ivrit express 6: asking yes-no questions
DESCRIPTION
A brief lesson on asking yes-or-no questions in Biblical Hebrew. Learn by example and then dig into the underlying grammar!TRANSCRIPT
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עבריתEXPRESS
Lesson 6: Asking Yes-No Questions
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The Ivrit Express series presents compact lessons in Biblical (not Modern) Hebrew grammar. It aims to reinforce (not replace) your classroom experiences.
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This lesson introduces the basics of asking yes-or-no questions.
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Relax, watch, and listen as you advance through the next few slides.
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יש לי כבש
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היש לךכבש
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אין ליכבש
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היש לוכבש
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אין לו כבש
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היש לךכבש
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יש לי כבש
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היש להכבש
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יש להכבש
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האתההמלך
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אני המלך
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ההיאהמלכה
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היא לאהמלכה
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האתהמלכה
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אני לאהמלכה
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ההואהמלך
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הואהמלך
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I recommend that you go through the foregoing picture slides at least three times before advancing to the grammatical discussion.
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In this case, tone of voice provides important cues to the picture lesson.
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In English, you turn a statement into a yes-or-no question by changing the word order and adding a question mark. You can’t hear a question mark in English, so we also use a rising pitch at the end of the question.
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In ancient times, written Hebrew did not have any punctuation marks. The “half-syllable” ה, affixed to the beginning of a statement, turns the statement into a yes-or-no question.
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If I say יש לו כבש, I am stating that a particular man (“he”) has a sheep. If I say היש לו כבש, I am asking whether he has a sheep.
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In some cases, such as before subject pronouns, the ה can change to ה or even ה.
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The trickiest thing here is that the definite article, the word “the,” is usually a prefixed - .ה
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In pointed Biblical Hebrew, the letter following the definite article ה usually gets a דגש (there’s one in the first letter of דגש itself). That can usually help you distinguish between the “question mark” ה and the definite article ה.
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To practice recognizing the distinction, review slides 14-21 of this lesson.
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In consonantal written Hebrew, you’ll generally have to rely on context to distinguish the two.
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Review slides 14-21, and take note of how the man and woman on the edges answer the questions posed by the man in the middle.
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In Biblical Hebrew dialogue, yes-or-no questions aren’t actually answered with a mere “yes” or “no.” Instead, they’re answered with a short but complete sentence or, sometimes, just one significant word.
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So when asked האתה המלך, the king answers אני המלך. Biblical Hebrew doesn’t use just a simple “yes.” (Modern Hebrew does.)
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Likewise, when asked the woman answers ,האת המלכה.לא not just ,אני לא המלכה
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Answers like these may seem a bit formal if you’re used to conversational English, but they’re good Biblical Hebrew style—and good practice when answering questions in class or on homework assignments!
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CREDITSScripted and narrated by
Dr. Chris Heard, Pepperdine University
Partially funded bya Pepperdine University
Faculty Innovation in Teaching and Learning Grant
Artwork licensed viaiStockphoto