j frankowski evaluate workshop gdansk
TRANSCRIPT
Energy vulnerability of the urban areas in Gdansk.First results of the EVALUATE project.
Districts: Wrzeszcz / Przymorze
Jan FrankowskiDr Sergio Tirado-Herrero
University of GdanskUniversity of Manchester
EVALUATE methods – Poland
Desk researc
h
Statistical data analysis
IDI (N=50)
Survey (N=600
)
Etnography
(energy diarys)
Workshop with
stakeholders
Gdańsk – 2 case studies (Wrzeszcz & Przymorze)
Source: own elaboration based on EVALUATE survey; layer: OpenStreetMap, scale: 1:250000.
PAPI
EVALUATE – survey Spatial
distrubiution representativen
ess
March 2015
Wrzeszcz (GDA)• 300 valid cases (households)• 762 people• 98 to 100% valid responses across variables
Przymorze (GDB)• 300 valid cases (households)• 755 people• 99 to 100% valid responses across variables
Household characteristic Wrzeszcz
Przymorze
Household size (persons per household)
2.4 2.52
Households with children under age 5
8% 12%
Households with children between 5-13 years old
18% 18%
Average age of the respondent (years old)
52 52
Households with pensioners 51% 68%
Socio-demographic composition
Highest level of completed education
Wrzeszcz
Przymorze
Primary education 9% 2%
Secondary education 63% 57%
Tertiary education 25% 37%
WRZESZCZ
0-45-9
10-1415-1920-2425-2930-3435-3940-4445-4950-5455-5960-6465-6970-7475-79
80+
-2500-2000-1500-1000 -500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
50.189 inhabitants (2013)
42% of inhabitants lives here more than
20 years
secondary/vocational education is the most
popularThe most studentified district
in Gdansk (Grabkowska, Frankowski 2015)
male female
PRZYMORZE
44.946 inhabitants (2013)45% lives here longer than 20
yearsin 32% HH – somebody who
finished studies~50% –
retirees/pensioners
0-45-9
10-1415-1920-2425-2930-3435-3940-4445-4950-5455-5960-6465-6970-7475-79
80+
-2500-2000-1500-1000 -500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
male female
Building age and typologyYear of construction Wrzeszcz Przymorze
After 1991 r. 1% 7.7%
1951-1991 46.3% 86.3%
Before 1951 24.3% 0%
I don’t know 28.3% 6%
Primary residence of the households Wrzeszcz Przymorze
Apartment in a building with multiple flats 90% 86%
Individual family home 10% 14%
Who owns your house? Wrzeszcz Przymorze
your household 51% 37,7% housing co-operative (with owner rights) 16.1% 34%
the municipality or the state 7% 0%
rented from private landlord 7.7% 7.7% rented from a housing co-operative/association etc. 18% 20.6%
Heating source – Wrzeszcz
6%
1%9%
14%
69%
electricitywoodcoalgasdistrict heating
Source: own elaboration based on EVALUATE survey; layer: OpenStreetMap, scale: 1:40000.
Heating source – PRZYMORZE
Source: own elaboration based on EVALUATE survey; layer: OpenStreetMap, scale: 1:40000.
2% 1%1%3%
94%
electricitywoodliquid fuelgasdistrict heating
Przymorze
Net monthly monetary income
less than 1250 PLN
1251 – 2500 PLN
2501 – 3750 PLN
3751 – 5000 PLN
5001 – 6250 PLN
6251 – 7500 PLN
higher than 7501
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Net monthly monetary incomevs energy spendings
Przymorze
less than 1250 PLN
1251 – 2500 PLN
2501 – 3750 PLN
3751 – 5000 PLN
5001 – 6250 PLN
6251 – 7500 PLN
higher than 7501
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
10 – 20% 20 – 30% 30 – 40% 40 – 50% more than 50%
Net monthly monetary income
Wrzeszcz
Mniej niż 1250 PLN
1251 – 2500 PLN
2501 – 3750 PLN
3751 – 5000 PLN
5001 – 6250 PLN
6251 – 7500 PLN
Więcej niż 7501 PLN
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Net monthly monetary incomevs energy spendings
Wrzeszcz
Mniej niż 1250 PLN
1251 – 2500 PLN
2501 – 3750 PLN
3751 – 5000 PLN
5001 – 6250 PLN
6251 – 7500 PLN
Więcej niż 7501 PLN
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
less than 10% 10 – 20% 20 – 30%30 – 40% 40 – 50% more than 50%
Evidence that Wrzeszcz is more energy-poor district
Expenditure vs. consensual
(Number of cases)Wrzeszcz Przymorze
YES NO YES NOEnergy costs < 20% income
166 15 182 2
Energy costs > 20% income
101 17 106 7
Ability to keep home adequately warm
Ability to pay energy bills on time in the last 12 months (Number of cases)
Wrzeszcz Przymorze
YES NO YES NOEnergy costs < 20% income
175 6 182 2
Energy costs > 20% income
111 7 108 5
Disaggregated results (1)
Household typesWrzesz
czPrzymor
zeWrzesz
czPrzymor
ze Households with little children
17.4% 0% 21.7% 39%
Households with children (age:5-13)
15.9% 2.6% 50% 32.5%
Households with students 8.8% 2.7% 30% 33.3%
Households with pensioners 13.9% 4.5% 32.4% 45.5%
Monthly net monetary income
Wrzeszcz
Przymorze
Wrzeszcz
Przymorze
Less than 1250 PLN 44.4% 22.2% 44.4% 77.8%
1250 PLN – 3750 PLN 11% 2.2% 41.9% 42.9%
Higher than3750 PLN 8.7% 2.1% 40.6% 22.3%
Highest level of education
Wrzeszcz
Przymorze
Wrzeszcz
Przymorze
Primary and secondary 11% 3.4% 32.6% 39.7%
Tertiary 9.4% 2.8% 29.7% 32.4%
Inability to keep home warm
Energy costs >20% income
Year of constructionWrzeszc
zPrzymor
zeWrzesz
czPrzymor
ze After 1991 0% 4.5% 0% 43.4%
1971-1990 8.7% 5.1% 66.0% 42.2%
1951-1970 5.5% 2.4% 47.2% 35.7%
1931-1950 8.8% -- 35.6% --
1901-1930 18% -- 13.6% --
Before 1900 0% -- 16.7% --
Who owns your house?
Wrzeszcz Przymorze
Wrzeszcz
Przymorze
Your household 6.6% 3.5% 51.3% 47.8%
Housing cooperative 12.5% 3.9% 50% 39.2%
The municipality or the state
33.3% -- 23.8% --
Rented 12% 0% 13.3% 19.4%
Disaggregated results (2)
Inability to keep warm home
Energy costs >20% income
Heating method Wrzeszcz
Przymorze
Wrzeszcz
Przymorze
Individual electric heaters 16.7% 0% 41.7% 50%
Individual wood stove 0% 0% 75% 40%
Individual coal /solid fuel stove 34.6% -- 46.2% --
Individual liquid fuel stove -- -- -- --
Individual gas stove 3.8% 0% 30.8% 25% Electric-powered central heating 22.2% 0% 22.2% 25%
Liquid-powered central heating -- 0% -- 100%
Gas-powered central heating 6.3% 0% 43.8% 50%
District heating 8.2% 3.2% 39.1% 37.2%
Disaggregated results (3)
Inability to keep warm home
Energy costs >20% income
Unheated/partially heated rooms
Unheated roomsPartially unheated
rooms
0 1 20%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Wrzeszcz Przymorze
0 1 2 3 40%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Wrzeszcz Przymorze
Energy poverty is rather not the reason of unheating rooms
Additional energy poverty-related indicators
% households Wrzeszcz
Przymorze
Dwelling not comfortable warm during winter
31.7% 17%
Dwelling not comfortable cool during summer
24.3% 26.3%
Dwelling not heated during the day when it is cold outside
44% 23.3%
Not paying energy bills on time 4.3% 2.3%
Electricity disconnected due to unpaid bills in the last 12 months
1.3% 1.7%
Receiving housing/energy benefit 1.3% 1.7%
Receiving other forms of social assistance from the state/city
14.3% 7.3%
Cutting down any other expenditures (in order to pay energy biliis)
10.7% 3.0%
new
exte
rnal w
indow
s
new
heati
ng s
yst
em
insu
lati
on
sola
r panels
new
appliance
s
Przymorze
0%20%40%60%80%
100%
last 10 years next 5 years not planned
PrzymorzeWrzeszcz
Energy efficiency
higher purchasing
power parity
Households B & C changed external windows
Willingness to buy is not forced by
high energy bills (!) – it depends on the
awareness
new
exte
rnal w
indow
s
new
heati
ng s
yst
em
insu
lati
on
sola
r panels
new
appliance
s
Wrzeszcz
0%20%40%60%80%
100%
last 10 years next 5 years not planned
Source: competition for families with many childeren „Save water and energy together” organised by Caritas and financed by WFOŚiGW
Source: competition for families with many childeren „Save water and energy together” organised by Caritas and financed by WFOŚiGW
Energy companies are treating low-income consumers fairly
Energy poverty is acknowledged by the government
Energy poverty is a problem in our country
The state should do more to support households who cannot pay for energy
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
strongly disagree disagree distance with itagree strongly agree I don't know
Perceptions and opinions (general)
Perceptions and opinions (1)
The state should do more to support households who cannot pay for energy
Zdecydowanie się nie zgadzam Zdecydowanie się zgadzam0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
WrzeszczPrzymorze
Strongly disagree Strongly agree
Perceptions and opinions (2)
Energy poverty is a problem in our country
Zdecydowanie się nie zgadzam Zdecydowanie się zgadzam0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
WrzeszczPrzymorze
Strongly disagree Strongly agree
Perceptions and opinions (3)
Energy poverty is acknowledged by the government
Zdecydowanie się nie zgadzam Zdecydowanie się zgadzam0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
WrzeszczPrzymorze
Strongly disagree Strongly agree
Perceptions and opinions (4)
Energy companies are treating consumers fairly
Zdecydowanie się nie zgadzam Zdecydowanie się zgadzam0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
WrzeszczPrzymorze
Strongly disagree Strongly agree
Expected results• Wrzeszcz is more energy vulnerable (people pay more for the energy
and use more different heating sources, housing stock is in bad condition, the inequalities are more visible);
• Przymorze with smaller dwellings, covered by district heating, with more egalitarian society and relatively well-situated pensioners is in comfortable situation;
• People who introduce energy-efficient solutions are rather well-situated.
What is interesting• Hard to say which group is the most endangered of energy poverty
(households with pensioners/children from Wrzeszcz)• Geography matters – „hot-spots” of energy poverty inside the districts• To find energy poverty in Gdansk we should pay more attention to
municipal dwellings (old housing stock) deprived of district heating network
• Expenditures on energy are not the highest in „vulnerable” group• In opinions, government is rather aware of the problem – energy as one
of the key sectors in political discourse;Further analysis• Systematic bivariate and multi-variate analysis
Preliminary findings
Thank youurban-energy.org || kge.ug.edu.pl@stiradoherrero@[email protected]@ug.edu.pl