jarred morales and cody beckemeyer advisior: dr. junkun ma et 483
TRANSCRIPT
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Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Project
Jarred Morales and Cody BeckemeyerAdvisior: Dr. Junkun Ma
ET 483
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IntroductionWith a constant increase in energy usage in
this world an alternative method of generating power other than fossil fuel is needed
Wind turbines use the kinetic energy of the wind and convert it to mechanical energy
Vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) are easy to be installed and are easy to be used by individuals
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Trailing Edge Flap
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Comparison to HAWT VAWT can be placed independently of wind
direction, perfect for places that the wind changes daily
Gearbox and generator are able to be placed near the ground, so they are easier to be maintained than HAWT
VAWT have lower rotational speed and lower tip speed ratio therefore higher torque is involved
HAWT have higher tip speed ratio and coefficient of performance Cp, but have lower torque
VAWT have either low or insignificant starting torque so the rotor must be brought up to speed by either a small generator as a motor or a small secondary rotor
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NACA0012 Airfoil
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Top ViewIndividual pitching of
each blade Flaps can be regulatedUsing camber and pitch
controls or local actuators helps create a greater force differential across the turbine
This also allows operation over wide range of wind speeds and improves tolerance to wind variation
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Angle of Attack α- It is the angle between the chord line of the
blade and the relative wind or the direction of the air flow
-changes due to the variation of the relative velocity
- both the speed of the blade and the speed of the wind affect this angle
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Angle of Attack
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Equal pressure distribution
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Lift and Drag- The induced velocity (Vi) and the rotating velocity ωr
of the blade determine the orientation and magnitude of the relative velocity
- This changes the Lift(L) and drag forces(D)- D acts in the direction of W and the lift acts
perpendicular to W - As both the magnitude and orientation change the
resultant force Fr changes- The resultant force is composed of both normal
component Fn and tangential component Ft- Ft drives the rotation of the wind turbine and
produces the torque
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Lift and Drag coefficients
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Tip speed ratio (TSR)λ = ΩR/Vwind, where R is the radius of the
blades, Vwind is the wind velocity , and Ω is the angular velocity
λ is greater than 1 means that the blades can travel faster than the speed of the wind
Maximum power extraction can be found by finding the time taken to reestablish the disturbed wind for the next blade to move into location of the preceding blade
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optimal rotational frequencyTs= 2(π)/n(ω)Tw=s/vΩ is the rotational frequency of the rotorS- length of the disturbed windN-number of blades V-wind speed ts > tw, some wind is unaffected. If tw > ts,
some wind is not allowed to flow through the rotor. The maximum power extraction occurs when the two times are approximately equal
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Attack angle at 15˚