Development Management

January 23, 2009

Evans and Embedded AutonomyWhat is a developmental state, according to

EvansWhat are its internal and external

characteristics?What are the characteristics of a ‘predatory’

state?How can one transform a predatory state into

a developmental state?This is the key question in the institutions and

governance approach to development

What is governance?

World BankProcess and institutionalization through which decisions are

made and authority exercised? Selection, accountability and replacement of authority Efficiency of institutions – resource allocation Respect for institutions – rule of law

DFIDHow institutions rules and systems of the state operate at

central and local level & how state relates to citizens Political systems, macro stability, promote growth, pro-poor

policy, universal access to basic services, personal safety & security, manage national security, honest and accountable government

Evaluating Potential Governance Interventions(Grindle)

What degree of conflict is likelyTime required for institutionalizationOrganizational complexityBudgetary requirementsAmount of behavioral change required

Pritchett & WoolcockEffective provision depends on structure of

incentivesResourcesInformationDecision-makingDelivery mechanismAccountability

Problems in service provisionAll services provided by center, irrespective

of their characteristicsWorks in “Denmark” nowMakes ‘sense’Fits with interests of donor agenciesProvided a means to stay in powerFits with ‘creation myths’ of developed world

Three responses to failureIntensificationAmputationReform key policies

Implementation by ‘10 smart people’

World Development Report 2004

Service provision – requires institutional relationships in which actors are accountable

ActorsCharacteristics of servicesAccountability

DelegationFinancePerformanceInformation/monitoringEnforceability

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Political Accountability• Political competition, broad-based political

parties• Transparency & regulation of party

financing• Disclosure of parliamentary votes

Checks & Balances

• Independent, effective judiciary

• Legislative oversight (PACs, PECs)

• Independent oversight institutions (SAI)

• Global initiatives: UN, OECD Convention, anti-money laundering

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Decentralization and Local Participation• Decentralization with accountability• Community Driven Development (CDD)• Oversight by parent-teacher associations & user

groups• Beneficiary participation in projects

Civil Society & Media• Freedom of press, FOI• Civil society watchdogs• Report cards, client

surveysPrivate Sector Interface• Streamlined regulation• Public-private dialogue• Extractive Industry

Transparency• Corporate governance• Collective business

associations

Effective Public Sector Management

• Ethical leadership: asset declaration, conflict of interest rules

• Cross-cutting public management systems: meritocracy, public finance, procurement

• Service delivery and regulatory agencies in sectors

Governance Dimensions

Public Expenditure TrackingBudget:

FormulationAnalysisExpenditureMonitoring

Participatory Tools Public expenditure tracking surveysSocial auditsCitizen report cards, community scorecardsAdvocacy campaigns

ExamplesBudget formulation –Porto Alegre BrazilBudget review and analysis – Gujurat, IndiaExpenditure tracking – UgandaPerformance Monitoring – Bangalore, India