An Innovative Detector for the measurement ofHigh Energy Cosmic Rays

J.A. Garzón Heydt. Univ. Santiago de CompostelaJuanantonio.garzon@usc.es

M. A. López Agüera. Univ. Santiago de Compostela

Research Project : New lines of work

Project

Proyecto

Meiga

DAQ ElectronicsNetwork

Power supplies

Modular design

The Trasgo is an innovative detector based on timing RPCs suitable for measuring high energy particles with timing, tracking and some particle identification capabilities.

Main ingredients:

- timing RPCs, affordable to cover big surfaces and with time resolution ~100ps.

- TimTrack: Fast tracking algorithm with capability of reconstructing the space coordinates and direcions, velocity and time arrival (TimTrack)

- MIDAS: Some capability of separate cosmic muons, electrons and protons by a multisampling method(Midas)

- GSI-TRB The GSI-TRB Data Acquisition board with capability of reading 128 FEE channels

TRASGO Project : The concept

RPCchamber

~900mm

(Aproximate layout)

~900mm

TRASGO Project : Ingredients. The timing RPC

Proposed RPC cells properties:Simplification of the HADES RPC design:

- 2-gap cells with alternate glas-aluminum-glas plates- 0.3mm gap width- Planes with 4 chambers of ~20cmx80cm- Standard gas mixture: Freon-SF6-Ibutane, 85/10/5

Main RPC requirement:- Time resolution < 100ps

Chamber

Plane

Chamber detail

Strip or Cell

T readout

T’ readout

Chamber side view

Gas flow

HV

Al

Glas

Glas

Cell

Strip

IsolatingCover

13 HADES RPC cells and FEE electronics ready for tests

1 readout channel

TimTrack is a fast LSM algorithm for the tracking of charged particles providing:

- Particle arrival position and slopes(X0,X’,Y0,Y’)

- Particle arrival time (T0)- Particle velocity (V)

We call SAETA (Smallest ArrangEment of daTA)each set of the 6 parameters (direction, offset time and velocity) provided by the algorithm

TRASGO Project : Ingredients. TimTrack

DAQ and

Power Supplies

TRASGO Project : Ingredients. TimTrack

Analytical LSM fit of tracks providing 6 parameters: X0,X’,Y0,Y’,T0,V

Y

X

Y0

X0

X’

Z

Y’T0,V

T1

T’1

T’2T2

E1

E2

Z1

Z2

k coefficients: Dependent on the layouta coefficients: Dependent on the data

Data: Ei, Ti, Ti’Parameters: X0,X’,Y0,Y’,T0,V

TRASGO Project : Ingredients. TimTrack

Trasgo’s resolutions (β=1. Units: ps, cms and radians)

1 TRB / 128 channels 2 TRBs / 256 channels

δtRPC Planes/Trasgo δT0 δv/v(%) δx δx’ δT0 δv/v(%) δx δx’

4 70 7 9.4 0.03 70 7 5.4 0.02

6 58 5 9.9 0.04 58 5 6.0 0.02200ps

8 50 6 10 0.04 50 6 6.5 0.02

435 3.6 7.1 0.024 35 3.6 4.7 0.02

630 3.1 6.9 0.025 30 3.1 5.0 0.02

100ps

825 3 6.4 0.024 25 3 5.1 0.02

MIDASTRASGO Project : Ingredients. MIDAS

Muon Electron

Time delay and Chi2 analysis

MIDAS performs a comparative analysis of fit quality and velocity

MIDAS: Multisampling IDentification of pArticles

Simulation done with Matlab/Octave including:- Multiple scattering [PDG]- Energy loss (Bethe Bloch)- Detector resolution

Mean Flux of Cosmic Rays at the Sea Level(I: Flux in m-2s-1sr-1, R: Range in cm-Pb)

Electrons Muons Protons PhotonsEGeV

I ∆I I ∆I β I ∆I β I ∆I

0.1 6 99 0.87 1.9 0.43 8

5 13 1 6.9

0.5 1 86 0.986 0.9 0.76 1.1

0.6 17 0.4 0.7

1 0.4 69 0.996 0.5 0.87 0.4

0.3 23 0.25 0.3

2 0.1 46 0.999 0.25 0.95 0.1

0.08 26 0.15 0.08

5 0.02 20 0.9998 0.1 0.987 0.02

1011.4

8.6 0.99995 0.03 0.996

Trasgo. Ingredients: The GSI-TRB (Tdc Readout Board)

Optical link to other TRBs

4x32 channels

4 x 32ch/HPTDCs(4xFPGAs in future versions)

ETRAX Processor

Ethernet (100MBits/s)

Buffer memories

FPGA (Board controller)

Data Input

Link to externalcomputer

Trasgo. Ingredients: The GSI-TRB (Tdc Readout Board)

EthernetTwisted pair flat cables

RPC signals

HADES RPC cells

Acquisition board

TRB

MB

MB

DB

DB

DB

DB

DB

ExternalComputer

General Layout of the Data Acqujsition in HADES and TRASGO

Trasgo. Ingredients: The GSI-TRB (Trigger & Readout Board)Hades experiment, RPC Test with cosmics at GSI

Research Project : New lines of work

ProyectoMeigaProject

E=1015eV1 Particle/m2.year

E=1018eV1 Particle/Km2.year

E=1020eV1 Particle/Km2.century

The Primary Cosmic RaysFluxes

Primary Cosmic Rays: Energy and Mass

Knee

The scatter of points on a plot of the average logarithm of the nuclear mass number of the primary cosmic rays versus energy clearly shows the need for more input from accelerators.

[CCOU02]

Secondary Cosmic Rays: Composition

MEIGA facility(Multipurpose particlE Identifying trasgOs Array)

Trasgos

MEIGA is an array to test the Trasgos performances measuring Cosmic Ray showers around de Knee.1st. stage MEIGA-1 to be installed in the Campus with ~ 10 Trasgos (3 years)

MEIGA facility: Data acquisition structure

1

3

2

5

4

8

6

7

3

12

4

?

44

Meiga facility: Some multiplicity estimates

TRASGO and MEIGA capabilities for Cosmic Ray PhysicsEAS Characterization:- Lateral distribution measurement- Multiplicity and density measurement - Time and spatial structure of the shower- Some identification of particles

Possible tasks of interest for Astroparticle Physics (MEIGA2 and further):- Sistematic shower measurement: structure, rate….- Time structure of nucleons: i.e. EPOS model and others- Analysis of the front of the EAS: L. Cazón model- Calibration of Cherenkov tanks of P. Auger South and North?

Advantages / Disadvantages of TrasgosCons:- High ratio Price/Volume or Price/Surface- High power consumption: To big photovoltaic cells needed (1st. stage)Pros:-Multiparametric data: strong interpolation capabilities (needs enough density)

- Good for testing simulation packages - Some Identification of particles: electrons/muons/protons- Modular. Easily extendable and portable- Infrastructure developed for Trasgos could be easily extended to other purposes/detectors

MEIGA-2 with 36 TRASGOS

MEIGA-2 Compared to Kascade

- Possible extension of MEIGA-2 withP. Auger tanks

(Possible use of MEIGA-2 for the analysisof the performances of the P. Auger tanks

Temptative Trasgo and Meiga shedule

1st stage (3 years) 2nd stage

Timing RPCs cells 2 gaps / 200 ps 2 gaps / 100ps / Sealed

FEE Electronics HADES FEE Low consum upgrading

Tracking TimTrackImplementation in FPGAs

TimTrackImplementation in GPUs

Particle Identification MIDAS MIDAS + Particle Probability

Data Acquisition TRB/HPTDCs TRB/FPGA (GSI)

Shower reconstruction First naïve version Shower reconstructionSoftware development

Meiga ~ 10 Trasgos 20 – 50 Trasgos

Meiga Low density Medium/High Density

The Meiga Collaboration

- The Meiga Collaboration -List of representatives

-Univ. of Santiago de Compostela / Spain-J. Díaz Bruguera: G. Arquitectura de Ordenadores / Dept. Electronics-V. Pérez Muñuzuri: G. Meteogalicia / Dept. Materia Condensada-J.A. Garzón Heydt: G. LabCAF / Dept. Particle Physics-E. Zas Arregui: G. Astroparticle Physics / Dept. Particle Physics

-Univ. Coruña / Spain-A. Yañez Casal: G. Aplicaciones Industriales del Laser / E. Politénica de Ferrol

-Univ. Vigo / Spain-A. Ulla Miguel: G. Astronomía y Astrofísica / Dept. Física Aplicada

-LIP-Coimbra / Portugal-P. Fonte: RPCs development group

-Engineering Company-R. Lorenzo: Tecnociencia / Ames- Spain

TRASGO DEVELOPMENT: TASKS DISTRIBUTION

- Trasgo design: labCAF/USC- tRPCs development: labCAF/USC +LIP/Coimbra- Electronica FEE: labCAF/USC- TRB modifications: labCAF/USC, G. Arquitectura de Ordenadores/USC + GSI - Tracks reconstruction Software : labCAF/USC- Trasgo box design and manufacturing: G. Aplicaciones del laser: E. Politecnica-Ferrol/UDC- Power supply development: G. Astropartículas/USC + TecnoCiencia- MonteCarlo development: GAstroparticulas/USC + labCAF/USC- Data Analysis: G. Astroparticulas/USC + labCAF/USC- C.Rays-Climate correlations analysis : G. Astronomia y Astrofísica/ U.Vigo :

S. MeteoGalicia/USC-Xunta de Galicia

Trasgo-Meiga Project. Summary of Benefits

-- Development of a new technology detector:--- Analysis of Cosmic Rays around de Knee

- - Test of new technologies useful for HEP and N. Physics- - TimTrack:

- - MIDAS:

-- Development of a small facility in the campus of the U. Santiago de-Compostela

-- 1st. step of a bigger hybrid (+ some P. Auger tanks or other- detectors) facility? Possible seed of a new CR facility in elsewhere- (F.ex. H.E. Gamma Array in Pirenees or S. Nevada) ?

- Other fields: Climate studies, Muon reconstruction improvement in HEPSpectrometers, CR dosimetry in Computing centers …

- - Training of Ph.D and PostDocs in the development of detectors and new - technologies and techniques related with the detection, measurement- and reconstrucion and analysis of EAS

THE END

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And the dreams that you dare to dream , really do come true

(The Wizard of Oz)