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JAMES DEAN BAKERJAMES DEAN BAKERSTRUCTURAL OPTIONSTRUCTURAL OPTION
ALCOA CORPORATE CENTERALCOA CORPORATE CENTER
201 ISABELLA STEET201 ISABELLA STEET
James Dean BakerJames Dean Baker ALCOA Corporate CenterALCOA Corporate Center201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA
Architectural EngineeringArchitectural EngineeringStructural OptionStructural Option
PRESENTATION OUTLINEPRESENTATION OUTLINEIntroductionExisting ConditionsStructural Existing ConditionsDesign Goals and CriteriaSuspension DesignConnectionsCost Analysis & Schedule ImpactsConstructability ProcessDaylighting ControlsDesign Results and RecommendationsConclusion
James Dean BakerJames Dean Baker ALCOA Corporate CenterALCOA Corporate Center201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA
Architectural EngineeringArchitectural EngineeringStructural OptionStructural Option
~ Design Team ~~ Design Team ~OWNERS:OWNERS:
ARCHITECT:ARCHITECT:
ENGINEERS:ENGINEERS:
GENERAL GENERAL CONTRACTORS:CONTRACTORS:
Aluminum Company of America
The Design Alliance
Atlantic Engineering Service (STRUCTURAL)
Dodson Engineering (MECHANICAL)
Hornfleck Engineering (ELECTRICAL)
Turner Construction
I N T R O D U C T I O NI N T R O D U C T I O N
James Dean BakerJames Dean Baker ALCOA Corporate CenterALCOA Corporate Center201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA
Architectural EngineeringArchitectural EngineeringStructural OptionStructural Option
ALCOA CORPORATE CENTERALCOA CORPORATE CENTER
LOCATIONLOCATION
77thth and 9and 9thth St. Bridges St. Bridges bookend the buildingbookend the building
Along the Allegheny RiverAlong the Allegheny River
North Shore of PittsburghNorth Shore of Pittsburgh
EXISTING CONDITIONS
James Dean BakerJames Dean Baker ALCOA Corporate CenterALCOA Corporate Center201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA
Architectural EngineeringArchitectural EngineeringStructural OptionStructural Option
Occupancy: Office Space, Company HeadquartersOccupancy: Office Space, Company Headquarters
MidMid--Rise Structure, 6 StoriesRise Structure, 6 Stories
236,200 sq. ft. of Flexible Office Space236,200 sq. ft. of Flexible Office Space
Below Grade Parking for 180 Vehicles Below Grade Parking for 180 Vehicles
Total Cost of 67 million dollarsTotal Cost of 67 million dollars
Completed in July of 1998Completed in July of 1998
ALCOA CORPORATE CENTERALCOA CORPORATE CENTER EXISTING CONDITIONSEXISTING CONDITIONS
Building Information
James Dean BakerJames Dean Baker ALCOA Corporate CenterALCOA Corporate Center201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA
Architectural EngineeringArchitectural EngineeringStructural OptionStructural Option
Typical Floor Plan:Typical Floor Plan:
ALCOA CORPORATE CENTERALCOA CORPORATE CENTER
James Dean BakerJames Dean Baker ALCOA Corporate CenterALCOA Corporate Center201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA
Architectural EngineeringArchitectural EngineeringStructural OptionStructural Option
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMSSTRUCTURAL SYSTEMS
FOUNDATION:FOUNDATION:FLOORING SYSTEMS:FLOORING SYSTEMS:SUPERSTRUCTURE :SUPERSTRUCTURE :
ROOF:ROOF:
CONNECTIONS:CONNECTIONS:
MOMENT FRAMES:MOMENT FRAMES:
BRACED FRAMES:BRACED FRAMES:
1400 Auger Cast Friction Piles
6” composite floor slab with a raised floor plenum
Steel Moment Frame (office Section)
Steel Frame with Braced Frames (supporting area)
Glass ceiling with structural steel framing
Full Moment connections throughout the office area
Office section of the building, full penetration welds
Lateral resisting system mainly in north side of the structure
James Dean BakerJames Dean Baker ALCOA Corporate CenterALCOA Corporate Center201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA
Architectural EngineeringArchitectural EngineeringStructural OptionStructural Option
Existing ConditionsExisting Conditions
Lateral System LayoutBraced Frames:
Types: I, II, III, IV
Stiffness:
I: 19.2 k/in
II: 19.2 k/in
III: 20.4 k/in
IV: 111.0 k/in
Moment Frames:
Type: I
Stiffness: 55.6 k/in
TYPE IV
TYPE III
TYPE II
TYPE III
TYPE I
MOMENT FRAMES
TYPE I
TYPE I
James Dean BakerJames Dean Baker ALCOA Corporate CenterALCOA Corporate Center201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA
Architectural EngineeringArchitectural EngineeringStructural OptionStructural Option
DESIGN GOALSDESIGN GOALS
Add an Exposed Roof Truss SystemAdd an Exposed Roof Truss System•• Support the Exterior of the Office AreaSupport the Exterior of the Office Area
Remove Full Moment ConnectionsRemove Full Moment ConnectionsAdd Pin Type ConnectionsAdd Pin Type ConnectionsEstablish Structurally FeasibleEstablish Structurally FeasibleConstructability and CostConstructability and CostImprove Lighting ControlsImprove Lighting Controls
James Dean BakerJames Dean Baker ALCOA Corporate CenterALCOA Corporate Center201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA
Architectural EngineeringArchitectural EngineeringStructural OptionStructural Option
Typical Floor LayoutTypical Floor Layout
Examples of the Examples of the
Areas to be SuspendedAreas to be Suspended
James Dean BakerJames Dean Baker ALCOA Corporate CenterALCOA Corporate Center201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA
Architectural EngineeringArchitectural EngineeringStructural OptionStructural Option
EXTERIOR BEAMSEXTERIOR BEAMSOffice SectionOffice Section
Beams:Beams:•• W 18 x 35 (typ.)W 18 x 35 (typ.)•• W 24 x 55 (typ.)W 24 x 55 (typ.)
ConnectionsConnections•• Shear Type (inner)Shear Type (inner)•• Seat Angles (outer)Seat Angles (outer)
James Dean BakerJames Dean Baker ALCOA Corporate CenterALCOA Corporate Center201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA
Architectural EngineeringArchitectural EngineeringStructural OptionStructural Option
Suspension System OptionsSuspension System Options
Truss SystemsTruss SystemsCable TensionCable Tension
4 Symmetrical Spans4 Symmetrical Spans
Two Large SpansTwo Large Spans
Several Shorter SpansSeveral Shorter Spans
James Dean BakerJames Dean Baker ALCOA Corporate CenterALCOA Corporate Center201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA
Architectural EngineeringArchitectural EngineeringStructural OptionStructural Option
SUSPENSION BRIDGESUSPENSION BRIDGETruss TypeTruss Type
Original Columns:Original Columns:New Columns:New Columns:Original Connections:Original Connections:•• Full MomentFull Moment
Proposed Connections:Proposed Connections:•• Shear Shear •• WeldsWelds
Hangars: W12 x 30 (top)Hangars: W12 x 30 (top)W10 x 19 (bottom)W10 x 19 (bottom)
James Dean BakerJames Dean Baker ALCOA Corporate CenterALCOA Corporate Center201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA
Architectural EngineeringArchitectural EngineeringStructural OptionStructural Option
SUSPENSION BRIDGESUSPENSION BRIDGETruss TypeTruss Type
Truss Type :Truss Type :Back to Back Channels: MC6 x 18Back to Back Channels: MC6 x 18
Plate Welded Connections: 3/8” weldsPlate Welded Connections: 3/8” welds
Gusset Plate Connections: 1” thick platesGusset Plate Connections: 1” thick plates
Bottom Chord: W36 x 245Bottom Chord: W36 x 245
Extended Columns: W12 x 83Extended Columns: W12 x 83
James Dean BakerJames Dean Baker ALCOA Corporate CenterALCOA Corporate Center201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA
Architectural EngineeringArchitectural EngineeringStructural OptionStructural Option
SUSPENSION BRIDGESUSPENSION BRIDGECable Tension TypeCable Tension Type
Original Columns: W 12 x 72New Columns: W 12 x 83Cable Connections: Clamp TypeCable Sizing: 7 Compact 0.6” diameter bundles of 270 ksi wiresBuckling Difficulties in the columns
Recommendation: Not Viable due to Aesthetics, and Story Connection difficulties
OVERVIEWOVERVIEW
James Dean BakerJames Dean Baker ALCOA Corporate CenterALCOA Corporate Center201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA
Architectural EngineeringArchitectural EngineeringStructural OptionStructural Option
Truss LocationsTruss Locations
James Dean BakerJames Dean Baker ALCOA Corporate CenterALCOA Corporate Center201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA
Architectural EngineeringArchitectural EngineeringStructural OptionStructural Option
Truss ConfigurationTruss Configuration
James Dean BakerJames Dean Baker ALCOA Corporate CenterALCOA Corporate Center201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA
Architectural EngineeringArchitectural EngineeringStructural OptionStructural Option
ConnectionsConnections
Truss ConnectionsTruss Connections
Welded Gusset Plate ConnectorsWelded Gusset Plate Connectors
12” Longitudinal Welds Required12” Longitudinal Welds Required
3/8” E 70 xx Fillet Weld3/8” E 70 xx Fillet Weld
Both Sides of Both ChannelsBoth Sides of Both Channels
James Dean BakerJames Dean Baker ALCOA Corporate CenterALCOA Corporate Center201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA
Architectural EngineeringArchitectural EngineeringStructural OptionStructural Option
ConnectionsConnections
Hanger ConnectionsHanger Connections
Connect to the W 24 x 55 Beams viaConnect to the W 24 x 55 Beams via
Angled Bolted ConnectionsAngled Bolted Connections
Beams are Spliced at 2 Story intervalsBeams are Spliced at 2 Story intervals
Ranging in Size fromRanging in Size from••W 12 x 30 in the Upper LevelsW 12 x 30 in the Upper Levels
••W 10 x 19 in the Bottom LevelsW 10 x 19 in the Bottom Levels
Sizes Decrease as they go down the Sizes Decrease as they go down the Building Due to Lower Cumulative Building Due to Lower Cumulative Loads on the HangersLoads on the Hangers
James Dean BakerJames Dean Baker ALCOA Corporate CenterALCOA Corporate Center201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA
Architectural EngineeringArchitectural EngineeringStructural OptionStructural Option
COST BENEFIT ANALYSISCOST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
RS Means, 2003RS Means, 2003-- $67,000 for Field Welds$67,000 for Field Welds-- $35,000 for Weld Inspections$35,000 for Weld Inspections+$53,700 for Crew & Crane+$53,700 for Crew & Crane= $48,000 = $48,000 SAVINGSSAVINGSPushes Schedule Back One WeekPushes Schedule Back One WeekSteel Erection Becomes Critical PathSteel Erection Becomes Critical Path
James Dean BakerJames Dean Baker ALCOA Corporate CenterALCOA Corporate Center201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA
Architectural EngineeringArchitectural EngineeringStructural OptionStructural Option
INITIAL SCHEDULEINITIAL SCHEDULE
James Dean BakerJames Dean Baker ALCOA Corporate CenterALCOA Corporate Center201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA
Architectural EngineeringArchitectural EngineeringStructural OptionStructural Option
FINAL SCHEDULEFINAL SCHEDULE
James Dean BakerJames Dean Baker ALCOA Corporate CenterALCOA Corporate Center201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA
Architectural EngineeringArchitectural EngineeringStructural OptionStructural Option
CONSTRUCTABILITYCONSTRUCTABILITY
PHASE ONEPHASE ONE PHASE TWOPHASE TWO
•Friction Piles
•Foundations
•Sub Level
•Columns
•Inner Beams
•North Side
•Truss Placement
•Build Back Down the Outside, Connecting
James Dean BakerJames Dean Baker ALCOA Corporate CenterALCOA Corporate Center201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA
Architectural EngineeringArchitectural EngineeringStructural OptionStructural Option
LIGHTING CONTROLSLIGHTING CONTROLSLightscape Rendering of the Daylighting in the Main Office AreasLightscape Rendering of the Daylighting in the Main Office Areas
Use of Open Loop Photo Sensors which Sense Daylight and ElectricUse of Open Loop Photo Sensors which Sense Daylight and Electric LightLight
Proportional ControllersProportional Controllers
James Dean BakerJames Dean Baker ALCOA Corporate CenterALCOA Corporate Center201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA
Architectural EngineeringArchitectural EngineeringStructural OptionStructural Option
LIGHTING CONTROLSLIGHTING CONTROLS
Proportional ControllersProportional Controllers••Produce a Voltage that is Inversely Proportional to the DetectedProduce a Voltage that is Inversely Proportional to the Detected LightLight
••Perform By Dimming the Electric Lights in a Linear Relationship Perform By Dimming the Electric Lights in a Linear Relationship According to SettingsAccording to Settings
Zoning of the Office SpacesZoning of the Office Spaces••Two Zones in the Office AreaTwo Zones in the Office Area
••Group Fixtures Run Parallel to the WindowsGroup Fixtures Run Parallel to the Windows
••Separate Control for Each Zone (outer & inner)Separate Control for Each Zone (outer & inner)
Features of ControlFeatures of Control
••Independent BehaviorIndependent Behavior
••Read their own ZoneRead their own Zone
••Target IlluminationTarget Illumination
James Dean BakerJames Dean Baker ALCOA Corporate CenterALCOA Corporate Center201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA
Architectural EngineeringArchitectural EngineeringStructural OptionStructural Option
DESIGN RESULTSDESIGN RESULTS
Floor: Floor: Full Moment Connections are Removed. Camber must be Increased tFull Moment Connections are Removed. Camber must be Increased to 5.25” for o 5.25” for
the 60 ft. interior office beamsthe 60 ft. interior office beams
Roof: Roof: Remains Largely Unchanged, Structurally. Columns are held at W Remains Largely Unchanged, Structurally. Columns are held at W 12 x 83. Span 12 x 83. Span Beams on Roof Remain W 36 x 245Beams on Roof Remain W 36 x 245
Suspension Systems: Suspension Systems: Symmetrical Dual Channel Truss Placed on Roof to Suspend Symmetrical Dual Channel Truss Placed on Roof to Suspend the Exterior of the Structurethe Exterior of the Structure
Lighting: Lighting: Controls Selected for Power Savings Controls Selected for Power Savings DuringDuring Elevated Day Light TimesElevated Day Light Times
Cost: Cost: Modest SavingsModest Savings
Foundations: Foundations: Remain UnchangedRemain Unchanged
James Dean BakerJames Dean Baker ALCOA Corporate CenterALCOA Corporate Center201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA
Architectural EngineeringArchitectural EngineeringStructural OptionStructural Option
FINAL RECOMMENDATIONSFINAL RECOMMENDATIONS
Structural: Owners ConsentStructural: Owners ConsentI Recommend to build it to Pay Homage to the Bridges of the I Recommend to build it to Pay Homage to the Bridges of the City of PittsburghCity of PittsburghConstructability Timing Becomes CriticalConstructability Timing Becomes Critical
James Dean BakerJames Dean Baker ALCOA Corporate CenterALCOA Corporate Center201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh PA
Architectural EngineeringArchitectural EngineeringStructural OptionStructural Option
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
ALL OF THE AE FACULTY AND STAFFALL OF THE AE FACULTY AND STAFFFRIENDSFRIENDSFAMILY FAMILY ATLANTIC ENGINEERING SERVICE PERSONNELATLANTIC ENGINEERING SERVICE PERSONNEL
JULES AND JEFFJULES AND JEFF--FRY FOR COMING OUT TO SEE THIS PRESENTATION. FRY FOR COMING OUT TO SEE THIS PRESENTATION. MUCH LOVE TO ALL THE PEEPS WHO PUT UP WITH MY HECTIC DAYS OF EXHMUCH LOVE TO ALL THE PEEPS WHO PUT UP WITH MY HECTIC DAYS OF EXHAUSTION.AUSTION.
I’D LIKE TO OPEN THE FLOOR TOI’D LIKE TO OPEN THE FLOOR TO
QUESTIONSQUESTIONSPLEASE PLEASE