j udicial b ranch r eview. under the articles of confederation, what courts had all the authority?
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
JUDICIAL BRANCH REVIEW
![Page 2: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?
![Page 3: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
State Courts…no Judicial Branch
![Page 4: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Judicial branch was created under which article of the Constitution?
![Page 5: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Article III
![Page 6: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
How does the Judicial branch check the Executive branch?
![Page 7: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Supreme Court can declare executive acts unconstitutional
![Page 8: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
How does the Executive branch check the judicial branch?
![Page 9: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
President appoints justices
![Page 10: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Today, the US has a _____ system of courts.
![Page 11: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
dual
![Page 12: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Having a dual system of courts means we have both _________ and __________ courts.
![Page 13: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Federal and state
![Page 14: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
What is the difference between federal and state courts?
![Page 15: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Federal courts decide on cases involving the constitution and federal laws. The state courts decide on cases involving state laws.
![Page 16: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
What are the two types of cases heard in any court?
![Page 17: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Civil and Criminal
![Page 18: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
What is the difference between civil and criminal cases?
![Page 19: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Civil cases are between two parties and criminal cases are when the accused has broken a law.
![Page 20: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Congress created the federal district courts through what act?
![Page 21: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Judiciary Act of 1789
![Page 22: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
What is a federal crime?
![Page 23: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
a crime that is either made illegal by U.S. federal legislation or a crime that occurs on U.S. federal property.
![Page 24: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
What does jurisdiction mean in the judicial branch?
![Page 25: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
• The authority of the courts to hear certain cases
![Page 26: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
What are the 3 types of jurisdiction?
![Page 27: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Original, appellate, and concurrent
![Page 28: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
What is original jurisdiction?
![Page 29: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
The court that has the right to hear the case for the first time
![Page 30: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
What is appellate jurisdiction?
![Page 31: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Courts that review cases that have been appealed in lower courts
![Page 32: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
What is concurrent jurisdiction?
![Page 33: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
A case that can be tried on the federal or state level.
![Page 34: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
What courts have original jurisdiction?
![Page 35: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Federal district courts and the Supreme Court
![Page 36: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
What courts have appellate jurisdiction?
![Page 37: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Federal court of appeals and Supreme Court
![Page 38: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
How many district courts does each state have?
![Page 39: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
At least one…it depends on the population
![Page 40: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
How long do federal district court judges serve?
![Page 41: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
For “life”
![Page 42: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
What is a defendant?
![Page 43: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
The party being charged or accused
![Page 44: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
How many people serve on a standard jury?
![Page 45: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
12
![Page 46: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
How many jurors decide an appellate case?
![Page 47: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
none
![Page 48: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
A panel of how many judges decides appellate cases?
![Page 49: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
3
![Page 50: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
A vast majority of cases heard by the supreme court are what type of cases?
![Page 51: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
appellate
![Page 52: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
How many justices preside over the Supreme Court?
![Page 53: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
9…1 chief justice and 8 associate justices
![Page 54: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Who is the current chief justice?
![Page 55: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
John Roberts
![Page 56: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Name 2 associate justices (can just be last names)
![Page 57: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
• ANTONIN SCALIA• ANTHONY M. KENNEDY• CLARENCE THOMAS• RUTH BADER GINSBURG• STEPHEN G. BREYER• SAMUEL A. ALITO, JR.• SONIA SOTOMAYOR• ELENA KAGAN
![Page 58: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
What are the qualifications for being a judge?
![Page 59: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
There aren’t any
![Page 60: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Why do judges serve for “life”?
![Page 61: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
allows judges to be free from political pressures when deciding cases (don’t have to worry about being re-elected)
![Page 62: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
How are judges removed from the bench?
![Page 63: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Impeachment AND conviction
![Page 64: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
What are 2 things the president considers when nominating a supreme court justice?
![Page 65: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
• Party affiliation – chooses judges from their political party
• Judicial philosophy – chooses judges who share their political ideology
• Race, gender, religion, region• Judicial experience – previous experience as
judge or attorney• “litmus test” – chooses a judge based on their
view on 1 single issue (ex. Abortion)• Acceptability – chooses a judge who is non-
controversial and will be easily confirmed by the Senate
![Page 66: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Who was the first African American supreme court justice?
![Page 67: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Thurgood Marshall
![Page 68: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Who was the first female supreme court justice?
![Page 69: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Sandra Day O’Connor
![Page 70: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
What are the two reasons most cases brought to the Supreme Court are not heard?
![Page 71: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
1.) Justices agree with the lower court decision.
2.) Justices believe the case does not involve a significant point of law
![Page 72: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
How many justices have to agree to hear the case in order for it to be heard?
![Page 73: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
4 out of 9
![Page 74: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
What is a writ of certiorari?
![Page 75: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
an order by the Court (when petitioned) directing a lower court to send up records of a case for review
![Page 76: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
What is a case brief?
![Page 77: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
• A detailed statement of the facts of the case supporting a particular position by presenting arguments based on relevant facts and citations from previous cases
![Page 78: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
What are the three types of opinions of the Supreme Court?
![Page 79: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
1.) Majority Opinion – opinion agreed upon by a majority of the justices
2.) Concurring Opinion – written by a justice or justices who agree with the majority opinion, but not with the reasoning behind the decision
3.) Dissenting Opinion – written by a justices or justices who disagree with the majority opinion
![Page 80: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Name a famous case decided by Chief Justice Earl Warren
![Page 81: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
• Brown v. Board of Education (1954) – ended segregation in public schools
• Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) – states required to provide attorneys for those accused of a crime
• Miranda v. Arizona (1966) – police have to inform anyone questioned of their rights in order to use the information in court
![Page 82: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Name a famous case decided by Chief Justice Warren Berger
![Page 83: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
• Roe v. Wade (1973) – declared abortions legal with special time constraints
• U.S. v. Nixon (1974) – ruled that President Nixon’s private recordings were not protected under presidential privilege and ordered them be turned over to the house investigators
![Page 84: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Name a famous case decided on by Chief Justice William Rehnquist
![Page 85: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
• Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992) – upheld and ruled constitutional a Pennsylvania law requiring a minor to wait 24 hours after receiving parental approval before getting an abortion – but ruled unconstitutional a provision that required a woman to obtain “informed spousal consent” before having an abortion
• Roper v. Simmons (2004) –declared that the death penalty was unconstitutional for anyone under the age of 18
![Page 86: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
What is the difference between Judicial Activism and Judicial Restraint?
![Page 87: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Activism is having an active role in legislature. Restraint is operating strictly within the constraints of the Constitution.
![Page 88: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
How many courts of appeals are there?
![Page 89: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
12
![Page 90: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
What is a plaintiff?
![Page 91: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
The party bringing the charges
![Page 92: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
How does the Judicial Branch check the legislative branch?
![Page 93: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Judicial branch can declare laws unconstitutional
![Page 94: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
How does the legislative branch check the judicial branch?
![Page 95: J UDICIAL B RANCH R EVIEW. Under the Articles of Confederation, what courts had all the authority?](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf9e1a28abf838c941e2/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Congress has to approve judicial appointments