[email protected] lahore, december 2013 transport connectivity for landlocked countries as a...
TRANSCRIPT
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[email protected] Lahore, December 2013
Transport Connectivity for Landlocked Countries as a tool of development
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2 brief comments upfront1) Bali2) UNCTAD’s Review of Maritime
Transport 2013 just released: – How long to implement Bali? – Which 4 countries register more than
50% of the world fleet? – How many tons of seaborne trade? – Who are the South Asian leaders in
shipping connectivity?– Which 2 countries build more than 2/3 of all
ships? – … see: http://unctad.org/rmt
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• Transport
Connectivity
• for Landlocked
Countries
• as a tool of
development
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More trade-> More transport
supply-> More
competition-> lower freights-> More trade
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More income to finance trade facilitation
-> Better trade facilitation-> More Trade-> More income to finance
trade facilitation
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Better services-> More trade-> More income to
finance infrastructure-> Better services
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• Transport
Connectivity
• for Landlocked
Countries
• as a tool of
development
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Sources for maps: http://www.ischool.drexel.edu/gissa/transport.html, http://www.mscgva.ch, Transport for London
Transport analysis:• Past: Port-to-port• Today: Door-to-door• Future: Network
Transport networks
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Introducing containerizationleads to more trade
Bernhofen et al, 2013 The Economist 18 May 2013
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Higher Container Shipping Connectivity leads to lower trade costs
(Arvis et al, 2013)
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Better connectivity leads to lower freight rates
y = 1814.9e-0.0671x
R2 = 0.4348
0
500
1'000
1'500
2'000
2'500
3'000
3'500
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Number of Carriers providing direct services
Frei
ght r
ate
(Wilmsmeier and Hoffmann, 2008)
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… more so than distance
y = 0.6206x + 1019.9
R2 = 0.2058
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500
Distance
Frei
ght r
ate
(Wilmsmeier and Hoffmann, 2008)
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Liner Shipping Connectivity
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Trends
http://stats.unctad.org/LSCI
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• Transport
Connectivity
• for Landlocked
Countries
• as a tool of
development
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Trade and Transport Facilitation is needed not to so much to cover “distance”, but to overcome border crossings.
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The number of RTAs with trade facilitation provisions has grown six-fold in the last decade. Among new RTAs, more than 80% include Customs and other trade facilitation measures.
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Interest of transit countries
• Transit traffic requires provision of services. Opportunities for investment in warehouses, vehicles and ports.
• Transit generates induced economic activities: restaurants & hotels, repairs & workshops, trade of petroleum products
• Economies of scale and improved connectivity reduce costs of the transit country’s own trade
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Bali TF agreement: on transit
• Article 11 Freedom of Transit• Article 1 (publication)
Article 2 (consultations)Article 6 (penalty prov.) Article 7.7 (AEO)Article 8 (border agency cooperation)Article 10 (formalities)Also cover transit!
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Special chapter in UNCTAD’s 2013Review of Maritime Transport
Assurance of uninterrupted transit: Consignments between trusted transit operator traders through trusted transit operator logistics providers should not be interrupted by any agency for any reason except in the case of clear evidence of a threat or violation. Assurance of uninterrupted transit should be adopted as a basic feature of all trusted transit operator programmes.
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• Transport
Connectivity
• for Landlocked
Countries
• as a tool of
development
![Page 22: Jan.Hoffmann@UNCTAD.org Lahore, December 2013 Transport Connectivity for Landlocked Countries as a tool of development](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c9c5503460f9495a754/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Beyond trade policies… TTF is good for development
Trade and Transport Facilitation reforms help to …• formalize trade, • save time and frustrations, • improve governance, • empower women entrepreneurs, • strengthen regional integration, • modernize public administrations, • foster IT capacities, and• increase revenue collection.
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Beyond trade policies… TTF is good for development
Trade and Transport Facilitation reforms help to …• formalize trade
![Page 24: Jan.Hoffmann@UNCTAD.org Lahore, December 2013 Transport Connectivity for Landlocked Countries as a tool of development](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c9c5503460f9495a754/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Beyond trade policies… TTF is good for development
Trade and Transport Facilitation reforms help to …• formalize trade • save time and frustrations
![Page 25: Jan.Hoffmann@UNCTAD.org Lahore, December 2013 Transport Connectivity for Landlocked Countries as a tool of development](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c9c5503460f9495a754/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Beyond trade policies… TTF is good for development
Trade and Transport Facilitation reforms help to …• formalize trade• save time and frustrations, • improve governance
![Page 26: Jan.Hoffmann@UNCTAD.org Lahore, December 2013 Transport Connectivity for Landlocked Countries as a tool of development](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c9c5503460f9495a754/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Beyond trade policies… TTF is good for development
Trade and Transport Facilitation reforms help to …• formalize trade• save time and frustrations• improve governance• empower women entrepreneurs
![Page 27: Jan.Hoffmann@UNCTAD.org Lahore, December 2013 Transport Connectivity for Landlocked Countries as a tool of development](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c9c5503460f9495a754/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Beyond trade policies… TTF is good for development
Trade and Transport Facilitation reforms help to …• formalize trade• save time and frustrations• improve governance• empower women entrepreneurs• strengthen regional integration
![Page 28: Jan.Hoffmann@UNCTAD.org Lahore, December 2013 Transport Connectivity for Landlocked Countries as a tool of development](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c9c5503460f9495a754/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Beyond trade policies… TTF is good for development
Trade and Transport Facilitation reforms help to …• formalize trade • save time and frustrations• improve governance• empower women entrepreneurs• strengthen regional integration• modernize public administrations
![Page 29: Jan.Hoffmann@UNCTAD.org Lahore, December 2013 Transport Connectivity for Landlocked Countries as a tool of development](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c9c5503460f9495a754/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Beyond trade policies… TTF is good for development
Trade and Transport Facilitation reforms help to …• formalize trade • save time and frustrations • improve governance • empower women entrepreneurs • strengthen regional integration • modernize public administrations • foster IT capacities
![Page 30: Jan.Hoffmann@UNCTAD.org Lahore, December 2013 Transport Connectivity for Landlocked Countries as a tool of development](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c9c5503460f9495a754/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Beyond trade policies… TTF is good for development
Trade and Transport Facilitation reforms help to …• formalize trade • save time and frustrations • improve governance • empower women entrepreneurs • strengthen regional integration • modernize public administrations • foster IT capacities• Improve security
![Page 31: Jan.Hoffmann@UNCTAD.org Lahore, December 2013 Transport Connectivity for Landlocked Countries as a tool of development](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c9c5503460f9495a754/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Beyond trade policies… TTF is good for development
Trade and Transport Facilitation reforms help to …• formalize trade, • save time and frustrations, • improve governance,
• empower women entrepreneurs, • strengthen regional integration, • modernize public administrations, • foster IT capacities, and• increase revenue collection.
![Page 32: Jan.Hoffmann@UNCTAD.org Lahore, December 2013 Transport Connectivity for Landlocked Countries as a tool of development](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c9c5503460f9495a754/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Beyond trade policies… TTF is good for development
Trade and Transport Facilitation reforms help to …• formalize trade, • save time and frustrations, • improve governance, • empower women entrepreneurs, • strengthen regional integration, • modernize public administrations, • foster IT capacities, • Improve security, and• increase revenue collection.
![Page 33: Jan.Hoffmann@UNCTAD.org Lahore, December 2013 Transport Connectivity for Landlocked Countries as a tool of development](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c9c5503460f9495a754/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
The introduction of ICTs by Customs encourages SMEs to also connect to the internet
Developing ICTs
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Developing Transit
A framework for bank guarantees for transit trade helps improve the financial system
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Developing trust Increased transparency is good for
good governance in general
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Developing Single Windows
A single window experience for trade may help to introduce single windows elsewhere
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Implementation is more difficult for LDCs
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More trade-> More transport
supply-> More
competition-> lower freights-> More trade
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More income to finance trade facilitation
-> Better trade facilitation-> More Trade-> More income to finance
trade facilitation
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Better services-> More trade-> More income to
finance infrastructure-> Better services
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• Transport Connectivity
• for Landlocked Countries
• as a tool of development
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Lower Trade Costs-> More trade-> Economies of scale-> Lower Trade Costs
… for both: landlocked and transit countries
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[email protected] Lahore, December 2013
Transport Connectivity for Landlocked Countries as a tool of development
Thank you