Institute for Foreign Language Research and Education

Jaime Selwood

E-mail | jselwood@hiroshima-u.ac.jp

E-mail | jselwood@hiroshima-u.ac.jp | 2

M-Learning at a Japanese University:

Limitations & Opportunities

What is M-Learning?(It is also called M.A.L.L)

Mobile Assisted Language Learning

E-mail | jselwood@hiroshima-u.ac.jp | 3

OK...So What Does Mobile Mean..?...What exactly do you mean by Mobile..?

Is it the mobility of the device?Is it the mobility of access by the learner?

Is it the mobility of knowledge?"mobile learning refers to learning mediated via handheld devices & potentially available

anytime and anywhere"Kukulska-Hume, A & Shield, L (2008)

E-mail | jselwood@hiroshima-u.ac.jp | 4

Why is Understanding MALL Useful?

1 | Technological Development2 | Widespread Ownership3 | Portable & Convenient

M-Learning through convenient portable devices, offers

(university) students "anytime, anywhere learning". Geddes, S.J. (2004)

Enabling students to choose how, when and where they can study English. Selwood, J.J (2011)

E-mail | jselwood@hiroshima-u.ac.jp | 5

E-mail | jselwood@hiroshima-u.ac.jp | 6

MALL - It isn't Perfect...

Technical- Size- Synchronisation - Battery Life- Internet Access- O.S. Pedagogical

- Monitoring- Study Environment- Student Self Discipline- Motivation

Psychological- Fixed Study Locations- Study Time in 'Chunks'- Classroom Comforts- Phones = Not Study

Mobile Devices......There are LOTS and LOTS of them and more are coming...

Number 1 Country in the World for mobile Internet Access is...

E-mail | jselwood@hiroshima-u.ac.jp | 7

122,000,000 Mobile Subscribers*

(95% of the Population)*

121,000,000 - 99% own 3G Devices*

81% or 99,000,000 are Mobile Internet Subscribers*

2012 - 24 million Own Smartphones.An increase of 43%on 2011

*2011 Results

E-mail | jselwood@hiroshima-u.ac.jp | 8

2011 Survey Results

- 290 Undergraduates. 52% Male / 47% Female /1%..?- 97% Owned a Mobile Phone - 1.5% (5) owned iPad / Tablet

General Information

Feature Phone vs Smartphone 198 Owned (69%). 87 Owned (31%).

Do You Want to Own a Smartphone?

Yes = 120 (60%)No = 78 (40%)

2012 Survey Results

E-mail | jselwood@hiroshima-u.ac.jp | 9

General Information- 510 Undergraduates. 64% Male / 36% Female. - 100% Owned a Mobile Phone - 5% (25) Owned iPad / Tablet

Feature Phone vs Smartphone 218 Owned (43%). 292 Owned (57%).

Do You Want to Own a Smartphone?

Yes = 155 (71%)No = 63 (29%)

2011 vs 2012

Smart 31%

Feature 69%

No 29%

Yes 71%

Smart 57%

Feature 43%

Do You Want To Own A Smartphone?

No 40% Yes

60%

E-mail | jselwood@hiroshima-u.ac.jp | 10

E-mail | jselwood@hiroshima-u.ac.jp | 11

Do You Think Smartphones Will Make English Studying Easier?

No 46% Yes

54%

No 23%

Yes 77%

2011 2012

2012| What Do You Actually Use Your Smartphone For?

E-mail | jselwood@hiroshima-u.ac.jp | 12

Texting (292) | 100%

Phoning (251) | 86%

InternetPlaying Games. English Study Apps. Listening to English Podcasting.

(245) | 84%(186) | 64% (82) | 28% (32) | 11%

English News Weekly Podcast• Weekly English Language Podcast•Each Week: Current Affairs Topic• 15 mins Total.• News Story Item: 3 min approx. • Relaxed & Normal Speaking Pace• Free to Download• Free PDF Each Week.

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Using Smartphones in ClassGeneral Information

Male60%

Female40%

60 StudentsM: 36F: 24

Feature53%

Smart47%

No25%

Yes75%

Mobile OwnershipSmartphone: 28Feature: 32

Used SmartphoneYes: 21No: 7

E-mail | jselwood@hiroshima-u.ac.jp | 14

2012| Student Social Networking...

Yes: 291 | 57%No: 219 | 43%

Yes: 284 | 55%No: 226 | 45%

Yes: 276 | 54%No: 234 | 56%

MALL - ...But it is the Future. Really...

E-mail | jselwood@hiroshima-u.ac.jp | 14

Abdous, M. Camarena M. & Facer BR. (2009). MALL Technology: Use of Academic Podcasting in the Foreign Language Classroom. ReCALL 21(1) 76-95. http://bscw.rediris.es/pub/bscw.cgi/d3978998/Abdous_alii2009_MALLTechnologyPodcasting.pdf

Corbeil, JR. & Valdes-Corbeil, ME. (2007). Are You Ready for Mobile Learning? Educause Quarterly. 30(2) 51-58 http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/eqm0726.pdf

Gao, G. Tian, Y. Huang, T. & Yang, Q. (2009). Vlogging: A Survey of Videoblogging Technology on the Web. ACM Journal Name. 0(0) 21–63. http://idm.pku.edu.cn/jiaoxue-MMF/2009/CSUR-2006-0023.pdf

Geddes, S. J. (2004). Mobile Learning in the 21st Century: Benefit for Learners. The Knowledge. Tree e-journal. 6. http://knowledgetree.flexiblelearning.net.au/edition06/download/Geddes.pdf

Japan Guide Website. (2011) www.japan-guide.com

Kakihara, M. & Sørensen, C. (2002) Mobility: An Extended Perspective. IEEE. Published in The Proceedings of the Hawai'i International Conference on System Sciences. January 7-10, 2002, Big Island, Hawaii, USA.

Kukulska-Hulme, A. (2009). Will Mobile Learning Change Language Learning? ReCALL. 21(2). pp. 157-165. http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1017/S0958344009000202

Kukulska-Hume, A. & Shield, L. (2008). Will Mobile Learning Change Language Learning? ReCALL. 21(2).

http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1017/S0958344009000202Levy, M. & Kennedy, C. (2005). Learning Italian via Mobile SMS. In Kukulska-Hume, A. &

Traxler, J. (editors). Mobile Learning: A Handbook for Educators and Trainers. London. Routledge. 76-83. Mills, D. & White, J. (2011). Get Smart!: Smartphones in Japanese Universities. Short

Paper Presentation. JALT Conference. Tokyo 2011. Mobi Thinking Statistics Webiste. (2011)

http://mobithinking.com/mobile-marketing-tools/latest-mobile-stats#smartphone-shipments Reitsma, R. (2011) Forrester Blogs.

http://blogs.forrester.com/reineke_reitsma Rosenberg, M. (2011). Negative Population Growth: 20 Countries Have Negative or Zero

Natural Increase. About.com Website. http://geography.about.com/od/populationgeography/a/zero.htm

Rosenbloom, A. 2004. The blogosphere. Communications of the ACM 47. 12. 31–33. So, S (2009). The Development of a SMS –Based Teaching and Learning System.

Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange. 2(1). 113-124. http://www.sicet.org/journals/jetde/jetde09/simon.pdf

Total Telecom Website, (2011). www.totaltelecom.com

TCA Japan Statistics Bureau Website (2011). www.sta.go.jp

Thornton, P. & Houser, C. (2005). Using Mobile Phones in English Education in Japan. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning. 21(3). 217-228. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2729.2005.00128.x

Wikipedia website, (2011) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feature_phone Wang, S & Higgins, M. (2006). Limitations of Mobile Phone Learning. The JALT CALL

Journal. 2(1). 3-14. Zhang, K. (2008) Ubiquitious Technology for Language Learning: The U-Japan Movement

in Higher Education. Journal of Computing in Higher Education. 20(2). 81-91.

References

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