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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
Molecular analysis of Cymbidium orchids
85 accessions belonging to 17 Cymbidium species
were collected from various locations viz.
Darjeeling, Kalimpong, Meghalaya and Sikkim.
PCR amplifications of these 17 Cymbidium species
were done using three nuclear (ITS) and ten plastid
loci (microsatellite) markers to study the
phylogenetic relationship. Significant variability
was observed in all the species under study. Frequency and mode of application of different growth regulators influence flowering of Dendrobium hybrid “Thongchai Gold”
Growth regulators like GA (50, 100 and 200 ppm) 3
and BA (50 and 100 ppm) were applied in two
frequencies (morning and evening spray) and in two
different modes like foliar spraying and drenching.
Maximum flower spikes were found in drenching
followed by morning and evening spray. Drenching
of BA @ 100 ppm produced maximum number of
spikes (1.83) while BA @ 50 ppm produced 14.7
flowers/spike.
Banding pattern of Cymbidium species using forwardand reverse primer accD1fF5A and accD4rR5
STMS Banding pattern of Vanda species using primer CAF1
OrchidsOrchidsNewsletter
National Research Centre for Orchids(Indian Council of Agricultural Research)Pakyong - 737 106, Sikkim, IndiaVol. 12(1) January - June, 2011
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Training Imparted 06
Education and Training 06
Distinguished Visitors 06
Publications 06
Research Highlights 01
Institutional Activities 05
Republic Day Celebration 05
Participation of Scientists in Symposia/ Seminar etc. 05
NRCO, News Letter (Jan. - June, 2011)02
Genetic Resources
Thirty one different species of orchids were
collected during the reported period.
Dendrobium, Vanda, Otochilus, Eria, Oberonia
and Bulbophyllum species were collected from
Senapati District, Manipur; Dendrobium,
Coelogyne, Oberonia, Rhynchostylis,
Cleisostoma, Pholidota, Bulbophyllum and
Aerides species were collected from
Karnataka; Pleione, Pholidota, Anoectochilus,
Dendrobium, Eria, Calanthae, Otochilus,
Cymbidium, Thunia, Liparis, Bulbophyllum,
Cryptochilus, Malaxis, Coelogyne, Vanda and
Rhynchostylis species were collected from
Shillong and were included to germplasm
collection. Moreover explorations for
collection of orchids were conducted in
different parts of Darjeeling district of West
Bengal and altogether 86 accessions belonging
to Oberonia , Dendrobium , Pleione ,
Cymbidium, Eria, Malaxis, Tainia, Liparis,
Calanthe, Bulbophyllum, Gastrochilus,
Coelogyne, Platanthera, Odontochilus,
Neogyne, Pholidota, and Peristylis. Apart from
collecting orchids from natural habitat,
Paphiopedilum villosum, P. villosum var.
boxallii, P. venustum, P. fairrieanum, P.
hirsutissimum were procured from the
nurseries located in Darjeeling district of West
Bengal and in Shilong Meghalaya
1. The crosses between Arachnanthe cathcartii
and Vanda coerulea flowered for the first
time. The appearance and flower color of
new hybrid is different from its parents. The
sepals and petals of V. coeurelea are white
color and violet blue shaded and tessellated
New hybrid developed
(RHS-92A, shaded &RHS-91A, tessellated)
color pattern whereas in a new hybrid, the color of
the sepals and petals are purple violet (RHS
N80B). Plant height of the progeny is 53.5cm
with leaf shape symmetric emarginated.
Inflorescence bears 05 flowers and size of flower
is approximately 7.7 cm X 7.9 cm.
Arachnanthe cathcartii
Vanda coerulea
A.cathcartii X Vanda coerulea
NRCO, News Letter (Jan. - June, 2011) 03
2. Characters of PBX -05-56: plant medium sized
measuring height of about 25cm. Flower size
6.5X6.6 cm, yellow green (RHS 151 A) and lip
white with red purple (RHS 59 A) lining in the
middle. Column yellow green (RHS 151D) with
small maroon color spots at the base with grayed
yellow (RHS 160A) anther cap. Flowering time
mid of April 2011.
Cym. lowianum
Cym tigrinum
PBX-05- 56
Meristem culture of Cymbidium 'Baltic Glacier Mint Ice'
To develop a protocol for the mass propagation of
Cymbidium 'Baltic Glacier Mint Ice' hybrid through
meristem culture, the shoot tips were cultured on MS
media supplemented with various concentrations of
plant growth hormones namely, BAP, NAA, Kinetin
and IBA at different concentrations. MS media
supplemented with 1.0g/l of activated charcoal,
0.2mg/l of NAA and 0.2mg/l BAP were found
suitable for regeneration of Protocorm Like Bodies
(PLB) from shoot tips.
Plb proliferation of Cymbidium 'Baltic Glacier Mint Ice'
In vitro hardened plantlets of Cymbidium 'Baltic Glacier Mint Ice'
Plantlet ready for ex-vitro hardening (Cymbidium 'Baltic Glacier Mint Ice')
NRCO, News Letter (Jan. - June, 2011)04
Product ion and Post-product ion Management of Tropical and Subtropical Orchids
Virus indexing of different orchid samples
Out of seventeen hybrids of Aranda, six hybrids
namely, 'Propin Spot', 'Anne Khoo x V. Kasems
Delight', 'Sayan x Ascda Bangkhuntian Gold',
'Prapine White', 'Noorah Alsagoff Red' and 'Fatimah
Alsakoff Blue'; Among nine hybrids of Mokara,
'Happy Beauty' and 'Madam Pani' and Out of thirteen
hybrids of Oncidium, 'Wild Cat Carmera', 'Pixie
Ruth', 'Taka Yellow', 'Popki Red', 'J.R. Pink Spot',
'J.R. Orange Red' and 'J.R. Yellow Brown' were
found suitable for mid hills in Sikkim.
In Dendrobium, longest spike length (47.7 cm) and
rachis length (32.7cm) was found in Den. 'Madam
Pink' with Cocochips + Leaf mould + Cowdung
(5:4:1). In flowers, maximum carbohydrate content
(260mg/g) was recorded with Den. 'Kating Dang'
followed by Den, 'Erika' (259.0 mg/g).
In Dendrobium hybrid 'Thongchai Gold', per cent of
fully opened buds (66%) was recorded maximum
with sucrose(4%) + Ca(NO ) (1%) followed by 3 2
sucrose (4%) + acetyl acetic acid (100 ppm) (60%).
Longest vase life (36 days) was found with sucrose
(4%) + Al (SO ) (100 ppm) followed by sucrose 2 4
(4%) + acetyl acetic acid (100 ppm) (33 days).
DUS testing guidelines were finalized for 16 species
and 41 hybrids of Cymbidium, 30 species and 14
hybrids of Dendrobium and 12 species and 9 hybrids
of Vanda based on common descriptors.
24 samples of different orchid species collected from
Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra were
tested for Cymbidium mosaic, Odontoglossum
DUS Testing on Orchid
ringspot and Cymbidium ring spot viruses by ELISA
using commercial antibodies. ELISA results
revealed that Phaius flavus, Coelogyne sp.,
Staropsis undulata, Oberonia brunoniana,
Oberonia sp., Cymbidium bicolor and C.
devonianum were found positive with ORSV while
Oberonia sp. was found positive with mixed
infection of ORSV and CymMV. Cymbidium
ringspot virus (CyRSV) was not found in any of the
samples
Survey was conducted in different localities at
Shillong, (Meghalaya) and collected seventy four
species of orchids belonging to 29 genera. Out of 74
species 32 were infected with ORSV and 2 samples
one each of Malaxis sp. and Eria sp. were found
positive for CymMV.
Virus indexing of five orchid species namely
Acampe papillosa, Aerides odoratum, Coelogyne
ocracea, Dendrobium chrysotoxum and Coelogyne
nitida from NRCO was performed. It was found that
A. papillosa and Coelogyne ocracea were found
positive with CymMV, ORSV and CyRSV.
Coelogyne nitida was found positive with CymMV
and CyRSV. Aerides odoratum and D. chrysotoxum
were found free from viruses.
Mite species (Tatranychus urticae) collected from
the diseased Cymbidium hybrids (mixed infection of
CymMV and ORSV) were transferred to young and
healthy seedlings of Datura stramonium to see the
virus transmission, if any. After seven days of
feeding, Datura stramonium developed small
lesions which subsequently became necrotic. Such
plants when tested in ELISA, three plants (out of 15)
were found positive with ORSV while CymMV was
not found in any of the samples. ORSV being a
Role of mites in virus transmission
NRCO, News Letter (Jan. - June, 2011) 05
tobamovirus is highly contagious and might have
transmitted through the contamination of body parts
of the mite.
150 plants of Cymbidium “Winter Beach Sea Green”
were evaluated for natural infestation of two spotted
spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. It was observed
that all plants were found infested (100 %
infestation) by the mite in different level during the
period.
An experiment was conducted to test the efficacy of
botanicals and bio-pesticides against aphids on the
flowers of Cymbidium “H C Aurora” under
polyhouse conditions. The nine treatments
(including control) viz., neem oil 0.03% EC
(5 ml/lit.), garlic extract 5%, chilaune leaves extract
(Schima wallichii) 10%, dhatura leaf extract 10%,
B.t. (Dipel) 0.012%, tita pat extract (Artimissia)
10%, tobacco extract 5%, and NPV 0.10% were
applied. The results showed that all the treatments
were noticed significantly superior over untreated
control. The maximum percent reduction (76.93%)
in aphid population was recorded in the treatment of
Econeem 2ml/litre followed by neem oil 0.03% EC
(5ml/lit.), whereas minimum percent reduction was
noticed on the plants treated with titapat (Artimissia)
extract.
Screening of orchid (Cymbidium hybrid) for their resistance against two spotted spider mite
Relative efficacy of bio-pesticides against aphids on flowers of Cymbidium
INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES
Participation of Scientists in Conference, Meetings, Workshop, Symposia, Seminar etc in India and Abroad.
National Conference on 'National Consultation on
Production of Orchids' at NRC for Orchids, Pakyong stfrom 19-21 February, 2011.
R. P. Medhi, D. Barman, L. C. De, S. Chakrabarti, R.
P. Pant, Rampal and N. K. Meena
National Conference on 'Recent Trends and Future thProspect in Floriculture' at Meerat, U.P from 5-8
March, 2011.
D. Barman and Rampal
Celebration of Republic Day at NRC for Orchids
National Conference on 'National Consultation forProduction and Utilisation of Orchids'
NRCO, News Letter (Jan. - June, 2011)06
National Conference on 'HortiBusiness - Linking stFarmers with Market' at Dehradun from 29-31 May
2011.
D. Barman and N. K. Meena
th4 Review Meeting of DUS Test Centres and thProjects at NASC Complex, New Delhi on 25
February, 2011.
L. C. De
National Consultation cum Training on 'Diagnostics thin Horticultural Crops' at CPRI, Shimla on 16-17
April, 2011.
R. P. Pant
Training on 'Development of dipstick kit for orchid thviruses' at CPRI, Shimla from 17-19 April, 2011.
R. P. Pant
Training on 'Employer's Perspective on Labour thRelated Laws' at NAARM, Hyderabad from 10-12
May, 2011
R. P. Medhi and D. Barman
Training on 'Employer's Perspective on Labour thRelated Laws' at NAARM, Hyderabad from 10-12
May, 2011
D. Joseph
1. Dr. H. P. Singh, DDG (Hort.), KAB-II, New
Delhi - 18/02/2011
Education and Training
Distinguished Visitors
Scientist
Administrative
2. Dr. J. Nagaraju, CDFD, Hyderabad - 15/03/2011
3. Dr. R. K. Sharma, Sr. Dy. Director – Cum-
Head Cold Chain Cell, National Horticulture
Board, Min. of Agri., Govt. of India. - 17/03/2011
4. Dr. Kirti Singh, Ex-Chairman, ASRB and Ex-
Vice Chancellor, N. D. Agri. University,
Faizabad, U.P. - 21/04/2011
5. Dr. S. N. Puri, Vice Chancellor, CAU, Imphal,
Manipur. - 22/04/2011
6. Shri. Sudhir Bhargava, Member, ICAR
Governing Body, New Delhi - 11/05/2011
7. Shree Singey Phub, Pr. Research Officer,
R&D Centre Bajo, Dept. of Agriculture &
Forest, Royal Govt. of Bhutan - 04/06/2011
1. Devdas., R., D. Barman and R.P. Medhi. 2011.
Dendrobiumm lituiflorum Lindl.- A value
addition Report from Khashi Hills of
Meghalaya. Indian J. Plant Genetic Resource
24(2): 246-249.
1. Chakrabarti., S. 2011. Cymbidium Orchids.
Agro India. March Pp20 – 23
1. Meena., N. K., R. P. Pant, Rampal and R. P.
Medhi. 2011. Orchids Ke Hanikarak Keet
avam Unka Prabandhan, National Research
Center for orchids, Pakyong, Sikkim Pp. 1-46.
2. Naik., S. K., T. Usha Bharathi, D. Barman,
Publications
Research Papers:
Popular Articles:
Technical Bulletin
NRCO, News Letter (Jan. - June, 2011) 07
Rampal, L. C. De and R. P. Medhi 2010. Basics
of Orchid Nutrition, Technical Bulletin No. 5
under MM-I, published by The Director, NRC
for Orchids (ICAR), Pakyong, Sikkim, Pp. 54.
1. Barman., D., 2010. Impact of climate change
on orchid population and probable solutions,
National Consultation on Production of stOrchids, 19-21 February, 2011.
2. Barman., D., R. P. Medhi, U. Parthasarathy, K.
Jayaranjan, V. A. Parthasarathy. 2010. A GIS
interpretation of diversity of Cymbidium
swartz in Sikkim, National Consultation on stProduction of Orchids, 19-21 February, 2011.
3. Barman., D., H. Pokhrel and R.P.Medhi. 2011.
Water management in orchids.”National
Conference on cent Trends and Future
Prospect in Floriculture” Meerat, U.P
4. Chakrabarti., S., Gaganjyot Singh, R. P. Medhi
and Sunil Archak 2011. Analysis of Diversity
and Genetic relatedness of some Coelogyne
species of North Eastern India using ISSR
markers In: Souvenir cum Abstracts - National
Conference on National Consultation for
Production and Utilisation of Orchids from st19 - 21 February, 2011 at NRC for Orchids,
Pakyong, Sikkim.
5. Chakrabarti., S., N. G. Debnath and R. P.
Medhi 2010. Diversity Management in
Cymbidium Orchids In: National Conference
on National Consultation for Production and stUtilisation of Orchids from 19 -21 February,
2011 at NRC for Orchids, Pakyong, Sikkim.
6. Chakrabarti., S. 2010. Orchid Industry- A
lucrative Business for women In: National
Paper presented in Seminars/Symposia:
Conference on National Consultation for
Production and Utilisation of Orchids from st19 -21 February, 2011 at NRC for Orchids,
Pakyong, Sikkim.
7. Chakrabarti., S., Gaganjyot Singh and R. P.
Medhi 2010. Molecular Diversity and
relationships among Vandaceous Orchids of
North Eastern Himalayan Region based on
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) thmarkers. In: 15 Annual Convention of ADNAT
(Association for Promotion of DNA
Fingerprinting And other DNA Technologies) thheld at CCMB, Hyderabad w.e.f 23-25
February, 2011 organized by ADNAT.
8. De., L. C., A. N. Rao, P. K Rajeevan, G. S.
Rawat, S. K. Sood, M. Srivastava and
Geetamani Chhetri 2011. DUS testing on
commercial orchids (Abs No. I-13). In:
Proceeding of National Consultation of
production and utilization of orchids held from st19-21 February, 2011 at NRC for Orchids,
Pakyong, Sikkim.
9. De., L. C., S. K. Naik, S. K. Mitra and R. P.
Medhi 2011. Pre-harvest Management in
Cymbidium (Abs. No. III-5). In: Proceeding
of National Consultation of production and stutilization of orchids held from 19-21
February, 2011 at NRC for Orchids, Pakyong,
Sikkim.
10. De., L. C., S. P. Vij and P. Deb 2011. Post-
harvest Management and Value Addition in
Cymbidium (Abs. IV-2). In: Proceeding of
National Consultation of production and stutilization of orchids held from 19-21
February, 2011 at NRC for Orchids, Pakyong,
Sikkim.
NRCO, News Letter (Jan. - June, 2011)08
11. Gupta., S., R. P. Pant and R. P. Medhi 2011.
Detection of Cymbidium mosaic and
Odontoglossum ringspot viruses by ELISA
and RT-PCR from Sikkim and Darjeeling hills.
In: National Consultation for Production and
Utilization of orchids held at NRC for Orchids, stPakyong, Sikkim from 19-21 February, 2011.
12. Meena., N. K., R. P. Pant, D. Barman and R. P.
Medhi 2011. Field evaluation of bio-pesticides
and insecticides effectiveness against two
spotted spider mite, Tetranchus urticae KOCH
on Orchid (Cymbidium H.C. Aurora) In:
National Consultation for Production and
Utilization of orchids held at NRC for Orchids, stPakyong, Sikkim from 19-21 February, 2011.
13. Meena., N. K., R. P. Pant, Rampal and R. P.
Medhi 2011. Evaluation of bio-pesticides for
their effectiveness against shoot borer
Peridaedala sp. On Epidendrum. In: National
Consultation for Production and Utilization of
orchids held at NRC for Orchids, Pakyong, stSikkim from 19-21 February, 2011.
14. Naik., S. K., D. Barman, and R. P. Medhi.
2011. Evaluation of nutrient content of
growing media and iron deficiency in
Cymbidium Hybrid. “National Conference on
cent Trends and Future Prospect in
Floriculture” Meerat, U.P.
15. Pathak., N., D. Barman and S.K. Naik. 2010.
Orchid Cultivation: An approach for income
generation in Sikkim, National Consultation ston Production of Orchids, 19-21 February,
2011.
16. Pant., R. P., Smita Gupta, N. K. Meena and R.
P. Medhi 2011. Emerging diseases of orchids
in Northeastern states of India and their
management. In: National Consultation for
Production and Utilization of orchids held at
NRC for Orchids, Pakyong, Sikkim from 19-st21 February. 2011.
17. Pant., R. P., Smita Gupta, N. K. Meena and R.
P. Medhi 2011. Occurrence of cymbidium
mosaic (CymMV) and Odontoglossum
ringspot viruses (ORSV) on commercial
hybrids and species in Sikkim and Darjeeling
hills. In: National Consultation for Production
and Utilization of orchids held at NRC for stOrchids, Pakyong, Sikkim from 19-21
February, 2011.
18. Usha Bharathi., T., D. Barman. 2010. Effect of
different pulsing solutions on post harvest life
of Cymbidium hybrid 'Pine Clash Moon
Venus', National Consultation on Production stof Orchids, 19-21 February, 2011.
19 Usha Bharathi., T., S. K. Naik, D. Barman.
2010. Effect of harvesting stages and chemical
preservatives on post harvest life of
Cymbidium hybrid “Red Princess', National stConsultation on Production of Orchids, 19-21
February, 2011.
Published byDr. R. P. Medhi
DirectorNational Research Centre for Orchids (ICAR)
Pakyong 737 106, East SikkimTel. No. 03592-257954
Telefax: 03592-257289 / 257282
Published byDr. R. P. Medhi
DirectorNational Research Centre for Orchids (ICAR)
Pakyong 737 106, East SikkimTel. No. 03592-257954
Telefax: 03592-257289 / 257282
Editorial CommitteeS. ChakrabartiM. ChakrabortiN.G. Debnath