Japan in WWII

Areas Controlled by Japan during WWII

• Several regions in China - 1938 - 1945

• French Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos) - July 15, 1940 - August 29, 1945

• Hong Kong (UK) - December 12, 1940 - August 15, 1945

• Thailand- as an 'allied' state although induced - December 8, 1941 -August 15, 1941

• British New Guinea - December 27, 1941 - September 15, 1945

• Philippines (USA) - January 2, 1942 - November 27, 1944

• Guam (USA) - January 6, 1942 - October 24, 1945

• Dutch East Indies - January 18, 1942 - October 21, 1945

• Portuguese Timor - February 19, 1942 - September 2, 1945

• Malaya (UK)- March 27, 1942 - September 6, 1945

• Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India) - March 29, 1942 - September 9, 1945

• Straits Settlements (Singapore) - March 29, 1942 - September 9, 1945

• Kingdom of Sarawak (UK) - March 29, 1942 - September 9, 1945

• Brunei (UK) - March 29, 1942 - September 9, 1945

• North Borneo (UK) - March 29, 1942 - September 9, 1945

• Nauru - August 26, 1942 - September 13, 1945

• Imphal (India) - November 4, 1942 - August 15, 1945

• Wake Island (USA) - December 27, 1942 - January 18, 1944

• Gilbert and Ellice Islands (UK) - February 22, 1943 - January 22, 1944

• Christmas island (Australia) - May 5, 1943 - January 25, 1944

• Attu and Kiska Islands (Alaska) - June 6, 1943 - September 27, 1943

Areas Attacked but Not Conquered• Air raids on Australia:

• Broome (Western Australia)• Darwin (Northern Territory, Australia)• Newcastle (New South Wales, Australia)• Sydney (New South Wales, Australia)

• British Columbia (Canada)

• Kohima and Manipur (India)

• Colombo and Trincomalee (Sri Lanka)

• Dornod (Khalkhin Gol, Mongolia)

• United States • Santa Barbara (California)• Pearl Harbor (Hawaii)• Midway Atoll• Fort Stevens (Oregon)

Japan in the 1920’s

• Joined the League of Nations

• Signed the 4, 5 and 9 Power Pacts• 4 Power Pact-US, GB, France and Japan would respect each

other’s possessions in the Pacific• 5 Power Pact-US, GB, France, Italy and Japan would limit naval

size• 9 Power Pact-US, GB, France, Italy, Japan, Belgium, Netherlands,

Portugal and China agree to the Open Door Policy and guarantee Chinese independence

• Signed the Kellogg-Briand Pact

Japanese Invasion of Manchuria-1931

Japanese Invasion of Manchuria

• The League of Nations condemned the action but could not enforce its authority as it had not military force

• The message sent to aggressive countries was that a major power could get away with using force because Great Britain and France did not want war

• Japan dropped out of the League of Nations shortly after invastion

China Incident-July 1937

Rape of Nanking-Late 1937-Early 1938

• A mass killing of Chinese people(up to 300,000)

• Mass raping of Chinese women and girls

• Mass looting and arson

• Some in Japan have denied that the military killed civilians for no reason

• Still causes tension between the two countries today

• There were war crimes trial after the war to try Japanese soldiers for participation

Quarantine Speech-1937

Panay Incident-December 1937

• American gunboat attacked on river in China by Japan

• 3 US troops killed, 45 wounded

• Japan said it was an accident, apologized and paid US $$

• Worsened US-Japanese relations

Tripartite Pact is signed forming Axis Powers-1940

Axis Powers

• Main Powers: Germany, Italy Japan

• Other Powers: Albania, Bulgaria, Finland, Romania, Thailand, Hungary

The Road to Pearl Harbor

Japanese Leaders• Hideki Tojo • Emperor Hirohito

Admiral Yamamoto

Basics of Pearl Harbor Attack* Date: December 7, 1941-Sunday-7:40 AM and 8:50 AM

* Location: Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Territory

* War Results: 1.) Japanese major victory 2.) U.S. Declaration of War on Japan 3.) Germany and Italy Declare War on the U.S. (Tripartite

Pact) 4.) U.S. Declares War on Germany and Italy

* Battle Results: 1.) All eight U.S. Navy battleships were damaged, with four being sunk 2.) Three cruisers, three destroyers, an anti-aircraft ship and one minelayer ship were sank or damaged 3.) 188 U.S. aircraft were destroyed (Pacific Fleet)

* Deaths/Casualties: 1.) 2,402 killed 2.) 1,282 wounded

Pearl Harbor-December 7, 1941

Pearl Harbor

USS Arizona Memorial

• The names of the Arizona’s dead are engraved on this white marble wall at the memorial.

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Pearl Harbor Propaganda

Remember Pearl Harbor

• This was one of the most patriotic songs during World War II

• It was played at family and religious gatherings throughout the country

Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?

• After Japan invaded French Indochina in 1940, US stopped trading with Japan

• Japan signed the Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact in April, 1941 guaranteeing that Japan and USSR would not go to war

• Japan realized they needed US trade to be successful in war

• Only way to force US’ hand was to hit them hard in a surprise attack forcing them out of the war

• Japan knew that this plan was a huge risk, but thought it was the only way to defeat US

• Plan backfired. Instead, Japan “awoke a sleeping giant”.

Backdoor to War Conspiracy

• Discuss

December 8, 1941

FDR’s War Speech

• FDR’s War Speech

FDR’s War Message

• Pearl Harbor was not the only area Japan attacked on December 7

• “Yesterday the Japanese Government also launched an attack against Malaya.”

• “Last night Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong.”

• “Last night Japanese forces attacked Guam.”

• “Last night Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands.”

• “Last night the Japanese attacked Wake Island.”

• “This morning the Japanese attacked Midway Island.”

December 7, 1941-Philippines

Bataan Death March

Bataan Death March-Philippines-1942

• Up 10,000 Filipino and 650 American POW’s died during march

Doolittle’s Raid-April, 1942

Battle of Coral Sea-First Turning Point in Pacific

Battle of Midway-June 1942-Major Turning Point in Pacific

Guadalcanal-August,1942-February, 1943

Kamikazes

Battle of Leyte Gulf-Philippines

MacArthur’s Return to the Philippines

Iwo Jima-February-March, 1945

6,821 US Deaths at Iwo Jima

Raising Flag on Mt. Suribachi

Battle of Okinawa-April-June, 1945

Summer 1945-Preparing for the Invasion of Japan

• Operation Downfall

• Planned for October 1945

• Estimated to have over 1 million casualties

• Estimated to have 267,000 deaths

• Why did this never take place?

The Manhattan Project

•1939-1945

Trinity Test-July 16, 1945

Enola Gay

Paul Tibbits

Hiroshima Bombing

• “Little Boy”

Before

After

The Atomic Shadow

Radiation Sickness

Nagasaki Bombing

• “Fat Man”

• Bockscar

Before

After

VJ Day

• August 14/15, 1945(Official UK)

• September 2, 1945(Official for US)

• When Japan officially signed on USS Missouri

Potsdam Conference-July, 1945

• On July 26, the United States, Great Britain, and China issued the Potsdam Declaration

• Announced the terms for Japan's surrender

• "We will not deviate from them. There are no alternatives.”

Potsdam Declaration-July, 1945

• Dismantle the current government of Japan(excluding Emperor Hirohito)

• The Allies(US) will occupy Japan

• Japan will consist only of the major islands(Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku). It will lose all territory gained in WWII and years leading up to it.

• Japanese military forces will be disarmed and allowed to return home

• There will be war crimes trials for the atrocities committed by Japan throughout WWII

Potsdam Continued

• Democracy will be promoted as well as Freedom of speech, religion, and of thought, as well as respect for fundamental human rights(Universal Declaration of Human Rights-1948)

• Japan will be allowed to have industry so they can make money to pay for reparations. World trade will also be enabled at some point.

• Allied(US) occupation of Japan(1945-1952) will end once Japan accomplishes all the above points.

• "We call upon the government of Japan to proclaim now the unconditional surrender of all Japanese armed forces, and to provide proper and adequate assurances of their good faith in such action. The alternative for Japan is prompt and utter destruction.” President Harry Truman