japan 1945-1952 occupation macarthur and japan made it work was this a love story?
TRANSCRIPT
JAPAN 1945-1952 OCCUPATION
MacArthur AND JAPAN MADE IT WORKWAS THIS A LOVE STORY?
WHAT QUALITIES WOULD BE REQUIRED TO RULE JAPAN?
JAPANESE EMPEROR ACCEPTED RESPONSIBILITY FOR WWII
RADIO BROADCAST TO JAPANESE PEOPLE VALIDATED THE SURRENDER DEFEAT WAS COMPLETE-MILITARILY AND
PSYCHOLOGICALLY CASUALTIES: 9 MILLION ALL MAJOR CITIES DESTROYED ONE ATOMIC BOMB DROPPED EACH ON
HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI
ECONOMIC DEVASTATION
MERCHANT MARINE GONE FACTORIES AND MINES CEASED TO
OPERATE FOOD PRODUCTION CUT IN HALF 6 MILLION JAPANESE FROM ABROAD
HAD TO BE RESETTLED IN JAPAN JAPANESE MILITARY AND ELITE
DISCREDITED
MacArthur BECAME THE MILITARY DICTATOR OF JAPAN
U.S. ARMY COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF IN THE PACIFIC (Island-hopping and the Philippines)
REGARDED BY SOME AMERICANS AS ARROGANT AND DIFFICULT
JAPANESE REGARDED HIM AS THE EPITOME OF A WARRIOR
NEVER ONE ASSASSINATION ATTEMPT THOUGH HE TRAVELLED IN THE OPEN
JAPAN HAD A FUNCTIONING GOVERNMENT UNLIKE GERMANY
EMPEROR WAS SYMBOL OF JAPANESE UNITY
WAR CRIMINALS WERE EXECUTED TOJO BLAMED WITH LAUNCHING THE
WAR MANY JAPANESE PEOPLE UNAWARE
OF BRUTALITY OF THEIR ARMED FORCES
NEW CONSTITUTION FOR JAPAN
CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY (British model)
DIET had two houses Prime minister was “appointed” by the
Emperor though chosen by the Diet PACIFIST CLAUSE FOLLOWED BEST PRACTICES OF
EARLIER JAPANESE DEMOCRACIES
POLITICAL REFORMS
UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE “LEGAL PROTECTION OF WOMEN’S
RIGHTS” EXPANSION OF EDUCATIONAL
SYSTEM WITH INCLUSION OF FEMALES
POWER OF BIG BUSINESS AND LANDOWNERS REDUCED
EONOMIC REFORMS
REDISTRIBUTION OF FARMLAND MacArthur ACCUSED OF SOCIALISM WHERE ELSE DID THIS HAPPEN?
ABSENTEE LANDLORDS PAID LOW PRICE WHICH REALLY BECAME CONFISCATION
NEW INDEPENDENT FARMERS BECAME CONSERVATIVE FORCE OF THE NEW ORDER
LESS SUCCESSFUL REFORMS
ENCOURAGED SMALL BUSINESS
ENCOURAGED LABOR UNIONS TO CHECK THE ZAIBATSU OLIGOPOLIES THAT RAN THE ECONOMY LARGE CONGLOMERATES LATER MADE A
COMEBACK (keiretsu)
LABOR MILITANCY IS HALTED SHORTAGES AND INFLATION CAUSED
WORKERS TO TURN TO THE SOCIALIST AND COMMUNIST ORGANIZERS
BITTER STRIKES IN 1946 AND 1947 MacArthur CANCELED A NATIONWIDE
STRIKE IN 1948 ECONOMICALLY STABLE JAPAN
NEEDED FOR U.S. SECURITY INTERESTS (COLD WAR)
SOCIALIST PARTY WINS 1947 ELECTION
STALIN ORDERED JAPANESE COMMUNISTS TO FIGHT THIS “BOURGEOIS DEMOCRACY”
US OCCUPATION AUTHORITIES DID NOT FAVOR FURTHER SOCIAL REFORMS
POLITICAL POWER SHIFTED TO THE CONSERVATIVES
YOSHIDA ELECTED PRIME MINISTER LIBERAL DEMOCRATS DOMINATED
FAVORED BIG BUSINESS
WANTED TO END US OCCUPATION
US NOW PREOCCUPIED WITH THE COLD WAR AND RELIED ON PRIME MINISTER TO HOLD STATUS QUO
MacArthur ORDERED END TO SOCIAL REFORMS
REDUCTION OF BUDGET DEFICIT REDUCED INFLATION COMMUNISTS PURGED FROM LABOR
UNIONS NEW UNIONS COOPERATED WITH
MANAGEMENT WAGES HELD DOWN AND
INVESTMENT INCREASED
JAPAN BECAME CLOSE ALLY IN THE COLD WAR
GEOGRAPHICALLY CLOSE TO THE SU PROVIDED AIR AND NAVAL BASES OCCUPATION ENDED IN 1951 US-JAPANESE MILITARY TREATY
SIGNED IN 1952 JAPAN DID NOT RECOGNIZE CHINESE
COMMUNIST REGIME
JAPANESE ECONOMIC MIRACLE MASSIVE US PURCHASES OF
MATERIALS FOR THE KOREAN WAR DODGE PLAN SIMILAR TO MARSHALL
PLAN FOOD RATIONING ENDED HIGH SAVINGS RATE FUNNELLED
INTO INVESTMENT NO MILITARY SPENDING
ECONOMY GREW AT FAST RATE
WHY THIS MIRACLE?
MacArthur watched out for them? STRONG EDUCATION SYSTEM HIGHLY TRAINED AND ADAPTABLE
WORKFORCE FAVORABLE TRADING OPPORTUNITIES GOVERNMENT SUPPORT (MITI) TARIFFS
MANUFACTURING EXPERTISE
Created atmosphere for creative thinking
QUALITY, QUALITY, QUALITY W. Edwards Deming Award
LOW COST-LOW PRICE STRATGY PROFITS LESS IMPORTANT THAN
MARKET SHARE ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS THAT
CONSUMERS CRAVED
KEIRETSU
BIG BUSINESS TIED TO EACH OTHER COMPANY UNIONS WITH GUARANTEED
LIFETIME EMPLOYMENT HIGH WAGES NEW TECHNOLOGIES RELIED ON NUCLEAR POWER TO CUT
DEPENDENCE ON OIL IMPORTS LARGE ACCUMULATION OF FOREIGN
ASSETS
KEIRETSU (vertical and horizontal integration)
MITSUBISHI GROUP
STEEL COMPANY
PARTS SUPPLIER
BANK
TRUCK AND CAR COMPANY
INSURANCE COMPANY
TRANSPORTATION
COMMUNICATION
POWER COMPANY
EXPORT MACHINE
HIGH DOMESTIC PRICES BRED CULTURE OF SAVING
WORLD MARKET SHARE MOTIVATED BUSINESS DECISIONS
FOREIGN COMPETITORS FROZEN OUT OF DOMESTIC MARKET
BANKS WERE BUSINESS PARTNERS NOT LENDERS
UNITED STATES AND JAPAN LOVE-HATE RELATIONSHIP
ECONOMIC COMPETITORS
MILITARY TIES THAT BIND
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERS
CONSULTANTS ON ASIAN POLICY