james joyce
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James Joyce
Raffaele Nardella
http://arjunpuri.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/6-james-joyce.jpg
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James JoyceImpersonality of the Artist
Raffaele Nardella
• Influence from Baudelaire, Flaubert
• Artist’s task:
• Describing life objectively -> True image -> Detachment from society -> No writer’s point of view (p.o.v.) -> Different p.o.v. and narrative techniques for the characters
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James JoyceImpersonality of the Artist
Raffaele Nardella
Style – Technique – Language
• realism and disciplined prose
• exploration of characters’ impressions and p.o.v.
• free direct speech and epiphany
• interior monologue with 2 levels of narration
• succession of words with no punctuation, grammar rules
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James JoyceSubjective perception of Time
Raffaele Nardella
• modernist writer
• narrative more important than themes
• different p.o.v. simultaneously
• no omniscent narrator
• geographical and sociological details
• impressions and thought caused by an outer event
• opening “in media res”
• introspection rather than description
• time as subjective
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James JoyceUlysses - Plot
Raffaele Nardella
On Thursday June 16, 1904 (18 hours) -> fist date with Nora
3 characters:
• Leopold Bloom: Jew adv canvasser, alienated common man, in the streets, funeral, meeting Dedalus
• Stephen Dedalus: alienated artist, saved from a brothel
• Molly Bloom: Leopold’s wife, singer, adultery
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James JoyceUlysses - Odyssey
Raffaele Nardella
Odyssey as structural framework for “Ulysses”:
• Leopold as Ulysses
• Stephen as Telemachus
• Molly as Penepole
“Ulysses” in 3 parts (as in the Odyssey) – 18 episodes:
• Telemachiad (ch. 1-3)
• Odyssey (ch. 4-15)
• Nostos (ch. 15-18)
Homeric parallels -> important structural devices in the novel
Episodes -> hour, colour, organ of the body, sense, symbol
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James JoyceUlysses - Setting
Raffaele Nardella
Climax of creativity
Detailed account of ordinary life
Like a play of chess
Dublin as a character of the novel
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James JoyceUlysses – Mythical Method
Raffaele Nardella
Prose based on mythical method:
• Psychology
• Ethnology
• Anthropology
Parallel with the Odyssey: symbolic meaning - another dimension - universal in the particular
Modern epic in prose -> a new form of realism
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James JoyceUlysses – Human Nature
Raffaele Nardella
Leopold, Molly, Stephen -> 2 aspects of human nature
Stephen: intellect, young looking for maturity
Molly: flesh, sensual nature, fecundity
Leopold: everybody, mankind
Moral Theme (quest/journey) -> human life:
• Suffering
• Struggling to rise
• Looking for good
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James JoyceUlysses – Prose
Raffaele Nardella
Revolutionary Prose -> several methods for lots of matters:
• Stream of consciousness
• Cinematic technique
• Question and answer
• Dramatic dialogue
• Juxtaposition of events -> collage technique (cubist artists – a scene from all perspectives)
• Interior monologue -> 2 levels of narrration:
1. External to character’s mind
2. Internal to character’s mind
• Language: puns, images, contrasts, paradoxes, false clues, symbols, slang, nicknames, slogans, foreign words, literary quotations
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James JoyceThe Interior Monologue
Raffaele Nardella
William James -> stream of consciousness – inner process
Introspection in the 18th century novels (Defoe)
20th century fiction -> subjective consciousness – difficulty to reproduce the human mind through traditional techniques – interior monologue to represent the unspoken activity of the mind
Interior Monologue: verbal expression of a psychic phenomenon
Stream of consciousness: psychic phenomenon
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James JoyceThe Interior Monologue
Raffaele Nardella
Main features:
• verbal expression of a psychic phenomenon
• immediate
• free from introductory expression
• 2 levels of narration (external – internal)
• no chronological time
• subjective time
• no rules of punctuation
• no formal logical order