ivb mtinstrumentales 2010 2 [modalità compatibilità]
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IVb MTInstrumentales 2010 2 [Modalità Compatibilità]TRANSCRIPT
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- Instrumentales
- Overcoring- Flat JackFlat Jack- Hydraulic Fracturing- Breakout
Geomecanica, P. Meza A., 2010
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Geomecanica, P. Meza A., 2010
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Stress state-scale relations.
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1: Overcoring1: Overcoring
Geomecanica, P. Meza A., 2010
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Overcoring
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)Overcoring
1)
Sobreperforacion:
1: hueco de gran diametro, 2)
g ,2: hueco de pequeno diâmetro3: ejecucion de sobreperforacion
3)3)
Geomecanica, P. Meza A., 2010
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b) (b) medidor de deformacion
Overcoring
b) ( )USBM - BDG;
(c) gráfico de recuperacionc) (c) gráfico de recuperacion de la deformacion durantela sobreperforacion
furo
+ 500
c)
sobrefuraçãoDistância de
rost
rain
)di
â met
ro d
o f
2015105
- 500
0
(mic
rM
udan
ça n
o
- 1000
vertical
3u 2u
1u
Geomecanica, P. Meza A., 2010
- 1500
3u 2u
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d)(d) célula triaxial;Herget (1988)
Overcoring
yic
al "strain gauges"
x
z
verti
e) (e) célula biaxial - doorstoppere)
do furodireção
verti
c al
"strain gauges"
(e) célula biaxial - doorstopper Herget (1988)
Geomecanica, P. Meza A., 2010
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SISTEMA USBMDG
SENSOR ROSETA DE DEFORMACION
Overcoring
SENSOR: ROSETA DE DEFORMACION DE RESISTENCIA ELECTRICA
BOTONES DETECTORES DE LA DEFORMACIONDEFORMACION
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REGISTRO TIPICO DE LA DEFORMACION DIAMERAL DURANTE EL PROCESO DE SOBREPERFORADO
Overcoring
DURANTE EL PROCESO DE SOBREPERFORADO SISTEMA USBMDG
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CELDA TRIAXIAL
SENSOR ROSETA DE DEFORMACION DE
Overcoring
SENSOR: ROSETA DE DEFORMACION DE RESISTENCIA ELECTRICA
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SISTEMA DE INSTALACION CELDA TRIAXIALOvercoring
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CELDA DOORSTOPERSENSOR: ROSETA DE DEFORMACION DE RESISTENCIA
Overcoring
ELECTRICA
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2 Fl t J k2: Flat Jack
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oa) b)
d
)
"FLATJACK"
bombade óleo
c)
do
nos
para
ção
dos
pin
Geomecanica, P. Meza A., 2010
Pctempo de escavação pressão no "flatjack"
Sep
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Geomecanica, P. Meza A., 2010
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Flat jack
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CONTROL DEL NIVEL DE ESFUERZOSFlat jack
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3 H d li F t i3: Hydraulic Fracturing
Geomecanica, P. Meza A., 2010
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Equipo para hacer ensayos de hidrofracturación a 6.000 m.
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bombahidráulica
a) b)
Ps=pressão de "shut in"
pressão de iniciação da fratura
c)
mangueira transdutorde pressão
bússola
Ps=pressão de shut in
pres
são
pressão de reabertura"shut in"
poro-ã
Ps"shut in"
~1,10 m
mangueirade pressão
obturadorparaimpressão
~1
de pressão
o de
CICLO 2
o
CICLO 1pressão
CICLO 3
fraturamento~0,90 m
intervalo doobturadores
,20 m razã
fluxo
tempo
paredesdo furo
(a) equipos de hidrofracturamiento (b) obturador de impresion, y( ) i t d i d d f t i t hid á li id li d
Geomecanica, P. Meza A., 2010
(c) registro de presion de un ensayo de fracturamiento hidráulico idealizado.Basado en ISRM (1987)
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La presión crítica Pc en el momento de comenzarcla fracturación.
Pc = 3·Sh-SH+Pco-Ppp
donde:
S y S : Tensiones principales horizontalesSh y SH: Tensiones principales horizontales
Pco: Resistencia hidráulica a tracción de la roca
Pp: Presión de poro del macizo rocoso
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Si se considera que:
la tensión vertical es una tensión principal igual a lala tensión vertical es una tensión principal igual a lacarga litostática,
la roca es homogénea isótropa e inicialmentela roca es homogénea, isótropa e inicialmenteimpermeable, y
la fractura generada tiene orientación perpendicular ala fractura generada tiene orientación perpendicular ala tensión principal horizontal Sh.
Se puede asumir que:Se puede asumir que:
Sh = Psi
Siendo Psi: la presión de cierre
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La presión de cierre es la presión a la que unafractura del terreno se mantiene abierta una vezque se deja de aplicar presión al fluido. Al emplearla aproximación lineal anterior las tensionesla aproximación lineal anterior, las tensionesprincipales pueden expresarse mediante lasrelaciones:
Sh = Psi
S 3 P P PSH = 3 Psi – Pr – Pp
Sν = ρ · g · z
Pr = Pc – Pco
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Este análisis tensional solo requiere conocer laEste análisis tensional solo requiere conocer ladensidad del macizo rocoso, ρ; determinar elvalor de la presión característica de cierre; Psi yvalor de la presión característica de cierre; Psi yde la presión de reapertura de las fracturas, Pr, ala profundidad z a la que se encuentra; einformación sobre la presión de poro. Laorientación de SH se corresponde con el azimutde las fracturas verticales inducidasde las fracturas verticales inducidas.
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B k O tBreak Out
Geomecanica, P. Meza A., 2010
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HhidráulicaFratura Tensão tangencial
mínima3 h - H( )
h
Tensão tangencial
3 -( )máxima
H h
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HhidráulicaFratura Tensão tangencial
mínimahidráulica mínima3 h - H( )
hh
Tensão tangencial
3 -( )máxima
H h3( )H h
Geomecanica, P. Meza A., 2010
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Observed breakout widths (~25 °) from EMI image data compared to predictedObserved breakout widths ( 25 ) from EMI image data compared to predictedbreakout width (23 °) in Juha Formation in plot on the left. Observed breakoutwidths (~30 ° ) from EMI image data compared to predicted breakout width (27 °)in Toro B Formation in plot on the right.
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A ti StActive StressMap of ItalyINGV (2004)
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Geomecanica, P. Meza A., 2010