargetFragment(this, 0); dialog.show(getFragmentManager(), "selectBackupAccountDialog"); } @Override public void onAccountSelected(Account account) { // Do something when account is selected } }

Communication with fragments

How to be smooth?

Offload long-running operations

from Main UI thread.

Threads

Main Thread

• In charge of dispatching events (incl. drawing events)

to user interface widgets.

Main Thread

• In charge of dispatching events (incl. drawing events)

to user interface widgets.

• All components that run in the same process are

instantiated in the Main (UI) thread.

Main Thread

• In charge of dispatching events (incl. drawing events)

to user interface widgets.

• All components that run in the same process are

instantiated in the Main (UI) thread.

• Android UI toolkit (components from the android.widget

and android.view packages) is not thread-safe.

Main Thread Rules

Do not block the Main thread.

Do not access the Android toolkit

from outside the Main thread.

Accessing Main Thread

• Activity.runOnUiThread(Runnable)

• View.post(Runnable)

• View.postDelayed(Runnable, long)

public void onClick(View v) { @Override new Thread(new Runnable() { public void run() { final Bitmap bitmap = downloadImage("http://pstech.rs/logo.png"); mImageView.post(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { mImageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap); } }); } }).start(); }

Worker Thread - Example

Handlers

What is an Async Task?

• Designed to be helper class around Thread and Handler.

What is an Async Task?

• Designed to be helper class around Thread and Handler.

• Ideally to be used for short operations (a few seconds at

the most).

What is an Async Task?

• Designed to be helper class around Thread and Handler.

• Ideally to be used for short operations (a few seconds at

the most).

• Defined by 3 generic types: Params, Progress and

Result and 4 steps: onPreExecute, doInBackground,

onProgressUpdate and onPostExecute.

Async Task – Handling configuration changes

Async Task – Handling configuration changes

Services

What is not a Service?

Why Service?

• A service can run in the background to perform work

even while the user is in a different application.

Why Service?

• A service can run in the background to perform work

even while the user is in a different application.

• A service can allow other components to bind to it, in

order to interact with it and perform interprocess

communication.

Intent Service

public class ContactEditorActivity extends FragmentActivity { ::: private void saveContact() { Intent saveAction = ContactSaveService.createSaveContactIntent(…); startService(saveAction); } ::: }

IntentService usage

public class ContactSaveService extends IntentService {

private static final String ACTION_SAVE_CONTACT = "saveContact"; private static final String ACTION_DELETE_CONTACT = "deleteContact";

@Override protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) { String action = intent.getAction(); if (ACTION_SAVE_CONTACT.equals(action)) { doSaveContact(intent); } else if (ACTION_DELETE_CONTACT.equals(action) { doDeleteContact(intent); } }

public static Intent createSaveContactIntent(Context context, …) { Intent serviceIntent = new Intent(context, ContactSaveService.class); serviceIntent.putExtra(…, …); return serviceIntent; }

::: }

IntentService creation

What about callbacks?

What about callbacks?

Result Receiver

Broadcast Receiver

What is a Result Receiver?

• Generic interface for receiving a callback result from

someone.

public class ContactEditorActivity extends FragmentActivity { ::: private void saveContact() { Intent saveAction = ContactSaveService.createSaveContactIntent( getActivity(), mOnSaveContactCallback, …); startService(saveAction); } ResultReceiver mOnSaveContactCallback = new ResultReceiver(mHandler) { @Override protected void onReceiveResult(int resultCode, Bundle resultData) { // Do something when contact is saved. // On a thread associated with given mHandler. } }; ::: }

Result Receiver – Client side

public class ContactSaveService extends IntentService {

private static final String EXTRA_CALLBACK = "extraCallback";

public static Intent createSaveContactIntent(Context context, ResultReceiver resultReceiver, …) { Intent serviceIntent = new Intent(context, ContactSaveService.class); serviceIntent.putExtra(EXTRA_CALLBACK, resultReceiver); serviceIntent.putExtra(…, …); return serviceIntent; } private void doSaveContact(Intent intent) { ::: int resultCode = 0; Bundle resultData = new Bundle(); // Result for the listener ResultReceiver callback = intent.getParcelable(EXTRA_CALLBACK); callback.send(resultCode, resultData); } }

Result Receiver – Service side

What is a Broadcast Receiver?

sendBroadcast() onReceive()

Broadcast Receiver - Lifecycles

Local Broadcast Manager

• Helper to register for and send broadcasts of Intents to

local objects within your process.

Local Broadcast Manager

• Helper to register for and send broadcasts of Intents to

local objects within your process.

Private Secure

Efficient

Broadcast Receiver – Client side

public class ContactEditorActivity extends FragmentActivity {

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { LocalBroadcastManager mLocalBroadcastManager = LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this); IntentFilter mContactSavedIntentFilter = new IntentFilter(Constants.BROADCAST_CONTACT_SAVED); mLocalBrodcastManager.registerReceiver( mContactSavedReceiver, mContactSavedIntentFilter); }

protected void onDestroy() { mLocalBrodcastManager.unregisterReceiver(mContactSavedReceiver); }

BroadcastReceiver mContactSavedReciver = new BroadcastReceiver() { @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { // Do something when contact is saved. } }; }

Broadcast Receiver – Service side

public class ContactSaveService extends IntentService {

public static Intent createSaveContactIntent(Context context, …) { Intent serviceIntent = new Intent(context, ContactSaveService.class); serviceIntent.putExtra(…, …); return serviceIntent; } private void doSaveContact(Intent intent) { ::: Intent localIntent = new Intent(Constants.BROADCAST_CONTACT_SAVED); localIntent.putExtra(…, …); // Broadcasts the Intent to receivers in this app. LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this).sendBroadcast(localIntent); } }

How to be up to date?

Loaders are your friends when

performing asynchronous

loading of data.

Loaders

What are Loaders?

API

LoaderManager LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks

Loader AsyncTaskLoader CursorLoader

Why Loaders?

• They are available to every Activity and Fragment.

Why Loaders?

• They are available to every Activity and Fragment.

• They provide asynchronous loading of data.

Why Loaders?

• They are available to every Activity and Fragment.

• They provide asynchronous loading of data.

• They monitor the source of their data and deliver new

results when the content changes.

Why Loaders?

• They are available to every Activity and Fragment.

• They provide asynchronous loading of data.

• They monitor the source of their data and deliver new

results when the content changes.

• They automatically reconnect to the last loader's cursor

when being recreated after a configuration change.

Thus, they don't need to re-query their data.

Using Cursor Loader

public class ContactsList extends ListFragment implements LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks<Cursor> {

:::

@Override public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState); // Initializes the loader. It will use the existing one or // create and start a new one. getLoaderManager().initLoader(ID, null /*bundle*/, this /*callbacks*/); } private void setDataUri(Uri dataUri) { mDataUri = dataUri; // Assuming they are not equal getLoaderManager().restartLoader(ID, null, this); } :::

Using Cursor Loader

:::

@Override public Loader<Cursor> onCreateLoader(int id, Bundle args) { return new CursorLoader(getActivity(), mDataUri, CONTACTS_PROJECITON, null /*selection*/, null /*selArgs*/, Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME); }

@Override public void onLoadFinished(Loader<Cursor> loader, Cursor data) { // Swap the new cursor in. The framework will close the old cursor. mAdapter.swapCursor(data); }

@Override public void onLoaderReset(Loader<Cursor> loader) { // Last cursor is about to be closed. We have to stop using it. mAdapter.swapCursor(null); } }

• Volite Javu?

• Fokusirani ste na visok kvalitet

koda i optimizaciju performansi?

• Zainteresovani ste za prelazak

na Mobile razvoj?

bit.ly/Java2Android Java2Android

Thank You!

@aleksandar_ilic

linkedin.com/in/ailic

ailic89@gmail.com