iv. javaxisvilis saxelobis tbilisis saxelmwifo

1

iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis

socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakulteti

eka darbaiZe

saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso turistuli imiji ucxoeTis sagareo

uwyebebis veb - gverdebis mixedviT

politikis mecnierebebis doqtoris akademiuri xarisxis

mosapoveblad

disertacia

naSromi Sesrulebulia iv. javaxiSvilis sax.

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi

samecniero xelmZRvaneli:

aleqsandre kuxianiZe

Tbilisi 2014

avtoris stili daculia

2

Sinaarsi

S e s a v a l i........................................... ......................................................................................................................18

Tavi I. saxelmwifos turistuli imiji: Teoriuli da meTodologiuri

sakiTxebi

1.1. saxelmwifo imijis arsi da mniSvneloba, turistuli

imiji...........................................................................................................................................................................................19

1.2. turizmis ganviTarebis Tanamedrove mdgomareobis Taviseburebebi da

tendenciebi...........................................................................................................................................................................35

Tavi II saqarTvelos turistuli imijis formirebis ZiriTadi komponentebi

2.1. saqarTvelos turistuli imijis formirebis ZiriTadi

faqtorebi...............................................................................................................................................................................43

2.2. ucxoeTis sagareo uwyebebis veb-gverdebze saqarTvelos Sesaxeb

gavrcelebul informaciaTa dinamika 2006-2014

wlebSi........................................................................................................................................................................................48

2.3. saqarTvelos turistuli imiji sait Trip Advisor–is internet

sivrceSi..................................................................................................................................................................................80

Tavi III. saqarTvelos turistuli imiji SedarebiT konteqstSi

3.1. pozitiuri turistuli imiji, sxva qveynebis gamocdileba: safrangeTi da

Sveicaria..............................................................................................................................................................................92

3.2. saqarTvelos samxreT kavkasieli mezoblebis turistuli imiji: somxeTi

da

Aazerbaijani......................................................................................................................................................................121

3.3. saqarTvelos turizmis saerTaSoriso konkurentunarianoba msoflio

ekonomikuri forumis kvlevebSi.....................................................................................................................151

3

Tavi IV. saqarTvelos mTavrobis Zalisxmeva qveynis turistuli

konkurentunarianobis gasaumjobeseblad

4.1. saqarTvelos xelisuflebis Zalisxmeva turistuli seqtoris

ganviTarebisaTvis.......................................................................................................................................................162

4.2 sareklamo kampania, rogorc saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso turistuli

imijis popularizaciis strategiis umniSvnelovanesi

elementi.................................................................................................................................................................................179

daskvna..................................................................................................................................................................................193

rekomendaciebi.............................................................................................................................................................201

gamoyenebuli literatura..............................................................................................................................207

danarTebi..........................................................................................................................................................................216

4

S e s a v a l i

pozitiuri turistuli imijis formireba mravali wamyvani

saxelmwifos politikurი prioritetia. cnobilia, rom turistuli

industria ekonomikis erT-erT umsxviles, maRalSemosavlian da uaRresad

dinamiur sferos warmoadgens, romelic did gavlenas axdens qveynis

ekonomikur ganviTarebaze. sainformacio teqnologiebis ganviTarebam qveynis

turistuli imijis formirebis procesi ufro metad dinamiuri da

mravalganzomilebiani gaxada, rac informaciis moZiebis, gacvlisa da

gavrcelebis mravalferovani saSualebebis xelmisawvdomobaSi aisaxa.

turistuli infrastruqturis, monacemTa gacvlis saSualebebis daxvewam da

gamartivebam sxvadasxva kuTxeSi mcxovrebi adamianebisaTvis msoflio

TiTqmis “usazRvrebo” gaxada. msoflioSi, romelSic mravlad aris

sxvadasxva saxis bunebrivi Tu adamianis mier gamowveuli safrTxeebi,

dRevandeli turisti bevrad ufro gaTviTcnobierebuli da informirebulia

maT Sesaxeb da Sesabamisad, gamgzavrebis win arCevans misTvis usafrTxo da

mimzidveli turistuli imijis mqone qveyanaze akeTebs.

rac Seexeba saqarTvelos, turizmi ekonomikis aRorZinebis erT-erT

ZiriTad mimarTulebadaa miCneuli. saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi

damoukideblobis aRdgenis Semdeg, qveyanaSi ganviTarebulma movlenebma

mniSvnelovanwilad ganapiroba turizmis industriis metad mZime da

savalalo mdgomareoba. pirvel postsabWoTa wlebSi ganviTarebulma

movlenebma, saerTaSoriso arenaze saqarTvelos saxelmwifos negatiuri

imijis Camoyalibeba ganapiroba. qveyanaSi arsebuli mZime socialuri foni,

kriminalis maRali maCvenebeli, samoqalaqo omi, Sida politikuri

arastabiluroba, eTnokonfliqtebi, aTiaTasobiT devnili da usaxlkarod

darCenili adamiani, es yovelive bunebrivia negatiuri ganwyobis safuZvels

qmnida, rac faqtobrivad gamoricxavda turizmis ganviTarebas.

zemoaRniSnulma movlenebma saerTaSoriso sarbielze Selaxa saqarTvelos

saerTaSoriso turistuli imiji, ris Sedegadac saqarTveloSi ucxoel

5

turistTa Camosvlebi sagrZnoblad Semcirda. Sesabamisad, turizmis dargis

ganviTarebisaTvis qveyanaSi araxelsayreli garemo Seiqmna.

turizmis sferoSi arsebuli urTulesi gamowvevebis miuxedavad,

damoukideblobis pirvel wlebSi, Cvens qveyanaSi Seqmnili gardamavali

periodis ekonomikisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli siZneleebis gamo, bunebrivia,

swrafi tempiT ver moxerxda turistuli industriis reabilitacia.

saqarTvelo mudmivad imyofeboda saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis yuradRebis

centrSi afxazeTis, cxinvalis regionis, kodorisa da pankisis xeobaSi

arsebuli problemebiT. sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg, saqarTvelo

Camoyalibebas iwyebs, rogorc damoukidebeli suverenuli saxelmwifo,

Tumca es procesi sakmaod rTulad da mtkivneulad mimdinareobda. garda

obieqturi mizezebisa, adgili hqonda ruseTis mier inspirirebul

movlenebs, romlebic mimarTuli iyo saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriobisa da

teritoriuli mTlianobis winaaRmdeg, rac gamoixata afxazeTisa da e.w

samxreT oseTis teritoriebze separatizmis xelSewyobiT. yovelive

zemoaRniSnulma movlenebma mniSvnelovnad daaziana da Seaferxa

saqarTvelos pozitiuri imijis Camoyalibeba. xelisuflebis cvlilebis

miuxedavad, saqarTvelo uwindeburad turistebisTvis “saSiS qveyanad”

rCeboda da amis Sesaxeb informaciis miReba nebismier ucxoels SeeZlo,

sakuTari qveynis sagareo saqmeTa saministros saitidan. rac Seexeba

aRniSnul saitebze ganTavsebul informaciebTan dakavSirebiT sagareo

uwyebebis pozicias, isini acxadebdnen, rom es iyo maTi mimarTva sakuTari

moqalaqeebis mimarT, romelic mas Semdeg gaCnda, rac saqarTveloSi

ucxoelebze namdvili „nadiroba“ daiwyo.

2005 wels safrangeTis sagareo saqmeTa saministros veb-gverdze daido

yvelaze saSiSi da turistebisaTvis „akrZaluli qveynebis sia“, romelSic

avRaneTTan, iranTan da ekvadorTan erTad saqarTveloc Sedioda, Tumca

“saSiSi qveynebis” CamonaTvalidan saqarTvelo 2006 wels iqna amoRebuli.

warmatebuli imijis formirebis aucilebloba saqarTvelos winaSe

gansakuTrebiT maSin warmoiSva, rodesac dRis wesrigSi dadga evropul da

6

Crdilo-atlantikur struqturebSi integraciis sakiTxi. am organizaciebTan

mWidro TanamSromlobis gansaxorcieleblad mocemuli qveynebi im

moTxovnebs unda akmayofilebdnen, romlebsac es organizaciebi upirobod

uyeneben maTi wevrobis msurvel qveynebs.

2000-iani wlebidan, saqarTveloSi miRweuli stabilizaciis, kerZo

sakuTrebis legalizaciis, saerTaSoriso kavSirebis SesamCnevi gaZlierebis

da saqarTvelos ramdenime msxvil proeqtSi CarTvis Semdeg, saqarTvelos

mimarT saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis interesi mniSvnelovnad gaizarda.

2003 wels saqarTvelo kvlav moeqca saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis

yuradRebis centrSi, xolo saakaSvilis xelisuflebam turizmi qveynis

saxelmwifo politikis prioritetad gamoacxada. “vardebis revolucia”

aRmoCnda is movlena, romlis Semdgomac dasavlur mediaSi faqtiurad

iwyeba, saqarTvelos, rogorc demokratiis gzaze mdgomi saxelmwifos

imijis formireba. faqtobrivad swored am movlenis Sedegad gaicno axali

saxiT msofliom samxreT kavkasiSi mdebare patara, post-sabWoTa

saxelmwifo. saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mier turizmis dargi ekonomikis

ganviTarebis prioritetul mimarTulebad iqna aRiarebuli. sakiTxis

mniSvnelobis maCvenebelia is faqtic, rom 2012 wels qveynis saTaveSi

mosulma saqarTvelos axalma xelisuflebam SeinarCuna turizmi erT – erT

prioritetad da cdilobs is ekonomikis erT-erT realur segmentad aqcios.

aRniSnuli seqtoris ganviTarebas ama Tu im saxelmwifoSi didwilad

ganapirobebs misi Sida stabiluroba, usafrTxo garemo da ekonomikuri

ganviTarebis Sesabamisi done. turizmis industrias SeuZlia xeli Seuwyos

saqarTvelos stabilurobasa da usafrTxoebas, samuSao adgilebis Seqmnis,

Semosavlebis zrdis, ekonomikis diversifikaciis, garemos dacvisa da

kulturaTa daaxloebis gziT.

Sesabamisad, kvleva imisa, Tu ramdenad axdens zegavlenas ucxoeTis

saxelmwifoTa mier gavrcelebuli informaciebi qveynis turistuli

potencialis Sesaxeb, samecniero wreebs Soris erT-erT saintereso da

xSirad ganxilvad sakiTxs warmoadgens.

7

turizmis problemebze saqarTveloSi arsebobs maia melaZis (melaZe,

2008), mamuka gogelias (gogelia, 2008), marina margvelaSvilis

(margvelaSvili, 2002), Sorena metrevelis (metreveli, 2012), marina

metrevelis (metreveli, 2002) da sxvaTa naSromebi. Tumca winamdebare

naSromi praqtikulad pirvelia, romelic saqarTvelos, turistuli imijis

Seswavlasa da kvlevas isaxavs miznad.

kvlevis mizania saqarTvelos, rogorc turistuli qveynis imijis Seswavla

msoflios wamyvani saxelmwifoebis oficialuri uwyebebis veb-gverdebis

mixedviT.

sadisertacio naSromis amocanebs Semdegnairad ganvsazRvravT:

ra aris qveynis turistuli imiji da ra maxasiaTeblebiT xdeba qveynis

pozitiuri turistuli imijis formireba;

rogor mimdinareobda ucxoeTis wamyvani saxelmwifoebis oficialuri

veb-gverdebis mixedviT saqarTvelos, rogorc turistuli qveynis imijis

formirebis procesi 2006 – 2013 ww. da ra tendenciebiT xasiaTdeba

saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis TvalSi Cveni qveynis turistuli imiji dRes;

saqarTvelos turistuli imijis dinamikis warmoCena, im pozitiuri

Strixebis gansazRvra, rac xels uwyobs qveynis mimzidveli turistuli

imijis formirebas da Seswavla faqtorebisa, romlebic uaryofiT gavlenas

axdenen saqarTvelos, rogorc turizmisaTvis usafrTxo da mimzidveli

qveynis imijze.

naSromSi kvlevis kiTxvebi SeiZleba formulirdes Semdegnairad:

ra maxasiaTeblebiT xdeba qveynis pozitiuri imijis formireba;

ra faqtorebi axdens zegavlenas qveynis turistuli imijis

cvlilebaze;

ramdenad axdens zegavlenas saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mier

warmoebuli sareklamo kampania qveyanaSi ucxoeli turistebis

nakadebis zrdaze;

8

ramdenad dinamiuria ucxoeTis wamyvani saxelmwifoebis oficialuri

uwyebebisa da aseve socialur qselebSi ucxoeli turistebis mier

gavrcelebuli informaciebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb.

naSromis hipoTeza:

hipoTeza SeiZleba Semdegnairad Camoyalibdes:

qveynis pozitiuri imiji formirdeba sami komponentis zegavleniT,

esenia: ucxour oficialur veb-saitebze mocemuli informaciebi

saqarTveloSi arsebuli viTarebis Sesaxeb. saqarTveloSi namyofi

ucxoeli vizitorebis mier TavianTi STabeWdilebebis gadmocema

socialur qselebSi. saqarTvelos mier ganxorcielebuli sareklamo

kampania qveyanaSi ucxoeli turistebis mosazidad;

qveynis saerTaSoriso turistul imijze zegavlenas axdens

saxelmwifos mier Catarebuli reformebi (gansakuTrebiT anti-

kriminaluri da anti-korufciuli reformebi), igi aseve ukavSirdeba

qveyanaSi usafrTxoebis donis zrdas, infrastruqturis ganviTarebas,

ramac xeli Seuwyo saqarTvelos saxelmwifo imijis gaumjobesebas;

oficialur veb-gverdebze ganTavsebuli informaciebi gamoirCeva

inertulobiT da Znelad icvleba, xolo qveyanaSi Camosul turistTa

STabeWdilebebi bevrad ufro dinamiuria. am gziT rogorc pozitiuri,

ise negatiuri informacia ufro advilad vrceldeba qveynis farglebs

gareT da aRwevs saqarTveloSi Camosvlis msurvelebamde. ruseTis

mier saqarTvelos konfliqturi რegionebis okupacia turistuli

qveynis imijisaTvis mudmiv safrTxes warmoadgens.

kvlevis dizaini, meTodologia da struqtura

qveynis imijis kompleqsuri bunebidan gamomdinare, samecniero wreebSi

ganixileba qveynis turistuli imijis ramdenime Teoriuli modeli. maT

Soris gavleniania eTner da riCis Sexeduleba (Echtner and Ritchi 1991),

romlebic gamoyofen qveynis turistuli imijis formirebis sam ZiriTad

komponents:

9

atributebi, mTliani kompleqti - Sedgeba adgilis individualuri

atributebis aRqmisa da ufro meti saerTo STabeWdilebisagan. Teoria

atributebis Sesaxeb - efuZneba im kvlevebs, romelic Catarebulia

momxmareblis qcevasa da fsiqologiaSi imis dasadgenad, Tu rogor

aRiqvaven individebi produqts, romelsac gaaCnia individualuri

maxasiaTeblebi da saerTo aRqmebi. inidividualur atributebs

miekuTvneba klimati, turistuli RirSesaniSnaobani, landSafti an

adgilobrivi mosaxleobisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli keTilganwyoba.

turistuli daniSnulebis adgilis SemTxvevaSi saerTo aRqmebi

warmoadgenen mentalur suraTs, gamosaxulebas, romelic adamians

konkretuli adgilis Sesaxeb gaaCnia;

funqciuri-fsiqologiuri nakrebi Sedgeba im elementebisagan,

romlebic Semowmebadi da naklebad materialuria, magram rTulad

gazomvadi;

saerTo-unikaluri nakrebi ki Sedgeba daniSnulebis adgilis

imijisagan, romelic ranJirebulia saerTodan-unikaluramde da

efuZneba turizmis sferoSi Catarebul kvlevebs erovnuli

simboloebis Sesaxeb. am nakrebis safuZvelze SesaZlebelia

daniSnulebis adgilis imijebis klasificireba da maTi dayvana

„saerTo“ funqciuri da fsiqologiuri maxasiaTeblebidan bevrad

ufro unikalur maxasiaTeblebamde (Echtner and Ritchi, 1991). saerTo

maxasiaTeblebSi moiazreba adgilobrivi fasi, satransporto

infrastruqtura, klimati, adgilobrivi xalxis keTilganwyobis done,

usafrTxoeba, momsaxurebis xarisxi da reputacia. unikaluri nakrebis

magaliTs CineTisaTvis warmoadgens (funqciuri maxasiaTeblebi) didi

kedeli, braziliisaTvis rios karnavali da a.S.

qveynis turistuli imijis formirebis procesisas, reinoldi

(Reynolds,1965)efuZneba sainformacio nakadis mier miRebul garkveul

STabeWdilebebs. qveynis, rogorc daniSnulebis adgilis imijis SemTxvevaSi

am “sainformacio nakadis” miwodeba sxvadasxva wyaroebidan xorcieldeba,

10

masSi moiazreba, rogorc sareklamo literatura (samogzauro broSurebi,

plakatebi), sxvaTa mosazrebebi (ojaxis wevrebis, megobrebis), aseve mas-media

(gazeTebi, wignebi, televizia, filmebi). amasTan, turistuli daniSnulebis

adgilze stumroba gavlenas axdens da cvlis pirvelad (arsebul

informaciasa) gamocdilebas. qveynis, rogorc turistuli daniSnulebis

imijis formireba ori komponentis meSveobiT xorcieldeba: erTis mxriv es

aris – mimwodebeli mxare (mimzidvelobis faqtorebi), da meores mxriv ki –

moTxovnis mxare (stimul faqtorebi). arsebobs aseve mesame damoukidebeli

komponenti, romelsac SeuZlia gavlena iqonios miRebul informaciaze.

dagegmili da miRebuli imiji ar aris yovelTvis erTi da igive, radganac

man SesaZloa, garkveuli modifikacia ganicados. imijis maformirebeli

faqtorebi piradi gamocdilebidan warmoiqmneba, Tumca maTi Camoyalibeba

sainformacio wyaroebis an komerciuli informaciis gareSec Tavisuflad

SesaZlebelia.

aRniSnuli sakiTxis gasaanalizeblad naSromSi viyenebT imijis Sesaxeb

ganis (Gunn 1972) “dimorful Teorias”. gani gamohyofs qveynis, rogorc

turistuli daniSnulebis adgilis imijis formirebis or gzas, romelic

dafuZnebulia turistisaTvis miwodebuli informaciis Sinaarsze:

organuli imiji (Organic): warmodgena turistuli marSutebis da

zogadad qveynis turistuli imijis Sesaxeb SesaZlebelia Seiqmnas,

rogorc uSualod turistuli vizitebis Sedegad, aseve gare

wyaroebidan miRebul informaciaze dayrdnobiT, rogoricaa

gadacemebi, beWdviTi media, “msoflios piri” (World of mouth-sityvierad

gadacemuli informacia igulisxmeba-mosmenili informacia) da aseve

turistuli daniSnulebis adgilze adgilobrivi mcxovreblebis mier

miwodebuli informacia; gani (Gunn, 1972) amtkicebs, rom turistuli

marSutebis Sesaxeb warmodgenis Seqmna gangrZobadi procesia da misi

formireba xdeba warmodgenis proeqciidan (oficialuri “wyaroebidan”

Tu sxva saxis wyaroebidan, rogoricaa sainformacio media,

CamomsvlelTa piradi gamocdileba da piradi kontaqtebi) am

11

warmodgenis miRebamde Camoyalibebuli samogzauro miznebis mqone

turistebis mier, iseTi media saSualebebis, romelTac SeswevT Zala

potenciur turistebs miawvdinon xma.

induqciuri imiji (Induced): gani aseve aviTarebs mosazrebas, rom

qveynis turistuli imiji viTardeba ara mxolod turistuli

marSutebisa da uSualod vizitebis Sedegad, aramed igi aqve

gamohyofs im Camrev faqtorebs, romlebic xels uwyoben qveynis

turistuli imijis formirebas, rogoricaa qveyanaSi moqmedi

turistuli Tu sxva saxis institutebi, reklamirebisa da

sakomunikacio teqnikis gamoyenebiT.

aRniSnuli naSromi ganis (Gunn 1972) Teorias emyareba, romlis

gamoyenebiT Sevecade warmomedgina, rom qveynis turistuli imiji

formirdeba iseTi umniSvnelovanesi komponentebisagan, rogoricaa:

ucxour oficialur veb-saitebze gadmocemuli informaciebi

saqarTveloSi arsebuli viTarebis Sesaxeb, saerTaSoriso organizaciebis

angariSebi da aseve socialur qselebSi saqarTveloSi namyofi

ucxoelebis mier gadmocemuli STabeWdilebebi. aRniSnuli komponentebi

SesaZloa miviCnioT, rogorc organul imijad (orgnaic), romlis marTva

qveynis xelisuflebis mier faqtobrivad SeuZlebeli da ukontroloa,

xolo saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mier qveynis farglebs gareT,

ucxoeTis sxvadasxva saxelmwifoebSi turistebis mosazidad

ganxorcielebuli sareklamo kampaniebi da piar aqciebi SeiZleba

miCneuli iqnas, rogorc induqciur imijad.

sadisertacio naSromze muSaobisas gamoyenebuli iqna kvlevis ramdenime

meTodi, kerZod, empiriul nawilze muSaobisa da misi damuSavebisas

gamoyenebuli iqna kvlevis Tvisebrivi meTodi. kvleva ZiriTadad

ganxorcielda Tvisebrivi kontent-analizis meTodze dayrdnobiT, meoradi

monacemebis safuZvelze, romelic oficialuri dokumentebis da msgavsi

teqsturi, Tu video da audio masalebis Sinaarsis gaanalizebis saSualebas

iZleva. Tvisebrivi კontent analizi gamoyenebulia wyaroTa ramdenime

12

jgufSi, aRniSnuli meTodiT damuSavda Cvens mier SerCeuli ucxoeTis

saxelmwifoebis sagareo uwyebebis oficialur veb-gverdebze ganTavsebuli

masalebi, msoflio ekonomikuri forumis mier gamoqveynebuli yovelwliuri

angariSebi saqarTvelos turistuli konkurentunarianobis Sesaxeb da aseve

saqarTvelos Sesaxeb ucxour mediaSi ganTavsebuli masalebi.

sadisertacio naSromSi aseve gamoyenebulia komparativistuli meTodi,

romlis daxmarebiT saqarTvelos msgavsad, Seswavlili iqna: msoflio

wamyvani saxelmwifoebis oficialur veb-gverdebze turistebis mier yvelaze

monaxulebadi qveyana, kerZod, turistTa Semosvlebis kuTxiT msoflios

top-aTeulSi mesame poziciaze myofi safrangeTi, aseve, daaxloebiT

saqarTvelos sididis qveyana - Sveicaria. aRniSnuli qveynebis turistuli

potencialis, maTi gamocdilebis Seswavla, Sedareba da gaziareba didad

waadgeba saqarTvelos xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebs samomavlod

turistuli politikis saxelmwifo strategiis SemuSavebis procesSi.

komparativistuli meTodia naSromSi gamoyenebuli ucxoeTis wamyvani

saxelmwifoebis sagareo uwyebebis veb-gverdebze samxreT kavkasiis mezobeli

qveynebis turistuli imijis Seswavlisa da maTi saqarTvelos turistul

imijTan Sedarebisas. somxeTsa da azerbaijans saqarTvelosTan SedarebiT

gansxvavebuli sastarto pirobebi hqondaT, isini Cveni qveynis msgavsad

aqtiurad zrunaven turizmis ganviTarebaze, Tumca amave dros turizmis

sferoSi saqarTvelos konkurentebad gvevlinebian.

sadisertacio naSromSi gamoyenebul damokidebul cvladebad

SesaZloa miviCnioT qveynis saerTaSoriso turistuli imiji, romelic

damokidebulia qveynis mTlian imijze da Sesabamisad SeuZlia dabla

daswios qveynis saerTaSoriso turistuli imiji.

aRniSnul naSromSi damoukidebeli cvladad SeiZleba miviCnioT

qveyanaSi arsebuli usafrTxoebis mdgomareoba, aseve saqarTvelos

xelisuflebis mier qveynis farglebs gareT ganxorcielebuli

marketinguli kampaniebi, rogoricaa saerTaSoriso turistuli gamofenebi

da bazrobebi, Tu sareklamo video-rgolebi, romlebic xels uwyoben

13

qveynis saerTaSoriso turistuli imijis cnobadobis amaRlebasa da mis

zrdas. naSromSi damoukidebel cvlads miekuTvneba aseve is informaciebi,

romlebic saqarTvelos farglebs gareT vrceldeba da romelic Tavis

mxriv SesaZloa or nawilad davyoT, es gaxlavT:

1. is oficialuri informaciebi, romelsac ucxoeTis saxelmwifoTa

oficialuri veb-gverdebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb avrceleben, aseve

saerTaSoriso organizaciebis mier gamoqveynebuli Sefasebebi saqarTvelos

turistuli konkurentunarianobis Sesaxeb;

2. es aris araoficialuri saxis informaciebi, romlebic

saerTaSoriso vizitorebis mier socialur qselebSi vrceldeba, sadac

isini saqarTveloSi vizitis Semdeg miRebuli STabeWdilebebis Sesaxeb Riad

saubroben da farTod ganixilaven sxvadasxva wreebSi. amgvarad,

zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, SesaZloa vamtkicoT, rom Cvens mier SerCeu-

li cvladebi mTlianobaSi qveynis saerTaSoriso turistul imijis ZiriTad

maformirebel faqtorebs warmoadgenen.

naSromze muSaobisas, gamoyenebuli iqna wyaroTa ramdenime jgufi:

Teoriul nawilze muSaobisas gamoviyeneT wyaroTa pirveli jgufi,

romelSic Sedis iseTi cnobili dasavleli mecnierebis samecniero -

kvleviTi Sromebi, monografiebi, statiebi da saxelmZRvaneloebi,

rogorebic arian saimon enholti (Anholt, 2010), barbara jenes (Barbara Jenes,

2013), baloglu (Baloglu, 1999), nagasima (Nagashima, 1970), papadopulesi da

heslopi (Papadopoulos, Heslop, 2002), balabani (Balabanis), martin eroglu (1993),

roTi da romeo (1992), kotleri (Kotler, Donald, 1993). am naSromebma didi

daxmareba gamiwies imijis Teoriuli aspeqtebis gacnobisas, qveynis imijis

formirebis procesis Seswavlisas, aseve sxvadasxva problemaTa Teoriul

gaazrebasa da analizSi.

wyaroTa meore jgufi moicavs dasavleTis wamyvani qveynebis sagareo

saqmeTa saministroebis mier gakeTebuli oficialur gancxadebebs da

rekomendaciebs turizmTan dakavSirebiT, es qveynebia:

14

avstraliis sagareo saqmeTa da vaWrobis departamenti (internet

wyaro);

amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departamenti (internet

wyaro);

germaniis federaciuli respublikis sagareo federaluri ofisi

(internet wyaro);

kanadis sagareo saqmeTa da vaWrobis saministro (internet wyaro);

inglisis gaerTianebuli samefos sagareo da Tanamegobrobis ofisi

(internet wyaro);

irlandiis sagareo saqmeTa da vaWrobis departamenti (internet

wyaro);

safrangeTis sagareo saqmeTa saministro (internet wyaro);

Sveicariis konfederaciis federaluri deparatamentebis oficialuri

veb-gverdebi (internet wyaro).

naSromze muSaobisas damuSavda SerCeuli ucxoeTis saxelmwifoebis

sagareo uwyebebis oficialur veb-gverdebze ganTavsebuli masalebi.

aRniSnuli qveynebis SerCeva moxda im faqtis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom Cven

avirCieT dasavleTis wamyvani qveynebi, romlebic kvlevis procesis dawyebis

periodSi flobdnen msgavsi saxis servis turistebisaTvis.

turistuli kanonmdeblobisa da standartebis ukeT gacnobisa da maTi

identifikaciisaTvis sadisertacio naSromis wyaroTa mesame jgufad

gamoyenebuli iqna: qveynis ZiriTadi sakanonmdeblo baza, romelic dRes

turizmis sferos aregulirebs. es gaxlavT 1997 wels miRebuli

saqarTvelos kanoni „turizmisa da kurortebis Sesaxeb“, romelic

aregulirebs turizmisa da sakurorto saqmianobis sferoSi arsebul

urTierTobebs da aseve 1998 wels miRebuli saqarTvelos kanoni

„kurortebisa da sakurorto adgilebis dacvis zonebis Sesaxeb.“ aRniSnuli

kanoni gansazRvravs saqarTvelos kurortebisa da sakurorto adgilebSi

sawarmoTa ganTavsebis, samewarmeo saqmianobis, bunebrivi samkurnalo

resursebiT sargeblobisa da mosaxleobis gansaxlebis aucilebel

15

pirobebs. “turizmis qartia”, romelsac Cveni qveyana 1994 wlis 25 ianvris

saqarTvelos parlamentis dadgenilebiT SeuerTda, romlis mixedviTac

qveyanam sakuTar Tavze aiRo rigi valdebulebebi, romelic savaldebuloa

Sesrulebuli iqnas qartiis monawile yvela qveynis mier.

kvlevis procesSi saqarTvelos turistuli potencialis da turizmis

politikis Seswavlis mizniT gamoyenebuli iqna saqarTvelos turizmis

erovnuli administraciis mier Catarebuli samuSaoebis yovelwliuri

angariSebi, statistikuri masalebi, aseve saerTaSoriso asparezze

saqarTvelos turistuli potencialis cnobadobis amaRlebisa da misi

imijis popularizaciis mizniT ucxour presaSi gamoqveynebuli statiebi da

Catarebuli sxvadasxva saxis marketinguli kampaniebi.

wyaroTa meoTxe jgufi moicavs internet sivreceSi saerTaSoriso

mogzaurTaTvis erT-erTi yvelaze aqtualur da maRalreitingul sait Trip

Advisor-is forumze 2006-2013 ww. ganTavsebul masalebs, romelsac sxva

saerTaSoriso turistul forumebTan SedarebiT yvelaze meti, daaxloebiT

100 milionze meti momxmarebeli hyavs. msoflios sxvadasxva qveynebidan

saqarTveloSi namyofi turistebi sakuTar STabeWdilebebze socialur

qselebSi Riad saubroben da ganixilaven saqarTveloSi miRebul

STabeWdilebebs, romlebic Seicavs rogorc pozitiur, ise negatiur

informacias Cveni qveynis Sesaxeb.

naSromSi aseve gamoyenebuli iqna msoflios ekonomikuri forumis mier

gamoqveynebuli oficialuri dokumentebi, yovelwliuri angariSebi da

statistikuri masalebi saqarTvelos turistuli konkurentunarianobis

indeqsis Sesaxeb, romelic mniSvnelovani instrumentia saxelmwifos

xelisuflebis mier SemuSavebuli im politikis gasazomad, romelic

mimzidvels xdis mogzaurobisa da turizmis seqtoris ganviTarebas

qveyanaSi. saqarTvelos turizmis saerTaSoriso konkurentunarianobis

detalurma Seswavlam saSualeba mogvca mkafiod dagvenaxa da ufro

realurad aRgveqva saqarTvelos turistuli imijis kuTxiT arsebuli

problemebi da gamowvevebi. Tu ras miaRwia am TvalsazrisiT saqarTvelom

16

aRniSnul seqtorSi da xelisuflebis mxridan romel sferos esaWiroeba

ufro meti yuradReba da Zalisxmeva.

wyaroTa meoTxe jgufi aseve moicavs 1995 - 2001 wlebSi dasavlur presaSi,

rig gamocemebSi gamoqveynebul statiebs, rogoricaa (Le monde, le monde

Diplomatique, Libération, The Times, Washigton Post). am gamocemebSi ganTavsebuli

statiebis Seswavla damexmara damedgina, Tu rogori iyo saqarTvelos

saerTaSoriso saxelmwifoebrivi imiji postsabWoTa periodSi,

mniSvnelovnad abrkolebda turizmis industriis ganviTarebas Cvens

qveyanaSi. aRniSnuli gamocemebis SerCeva moxda im principis safuZvelze,

rom es publikaciebi rogorc frangul, aseve inglisurenovan gamocemebs

warmoadgenen, romlebSic Zalian aqtiurad xdeboda msoflioSi mimdinare

mniSvnelovani procesebis gaSuqeba. swored sadisertacio naSromze

dawyebisas SesaZlebeli aRmoCnda am gazeTebis eleqtronul arqivebSi

zemoaRniSnuli periodiT daTariRebuli statiebis moZieba.

miuxedavad dasavluri gamocdilebisa, aRniSnuli kvleva faqtiurad

pirvelia Cvens qveyanaSi, romelic saqarTvelos saerTaSiriso turistuli

imijis Seswavlas isaxavs miznad. kvlevis Sedegebi SeiZleba gamoyenebuli

iqnas qveyanaSi turistuli politikis Seswavlisa da misi efeqturobis

daxasiaTebisas; igi aseve daxmarebas gauwevs turizmis sferos ganviTarebis

politikis samomavlo programebis SemuSavebas da waadgeba turizmis

politikis sakiTxebze momuSave mkvlevarebs.

publikaciebi: sadisertacio kvlevis ZiriTadi debulebebi, winadadebebi da

rekomendaciebi gamoqveynebulia samecniero statebisa da bruSuris saxiT,

aseve ganxilulia 3 saerTaSoriso konferenciaze:

1. darbaiZe, e. (2009). qveynis imiji Tanamedrove msoflioSi, politologiis

instituti, Tbilisi

2. darbaiZe, e. (2009). saqarTvelos imiji dasavleTis qveynebis sagareo

uwyebebis veb-gverdebis mixedviT, politologiis instituti, politikis

mecnierebaTa sakiTxebi N 2, Tbilisi

17

3. darbaiZe, e. (2010). qveynis imiji globalizaciis procesSi -

saqarTvelos universitetis gamomcemloba, Tbilisi

4. darbaiZe, e. (2012). politikuri stabiluroba da qveynis turistuli

imiji, saerTaSoriso samecniero recenzirebadi Jurnali „inteleqtuali“ N

XX, Tbilisi

5. darbaiZe, e. (2012). Teoriuli imijologia, gamomcemloba “universali”,

Tbilisi

disertaciis moculoba da struqtura. naSromi warmodgenilia qarTul

enaze, nabeWdi teqstis 240 gverdze.

sadisertacio naSromi Sedgeba: Sesavlis, oTxi Tavis (10 paragrafis),

daskvnis, gamoyenebuli literaturis siis da danarTebisagan (10 diagrama da

1 cxrili). naSromi ilustrirebulia 18 cxriliT, 4 suraTiT, 1 grafikiT

da 10 diagramiT, gamoyenebuli literaturis nusxa moicavs 122 dasaxelebas.

18

Tavi I.

saxelmwifos turistuli imiji: Teoriuli da meTodologiuri sakiTxebi

$ 1.1. saxelmwifo imijis arsi da mniSvneloba, turistuli imiji

saxelmwifos saerTaSoriso imijis formirebas didi mniSvneloba

eniWeba, vinaidan Tanamedrove pirobebSi pozitiuri damokidebulebis Seqmna

saerTaSoriso sazogadoebisa da politikuri wreebis yuradRebis centrSi

moqcevis winapirobaa. saxelmwifos pozitiuri imiji xels uwyobs mis

damkvidrebas da garkveuli poziciebis dakavebas saerTaSoriso ekonomikur

bazarze. es gansakuTrebiT iseTi saxelmwifosaTvis aris mniSvnelovani,

rogoric saqarTveloa, romelmac arc Tu didi xnis win daiwyo

damoukidebel, demokratiul saxelmwifod Camoyalibebis procesi.

saxelmwifos pozitiuri imiji xels uwyobs vaWrobis, turizmis ganviTareba-

sa da investiciebis Semodinebas qveyanaSi. 21-e saukunis saerTaSoriso

ekonomikur da kulturul urTierTobebSi saxelmwofos imiji gadamwyvet

faqtorad iqca, swored amitom aris, rom yvela saxelmwifos Zalisxmeva

mimarTulia pozitiuri erovnuli imijis formirebisaken.

saqarTvelos pozitiuri saerTaSoriso saxelmwifoebrivi imijis

formirebis aqtualoba kidev ufro gaizarda, radgan Cveni qveynis mimarT

damokidebuleba saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis mxridan radikalurad

icvleboda da xSirad meryeobda qveynis SigniT mimdinare politikuri

procesebis gaTvaliswinebiT. es kidev ufro sagrZnobi gaxda bolo wlebis

ganmavlobaSi, rodesac saqarTveloSi mimdinare politikuri procesebi

farTod Suqdeboda da Suqdeba msoflios wamyvani saxelmwifoebis media

saSualebebis mier.

19

pozitiur saxelmwifoebriv imijs mravali upiratesoba gaaCnia: igi

xels uwyobs meti turistis Semosvlas qveyanaSi, izidavs

maRalkvalificiur personals, cnobil mkvlevarebsa da investorebs da rac

mTavaria, sabolood axdens meti fulis Semodinebas qveyanaSi da iwvevs

adgilobrivi mosaxleobis socialuri mdgomareobis gaumjobesebas. swored

amitom, qveynis imijis marTva da xelSewyoba nebismieri xelisuflebis

politikur prioritets unda warmoadgendes. saxelmwifos pozitiuri imiji

xels uwyobs valutis stabilurobis gazrdas saerTaSoriso bazarze, kidev

ufro amyarebs investorTa ndobas konkretuli qveynis mimarT da

mniSvnelovnad amaRlebs saerTaSoriso reitingebSi misi ndobis maCvenebels.

yovelive es adeqvaturad zrdis mocemuli qveynis politikur gavlenas

saerTaSoriso sazogadoebaSi da exmareba ucxour kompaniebTan

partnioruli urTierTobebis damyarebaSi. qveynis imijsa da mis reputacias

SeuZliaT mniSvnelovani gavlena iqonion qveynis socialur, kulturul da

politikur momavalze, samwuxarod, ar arsebobs standartuli, mza

formula warmatebuli qveynis imijis mosapoveblad.

inglisuri sityva Image–s mravali datvirTva gaaCnia, igi aRniSnavs

saxes, rols, reputacias, niRabs, fasads, motivs, tipaJs, ampluas, dadgams

da sxv. imijis obieqti SeiZleba iyos rogorc calkeuli adamiani,

magaliTad qveynis lideri, aseve Tavad saxelmwifo. saxelmwifos imiji ga-

nisazRvreba, rogorc yvela saxis aRwerilobiTi da informaciuli warmod-

gena konkretuli qveynis Sesaxeb. adgilis imiji warmoadgens yvela saxis em-

ociur da esTetikur maxasiaTebelTa jams: Sexedulebebi, ideebi, mogonebebi

da STabeWdilebebi, romlebic adamians gaaCnia konkretuli adgilis mimarT.

swored individebi ayalibeben imijs, romelic efuZneba da emyareba maT pi-

rad gamocdilebas. stabiluri da keTilsaimedo qveynis imiji xels uwyobs

am saxelmwifoSi investiciebisa da turistebis mozidvas. imiji informaciis

gadamuSavebis bunebriv produqtad gvevlineba, radgan moqalaqes Sexeba aqvs

ara uSualod politikosTan an movlenasTan, aramed maT asaxvasa da

gaSuqebasTan presasa da televiziaSi. swored aqedan gamomdinareobs

20

masobrivi informaciis saSualebebis mniSvneloba politikaSi, radganac

informaciis mzardi roli avtomaturad zrdis sazogadoebis yvela

sainformacio komponentis mniSvnelobas. am mxriv arc imijia gamonaklisi,

radganac presisa da televiziis saSualebiT is erTis mxriv iqneba ufro

daxvewili, xolo meores mxriv eyrdnoba obieqtur kanonzomierebasa da

procesebs, riTac is gansxvavdeba xelovnebisagan da ixreba mecnierebisaken.

adamiani cxovrobs ara mxolod realur, aramed simbolur samyaroSic da

imiji am simboluri samyaros erT-erTi ganuyofeli nawilia. SesaZlebelia

mTeli rigi situaciebis gamoyofa, rodesac adamianebi imijze reagireben da

ara realobaze.

sainteresoa imis Seswavla, Tu ra aspeqtebi gansazRvravs qveynis

imijis formirebas, ra Taviseburebebi iCens Tavs am procesSi, ra

kriteriumiT fasdeba dadebiTi imiji an aseTis ar arsebobis SemTxvevaSi ra

dabrkolebebs SeiZleba waawydes qveyana.

qveynis pozitiuri imijis Seqmna da damkvidreba iseve mniSvnelovani

da aucilebelia, rogorc calke warmodgenili saqonlis, momsaxurebisa da

kandidatisa. es maTi identificirebis saSualebas iZleva. am SemTxvevaSi

qveyanas warmovidgenT, rogorc konkretul saqonels, masac aseve sWirdeba

Sesabamisi saxiT SefuTva, brendingi da dawinaureba, raTa advilad aRqmadi

da misaRebi iyos auditoriisaTvis. auditoriis saxiT am SemTxvevaSi

warmogvidgeba danarCeni msoflio.

saxelmwifos imiji gansazRvravs sxva qveynebTan urTierTobis dones.

qveynebTan urTierTobebSi yovelTvis wina planzea sakuTari

saxelmwifoebrivi interesebi. swored Tavisi interesebis gamo erTi qveyana

cdilobs Selaxos meore qveynis imiji, raSic mas exmareba cru informaciis

gavrceleba masmediis saSualebebiT. xSirad, qveynis imijis Selaxva xels

uwyobs qveynis politikur-ekonomikuri sisuste, adekvaturi zomebis

moumzadebloba da xSir SemTxvevaSi ignorireba.

qveynis imijSi akumulirdeba sxvadasxva kulturul-istoriuli

faqtorebi da igi ufro srul warmodgenas iZleva arsebul xelisuflebaze,

21

ekonomikaze, sagareo politikaze, jarze da am saxelmwifos funqcionirebis

sxva sferoebze. rac ufro zust SesabamisobaSia sazogadoebis interesebTan

politikuri, ekonomikuri, socialuri, ekologiuri, demografiuli da sxva

situaciebi qveyanaSi, miT ufro dadebiTia am saxelmwifos imiji. aseTi

imiji mowmobs saxelmwifos ekonomikur siZliereze, simdidreze da

kulturis ganviTarebis xarisxze; is iTvleba misi avtoritetis maCveneblad

da aseve saerTaSoriso asparezze mis warmatebul moRvaweobaze metyvelebs.

amasTan, qveynis maRali dadebiTi imiji TamaSobs did sainformacio-

aRmzrdelobiT rols misi moqalaqeebisa da pirvel rigSi mozardi

TaobebisaTvis. is farTod gansazRvravs patriotizmis xarisxs qveyanaSi da

pativiscemas misi moqalaqeebisadmi saerTaSoriso arenaze.

qveynis imiji gamartivebulia realur suraTTan SedarebiT. is xazs

usvavs imave an sxva saxelmwifos specifikurobas an unikalurobas. garda

amisa, imiji SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc mravalmxrivi informaciis

dagroveba. imijis meSveobiT mniSvnelovani informaciis nawili daiyvaneba

garkveuli simboloebis SezRudul raodenobaze. swored amitom, imiji

savsebiT konkretulia da mudmivad ganicdis cvlilebebs mimdinare

situaciebidan gamomdinare, sxvanairad rom vTqvaT, SesaZlebelia imijis

formireba.

qveynis imiji SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc specialuri imijis tipi,

romelic moicavs qveynis produqcias, brendebs, organizaciebs da bevr sxva

rames, romelic Seqmnilia am qveynis Sesaxeb dagrovili gamocdilebisa da

azris safuZvelze; es informaciebi ZiriTadad miiReba sxvadasxva saxis ar-

xebis meSveobiT. arxebs SesaZloa warmoadgenden politikuri arxebi

(qveynis saSinao da sagareo politika), telekomunikacia, garToba (filmebi).

qveynis imiji moicavs bevr elements: erovnul simboloebs, ferebs, tansac-

mels, tipiur nagebobebs, sagnebs, literaturul piesebs. igi aseve

gulisxmobs qveynis politikuri sistemis gansakuTrebulobas, adaTebs, is-

toriul memkvireobas da bevr sxva rames.

22

qveynis pirveladi imiji-esaa kompleqsuri warmodgena qveyanaze,

rogorc mTlianobaze, romelic yalibdeba da fiqsirdeba sazogadoebis

cnobierebaSi misi pirveladi gacnobis Sedegad. Politikur-ekonomikuri

konkurenciis procesSi, sxva qveynebTan gaCaRebul sainformacio brZolaSi,

qveynis imijis maT Soris misi ZiriTadi monaxazi inaxeba, magram emateba

axali realobis anarekli. qveynis imijis Camoyalibebas SesaZloa vuwodoT

meoradi imiji.

imijis saerTo niSan-Tvisebebis Sejameba, romelic realurad

praqtikaSi grovdeba da is ZiriTadi moTxovnebi, romelic gansazRvravs

saxelmwifos imijs, SeiZleba warmodgenili iyos Semdegi saxiT:

saxelmwifos imiji SesaZloa iyos sinTezuri, dagegmili, imisaTvis,

rom warmoqmnas gansazRvruli STabeWdilebebi, simboloebis

(heraldikuri niSnebi) mimarT;

qveynis saxe unda iyos utyuari, sarwmuno, aravis ar sWirdeba iseTi

imiji, Tu is xalxSi ndobas ar iwvevs, amitom konkretuli qveynis

imiji unda gaigivdes, unda iyos cocxali da unda pasuxobdes saRi

azris moTxovnebs;

qveynis saxe unda iyos mkafio da konkretuli;

qveynis saxe unda iyos SeZlebisdagvarad gamartivebuli. yvelaze

metad efeqturia imiji, rodesac is ubralo da advilad aRsaqmeli da

dasamaxsovrebelia;

konkretulobis miuxedavad, qveynis saxe unda iyos ramdenadme

ganusazRvreli, is unda gamyardes gauTvaliswinebeli ganviTarebuli

movlenebis mimarT, mieCvios politikur cvlilebebs, SesabamisobaSi

unda iyos sxvadasxva xalxis survilebsa da gamocdilebasTan.

dRes ukve aRar aris sakmarisi mxolod gamokveTili, erovnuli

maxasiaTeblebis qona, (mag. qarTuli stumarTmoyvareoba, Sveicaruli

sizuste, germanuli punqtualuroba da a.S), saWiro gaxda sxva ufro

mniSvnelovani parametrebis arsebobac (usafrTxoebis maRali done, kanonis

23

uzenaesoba, samoqalaqo sazogadoebis ganviTareba, qveynis inteleqtualuri

potenciali da a.S).

qveynis imijs aqvs ori ganmarteba, romlis gamoc dRemde cxare deba-

tebi mimdinareobs mklevarTa Soris. pirveli midgoma saxelmwifo imijis

Sesaxeb efuZneba egreT wodebul “qolga funqcias”, romlis mixedviTac,

qveynis imijis e.w gamaerTianebeli funqcia gulisxmobs qveynis specifikuri

produqtebis, brendebis, gansxvavebuli oranizaciebisa da maTi imijis

radikalurad gansxvavebuli elementebis erTobas. meore midgomis Tanaxmad,

qveyana Tavad aris e.w “rTuli produqti”, romelsac jer kidev axasiaTebs

ufro meti sxvaoba, kompleqsuroba da maxasiaTeblebi. rac niSnavs imas, rom

misi elementebi Seqmnilia qveynis specifikuri produqtebis, brendebisa da

sxvadasxva organizaciebis meSveobiT (jenesi, 1999, gv.3). meore midgomis Ta-

naxmad ki, saxelmwifo Tavad aris “rTuli produqti”, romelic Seqmnilia

didi raodenobis elementebisagan. amgvarad, igi imiji miiCneva normaluri

produqtis imijad, mravali sxvadasxva, rTuli da CaxlarTuli maxasiaTeb-

lebiT. qveynis imijis uamravi definicia arsebobs, Tumca maT Soris

viziareb barbara jenes (2005) mier formulirebul gansazRvrebas, romelic

miiCnevs, rom qveynis imiji SesaZlebelia moviazroT imijis gansakuTrebul

tipad, romelic formirdeba erisa da qveynis Sesaxeb arsebuli

gamocdilebisa da mosazrebebis safuZvelze. aseve mniSvnelovania

sxvadasxva arxebidan miRebuli informacia, aseTi saxis sainformacio

wyaroebs miekuTvneba politika (saSinao da sagareo), telekomunikacia,

gasarTobi nawarmoebebi (filmebi) da Worebi.

qveynis imiji mocemuli qveynis Sesaxeb aRqmiTi da emociuri Sefasebaa,

es aris erTianoba cvladebisa, romlebic iZlevian im zogad warmodgenas,

romelic adamians qveynis mimarT gaaCnia. es SemecnebiTi Sefasebebi Semota-

nilia damxmare faqtorebis saSualebiT, zegavleniTi faqtorebiT, aseve sim-

boluri stimulebiT (qveynis atributebi) da socialuri stimulebiT

(magaliTad megobrebisgan gagebuli). erovnuli imiji mravalmxrivi Semad-

genlobaa iseTi konstruqtebis nakrebisa, rogoricaa musika, geografiuli

24

mdebareoba, xalxi da sxva mniSvnelovani cvladebi. SemecnebiTi Sefasebebi

momdinareobs sxvadasxva saxis sainformacio wyaroebidan, rogoricaa simbo-

luri stimuli (daniSnulebis adgilis ganviTarebis daxmarebiT) da soci-

aluri stimuli (axloblebidan da megobridan gagebuli).

suraTi N 1.

qveynis imijis elementebi

wyaro: Ndalahw, M.M.(2007). Country image and its effects in promoting a tourist destination

SemecnebiTi aRqma moicavs arsebul rwmenasa da codnas obieqtis Sesa-

xeb. emociuri imiji, meores mxriv, gulisxmobs individualur azrs sagnis

Sesaxeb, Tumca zogierTi mkvlevari am SemTxvevaSi iyenebs termins „aRweri-

lobiTs” da „SefasebiTs”. adgilis Sesaxeb imijis SemecnebiTi elementi ob-

ieqturi atributebis codnas warmoadgens, maSin rodesac, emociuri elemen-

Qqveynis imiji

sityvierad

miRebuli

informacia

aRqma da Semecneba sainformacio wyaroebi

qveynis mTavari faqtorebi

personaluri faqtorebi

geografia

ekonomika, politika

კულტურა

კლიმატი

გეოპოლიტიკა

g

M(mdebareoba) qveynis sidide (mdebareoba)

25

ti gulisxmobs codnas misi emociuri Rirebulebis Sesaxeb. SemecnebiT da

emociur imijebs Soris arsebul urTierTobebs swavlobdnen balogu, mak

qliri da beloji, romlebmac daaskvnes, rom zogierTi am sferos mkvlevari

iyenebs miRebuli gare stimulebis raodenobas, romelic gavlenas axdenen

imijis SemecnebiT da ara emociur komponentze (vudsaidi, 2000). aqedan ga-

momdinare, imijis SemecnebiTi komponenti ikavebs Camrevi rolis funqcias

sainformacio wyarosa da emociur komponents Soris.

rac Seexeba turistul xedvas, igi yalibdeba saTanado sainformacio

wyaroebis meSveobiT da Semdgom arapirdapir gavlenas axdens potenciuri

turistis mier aRqmul qveynis saerTo imijze. qveynis imiji ori saxisaa: Si-

da imiji (sakuTari imiji) da gare imiji (sarke imiji). asevea produqtis im-

ijis klasifikaciis SemTxvevaSic. qveynis Sida imiji niSnavs, Tu ras fiqro-

ben moqalaqeebi sakuTari qveynis Sesaxeb, xolo gare imiji ki niSnavs, Tu

ras fiqroben qveynis Sesaxeb ucxo qveynis moqalaqeebi.

mkvlevrebi imijis 5 samomxmareblo segments gamoyofen:

1. qveynis moqalaqeebi;

2. adgilobrivi mewarmeebi;

3. turistebi;

4. xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi da partiebi;

5. erovnuli da saerTaSoriso profesiuli da samoqalaqo organizaci-

ebi;

samomxmareblo segmentis gamoyeneba samizne jgufebad, moiTxovs da

gulisxmobs TiToeul jgufisTvis konkretuli samuSao programis SemuSave-

bas.

saxelmwifos imiji sazogadoebis warmodgenebisa da aRqmis erTianobas

warmoadgens, romelic maT konkretuli qveynis mimarT gaaCniaT. es aris war-

modgena am qveynis istoriis, geografiis, xelovnebis, musikis Sesaxeb, war-

modgena Tavad konkretuli qveynis moqalaqeebsa Tu maTTvis damaxasiaTebel

Tvisebebze. media da sanaxaobrivi industriac aris erT - erTi mniSvnelova-

26

ni elementi qveynis imijis formirebis procesSi1. momxmareblis rwmena pro-

duqtisa da qveynis Sesaxeb SeiZleba iyos aRwerilobiTi, informaciuli an

induqciuri. es STabeWdilebani iqmneba sxvadasxva saSualebebis meSveobiT.

aRwerilobiTi rwmena gamocdilebas efuZneba, maSin rodesac informaciuli

rwmena iqmneba gare wyaroebidan Semosuli informaciebis meSveobiT (media,

megobrebi). induqciuri rwmena warmoiSoba kavSirebiTi aRqmiT zogierT war-

sul ambavsa da awmyoSi arsebul stimulebs Soris. am pirdapiri da arapir-

dapiri gamocdilebebis gavlena qveynis imijis gansazRvris mniSvnelovani

faqtorebia.

xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac imiji erevaT xolme stereotipebTan. ste-

reotipi ufro farTo imijia, romelic erTxel Camoyalibebis Semdeg

Znelad icvleba. xSir SemTxvevaSi igi aris winaswar Seqmnili uaryofiTi

warmodgena, romelmac SesaZloa gamoiwvios konfliqti xalxTa Soris da

diskriminacia. misi gageba pozitiuri da negatiuri ganwyobiT xdeba, ufro

metic, imijis procesi individualur xedvaze gacilebiT metia da igi ar

warmoadgens mxolod xalxTa jgufebs.

samecniero naSromebSi naklebad vawydebiT xolme qveynis imijis cnebas,

Tumca ufro farTo yuradReba eTmoba Tavad imijis tipebis ganxilvas. sxvadas-

xva avtorTa definiciebSi, aSkarad SeimCneva ramdenime cnebis erTmaneTSi arev-

is tendencia. ZiriTadad Cven ganvasxvavebT imijis sam cnebas: produqtis imiji

PI, qveynis imiji CI da mwarmoebeli qveynis imiji COO an COOI. imijis es sami tipi

mWidrodaa erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli da erTmaneTze pirdapir Tu arapirda-

pir urTierTqmedeben. am cnebaTa arevis faqtebs vawydebiT sxvadasxva avtorTa

naSromebSi, romlebic mwarmoebeli qveynis imijs, igive qveynis imijad moixseni-

1 magaliTad sanaxaobrivi industria aSS-Si (holivudi) mniSvnelovnad exmareba amerikuli imijisformirebas da misi damsaxurebaa is faqti, rom dRes mas pozitiuri imiji gaaCnia msoflioSi. undaaRiniSnos, rom filmebisa da media Setyobinebebis umravlesobas exmareba da xels uwyobs kargad or-ganizebuli kampaniebi, romlebmac mniSvnelovnad gaaumjobeses amerikuli imiji. „amerikuli ocnebis”saqmianobis ganxorcielebisas imijmeikerebi izidaven simdidres, Zalauflebas da prestiJs. praqtika-Si zogierTi „gzavnili” im realobis gamoxatulebaa, romelic aSS-Si xdeba da romlis gaxmovanebacdRes mediis daxmarebiT xorcieldeba. yvela es gzavnili warmoadgens mniSvnelovan aspeqts qveynissaerTaSoriso asparezze warmosaCenad.

27

eben. magaliTad, balabanisi da muleri (2001) mwarmoebeli qveynis imijs gansaz-

Rvravs, rogorc „marketingul koncefcias, romelic ipyrobs gansxvavebul mom-

xmarebelTa qcevas da romelic mimarTulia sxvadasxva erebisadmi. am gansaz-

Rvrebis sapirispirod, mimaCnia, rom mwarmoebeli qveynis imiji aris produqtis

saerTo imijis Semadgeneli nawili, romelic efuZneba imas, Tu saidan Semodis

Tavad produqti. amgvarad, mwarmoebeli qveynis imiji stereotipebis Sedegia,

romelic emyareba zogierT produqts mxolod imitom, rom igi warmoiSoba moce-

muli qveynidan. Sesabamisad, am konteqstSi mwarmoebeli qveynis imiji dakavSire-

bulia produqtTan (servisTan), Tumca am mosazrebis sapirispirod, roTi da ro-

meo (1992) qveynis imijs gansazRvraven, rogorc mwarmoebeli qveynis imijs. maTi

SefasebiT, qveynis imiji aris produqtis momxarebelTa saerTo aRqma, romlis

mixedviTac calkeuli qveyanis imiji emyareba am qveynis produqciisa da marke-

tingis Zlier da sust mxareebs. qveynis imiji gaxlavT aRwerilobiTi, konkre-

tuli da informaciuli aspeqtebis erToblioba da warmodgena konkretuli

qveynis Sesaxeb.

samwuxarod cotaa kvlevebi, romelTa mizani qveynis imijis gazomvaa.

erT-erTi yvelaze koreqtuli da SedarebiT detaluri kvleva Catarebuli iqna

martin iroglus (1993) mier, romelmac gansazRvra qveynis imiji, rogorc kon-

kretuli, aRwerilobiTi da informaciuli maxasiaTeblebis kompleqsuri war-

modgena konkretuli qveynis Sesaxeb. misi ganmartebiT, mwarmoebeli qveynis imi-

ji sam ganzomilebiani konstruqciaa, romelic Sedgeba politikuri, ekonomiku-

ri da aseve teqnologiuri ganzomilebisagan. am ganzomilebaTa gaTvaliswine-

biT, igi naTlad asaxavs momxmareblis SemecnebiT aRqmebs qveynis Sesaxeb. war-

sulma kvlevam aCvena, rom mwarmoebeli qveyana ar aris produqtis xarisxis Se-

saxeb ubralod SemecnebiTi asaxva, aramed igi aseve dakavSirebulia emociebTan,

identobasTan, Rirsebis grZnobasTan da avtografiul mogonebebTan.

28

mravali cnobili mkvlevari miiCnevs, rom qveynis imijis konstruqcia Se-

icavs:

- SemecnebiT komponents, romelic moicavs momxmareblis warmodgenas

qveynis industriul, teqnologiur da aseve politikur mdgomareobaze;

- emociuri komponenti, romelic momxareblisaTvis aRwers qveynis simbo-

lur da emociur Rirebulebebs;

- konanturi komponenti, romelic qveyanasTan mimarTebaSi ipyrobs momxma-

reblis sasurvel interaqcias, qcevas.

qveynis identobis prizma Sedgeba fizikuri (geografia, wyaroebi, demog-

rafia), kulturuli (istoria, kultura, xelovneba), personaluri (saxeli,

droSa, cnobili adamianebi), urTierTmoqmedi (mmarTvelobebTan, saerTaSoriso

organizaciebTan), asaxviTi (ucxoel momxmarebelTa da sxvaTa mier kontroli-

rebadi imiji) da saerTaSoriso (xarisxi, romliTac qveyana gamoxatavs ucxoel

moqalaqeTa fsiqikas) elementebisagan. qveynis imiji pirdapir dakavSirebuli

produqtTan, aramed uzrunvelyofs mxolod produqtis Sesaxeb arapirdapiri

daskvnebis gakeTebis safuZvels. nagasimas (Nagashima 1970:3) ganmartebiT, mwarmo-

ebeli qveynis imiji aris „suraTi, reputacia, stereotipi, romelsac saqmiani ad-

amiani da momxarebeli aniWebs specifiuri qveynis produqcias. es imiji aris Seq-

mnili iseTi saxis cvladebisagan, rogoricaa warmodgenili produqti, erovnu-

li maxasiaTeblebi, ekonomika, politikuri baza, istoria da tradiciebi. zemoT

moyvanili nawilobriv Seesabameba Cvens xedvas, iseve rogorc zemoT CamoTvli-

li faqtorebi zegavlenas axdenen qveynis imijze da arapirdapir zemoqmedeben

produqtis imijze. es procesi ki SeiZleba avxsnaT, rogorc imijis gadatana.

adamians aqvs sakuTari damokidebuleba TiToeuli qveynis mimarT da rodesac

igi mocemuli qveynis produqts afasebs, produqciis warmomavloba did zegav-

lenas axdens produqtis Sefasebis Sedegze. swored es faqti metyvelebs imaze,

rom qveynis imiji gavlenas axdens produqtis mwarmoebeli qveynis imijze, rome-

29

lic praqtikulad integrirebulia mis saerTo imijSi (germanelebi arian pun-

qtualurebi, aqedad gamomdinare, mwarmoebeli qveyana warmoSobs STabeWdile-

bas, rom maT mier warmoebuli produqcia gansakuTrebulad saguldagulod Seq-

mnilia da amgvarad erTiandeba mocemuli produqtis saerTo imijTan). imijis

gadatana, zemoT moyvanili magaliTisagan gansxvavebiT, sapirispiro mimarTule-

biTac aris SesaZlebeli da amis magaliTad iaponia SeiZleba moviyvanoT. miux-

edavad imisa, rom SesaZloa iaponels saerTod arc vicnobdeT, iaponuri pro-

duqtis dadebiTma Sefasebam SeiZleba gavlena moaxdinos iaponeli xalxis

Sesaxeb arsebul warmodgenaze.

qveynis imiji, sxva imijebis msgavsad, ar aris erTganzomilebiani. mkvlev-

rebma gamoikvles zogierTi, xSirad gamoyenebuli ganzomilebani, aseve yurad-

Reba gaamaxviles qveynebisa da maTi mosaxleobis mimarT damokidebulebis ga-

zomvaze. papadopulesma (2000) aRmoaCina Semdegi ganzomileba, rom industriu-

li ganviTareba zegavlenas axdens industriul orientaciaze, baraka da malo-

tas (1986) mier gakeTebuli daskvnebi efuZneba ungreli xalxis magaliTs, rom-

elmac kvlevaSi Semdegi ganzomilebani gamoiyena: SemecnebiTi Sefaseba, emociu-

ri Sefaseba, codna qveynis Sesaxeb (gamocdileba) da saxelmwifos kavSirebi.

sxvadasxva saxelmwifoebSi mkveTad aris gamokveTili nacionaluri

maxasiaTeblebi, magaliTad, rogoricaa qarTuli stumarTmoyvareoba da

samzareulo, germanuli punqtualoba, Sveicaruli sizuste, Cinuri

Sromismoyvareoba da sxv. saxelmwifoebriv imijze moqmedma uaryofiTma

aspeqtebma SeiZleba xeli SeuSalos qveyanaSi dadebiTi procesebis

mimdinareobas, mag: arastabiluri da naklebad usafrTxo qveynis imiji xels

uSlis am qveynaSi investiciebisa da turistebis Semodinebas da Zalian

didi Sroma da Zalisxmevaa saWiro, rom aseTma saxelmwifom SeZlos

negatiuri imijis dadebiTad Secvla. saxelmwifoebriv imijze negatiurad

moqmedebs uaryofiTi movlenebisadmi mTavrobis uniaToba da umoqmedoba.

rodesac xelisuflebas aranairi reagireba ara aqvs qveyanaSi saxelmwifo

biujetisa da Tanxebis aramiznobriv gamoyenebaze, maRali Tanamdebobis

30

pirebis mier ganxorcielebul ukanono qmedebebze, aseT SemTxvevaSi

bunebrivia, rom sazogadoebis reaqcia uaryofiTia. aseT pirobebSi qveynis

imiji msoflios TvalSi ganisazRvreba im negatiuri movlenebis fonze,

romelic xels uSlis qveynis civilizebul svlas.

dRevandel samyaroSi saxelmwifo imijis marTva, romlis mizania

Zlieri da pozitiuri aRqmebis ganviTareba, mniSvnelovani instrumentia,

romelic xelisuflebas sakuTari qveynis konkurentunarianobis

SesanarCuneblad SeuZlia gamoiyenos. qveynis imijis formirebis erT-erT

umniSvnelovanes arxs ki turizmi warmoadgens. globalur,

urTierTdakavSirebul sazogadoebaSi, saxelmwifos pozitiuri erovnuli

imiji miCneuli unda iqnas, rogorc Rirebuli aqtivi dainteresebul

mxareebsa da farTo auditorias Soris urTierTobebSi. dRevandel

msoflioSi sul ufro meti eri cdilobs xazi gausvavs sakuTar unikalur

da sxvebisagan gamorCeul imijs, rac metoqe saxelmwifoebisagan maTi

diferencirebis saSualebas iZleva.

rogori Sefasebebi eZleodaT aTiode wlis win yofil sabWoTa

kavSirSi Semaval qveynebs saerTaSoriso sainformacio saSualebebis mier?

es qveynebi ZiriTadad warmodgenilni iyvnen, rogorc mesame samyaros

qveynebi. aseTi saxelmwifoebis Sesaxeb sainformacio CamonaTvalSi

ZiriTadad iyo cnobebi avariebis, mitingebis, gaficvebis, omisa da

socialurad daucvelobis Sesaxeb, rac bunebrivia, rom am saxelmwifoebis

uaryofiT imijs qmnida.

propagandis Teoriidan cnobilia, rom stereotipuri warmodgenebis

Secvla praqtikulad SeuZlebelia, rac ar unda finansebi moxmardes

sainformacio kampanias. situaciis gamosasworeblad aucilebelia axali

maxasiaTebelebis Seqmna da amoqmedeba. amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi

kolosarul Tanxebs xarjavs Tavisi qveynis farglebs gareT

propagandistuli centrebis Seqmnaze, romlebic principulad xasiaTdeba

ara propagandis, aramed urTierTobebisa da kulturis centrebad. msgavsi

centrebi xels uwyoben amerikuli filmis, amerikuli wignis gavrcelebas.

31

Aamgvari saxis RonisZiebebi kargad funqcionireben, vinaidan isini

propagandis saxeliT ar moqmedeben, aramed sakuTar kampanias wminda

saganmanaTleblo miznebiT warmarTaven.

iseve rogorc saukeTeso brends sWirdeba efeqturi marketingi, raTa

darCes konkurentunariani yvelaze msxvil bazarze, swored aseTive

mniSvnelovania brendingi qveynisaTvis. marketingul kvlevebSi qveynis imiji

mWidrod aris xolme dakavSirebuli samomxmareblo produqtTan. Tanamedro-

ve saxelmwifo iyenebs zustad iseTive brendings, marketingul teqnologi-

ebs, piars, sakonsultacio saagentoebsa da media saSualebebs, romelTac

msxvili kompaniebi moixmaren. ZiriTadi gansxvaveba produqtis brendingsa da

qveynis brendings Soris isaa, rom es ukanaskneli moicavs mraval

dainteresebul segments, maT Soris: erovnul/regionul/adgilobriv

xelisuflebas, biznes organizaciebsa da xalxs. brend saxelmwifo aris

garkveuli standartebis, Rirebulebebis, cxovrebis da saxelmwifos

SesaZleblobebis simbolo. qveynis brendingi mecnieruli kvlevis SedarebiT

ufro axali sferoa, romelmac mecnierebis, praqtikosebisa Tu

politikosebis mxridan Zalian didi yuradReba daimsaxura. qveynis

brendingis mizania, rom konkretulma qveyanam SeZlos saerTaSoriso doneze

konkurencia gauwios msoflios sainvesticio, savaWro, turistul, sportul

auditoriebs, aseve politikur urTierTobebs sxva saxelmwifoebTan. qveynis

brendingSi mTavaria sakvanZo ideis SemuSaveba, romelic gaxdeba qveynis

mTavari indikatori, romlis sakvanZo idea mudam unda JRerdes slogansa da

mTavar mesijebSi. qveynis brendingi aris saxelmwifos struqturebis,

biznesis, masmediis moqmedebis SeTanxmebuli sistematuri procesi qveynis

imijis Seqmnisa da ganviTarebisaTvis. qveynis pozituri imijisaTvis

aucileblia SemuSavdes ideebi, gamoiZebnos msoflios bazrisaTvis

unikaluri SeTavazebebi, gaumjobesdes gare samyarosTan komunikacia da

gaZlierdes qveynis dadebiTi identifikaciis parametrebi. Zalian bevri

mkvlevari miiCnevs, rom saguldagulod SerCeuli logo, veb-gverdi Tu

grafizmis erTi naWeri srulebiT ar aris sakmarisi, imisaTvis, rom

32

Seicvalos qveynis imiji sazogadoebis TvalSi. misi realizeba

SesaZlebelia mxolod konkretuli qveynis mosaxleobisa da organizaciebis

mier sakuTari Camoyalibebuli qcevisa da rwmenis saSualebiT.

dRevandel msoflioSi ara marto organizaciebis, kompaniebisa da maT

mier momxmareblisaTvis SeTavazebuli servisis internacionalizeba xdeba,

aramed dRes ukve Tavad qveynebi cdiloben Seiqmnan sakuTari da sxva

qveynebisagan ganmasxvavebeli imiji. aSS-i mTels msoflioSi cnobilia, ro-

gorc „Tavisuflebis qveyana“, britaneTi ki rogorc „civi britaneTi“. mainc

ratom SeiZleba sWirdebodes qveyanas sakuTari originaluri da cnobadi

imiji? dRevandeli informaciis siWarbiT gadatvirTul msoflioSi,

pozitiuri imiji aucilebeli pirobaa qveyanaSi pirdapiri investiciebisa da

turistuli nakadebis SemodinebisaTvis da raRa Tqma unda saerTaSoriso

asparezze politikuri gavlenis mosaxdenad. dRes individebi, firmebi, qala-

qebi, regionebi, qveynebi da TiTqmis sazogadoebis yvela profesiuli segmen-

ti aqtiurad iyenebs bazarze agresiuli gayidvebis teqnikas. swored amitom,

yvela saxelmwifos qmediTunarianoba mimarTulia mxolod erTi miznis uz-

runvelsayofad - darCes igi konkurentunariani qveyana globalur samyaro-

Si. Sesabamisad, arabrendirebul qveyanas Zalzed naklebi Sansi rCeba saer-

TaSoriso politikur sivrceSi politikuri da ekonomikuri navigaciisaTvis.

dRes imiji da reputacia gaxda umTavresi nawili saxelmwifos politiku-

ri strategiuli mimarTulebebis realizebisaTvis. brend produqtebis

msgavsad, brend saxlmwifoebi damokidebulni arian momxmareblebis ndobasa

da maTi dakmayofilebis xarisxze. swored analogiurad ganvixilavT pro-

duqts, romelsac aRvwerT da miviCnevT mas, rogorc „megobruls“ e. i dasav-

leTze orientirebuls da „sandos“ (mokavSire), an „agresiuls“ (eqspansion-

ists) da (arasaimedos).

21-e saukuneSi brendirebuli produqtis msgavsad, saxelmwifoebi damoki-

debulni xdebian momxmareblis ndobsa da misi dakmayofilebis xarisxze.

dRes evropuli politika ganicdis Zalian mZafr cvlilebebs. es aris poli-

tikuri landSaftis sivrce, sadac iseTi klasikuri cnebebi, rogoric aris

33

suvereniteti, Zalauflebis politika da „erovnuli interesebi“ nel-nela

kargaven TavianT gavlenas adamianebSi. ras gulisxmobs “Tanamedrove saxel-

mwifo”? igi iyenebs zustad iseTive brendings, marketingul teqnologiebs,

piars, sakonsultacio saagentoebsa da media saSualebebs, romelTac msxvi-

li kompaniebi moixmaren. Tanamedrove saxelmwifo sakuTari Tavis, sakuTari

ganmasxvavebeli imijis mqone saxelmwifod aRmoCenis procesSia, romelic

icvlis bunebas politikuri TamaSis procesSi. gvsurs es Tu ara, aSS-s, Ci-

neTis, poloneTis, italiis da a.S qveynebis xsenebisas Cveni warmodgena maSi-

naTve asociacias iwvevs qveynebis imijTa mTel rig seriasTan. nebismier ad-

amianSi aSS-s xseneba TavisuflebasTan da keTildReobasTan, safrangeTis -

modasa da xelovnebasTan, inglisis - konservatizmTan, xolo germanis ki

punqtulobasTan da saimedoebasTan asocirdeba. globaluri momxmareblis

azrovnebaSi faqtiurad brendebisa da saxelmwifoebis erTmaneTTan Serwyma

xdeba. mag. MCDonalds da Microsoft-i arian aSS-s, xolo Nokia ki fineTis yvela-

ze TvalsaCino savizito baraTi. arc erT konservatiulad moazrovne adami-

ans eWvic ki ar epareba imaSi, rom es aris realurad dadebiTi movlena,

radganac axali e.w brend saxelmwifo TandaTan devnis da aZevebs nacional-

izms. am dros xdeba saxelmwifos istoriuli, geografiuli da misi eTniku-

ri motivebis gamoyeneba, raTa Seqmnas sakuTari, mkafio imiji. msoflios

mravali wamyvani qveynis Zalisxmeva mimarTulia sakuTari pozitiuri

turistuli imijis formirebisaken, rac sruliad bunebrivia, rom qveynis

socialur-ekonomikur aRmavlobasTan asocirdeba. turizmi erT-erTi

yvelaze swrafad mzardi seqtoria msoflioSi. pozitiuri turistuli imiji

xels uwyobs ucxouri valutis Semodinebasa da Tavisufali samuSao

adgilebis Seqmnas qveyanaSi, rac bunebrivia, rom adgilobrivi mosaxleobis

socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareobis mniSvnelovan gaumjobesebas iwvevs.

qveynis turistuli imijis Seswavlisas mkvlevarebi xSirad gamoyofen

eqvs cvlads: adgilobrivi mcxovreblebis stumarTmoyvareoba, turistuli

infrastruqtura, garemo, ekonomika, usafrTxoeba da seqsualuroba

(Pérez‐Nebra, 2010; 2007; Beerli and Marti, 2004). maT aRmoaCines meeqvse, relevanturi

34

cvladi “seqsualuroba”, radgan Zalian xSirad, masmediis saSualebebi

(televizia da beWduri media) xSirad ganixilavs, rom zogierTi turistuli

daniSnulebis adgili asocirdeba seqsualur TavgadasavlebTan. leizenis

(Leisen 2001) mixedviT, pirs SeuZlia Seiqmnas imiji droTa ganmavlobaSi

sxvadasxva sainformacio wyaroTa gadamuSavebis Sedegad. Caudheris

(Chaudhary 2000) Tanaxmad, turistuli imijis formirebis dros sainformacio

wyaroebi SesaZloa iyos gazeTebi, telearxebi, samogzauro saagentoebi/tur

operatorebi, ucxoeTSi gaxsnili samogzauro ofisebi, megobrebi da

axloblebi, wignebi/gidebi da sxv. imiji, romelic turists turistuli

adgilis Sesaxeb gaaCnia, gavlenas axdens turistis gadawyvetilebaze.

mikqerTni, baTleri, da beneti (McCartney, Butler, Bennett 2008) varaudoben, rom

qveynis imiji SesaZloa Camoyalibdes, an faqtobrivi vizitis (organuli),

anda garedan Semosuli (induqciuri) sainformacio wyaroebis meSveobiT,

rogoricaa samauwyeblo da beWdviTi media an warmoTmuli sityva (World of

mouth). isini miiCneven, rom qveynis turistuli imijis formireba droSi

uwyveti procesia da imijebis proeqtirebiT warmoiqmneba (rogoricaa

oficialuri, aseve sxva saxis wyaroebi, magaliTad piradi stumrobis

gamocdileba, media informaciebi, piradi kontaqtebi) am warmodgenis

miRebamde Camoyalibebuli samogzauro miznebis mqone turistebis mier,

iseTi media saSualebebis, romelTac SeswevT Zala potenciur turistebs

miawvdinon xma.

35

$ 1.2. turizmis ganviTarebis Tanamedrove mdgomareobis Taviseburebebi da

tendenciebi

turizmi warmoadgens integrirebul socialur-ekonomikur sistemas,

romelic mzard gavlenas axdens mravali qveynis ekonomikasa da socialur

keTildReobaze. turizmi amdidrebs msoflio kulturas, amtkicebs

sxvadasxva xalxis kavSirebs, xels uwyobs qveynebis mSvidobian gaviTarebas

da saerTaSoriso keTildReobas. cnebam „turizmi“ gaiara ganviTarebis

grZeli gza, Seivso axali elementebiT, ris Sedegadac gavrcelda misi

mravali ganmarteba. tradiciulad turizmi gaigivebulia mogzaurobasTan

dasvenebisa da axali STabeWdilebis mizniT, e.i upiratesoba eniWeba

turizmis rekreaciul mniSvnelobas. miuxedavad gaeros msoflio turizmis

organizaciis UNWTO-os mravaljeradi mcdelobisa, dRemde ar arsebobs

turizmis sayovelTaod aRiarebuli da universaluri gansazRvreba.

saqarTvelos kanonis mixedviT, turizmis ganmarteba bevrad emTxveva

turizmis saerTaSoriso konferenciebisa da gaeros mier Camoyalibebul

terminTa saerTo parametrebs.

mravali mecnierisa Tu analitikosis SefasebiT, turizms safuZvlad

udevs Semdegi faqtorebi (kaCanovi, 2005):

ekonomikurma zrdam da socialurma progresma gazarda ara mxolod

saqmiani mogzaurobebis masStabebi, aramed SemecnebiTi mizniT

mogzaurobaTa maCvenebelic;

sxvadasxva saxis satransporto saSualebaTa srulyofam iafi da

ufro xelmisawvdomi gaxada mogzauroba sazogadoebis yvela

fenisaTvis;

ekonomikurad ganviTarebul qveynebSi daqiravebul muSa-mosamsaxureTa

raodenobis zrdam uzrunvelyo maTi materialur-kulturuli donis

36

zrda, aman ganapiroba maTi miswrafeba sulieri da SemecnebiTi

faseulobebisaken;

Sromis intensifikaciam da momuSaveTa xangrZlivma mivlinebebma

SesaZlebeli gaxada safuZvliani dasvenebis uzrunvelyofa;

saxelmwifoTaSorisi urTierTobebis ganviTarebam da qveynebs Soris

kulturaTa gacvlam migviyvana pirovnebaTSorisi urTierTobebis

gafarToebasTan, rogorc regionis SigniT, aseve regionebs Sorisac;

momsaxurebis sferos ganviTarebam stimuli misca teqnologiur

progress telekomunikaciebis sferoSi, gazarda sxvadasxva qveyanaSi

mogzaurobis interesi;

SezRudvebis Semsubuqeba valutis gatanasTan dakavSirebiT, agreTve

savizo reJimebis gamartiveba rig qveynebSi mniSvnelovnad uwyobs

xels turizmis ganviTarebas..

„saqarTvelos kanoni turizmisa da kurortebis Sesaxeb“ turizms

ganmartavs, rogorc adamianis Tavisufal, nebayoflobiT, droebiT

gadaadgilebas Tavisi sacxovrebeli adgilidan dasvenebis, gajansaRebis,

istoriis da kulturis Zeglebis daTvalierebis an sxva mizniT

(saqarTvelos kanoni turizmisa da kurortebis Sesaxeb, 1997).

Sveicarieli mkvlevari k. kaspari gvTavazobs turizmi ganisazRvros

ori qvesistemiT:

a) qvesistema „turizmis subieqti“ - momsaxurebis momxmarebeli - adamiani,

misi mravalferovani turistuli moTxovnilebebiTa da qcevis

motivebiT;

b) qvesistema „turizmis obieqti“, romelic sami elementisagan Sedgeba:

turistuli centrebi, turistuli sawarmoebi da organizaciebi

(saxelmwifo da arasaxelmwifo), romlebic aregulireben turizmis

ganviTarebas.

turisti – Sromis, turistuli produqtis, an turistuli momsaxurebis

momxmarebeli; gansazRvruli adgilis, dasaxlebuli punqtis an qveynis

droebiTi stumari, ganurCevlad misi moqalaqeobisa, erovnebisa,

37

sarwmunoebisa da sqesisa, romelic imyofeba ucxo teritoriaze aranakleb

24 saaTisa da araumetes 6 Tvis ganmavlobaSi imyofeba mkurnalobis,

Semecnebis an saqmiani mizniT, romelsac ara aqvs ufleba teritoriaze

anazRaurebis mizniT dasaqmebisa (metreveli 2012, gv 19).

saqarTvelos kanoniT „turizmisa da kurortebis Sesaxeb“ turisti

fizikuri piria, romelic nebayoflobiT mogzaurobs, dasvenebis,

gajansaRebis, saqmiani an sxva mizniT, aranakleb 24 saaTis da ara umetes

erTi wlis vadiT da romlis mogzaurobac ar anazRaurdeba droebiTi

yofnis adgilis safinanso wyaroebidan (saqarTvelos kanoni turizmisa da

kurortebis Sesaxeb, 1997). vfiqrobT, rom saqarTvelos kanoniT cneba

„turisti“ eTanxmeba mto-s mier SemuSavebul gansazRvrebas.

termin „turistis“ arsi sistematurad ganixileboda mravalricxovan

samecniero konferenciebsa da Sekrebebze. gaerTianebuli erebis turizmisa

da saerTaSoriso mogzaurobebis 1963 wlis romis konferenciam, romelmac

SeimuSava turistis cnebis Tanamedrove gansazRvreba, romelsac eyrdnoba

turizmis saerTaSoriso organizaciebi da msoflios qveynebis umetesoba.

romis konferenciam Tavis rekomendaciebSi mxari dauWira cnebas

„vizitori“, rac niSnavs nebismieri adamianis gadaadgilebas qveyanaSi,

romelic ar warmoadgens mis mudmiv sacxovrebel adgils, nebismieri, magram

ara samuSao mizniT, romelic anazRaurebas ar miiRebs droebiTi yofnis

adgilis safinanso wyaroebidan.

„saerTaSoriso mogzauri“-ganisazRvreba, rogorc nebismieri adamiani,

romelic gadaadgildeba Tavisi sacxovrebeli qveynis farglebs gareT

mogzaurobis mizniT da iyenebs satransporto saSualebebs (Tumca

SesaZlebelia gadaadgildebodes fexiTac).

„saerTaSoriso vizitori”gulisxmobs nebismier adamians, romelic

mogzaurobs misi sacxovrebeli qveynis gareT ara umetes 12 Tvis

ganmavlobaSi da misi vizitis mizans ar warmoadgens am (aRniSnul) qveyanaSi

anazRaurebadi saqmianobis ganxorcieleba.

saerTaSoriso vizitorebs miekuTvnebian:

38

turistebi (RamisTeviT vizitorebi): vizitorebi, romlebic erTi RamiT

mainc rCebian am qveyanaSi kerZo an saerTo sacxovrebelSi;

erTi dRis vizitori - vizitori, romelic Rames ar aTevs am qveynis

kerZo an saerTo sacxovrebelSi.

vizitis miznis klasifikacia CamomsvlelTa, gamvlelTa da adgilobrivi

turizmisaTvis:

1. gajansaReba, ardadegebi, Tavisufali drois gatareba

2. megobrebisa da naTesavebis monaxuleba

3. profesiuli da saqmiani miznebi

4. mkurnaloba

5. religiuri/piligrimoba

6. sxva

„turizmis saqmianobebi“-ganimarteba, rogorc adamianis saqmianoba,

romelic gulisxmobs dasvenebis, samuSaos an raime sxva mizniT misi Cveuli

(sacxovrebeli) adgilisagan gansxvavebul garemoSi gamgzavrebas,

gadabmulad araumetes erTi wlis vadiT da misi vizitis mizans ar

warmoadgens am qveyanaSi anazRaurebadi saqmianobis ganxorcieleba. termini

„pirovnebis saqmianoba” aq gamoiyeneba pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT da ara

rogorc adamianis sawarmoo ekonomikuri saqmianoba. imdenad, ramdenadac es

saqmianoba Zlier mravalferovania, turizmis gavlena SeiZleba mravalmxriv

iyos Seswavlili. magaliTad misi gavlena dasaqmebaze, garemoze, ekonomikur

saqmianobaze da a.S. turizmis moTxovna ar aris mxolod vizitorTa

mixmareba, is aseve unda Seicavdes im erTeulebs, romelTa gareSec

turizmis ganviTareba SeuZlebeli iqneboda:

ZiriTadi infrastruqturis arseboba (transporti, TavSesafari da a.S);

saxelmwifos mier Sesrulebuli roli, romelic gamoixateba

sxadasxva doneze turizmis xelSewyobis mizniT gatarebul

maregulirebel RonisZiebebSi.

turizms dReisaTvis mTels msoflioSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba

eniWeba, vinaidan es ara mxolod pirdapiri gagebiT iZleva mniSvnelovan

39

Semosavals qveynisaTvis, aramed, imavdroulad, damatebiT kidev araerT

dadebiT Sedegs ganapirobebs, maT Soris infrastruqturul ganviTarebas,

turizmis uzrunvelyofasTan dakavSirebuli biznesis sxvadasxva sferoebis

ganviTarebas da Sesabamisad mosaxleobis dasaqmebis zrdas, qveynisaTvis

damaxasiaTebeli da misi warmoCenisaTvis sasargeblo adgilobrivi

kulturul-istoriuli tradiciebisa da saxalxo rewvis SenarCunebasa da

ganviTarebas, araformaluri da formaluri kavSirebis Camoyalibebas sxva

qveynebis warmomadgenlebTan, rac Tavis mxriv qveyanaSi investiciebis

mozidvas aZlierebs, qveynis imijis gaumjobesebas saerTaSoriso arenaze da

megobruli, keTilganwyobili mxardamWerebis ricxvis progresul matebas

da a.S (kobalaZe, 2012).

garda amisa, turizmi aseve did rols asrulebs sxvadasxva

aRmsareblobisa da kulturebis adamianebis urTierTobaTa gaRrmavebaSi.

turizmi mimarTulia msoflios xalxTa urTierTgagebisa da mSvidobis

dasamyareblad. turizmi erT - erTi yvelaze didi da swrafad mzardi

industriaa msoflios masStabiT. 2012 wels, turizmis wilma msoflio

mTlian Sida produqtSi 9% Seadgina, rac 6 trilion dolars aRemateba.

mosalodnelia, rom turizmis industriis zrda gagrZeldeba saSualod

4%-iani wliuri zrdis tempiT da uaxloes momavalSi mTliani Sida

produqtis 10%-s, anu daaxloebiT 9 miliard dolars gautoldeba (UNWTO

Tourism Highlights, 2013). aRniSnul seqtorSi 260 milionze meti adamiani

muSaobs, rac msoflio masStabiT dasaqmebis 8.7%-s Seadgens (World Travel

Tourism Council, 2013) mosalodnelia, rom 2022 wlisTvis aRniSnul seqtorSi

Seqmnili samuSao adgilebis raodenoba 328 milionamde gaizrdeba da is

mTliani samuSao adgilebis 10%-s Seadgens.

me-2 cxrilSi mocemulia msoflio turizmis organizaciis mier

gamoqveynebuli monacemebi saerTaSoriso turistebis mier msoflios aTi

yvelaze monaxulebadi qveyanis Sesaxeb. cxrilidan Cans, rom aTeulSi

Semavali qveynebis umravlesoba evropuli saxelmwifoebia. 2000-iani wlebis

bolos msoflio finansurma krizisma turizmze sagrZnoblad (uaryofiTad)

40

imoqmeda. dacema daiwyo 2008 wlis ivnisSi da amave wels saerTaSoriso

turistuli Casvlebis ricxvma 2%-iT iklo. negatiuri tendencia kidev ufro

intensiuri gaxda 2009 wels, radgan bevr qveyanaSi ifeTqaHH1N1 virusma,

rasac saerTaSoriso vizitiorTa raodenobis 4%-iani kleba mohyva da

aRniSnulma zaralma daaxloebiT 880 milioni Seadgina, Sesabamisad,

miRebuli Semosavlebi 6%-iT Semcirda.

qveynebis, anu msoflios yvelaze popularuli turistuli centrebis,

rigiTobis dadgena SesaZlebelia turistTa DSemosvlebis raodenobiT da

maTgan miRebuli SemosavlebiT. orive monacemebis mixedviT, msoflioSi

liderobs safrangeTi, aSS da espaneTi. amave dros aSS-s ukavia pirveli

adgili Semosavlebis, magram me-2 adgili Semosvlebis raodenobis mixedviT,

safrangeTi ki kvlavac lideria turistTa Semosvlebis mixedviT, Tumca

mesame pozicias ikavebs Semosavlebis mxriv. cxrilidan garkveviT Cans, rom

2013 wels vizitorebis raodenoba 3.5%-iT Semcirda CineTSi, igive SeiZleba

iTqvas did britaneTzec, sadac saerTaSoriso vizitorebis ricxvi 0.1%-iT

Semcirda gasul welTan SedarebiT (ix. cxrili 2).

cxrili 2

saerTaSoriso mogzaurebis mier yvelaze monaxulebadi qveynebis aTeuli

qveyana regionaluri

bazari

2013

mil

2012 2012 wlis

cvlileba

2013-Tan

SedarebiT

2011 wlis

cvlileba

2012 Tan

SedarebiT

1 safrangeTi evropa - 83.0 - 1.8

2 aSS Crd. aSS 69,8 66.7 4.7 6.3

3 espaneTi evropa 60.7 57.5 5.6 2.3

4 CineTi azia 55.7 57.7 3.5 0.3

5 italia evropa 47.7 46.4 2.9 0.5

6 TurqeTi evropa 37.8 35.7 5.9 3.0

7 germania evropa 31.5 30.4 3.7 7.3

8 didi britaneTi evropa 31.2 29.3 29.3 0.1

41

9 ruseTi evropa 28.4 25.7 10.2 13.5

19 tailandi azia 26.5 22.4 18.8 16.2

wyaro UNWTO Tourim Highlighlt 2012-13 Editon

wina wlebTan SedarebiT, 2012-13 wlebSi mowinave turistuli centrebis

rigiToba TiTqmis ucvleli iyo. erTaderTi cvlileba Semosavlebis

mixedviT iyo is, rom 2011 wels me-6 poziciaze myofi germaniis adgili (38.8)

tailandma daikava da amjerad germaniam me-5 poziciaze gadainacvla. garda

amisa, 2009 wlidan Semosavlebis mxriv CineTi me-4 poziciaze gadadis da

igiDdRemde inarCunebs am mdgomareobas da kvlavac agrZelebs 13-%-ian

wliur zrdas, romelic lider qveynad rCeba aziasa da wynari okeanis

regionSi (metreveli, 2011).

cxrili 3.

Semosavlebi saerTaSoriso turizmidan

qveyana regionaluri

bazari

2013 w.

(mlrd

dolari)

2012w. 2012/2013

cvlileba

(%)

2011/2012

cvlileba

(%)

1 aSS Crd. aSS 139.6 126.2 10.6 9.2

2 espaneTi evropa 60.4 56.3 7.4 6.3

3 safrangeTi evropa 56.1 53.6 4.8 2.2

4 CineTi azia 51.7 50.0 3.3 3.2

5 italia evropa 43.9 41.2 6.6 4.2

6 tailandi azia 42.1 33.8 24.4 24.4

7 germania evropa 41.2 38.1 8.1 1.9

8 didi

britaneTi

evropa 40.6 36.2 12.1 3.3

9 avstralia okeaneTi 30.9 31.7 2.8 4.5

10 TurqeTi evropa 27.9 25.3 6.8 2.4

wyaro UNWTO, Tourism Highlights/ 2013 Edition

42

2011 weli turizmis industriisaTvis erT-erTi yvelaze rTuli

periodi iyo. msoflio mogzaurobisa da turizmis sabWos (World Travel and

Tourism Council) kvlevebis Tanaxmad, miuxedavad ekonomikuri Tu politikuri

arastabilurobisa da bunebrivi kataklizmebisa, turizmis wili mTlian

Sida produqtSi 3%-iT gaizarda da 2 trilioni dolari Seadgina

(metreveli, 2011), Sedegad Seiqmna 1.2 milioni axali samuSao adgili,

amasTan, vizitorebis eqsporti 3%-iT, 1.2 trilion dolaramde gaizarda.

analogiuri zrdis tempi dafiqsirda investiciebis kuTxiT da 0.7 trilioni

dolari Seadgina. arastabiluri makroekonomikuri garemos miuxedavad,

kvlevebi aCvenebs, rom msoflio turizmis wili mTlian Sida produqtSi

zrdas momavalSic ganagrZobs, moimatebs agreTve samuSao adgilebis

raodenobac. kvlevebis Tanaxmad, aRniSnuli zrda ara mxolod did

ganviTarebad qveynebSi (brazilia, ruseTi, indoeTi, CineTi) dafiqsirdeba,

aramed mTels Crdilo afrikasa da laTinur amerikaSi. saerTaSoriso

vaWrobis zrda, gansakuTrebiT ganviTarebadi qveynebis bazrebze, biznes

mogzaurobaze moTxovnis zrdas gamoiwvevs. amave kvlevebze dayrdnobiT,

turizmis pirdapiri kontribuciis zrda mTlian Sida produqtSi 2012 wels

stabilurad 3% iqneba. garda amisa, wlis ganmavlobaSi seqtori daaxloebiT

2 milion axal samuSao adgils Seqmnis, vizitorebis eqsporti 2%-iT, xolo

investiciebi 3.5%-iT gaizrdeba.

saqarTvelos xelisufleba aqtiurad cdilobs xeli Seuwyos

turizmis seqtoris ganviTarebas. statistikuri monacemebis mixedviT, 2013

wels Cveni qveynis turizmis seqtoris mdgomareoba mzardia da

saqarTveloSi saerTaSoriso Semosvlebis raodenoba 22%-iT gaizarda da

xuT milions gadaaWarba. msoflio turizmis organizacias turizmis

seqtorSi zrdis tempi SeumCneveli ar darCenia da organizaciis angariSis

(UNWTO World Tourism Barometer, 2013) Tanaxmad, saqarTveloSi saerTaSoriso

Semosvlebis zrda evropis yvelaze maRal procentian matebad Seafasa.

43

saqarTvelos turistuli imijis formirebis ZiriTadi

komponentebi

$ 2.1. saqarTvelos turistuli imijis formirebis ZiriTadi

faqtorebi

pozitiuri turistuli imijis formireba mravali wamyvani

saxelmwifos politikurი prioritetia. cnobilia, rom turistuli

industria ekonomikis erT-erT umsxviles, maRalSemosavlian da uaRresad

dinamiur sferos warmoadgens, romelic did gavlenas axdens qveynis

ekonomikur ganviTarebaze. rac Seexeba saqarTvelos, turizmi ekonomikis

aRorZinebis erT-erT ZiriTad mimarTulebadaa miCneuli. aRniSnuli

seqtoris ganviTarebas ama Tu im saxelmwifoSi didwilad ganapirobebs misi

Sida stabiluroba, usafrTxo garemo da ekonomikuri ganviTarebis

Sesabamisi done. turizmis industrias SeuZlia xeli Seuwyos saqarTvelos

stabilurobasa da usafrTxoebas, samuSao adgilebis Seqmnis, Semosavlebis

zrdis, ekonomikis diversifikaciis, garemos dacvisa da kulturaTa

daaxloebis gziT.

turistuli imijis formireba da misi cvlileba mniSvnelovnadaa

damokidebulia saxelmwifo imijis cvlilebaze. usafrTxo da mimzidveli

saxelmwifo imiji izidavs met turists qveyanaSi. dRevandel msoflioSi,

romelSic mravlad aris sxvadasxva saxis bunebrivi Tu adamianis mier

gamowveuli safrTxeebi, dRevandeli turisti bevrad ufro

gaTviTcnobierebuli da informirebulia maT Sesaxeb da Sesabamisad,

gamgzavrebis win arCevans misTvis usafrTxo da mimzidveli imijis mqone

qveyanaze akeTebs.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saqarTvelos turistuli imiji formirdeba sami

ZiriTadi komponentisagan:

44

- ucxour oficialur veb-saitebze mocemuli informaciebi

saqarTveloSi arsebuli viTarebis Sesaxeb;

- saqarTveloSi namyofi ucxoelebis mier TavianTi STabeWdilebebis

gadmocema socialur qselebSi;

- saqarTvelos saxelmwifos mier ganxorcielebuli sareklamo kampania

qveyanaSi ucxoeli turistebis mosazidad.

ucxour oficialur veb-saitebze ZiriTadad mocemulia

gamafrTxilebeli xasiaTis informaciebi qveyanaSi arsebuli viTarebis

Sesaxeb usafrTxoebis kuTxiT, CamoTvlilia is faqtorebi, romlebmac

saqarTveloSi Camosul ucxoel vizitorebs SesaZloa problemebi Seuqmnas.

cxadia, rac ufro naklebia aseTi saxis informaciebi, miT ufro mimzidveli

da pozitiuria qveyana turistebisaTvis mogzaurobis TvalsazrisiT.

saqarTveloSi namyofi turistebi qveynis turistuli imijis

formirebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani wyaroa. qveyanaSi turistebis nakadis

zrdasTan erTad aRniSnuli komponentis mniSvneloba qveynis turistuli

imijis formirebis sakiTxSi sul ufro da ufro izrdeba.

saqarTveloSi namyofi turistebi TavianT STabeWdilebebze saubroben

nacnob-megobrebTan da rac mTavaria, socialur qselebSi Riad ganixilaven

konkretul qveyanaSi miRebul STabeWdilebebs, maTi STabeWdilebebi Seicavs

rogorc pozitiur, ise negatiur informacias qveynis Sesaxeb. faqtobrivad,

esaa praqtikuli Semowmeba im informaciisa, rasac oficialuri uwyebebi

avrceleben qveynis Sesaxeb, isini aRniSnul informacias avseben,

adastureben an uaryofen TavianTi monaTxrobiT.

aRsaniSnavia, rom Tu oficialur veb-gverdebze ganTavsebuli

informaciebi Znelad icvleba, qveyanaSi Camosul turistTa STabeWdilebebi

bevrad ufro dinamiuria. am gziT rogorc pozitiuri, ise negatiuri

informacia ufro advilad vrceldeba qveynis farglebs gareT da aRwevs

saqarTveloSi Camosvlis msurvelebamde.

naSromze muSaobisas Seviswavle 1995 - 2001 wlebSi dasavlur presaSi

rigi gamocemebSi gamoqveynebuli (Le monde, Le Temps, The Times, The Washigton

45

Post, le Monde Diplomatique), 50 statia, romelTa analizis safuZvelze

warmoCnda, rom am periodis saqarTvelos imiji mravali negatiuri StrixiT

xasiaTdeboda. mainc rogori iyo saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi imiji,

rogori gaxldaT is saerTaSoriso informaciuli nakadi, romelSic Cveni

qveynis cxovreba aisaxeboda? saqarTvelo warmodgenili iyo, rogorc

ganviTarebis gzaze myofi, postsabWoTa saxelmwifo, saidanac ZiriTadad

negatiuri Sinaarsis mqone sainformacio signalebi modioda: dakarguli

teritoriebi, samxedro gadatrialeba, samoqalaqo omi, eTnikuri

konfliqtebi, omi afxazeTsa da cxinvalis regionSi, politikuri

arastabiluroba, gayinuli ekonomika, socialurad SeWirvebuli

mosaxleobis raodenobis zrda, migraciis didi intensivoba, evropis

qveynebSi aralegalurad mcxovrebi qarTvelebi, romlebic xSirad

kriminalTan asocirdebodnen sakuTari qveynis cud „imijmeikerebadac“

gvevlinebodnen. yovelive zemoaRniSnuli saqarTvelos sakmaod uaryofiT

imijs uqmnida msoflios TvalSi. am movlenebma mniSvnelovnad daaziana da

Seaferxa saqarTvelos pozitiuri turistuli imijis formireba. am

periodiT daTariRebuli moZiebuli masalebisa da statiebis saTaurebidan

cxadi xdeba, Tu ra informaciuli foni gasdevda qveyanaSi ganviTarebul

movlenebs da rogori Sefaseba eZleoda maT ucxoeli Jurnalistebis,

eqspertebisa da sxvadasxva sferos warmomadgenlebis mier. “TbilisSi

mokluli iqna opoziciis lideri”, “saberZneTis saelCos ataSe TbilisSi

Cacxriles,” (Nougayrede 1998, p.3), ”saqarTvelo erovnuli umciresobebis

pirispir”, (Cheterian, 1998, p.5), swored msgavsi Sinaarsis statiebi ibeWdeboda

saqarTvelos Sesaxeb im droindel dasavlur presaSi.

saqarTvelo mudmivad imyofeboda saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis

yuradRebis centrSi afxazeTis, cxinvalis regionis, kodorisa da pankisis

xeobaSi arsebuli problemebiT. sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg,

saqarTvelo Camoyalibebas iwyebs, rogorc damoukidebeli suverenuli

saxelmwifo, Tumca es procesi sakmaod rTulad da mtkivneulad

mimdinareobda. garda obieqturi mizezebisa, adgili hqonda ruseTis mier

46

inspirirebul movlenebs, romlebic mimarTuli iyo saqarTvelos

saxelmwifoebriobisa da teritoriuli mTlianobis winaaRmdeg, rac

gamoixata afxazeTisa da e.w samxreT oseTis teritoriebze separatizmis

xelSewyobiT. yovelive zemoaRniSnulma movlenebma mniSvnelovnad daaziana

da Seaferxa saqarTvelos pozitiuri imijis Camoyalibeba.

1990-iani wlebidan dawyebuli, ucxoeTis wamyvani saxelmwifoebis

sagareo saqmeTa saministroebis saitebze ganTavsebuli informaciebi

saqarTveloSi arsebuli usafrTxoebis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb wlebis

ganmavlobaSi Sinaarsobrivad TiTqmis identuri iyo: „qveyana, sadac

Tavisufali gadaadgileba, seirnoba, samkaulebis gakeTeba saSiSia“ da

sakuTar moqalaqeebs urCevdnen, yoveli SemTxvevisaTvis, vizitisagan Tavi

SeekavebiaT. isini aseT rCevas ucxoelebis mimarT Cadenili kriminaluri

SemTxvevebiT xsnidnen.

amgvari rekomendaciebi oficialur veb-gverdebze wlebis ganmavlobaSi

ucvlelad iyo warmoadgenili da im periodSi qveynis xelisuflebaSi myof

pirebs bevri arafris gakeTeba ar ucdiaT viTarebis Sesacvlelad,

miuxedavad imisa, rom gadaidga pirveli nabijebi turizmis

gansaviTareblad.

2003 wels xelisuflebis Secvlis Semdegad, saqarTvelo uwindeburad

turistebisTvis “saSiS qveyanad” rCeboda da amis Sesaxeb informaciis

miReba nebismier ucxoels SeeZlo, sakuTari qveynis sagareo saqmeTa

saministros saitidan. rac Seexeba aRniSnul saitebze ganTavsebul

informaciebTan dakavSirebiT sagareo uwyebebis pozicias, isini

acxadebdnen, rom es iyo maTi mimarTva sakuTari moqalaqeebis mimarT,

romelic mas Semdeg gaCnda, rac saqarTveloSi ucxoelebze namdvili

„nadiroba“ daiwyo.

2005 wels safrangeTis sagareo saqmeTa saministros veb-gverdze daido

yvelaze saSiSi da turistebisaTvis „akrZaluli qveynebis sia“, romelSic

avRaneTTan, iranTan da ekvadorTan erTad saqarTveloc Sedioda, Tumca

“saSiSi qveynebis” CamonaTvalidan saqarTvelo 2006 wels iqna amoRebuli.

47

warmatebuli imijis formirebis aucilebloba saqarTvelos winaSe

gansakuTrebiT maSin warmoiSva, rodesac dRis wesrigSi dadga evropul da

Crdilo-atlantikur struqturebSi integraciis sakiTxi. am organizaciebTan

mWidro TanamSromlobis gansaxorcieleblad mocemuli qveynebi im

moTxovnebs unda akmayofilebdnen, romlebsac es organizaciebi upirobod

uyeneben maTi wevrobis msurvel qveynebs.

2000-iani wlebidan, saqarTveloSi miRweuli stabilizaciis, kerZo

sakuTrebis legalizaciis, saerTaSoriso kavSirebis SesamCnevi gaZlierebis

da saqarTvelos ramdenime msxvil proeqtSi CarTvis Semdeg, saqarTvelos

mimarT saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis interesi mniSvnelovnad gaizarda.

2003 wels saqarTvelo kvlav moeqca saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis

yuradRebis centrSi, xolo saakaSvilis xelisuflebam turizmi qveynis

saxelmwifo politikis prioritetad gamoacxada. “vardebis revolucia”

aRmoCnda is movlena, romlis Semdgomac dasavlur mediaSi faqtiurad

iwyeba, saqarTvelos, rogorc demokratiis gzaze mdgomi saxelmwifos

imijis formireba. faqtobrivad swored am movlenis Sedegad gaicno axali

saxiT msofliom samxreT kavkasiSi mdebare patara, post-sabWoTa

saxelmwifo.

48

$ 2. 2. ucxoeTis sagareo uwyebebis veb-gverdebze saqarTvelos Sesaxeb

gavrcelebul informaciaTa dinamika 2006-2014 wlebSi

dasavleTis saxelmwifoebidan saqarTvelos Sesaxeb turistebisaTvis

gankuTvnili informaciebi ganTavsebulia: amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis,

kanadis, gaerTianebuli samefos, safrangeTis, avstraliis, Sveicariis

konfederaciis, germaniis federaciuli respublikis, irlandiisa da

belgiis sagareo saqmeTa saministroebis veb-gverdebze (internet wyaro N73,

N111, N35, N87, N56, N57, N69).

Cvens mier Seswavlili sagareo uwyebebis oficialur veb-saitebze,

mogzaurTaTvis Seqmnilia specialuri gverdi, romelic iuwyeba, rom maT

mier ganTavsebuli informaciebi sando da utyuar wyaroebs efuZneba da

maTi ganaxleba regularul xasiaTs atarebs. A

aRniSnul veb-gverdze sasurveli qveynis moZieba anbanuri katalogiT

martivadaa SesaZlebeli. mogzaurTaTvis ganTavsebuli informaciebi Semdeg

Tematikad iyofa: qveynis zogadi daxasiaTeba, usafrTxoebis mdgomareoba

qveyanaSi, usafrTxoeba saqarTvelos konfliqtur da sasazRvro regionebSi,

bunebrivi riskebi, satransporto infrastruqtura, jandacva a.S. aseve calke

Temad aris ganxiluli qveynis gansakuTrebuli samarTlebrivi debulebebi

da kulturuli Taviseburebani.

Cveni qveynis saerTaSoriso turistuli imijis Sesaswavlad

oficialuri sagareo uwyebebis saitebze ganTavsebul masalebs 2006 wlidan

vakvirdebi. saintereso iyo imis garkveva, msoflios romeli saxelmwifoebi

avrceleben aRniSnuli saxis informaciebs saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, rogori

Sinaarsis Semcveli iyo da aris aRniSnuli informaciebi da rogoria maTi

ganaxlebis dinamika 2006 wlidan dRemde. aRniSnuli masalis Seswavla

saSualebas gvaZlevs Tvali gavadevnoT Tu rogor icvleboda saqarTvelos

turistuli imiji.

49

a) usafrTxoebis mdgomareoba qveyanaSi

2006 wels Sveicariis sagareo saqmeTa federaluri departamenti, iseve

rogorc kanadisa da didi britaneTis gaerTianebuli samefos sagareo

uwyebebi sakuTar veb-gverdebze saqarTveloSi arsebuli usafrTxoebis

mdgomareobis metad mZime suraTs iZleodnen. maTi SefasebiT, qveyanaSi

SeimCneoda kriminalis maCvenebelis zrda, rogorc dedaqalaqSi, aseve

qveynis sxva regionebSic (avtomobilis gataceba, sxvadasxva saxis qurdoba,

SeiaraRebuli Tavdasxmebi, adamianTa gataceba). aseve intensiur xasiaTs

atarebda ucxoeTis moqalaqeebze Tavdasxmis SemTxvevebi. qveyanaSi

SeimCneoda Zaladobis, agresiis, qurdobis, seqsualuri Zaladobis,

yaCaRobisa da zogadad kriminalis zrda, rogorc sajaro transportSi

(avtobusi, rkinigza), aseve sagzao damakavSirebel misasvlelebSi (internet

wyaro N 57). saitebze mocemuli iyo mTeli rigi rCevebi da rekomendaciebi,

Tu rogor unda moqceuliyvnen moqalaqeebi aseTi saxis Tavdasxmis Tavidan

asacileblad (ar etarebinaT Zvirfasi samkauli, Tavi aeridebinaT TbilisSi

sacxovrebeli saxlidan marto gasvlisagan, esargeblaT mxolod

oficialuri wiTeli taqsebiT da rac mTavaria, ar gaewiaT winaaRmdegoba

TavdamsxmelisTvis).

2006 wels avstraliis sagareo saqmeTa da vaWrobis departamentma

saqarTvelo usafrTxoebis donis ganmsazRvrel mesame grafaSi moaTavsa

(internet wyaro N 35). sagareo uwyebis SefasebiT, saqarTvelo warmoadgenda

qveyanas, sadac „safrTxis maRali riski“ arsebobda ucxoeli

vizitorebisTvis. maSin rodesac, saqarTvelos mezobeli saxelmwifoebi:

somxeTi da azerbaijani usafrTxoebis donis gaTvaliswinebiT meore

pozicias ikavebdnen. avstraliis sagareo uwyebis SefasebiT, azerbaijani da

somxeTi, es is qveynebi iyo, sadac vizitorebisaTvis mxolod elementaruli

sifrTxilis dacva iyo saWiro. Tumca 2011 wels saqarTvelom usafrTxoebis

mdgomareobis kuTxiT mesamedan erTi poziciiT win gadmoinacvla, rac

50

niSnavs imas, rom saqarTveloSi saerTaSoriso vizitorebs mxolod

normaluri usafrTxoebis zomebis dacva esaWiroebaT.

aSS-s saxelmwifo departamentis veb-gverdze 2006 wlidan dRemde

ucvlelad rCeba informacia imis Taobaze, rom aSS-s moqalaqe

saqarTveloSi, rogorc wesi, mdidrad aRiqmeba, ris gamoc, SesaZlebelia

isini ekonomikuri dainteresebis motiviT Cadenili danaSaulis msxverplni

aRmoCeniliyvnen. dayaCaReba, Zarcva, avtomobilis gataceba gaxldaT swored

im danaSaulis 75%-i, ris gamoc aSS-s moqalaqeebma 2006 wels saqarTveloSi

daxmarebis misaRebad sakuTar saelCos mimarTes. negatiuri Sinaarsis

Semcveli informaciebi saqarTveloSi arsebuli mZime kriminogenuri fonis

Sesaxeb wlebis ganmavlobaSi faqtiurad ucvlelad ido sagareo uwyebebis

veb-saitebze (internet wyaro N111).

kvlevam aCvena, rom 2009 wlidan aRniSnul veb-gverdebze ganTavsebulma

informaciebma mniSvnelovani transformacia ganicada da am periodidan

iwyeba saqarTvelos, rogorc saerTaSoriso vizitorebisaTvis usafrTxo

qveynis imijis formireba. oficialuri sagareo uwyebebis gancxadebiT,

usafrTxoebis mdgomareoba saqarTveloSi mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesda da

qveyanaSi Semcirda kriminali. ukve 2008 wlidan veb-gverdebze ideba

informaciebi, rom saqarTveloSi maTi moqalaqeebis vizitma usafrTxo da

mSvid viTarebaSi Caiara da rom, usafrTxoebis mdgomareoba mniSvnelovnad

gaumjobesda saqarTvelos ZiriTad nawilSi (internet wyaro N69). amjerad

oficialuri uwyebebis veb-gverdebidan amoRebuli iqna sakmaod vrceli

uaryofiTi saxis informaciuli masalebi dedaqalaqsa da aseve qveynis sxva

regionebSi gazrdili danaSaulis maCveneblis Sesaxeb, aseve amoRebulia

informaciebi saqarTveloSi ucxoelebis mimarT ganxorcielebuli

Zaladobrivi qmedebebis Sesaxeb.

saqarTvelo turistebisaTvis ukve aRar aRiqmeboda „saSiS qveyanad“ da

mxolod „normaluri usafrTxoebis“ standartebis dacvac sakmarisia

saqarTveloSi myofi turistisaTvis. savaraudod amis mizezi gaxda 2005-2007

51

ww. saqarTveloSi gatarebuli reformebi, rac aisaxa veb-gverdebze

ganTavsebul informaciaTa Sinaarsze.

usafrTxoebis mdgomareoba qveyanaSi

cxrili 4.

qveyana 2006 2008 2012 2013-2014

didibritaneTi

1.arsebobs ucxoelTamimarT teroristuliTavdasxmebis riski(moyvanilia 2005 welsgorSi momxdari

SemTxveva);

2.ucxoelebis mimarTdanaSauli iSviaTobasar warmoadgensqalaqis xalxmravaladgilebSi.

3.adgili aqvs wvrilmanqurdobas,avtomobilebis,sacxovrebeli saxlebisqurdobasa dadayaCaRebas, zogjerkiSeiaraRebulTavdasxmas qveynismasStabiT.

4.moyvanilia britanelibiznesmenisgatacebisSemTxveva.

5.ganTavsebuliaspecialurirekomendaciebi piradiusafrTxoebisaTvis

1.amoRebulia 2005 welsgorSi momxdariSemTxveva

1.amoRebulia informaciabritaneli biznesmenisgatacebis Sesaxeb

1.danaSaulis maCvenebeliucxoeli turistebismimarT dabalia, Tumcakvlavac rCeba

informaciaucvlelia

TanamoqalaqeebsTbilisiscentralurubnebSigadaadgilebisassifrTxilisakenmouwodeben

aSS 1.kriminalis

maCvenebeli gaizarda,rogorc saq-osdedaqalaqSi, aseve

regionebSi (qurdoba,SeiaraRebuli

Tavdasxma, adamianTa

gataceba). xSiraducxoeTis moqalaqeebixdebian agresiismsxverplni

2.dayaCaReba Zarcva,

1.informaciakriminalTandakavSirebiT ucvlelia

2.aseve ucvleli rCebarekomendaciebic

informaciaucvlelia

1.sagareo uwyebamouwodebs,gamoiCinoniseTive

sifrTxile,rogorcnebismier didqalaqSiyofnisas

2.amoRebuliagamafrTxilebeli

52

avtomobilis gatacebagaxlavT im danaSaulis75%-i ris gamoc aSS-smoqalaqeebma saelCosmimarTes.

3.aSS–is mxareusafTxoebis dacvismizniT SesabamissrekomendaciebssTavazobs

Tanamoqalaqeebs. (romiyvnen fxizlad

nebismier dros, xSiradSeicvalon

gadaadgilebis dro,marSuti dasacxovrebeli adgili

da a.S)

rekomendaciebi

Sveicaria 1.kriminalis

maCvenebeli gaizarda,rogorc saq-osdedaqalaqSi, aseve

regionebSi, sadacxSirad ucxoeTismoqalaqeebi agresiis

msxverpli xdebian.

2. gazrdili iyofizikuri Zalis

gamoyenebiT agresiis,qurdobisa dadayaCaRebisSemTxvevebirogorc sajaro

transportSi, asevesagzao-damakavSirebel

misadgomebSi.

3. mocemuli iyo rigirekomendaciebi piradiusafrToebis dacvismizniT

informacia ucvlelia 1.amoRebuliainformaciakriminaliszrdasTan daucxoelTa mimarTCadenildanaSaulTandakavSirebiT

1.kriminalimniSvnelovnadSemcirda

saqarTveloSi,Tumca maincrCebodadanaSaulisSemTxvevebifizikuri Zalis

gamoyenebiT.

2.sagareouwyebisgancxadebiT,

adamianebi,romlebicsajarodgamoxatavdnenaratradiciulseqsualur

orientacias,SesaZlebeliiyo aagresiismsxverplniaRmoCeniliyvnen

safrangeTi 1. saqarTveloSi, iseverogorc dedaqalaqSigansakuTrebuliusafrTxoebisproblema ar idga,Tumca iseTi saxisdanaSauli, rogoriciyo Zarcva da qurdobaqveyanaSi kvlavacrCeboda.

informacia ucvlelia 1.informaciausafrTxoebasTandakavSirebiTucvlelia

2.amoRebuliarekomendaciebipiradusafrTxoebasTan

informaciaucvleli rCeba

53

2.sagareo uwyebasaqarTveloSi myofsafrangeTismoqalaqeebs specialurrekomendaciebssTavazobda piradiusafrTxoebis dacvismizniT

dakavSirebiT

kanada kriminalurimdgomareoba qveyanaSi

sakmaod mZime iyo,radgan iseTi saxis

danaSaulebani,rogoric iyodayaCaReba,

avtomobilis gataceba,seqsualuri Zaladobada a.S. romelTamsxverpli ZiriTadaducxoeTis moqalaqeebi

iyvnen, sakmaod maRaliiyo rogorc

dedaqalaqSi, asevemTeli qveynismasStabiT

2.ucxoeli turistebisgataceba rCebodaseriozul problemadmTels saqarTveloSi.

1.daemata informacia, romkanadeli turistebisumravlesobis vizitmasaqarTveloSi

uproblemod Caiara.usafrTxoebismdgomareoba kigaumjobesda qveynisZiriTad nawilSi

informaciaucvlelia

informaciaucvelelia

avstralia 1.sagareo uwyeba saq–oSi Camosvlismsurvelebs didisifrTxilisakenmouwodebda, radganqveynis masStabiT, maTSoris dedaqalaqSiucxoelebis mimarTiseTi seriozulidanaSaulis riskiarsebobda, rogoriciyo adamianis,avtomobilis gataceba,Zarcva, dayaCaReba,seqsualuri Zaladobada mkvleloba.

1. informacia arSecvlila

1. amoRebuliayvela saxisnegatiuriinformaciakriminalurmdgomareobasTandakavSirebiT da

daemata:

2. saqarTveloSivizitisasmxolodnormaluriusafrTxoebiszomebisgamoyenebaasaWiro

informaciaucvlelia

grafiki 5

54

02468

10121416

2006 2008 2012 2013-14

უარყოფითიდადებითი

Tu SevajamebT oficialur veb-gverdebze qveynis usafrTxoebasTan

dakavSirebiT warmodgenil informaciebs, ikveTeba Semdegi suraTi (ix.

grafiki 5). aRniSnul grafikSi SeimCneva ufro negatiuri informaciis

kleba, vidre dadebiTis zrda. daTvlilia konkretuli uaryofiTi Sinaarsis

Semcveli informaciebi da warmodgenilia maTi zrdisa da Semcirebis

dinamika wlebis mixedviT.

b) usafrTxoeba konfliqtur da sasazRvro regionebSi

saqarTvelos turistuli imijis erT-erT seriozul safrTxes da

Semaferxebel faqtors Cveni qveynis okupirebuli, konfliqturi regionebi

warmoadgenen. maTi arseboba negatiur gavlenas axdens qveynis usafrTxoebis

garemoze da SesaZloa, saqarTvelos politikuri, ekonomikuri da

socialuri destabilizaciis mizezi aRmoCndes, amitomac sruliad

bunebrivia, rom ucxouri oficialuri uwyebebi saqarTvelos ruqaze wiTeli

feriT aRniSnaven am regionebs da Tanamoqalaqeebs mouwodeben, maTive

usafrTxoebis interesebidan gamomdinare ar gaemgzavron afxazeTsa da

“samxreT oseTSi”.

ucxoeTis sagareo saqmeTa saministroebis veb-gverdebze ganTavsebuli

informaciebi saqarTvelos konfliqtur regionebSi arsebuli usafrTxoebis

mdgomareobasTan dakavSirebiT Sinaarsobrivad TiTqmis identuria da bevrad

55

ar gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan. magaliTad 2006 wels Sveicariis sagareo

saqmeTa federaluri departamenti iuwyeboda, rom akrZalulia nebismieri

saxis gadaadgileba afxazeTis, e. w. samxreT oseTis da aseve saqarTvelo –

reseTis sasazRvro zolze, am arealSi adamianTa gatacebis, dayaCaRebis da

maT mimarT ganxorcielebuli Zaladobisa da agresiis faqtebis sixSiris

gamo. Sveicaruli mxaris informaciiT, am regionis statusi saqarTvelos

SemadgenlobaSi mudmivad davis sagani iyo, radgan aRniSnuli regioni Tavs

aridebda saqarTvelos usafrTxoebis damcvelTa kontrols (internet

wyaro N 57).

2006 wels Sveicariis, iseve rogorc safrangeTis, kanadis, aSS-s,

irlandiisa da didi britaneTis sagareo uwyebebis veb-gverdebze

turistebisaTvis saqarTvelos e.w akrZalul teritoriaTa nusxaSi

afxazeTsa da e.w “samxreT oseTTan” erTad, pankisis xeoba da svaneTic

Sedioda, Tumca svaneTi 2010 wlidan amoRebuli iqna. maTi SefasebiT,

usafrTxoebis mdgomareoba svaneTSi kvlavac cvalebadi da meryevi rCeboda,

swored amis gamo aRniSnul regionSi stumrobisas turistebs mxolod

jgufuri, organizebuli turis farglebSi adgilobriv gidTan erTad

gadaadgilebas urCevdnen. aRniSnuli informaciebi konfliqtur regionebSi

mimdinare movlenebis Sesaxeb faqtobrivad ucvlelad rCeba oficialur veb-

gverdebze.

Sveicariis sagareo uwyebis gancxadebiT, saqarTvelos zogierT

regionSi, qarTul da rusul samxedro Zalebs Soris dapirispirebis gamo,

kvlavac rCebian evropeli damkvirveblebi, romlebic kontrols uweven

regionSi arsebul mdgomareobas.

2006 wels kanadis sagareo saqmeTa da vaWrobis saministros veb-gverdi

Sesabamisi gafrTxilebebiTa da rekomendaciebiT iwyeboda, kerZod ki 2005

wlis pirvel Tebervals gorSi momxdari incidentiT, rodesac danaRmuli

avtomobilis afeTqebam oTxi adamianis sicocxle Seiwira. oficialuri

kanadis gancxadebiT, 2000 qarTveli jariskacis Seyvanam afxazeTis regionSi

centralur xelisuflebis mier regionis kontrolze ayvanis mizniT, kidev

56

ufro gaamwvava isedac daZabuli politikuri viTareba. Setakebas, romelmac

cxinvalis regionSi qarTuli da separatistuli Zalebi daupirispira

erTmaneTs, didi raodenobiT msxverpli mohyva (internet wyaro N69). 2004

wlis 20 agvistos qarTulma jarebma daTmes TavianTi pozicia, romlis

Semdgomac samSvidobo Zalebi icaven da akontroleben regions.

aRniSnuli informacia saitidan 2008 wels qreba da Cndeba

usafrTxoebis axali grafa, romelSic saqarTvelo usafrTxoebis

mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT me-2 grafaSi iqna ganTavsebuli. es im faqtze

miuTiTebda, rom sagareo uwyebis SefasebiT, saqarTvelo iyo qveyana, sadac

Zalian didi sifrTxile marTebdaT turistebs, xolo Cveni qveynis

konfliqturi regionebi ki dRemde bolo grafaSi rCeba, sadac nebismieri

saxis gadaadgileba akrZalulia turistebisaTvis. sagareo uwyeba aseve

mouwodebda sakuTar moqalaqeebs, Tavi aeridebinaT samegrelosaTvis,

kerZod zugdidisa da walenjixisTvis, pankisis xeobisa da aseve gudauris

CrdiloeTiT mdebare saqarTvelos samxedro gzisTvis.

kanadis, didi britaneTisa da irlandiis (iseve rogorc yvela danarCeni

saxelmwifoebis) sagareo uwyebebis veb-gverdebze ganTavsebuli

informaciebis ganaxleba 2008 wels momxdari movlenebiT daiwyo, maTi

SefasebiT ruseTTan konfliqtis Semdeg, romelsac seriozuli samxedro

Setakebebi mohyva, Tumca mdgomareoba saqarTveloSi stabiluri iyo

(internet wyaro N56). separatistuli regionebi kvlavac rusuli Zalebis

kontrol qveS rCebodnen. dRemde akrZalulia saqarTvelos teritoriaze

Semosvla e.w samxreT oseTisa da afxazeTis gavliT, radgan ar xdeba

oficialuri sazRvris kontroli da separatistuli reJimebis „vizis“

aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi, saqarTvelos xelisufleba aRniSnul faqts

ganixilavs, sazRvris ukanono kveTad da dakisrebuli sasjeli

iTvaliswinebs 4 wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkveTas.

2008 wels safrangeTis sagareo saqmeTa saministros faqtiurad

aranairi saxis Sefaseba da komentari ar gaukeTebia ruseT – saqarTvelos

agvistos omis movlenebis Sesaxeb, Tumca saqarTveloSi ucxoeli

57

turistebisaTvis „akrZalul teritoriebs“ 2008 wels kodoris xeobac

daemata, svaneTi ki „SezRuduli gadaadgilebis“ regionTa nusxidan 2010

wels iqna amoRebuli (internet wyaro N 87).

suraTi 6

wyaro: rCevebi mogzaurebs, “saqarTvelos ruqa”, safrangeTis sagareo saqmeTa

saministro

wiTeli feri - oficialurad akrZalulia

narinjisferi- akrZalulia, garda araaucilebeli mizezebisa

yviTeli- gaZlierebuli sifxizle

mwvane- normaluri sifxizle

2008 wels didi britaneTis oficialuri uwyebis veb-gverdis ganaxlebis

Semdeg, saqarTvelos konfliqtur regionebTan mimarTebaSi faqtiurad

aranairi saxis cvlileba ar yofila Sesuli. 2011 wels ki gaerTianebuli

samefos sagareo da Tanamegobrobis ofisis saitze, iseve rogorc aSS-s

saxelmwifo departamentis veb-gverdze Cndeba oficialuri gancxadebebi,

imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom maTi xelisufleba ar cnobs da ar aRiarebs

saqarTvelos teritoriaze Seqmnil separatistuli reJimebis calmxriv

damoukideblobas, aseve maTi moqalaqeebis mxridan okupirebul regionebSi

arsebuli sakuTrebis SeZenis SemTxvevaSi, aRniSnul faqts SesaZloa

mohyoloda seriozuli finansuri da samarTlebrivi eqscesebi. uZravi

qonebis Semsyidvelebs am regionebSi SesaZloa pasuxi egoT rogorc

saqarTvelos, aseve maTive qveynis kanonmdeblobis winaSe.

58

aSS-s saxelmwifo departamenti iuwyeba, rom saqarTvelos teritoriaze

Sesvla akrZalulia ruseTis mxridan da kanoniT SesaZlebelia mxolod

saqarTvelodan, romlis Semdgomac moyvanilia “kanonis okupirebuli

teritoriebis Sesaxeb” me-6 muxlis a, b, g, d da e punqtebi, romlebic

moicavs okupirebul teritoriaze ganxorcielebul nebismier ekonomikur

saqmianobas, samxedro da ormagi daniSnulebis produqtis Setana-gamotanas,

sahaero da sazRvao mimosvlas, saxelmwifo resursebiT sargeblobas,

sarkinigzo mimosvlasa da saerTaSoriso sagzao satransporto gadazidvas

(internet wyaro N111).

aRniSnuli informacia kidev erTxel adasturebs didi britaneTisa da

aSS-s mxardaWeras saqarTvelos suverenitetisa da teritoriuli

mTlianobisadmi.

rac Seexeba amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departaments,

igi yvelaze vrclad da, amave dros, amomwurav informacias iZleva

saqarTveloSi arsebuli mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. ai ra saxis informacias

avrcelebda 2006 wels amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo

departamenti saqarTvelos Sesaxeb:

„1990 wlis samoqalaqo omis Sedegad saqarTvelos teritoriaze ori

separatistuli regioni Camoyalibda, romelic ver kontroldeba

centraluri xelisuflebis mier. daZabuloba rCeba Zalian mwvave de faqto

afxazeTs, samxreT oseTsa da saqarTvelos Soris. arastabiluri

politikuri mdgomareobis gamo, aRniSnul regionebSi kriminalis

maCvenebeli kvlav maRalia (adamianTa gataceba, dayaCaReba da sxva saxis

Zaladoba), Sesabamisad viTareba afxazeTsa da samxreT oseTSi kvlav

araprognozirebadi rCeboda. Tavdasxmebi, adamianTa gataceba da sxva da

sxva saxis danaSaulebrivi incidentebi mudmiv da uwyvet xasiaTs atarebda

ukanaskneli wlebis ganmavlobaSi. xSirad saqarTvelos am or regionSi

separatistuli reJimebis de faqto "sazRvris damcavi pirebi "TavianT rus

kolegebTan erTad turistebs "vizis" SeZenas sTxovdnen. Tumca amerikis

SeerTebuli Statebis mTavroba ar aRiarebs da ar cnobs aranairi saxis

59

defaqto xelisuflebis iurisdiqcias saqarTvelos am regionebSi”(internet

wyaro N 111).

saqarTvelos konfliqtur regionebTan mimarTebaSi aRniSnuli

informaciebis ganaxleba da Secvla faqtiurad 2008 wlis agvistos omis

Semdeg moxda yvela oficialur veb-gverdze. aSS-s saxelmwifo

departamentis SefasebiT, seriozul samxedro dapirispirebas qonda adgili

qarTul or separatistul regionsa da ruseTis Sereul Zalebs Soris 2008

wlis agvistoSi samxreT oseTisa da afxazeTis regionebis mimdebare

teritoriebze, ramac udanaSaulo da mSvidobiani adamianebis didi

msxverpli gamoiwvia, 100 aTasi adamiani sakuTari sacxovrebeli adgilebidan

gamoZevebuli aRmoCnda (internet wyaro N 111). 2008 wlis agvistos

konfliqtis dros ruseTis federaciis SeiaraRebuli Zalebis mier

ramdenime kviris ganmavlobaSi okupirebuli iqna goris mimdebare

teritoria. agvistos movlenebis Semdeg, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis

saxelmwifo departamentis saitze ganTavsebuli informacia saqarTvelos

konfliqtur regionebSi arsebul mdgomareobasTan mimarTebaSi faqtiurad

ucvleli rCeba dRemde. 2011 wels oficialuri uwyebis gancxadebiT,

ruseTis SeiaraRebuli Zalebi kvlav agrZeleben saqarTvelos ori

separatistuli regionis okupacias. daZabuloba kvlav mwvave rCeba

separatistul regionebsa da saqarTvelos xelisuflebas Soris (internet

wyaro N111).

eWvgareSea, rom 2008 wlis omma mniSvnelovnad gaauaresa usafrTxoebis

garemo saqarTveloSi da didi dartyma miayena saqarTvelos

saxelmwifoebriv imijs, konfliqtur regionebSi ukanonod ganTavsda

ruseTis federaciis saokupacio Zalebi. amasTan am regionebSi uaRresad

maRalia kriminaluri aqtivoba, romelic damatebiTi destabilizaciis

wyaroa.

aseve saintereso aRmoCnda ruseTis rolis Sefaseba 2008 wlis agvistos

movlenebSi, aseve iyo Tu ara romelime qveynis mier ruseTi moxseniebulia

da warmodgenili, rogorc saqarTvelos teritoriebis okupanti qveyana.

60

aRmoCnda, rom yvela oficialuri sagareo uwyeba agvistos omis movlenebis

Sesaxeb ZiriTadad mSrali, informaciuli saxis SetyobinebiT

Semoifargleboda. Sveicaruli mxaris SefasebiT, mxolod SeiaraRebul

dapirispirebas hqonda adgili qarTul da rusul mxareebs Soris, frangul

mxares aranairi saxis komentari ar gaukeTebia da igi mxolod

dazaralebuli qarTuli mosaxleobisaTvis evropuli qveynebis mier

gaweuli humanitaruli daxmarebis amsaxveli informaciiT Semoifargla,

kanadis sagareo saqmeTa da vaWrobis saministro ki miiCnevda, rom

saxmeleTo da sahaero dapirispirebas hqonda adgili e.w samxreT oseTSi,

foTsa da Tbilisis maxloblad, romlis Semdeg 15-16 agvistos mxareebs

Soris xeli moewera xelSekrulebas cecxlis Sewyvetis Taobaze. germaniis

sagareo urTierTobaTa biuros gverdze ki arsad ar figurirebs ruseTi,

arc 2008 wlis omis movlenebSi da arc saqarTvelos separatistul

regionebTan mimarTebaSi da igi mxolod informaciuli SetyobinebiT

SemoisazRvra, rom germaniis respublika iyo pirveli saxelmwifo, romelmac

2008 wlis agvistos omis dros humanitaruli daxmareba gauwia saqarTvelos

da romelic aseve ara erTxel Seecada mediatoris rolis Sesruleba

saqarTvelosa da separatistuli afxazeTis respublikas Soris urTierToba

dasaregulireblad (internet wyaro N 63 ).

yvelaze Tanmimdevruli saqarTvelos okupirebul regionebSi

ganviTarebul movlenaTa ganzogadebisas amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis

saxelmwifo departamenti da avstraliis sagareo uwyeba aRmoCnda, romelTa

SefasebiTac, saqarTvelo-ruseTis 2008 wlis agvistos konfliqtis Semdeg,

aRniSnuli teritoriebis okupacias kvlavac agrZeleben rusuli Zalebi

(internet wyaro N 111). Tumca 2013 wlis bolos aSS-s saxelmwifo

departamentis veb-gverdze, saqarTvelos mimarT mxardaWeris gamomxatveli

aRniSnuli informacia amoRebuli iqna.

2013 wels didi britaneTis sagareo uwyebis veb-gverdze daido

gamafrTxilebeli informacia turistebisaTvis, rom saqarTvelo-

azerbaijanis sazRvarTan, daviT garejis monastris monaxulebis dros

61

gamoeCinaT meti sifrTxile, radgan sazRvari aRuniSnavia. samwuxarod,

aRniSnuli rekomendacia realobas warmoadgens, vinaidan mravaljer iqna

gaJRerebuli masmediis saSualebebSi, rom araTu qarTvel momlocvelebs,

aramed turistebsac ki araerTxel SeqmniaT zogierT qarTul monasterTan

miaxloebis problema. aRniSnuli faqtebi araerTxel iqna uaryofili jer

kidev wina xelisuflebis kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis ministris mier da

msgavsi saxis incidentebis mTavar mizezad mxolod administraciul

sazRvarze vizitorebisaTvis vizis arqona saxeldeboda. nika ruruas

gancxadebiT, “es samwuxaro realobaa, Tumca teritoriis es nawili

azerbaijanis sakuTrebaa (daviT garejSi problema ucxoel turistebs

SeeqmnaT, 2012 ). dRes es teritoria gamomdinare sazRvris danawilebidan,

romelic sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg moxda, aris azerbaijanis

teritoriaze, magram mimdinareobs molaparakebebi maT xelmZRvanelobasTan,

rom ramenairad es teritoria xelmisawvdomi iyos yvelasTvis saqarTvelos

mxridan.”

62

cxrili 7.

usafrTxoeba konfliqtur da sasazRvro regionebSi

qveyana 2008 2008 2012 2013-2014

didibritaneTi

akrZaluliagadaadgileba e.wsamxreT oseTSi,afxazeTSi, pankisisxeobasa da svaneTSi

1.ucvlelad rCebaZveli informacia,magramgafarTovda“akrZalulteritoriaTa” nusxa dadaemata:

2.goris CrdiloeTiTmdebare soflebi da27-e gza (sadackvlavac rCebapolitikuri dasamxedro daZabuloba).

2. akrZalulteritoriaTa nusxidanamoRebuli iqnasvaneTi.

3. Cndeba informacia,rom akrZalulia saq-SiSemosvla afxazeTisada samxreT oseTidan,(rac iTvleba sisxlissamarTlis danaSauladda iTvaliswinebs 4wlamde TavisuflebisaRkveTas)

ucvlelia 2008welsganaxlebuliinformacia

1. daematainformacia, romdaviT garejismonasterSistumrobisasgamoiCinonsifrTxilesaqarTvelo-azerbaijanissazRvarTan, radganaRniSnulisazRvariaRuniSnavia

aSS 1.aSS-s mxarekrZalavdaafxazeTsa da e.wsamxreT oseTSigadaadgilebas,romelic verkontroldeba saq-os centralurixelisuflebis mier.

2.aSS-sxelisufleba araRiarebda aranairisaxis de faqtoxelisuflebisiurisdiqciassaqarTvelos amregionebSi

ucvleli rCebainformacia da daemata:

2. 2008 wlis agvistoSisamxedrokonfrontacias hqondaadgili qarTul daSereul rusul ZalebsSoris e.w samxreToseTisa da afxazeTismimdebaretoritoriebze, ramacudanaSaulo adamianTamsxverpli gamoiwvia,xolo 100000 adamianiiZulebiT iqnagadaadgilebuli

2. ruseTis Zalebismier okupirebuli iqnaaRniSnuli teritoria,

informaciaucvlelia dadaemata:

2. aSS-sxelisufleba,iseve rogorcTanamegobrobisumravlesoba araRiarebsaranairi saxisde faqtoxelisuflebisiurisdiqciassaq-os amregionebSi

amoRebuli iqnainformaciasaqarTvelosteritoriulimTlianobismxadaWeris Sesaxebda daemata: saq-oskanoni adgens, romaSS-s moqalaqeebsam regionebSiSeuZliaT Sesvlamxolod saq-osmxridan da araruseTidan. saq-oskanoni“okupirebuliteritoriebisSesaxeb” ukanonodxdis Semdeg

63

sadac kvlavacarsebobs aufeTqebelinaRmebis saSiSroeba

valdebulebebs:

ekonomikurisaqmianobisSezRudvaokupirebulteritoriebze,muxlebis amonaridi“saqarTveloskanonidanokupirebuliteritoriebisSesaxeb:”

nebismieriekonomikurisaqmianobasaWiroebslicenziis annebarTvismopovebas, anuaseTi saqmianobasaq-oskanonmdeblobisSesabamisadsaWiroebsSeTanxmebas, aseTisararsebobisSemTxvevaSi.

samxedro da ormagidaniSnulebisproduqciis Setanaan gamotana

saerT. sahaeo dasazRvao mimosvla

sarkinigzomimosvla da saer.satransportogadazidva

saxelmwiforesursebiTsargebloba

Sveicaria 1.akrZaluliagadaadgilebaafxazeTSi, e. wsamxreT oseTSi,pankisis xeobaSi,svaneTsa daruseTTansasazRvro zolSi.

informacia ucvlelirCeba da daemata:

2.SeiaraRebulkonfrontacias hqondaadgili qarTul darusul samxedroSeiaraRebul ZalebsSoris qveynis zogierTregionSi. daibombasamxedro bazebi,infrastruqtura dasarkinigzo qseli,romelmac mravali

informaciaucvleli rCeba

2.akrZalulteritoriaTanusxidanamoRebuli iqnasvaneTi dapankisis xeoba

1.daemata: 2008 wlissamxedrokonfrontaciisSemdgom qarTul darusul ZalebsSoris,usafrTxoebispirobebinormaluria qveynisZiriTad nawilSi

64

adamianis sicocxleSeiwira.

safrangeTi 1.safrangeTissagareo uwyebakrZalavdamogzaurobas:separatistulafxazeTSi, e.wsamxreT oseTSi,pankisis xeobaSi,svaneTsa dasaqarTvelo-ruseTTansasazRvro zolSi,aseve goris-samxreToseTisaken mimavalgzaze

informaciebiucvlelia

1.akrZalulteritoriaTanusxidanamoRebuli iqnasvaneTi dakodoris xeoba

informaciaucvlelia

kanada 1.kanadisxelisuflebakrZalavdayovelgvari saxisgadaadgilebasTviTgamocxadebulafxazeTSi, samxreToseTSi, zugdidis,walenjixis,svaneTisregionebSi, pankisisxeobaSi, gudaurisCrdiloeTiT saq-ossamxedro gzaze

1. 2008 wlis 7-12agvistos samxedrokonfrontacias hqondaadgili afxazeTSi,samxreT oseTSi,foTSi, gorsa daTbilisis maxloblad.

2.aufeTqebeli naRmebisafrTxes warmoadgenssaqarTvelos imteritoriebze, sadacsamxedro operaciebshqonda adgili.

daZabuloba ki kvlavmwvave rCebaseparatistulregionebSi.

3.akrZalulteritoriaTa nusxidanamoRebuli iqna:samegrelo raioni,svaneTi, pankisis xeoba,

4. “akrZalulteritoriebs” amjeraddaemata foTi da gori

informaciaucvlelia

1.amoRebuliainformacia 2008wlis movlenebTandakavSirebiT;

2.kanadis sagareouwyeba ar urCevsTanamoqalaqeebs,gadaadgilebas imregionebSi,romelic ruseTsesazRvreba, aseveTviTgamocxadebulafxazeTsa dasamxreT oseTSi

avstralia 1.sagareo uwyebaurCevda, rom aremogzauraT e.wsamxreT oseTSi,afxazeTsa dapankisis xeobaSi

1.daemata informacia,rom miuxedavad imisa,rom samxedrooperaciebi SewydasaqarTveloSi,daZabuloba kvlavacmwvave rCeba regionSi,rusuli nawilebi ki

rCebainformaciaakrZalulsamxreT oseTis,afxazeTis dapankisisxeobasTan

informaciaucvlelia

65

kvlavac inarCunebdnenpoziciebs perevSi,axalgorSi, kodorisxeobaSi, aseve samxreToseTisa da afxazeTissxva teritoriebze

dakavSirebiT;

2.amoRebuliainformacia, romrusuli jarebikvlavac rCebianperevsa daaxalgorSi

grafiki 8.

saqarTvelos konfliqtur da sasazRvro regionebis Sesaxeb ganTavsebuli

uaryofiTi Sinaarsis Semcvel informaciaTa dinamika

rac Seexeba oficialur veb-gverdebze saqarTvelos konfliqtur da

sasazRvro regionebis Sesaxeb ganTavsebul informaciebs, Semdegi suraTi

ikveTeba (ix. grafiki 8). aRniSnul grafikSi 2006 wlidan SeimCneva

uaryofiTi informaciis zrda, romelmac gansakuTrebul zRvars 2008 wlis

agvistos saomari moqmedebebis periodSi miaRwia, Tumca 2012 wlidan

fiqsirdeba negatiuri informaciis umniSvnelo kleba da dadebiTis

(umniSvnelod, magram mainc) zrda.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

2006 2008 2012 2013-14


66

g) sagzao infrastruqturis mdgomareoba

Cvens mier Seswavlili qveynebis oficialuri uwyebebis veb-gverdebze

(safrangeTis respublikis sagareo uwyebis garda), 2006 wlidan dRemde

ucvlelad rCeba saqarTveloSi sagzao infrastruqturis mZime

mdgomareobis amsaxveli informaciebi. maTi SefasebiT, saqarTveloSi

saavtomobilo gzebis umravlesoba mZime mdgomareobaSia, xolo qveynis

moSorebul regionebSi avtomobiliT gadaadgileba rTulia. qarTveli

avtomZRolebis didi nawilis mier avtomobiliT moZraoba

araprognozirebadia, xSirad maT mier adgili aqvs sagzao wesebis

ignorirebas, rac zrdis avto-avariebis SemTxvevebs, xolo RamiT qveynis

masStabiT gadaadgileba ki faqtiurad SeuZlebeli xdeba.

negatiuri Sinaarsis informaciebi saqarTveloSi arsebul

saavtomobilo infrastruqturis, gaurkveveli da damabneveli sagzao

wesebis da qarTveli mZRolebis araprognozirebadi moZraobis Sesaxeb ukve

wlebia, rac ucvleli rCeba aRniSnuli uwyebebis oficialur saitebze.

gansakuTrebulad negatiuri Sinaarsis informaciebi saqarTveloSi

arsebuli satransporto da sagzao infrastruqturis Sesaxeb 2006 wlidan

dRemde ucvlelad devs kanadis sagareo saqmeTa da vaWrobis saminitros

veb-gverdze, romlis SefasebiT, saqarTveloSi TviTmfrinavis, an sxva saxis

satransporto saSualebis lodini did moTminebasTan asocirdeba, radgan

transportis dagvianeba qveyanaSi Cveul movlenas warmoadgens da swored

amitom, sakuTar moqalaqeebs mudmivad gaWedili sajaro transportis

gamoyenebisagan TavSekavebas urCevs. rogorc Cans, kanadis sagareo uwyebas

aseTive skeptikuri damokidebuleba aqvs qarTveli taqsis mZRolebis mimarT

da saqarTveloSi myof turistebs taqsis oficialuri servisis

gamoyenebamde mZRolebTan mgzavrobis safasuris dazustebas urCevs

(internet wyaro N 69, gv. 3).

67

xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos, rom mxolod safrangeTis sagareo saqmeTa

saministro aRmoCnda faqtiurad erTaderTi oficialuri uwyeba, romelmac

adeqvaturi Sefaseba misca saqarTveloSi sagzao infrastruqturaSi

ganxorcielebul dadebiT cvlilebebs. 2006 wlidan moyolebuli wlebis

ganmavlobaSi faqtiurad ucvlelad ido informacia imis Taobaze, rom

mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesda infrastruqturis mdgomareoba qveyanaSi, radgan

sagzao misadgomebi ganaxlebuli an ganaxlebis procesSi imyofeboda. Tumca

2014 wels moxda aRniSnuli informaciis Canacvleba pozitiuri Sinaarsis

informaciuli SetyobinebiT, imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom saqarTvelos

infrastruqturis saministros cnobiT, saqarTveloSi ZiriTadi sagzao

qseli 1 528 km. evropul standartebs Seesabameba, xolo saSualod gzebis

91% da adgilobrivi gzebis 57% karg mdgomareobaSia, Tumca aRniSnulia,

rom saqarTvelos saavtomobilo gzebze usafrTxoeba Semcirebulia da

moyvanilia saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros statistikuri

monacemebi, romelze dayrdnobiTac 2013 wels saqarTveloSi dafiqsrebuli

iyo 514 sikvdilis SemTxveva 4, 5 milion adamianze.

rogorc saxmeleTo satransporto infrastruqtura, aseve qarTuli

saaviacio servisic aseTive uaryofiTi imijiT sargeblobs gaerTianebuli

samefos sagareo da Tanamegobrobis veb-gverdze. sagareo uwyebis SefasebiT,

saqarTvelos aviaxazebi ar Seesabameba da ver akmayofilebs saerTaSoriso

aviaxazebis usafarTxoebis standartebs, ris gamoc oficialuri uwyeba

Tanamoqalaqeebs urCevs, rom Tavi aaridon saqarTvelodan daugegmav an

arasaerTaSoriso frenebs aseTi alternatiuli frenebis arsebobis

SemTxvevaSi.

ucxoeTis saxelmwifoebis sagareo uwyebebis veb-gverdebze saqarTvelos

infrastruqturis Sesaxeb ganTavsebul informaciaTa detaluri Seswavlis

Sedegad dadginda, rom Cvens qveyanaSi arsebuli sagzao infrastruqturis

mdgomareobas isini uaryofiTad afaseben. mgzavrTa transportirebis dros

naklebad aris daculi maTi uflebebi da gadaadgilebis usafrTxoeba,

68

xolo qarTuli aviakompaniebi ki ver akmayofileben saerTaSoriso

usafrTxoebis aucilebel standartebs (ix. grafiki 9).

cxrili 9.

qveyana 2006 2008 2012 2013-2014

didibritaneTi

1.avtomobilTa didinawili cud

mdgomareobaSia;

2. RamiT gzebi cudadan dabali xarisxisSuqiT aris

ganaTebuli.

3. sagzao pirobebistresulia daxSirad avtomobilismarTva gaugebaria

informacia ucvlelia informaciaucvlelia

informaciaucvlelia dadamatebulia

1.Zlieri wvimebi,wyaldidoba dauxvi naleqimoSorebulregionebSigadaadgilebasrTuls anSeuZlebelsac kixdis

aSS 1.saq-Si avtomobilismarTvisas ukiduresi

sifrTxilea saWiroa.mravaliadgilobrivi mZRoliar moqmedebsmoZraobis wesebisSesabamisad. xSiradadgili aqvs sagzaowesebis srulignorirebas.motocikletistebixSirad

daufiqreblad,areulad dagadaWarbebulisiCqariT atarebenmotos, romelTaganacaraerTia alkoholisan narkotikebiszemoqmedebis qveS.fexiT mosiaruleebsZalian didisifrTxile marTebTquCis gadakveTisas.

2.qveynis masStabiT(centraluri gzebisgarda) gzebi dagzatkecilebi cud

mdgomareobaSia,moupirkeTebelia daxSirad ar gaaCniaT

sagzao niSnebi,

informacia arSecvlila

informaciaucvlelia

1. informaciaucvlelia da

damatebulia:

2. saq–Siaucileblobas ar

warmoadgens, romavtomobilTausafrTxoebadadasturebuli

iyos, da amitomzogierTavtomobils ara

aqvT ukana, an winafarebi

69

centri xaziT da

ganaTeba. RamiTmogzaurebagansakuTrebiTsaxifaTo SesaZloaaRmoCndes mTian

regionebSi. zamTarSiuxvma naleqma gzebiSeiZleba miuvalicki gaxados

Sveicaria 1.saq-Si Zalian bevrisaavtomobilo gza

cud mdgomareobaSia.moSorebuliregionebiavtomobiliT ZalianxSirad rTulad

misadgomia.

2. saq-Si Zalian bevrimZRolis mieravtomobilisaraprognozirebadimarTva da sagzaowesebis xSiriignorireba zrdis

avtoavariebis riks.

3. RamiTsaqalaqoTaSorisogadaadgileba ar

SeiZleba.

informacia ucvlelia informaciaucvlelia

1. informaciaucvlelia dadamatebulia

2. avtomobilTa

umravlesoba,romelic cudteqnikur

mdgomareobaSia,zrdis avtoavariis

risks.

safrangeTi 1.sagzao qselimniSvnelovnadgaumjobesda saq-Si.sagzao misadgomebiganaxlebulia, anganaxlebisprocesSia2.avtomobilTamoZraoba naklebdisciplinirebulia,rac avtoavariebismTavar mizezswarmoadgens



1.saq-osinfrastruqturissaministos cnobiT,saq-Si ZiriTadisagzao qseli 1 528km. evropulstandartebsSeesabameba, xolosaSualo gzebis91% daadgilobrivigzebis 57% kargmdomareobaSiimyofeba

2.arausafrTxoebagzebze gazrdilia(2013 wels 514sikvdilisSemTxveva 4.5milion adamianze)

3. avtomobilismZRolebsgansakuTrebulisifrTxile

70

marTebTgansakurebiT Rame,miwisqveSagadasasvlelebTanTan

kanada 1.satransportosaSualebebisdagvianebasaq-Si SiCveul movlenas

warmoadgens;

2.sajarosatransporto

saSualebebis (metro,avtobusi da a.S)gamoyenebisagan

TavSekavebas urCeven,radganac sajarotransportisaqarTveloSimudmivadgadaWedilia.

3.saqarTveloSi myofturistebs taqsisoficialuriservisisgamoyenebamdemZRolTanmgzavrobissafasurisdazustebas urCeven.

3. cudmdgomareobaSi myofigzebi, sagzaoniSnebis ignoriebada arasakmariganaTeba zrdisavtoavariebis risks.

4.nebismier drosmosalodneliaquCidan didisiswrafiT momavaliavtomobilismoulodneligamoCena.

1. amoRebuliainformaciasatransportosaSualebebis

dagvianebebis Sesaxeb.

2. amoRebuliainformacia sajarotransportSi

xalxmravlobisSesaxeb.

3. rCeba informaciagzebisa da sagzaoganaTebebis cudmdgomareobaSi

yofnisSesaxeb;

4. rCeba rekomendaciataqsis mZolebTansagzao safasuriswinaswar dazustebisSesaxeb



avstralia 1.saq-oSi gzebi cudmdgomareobaSia,moZraobadamabnevelia daZalian xSirad xdebasagzao wesebisa daSuqniSnebisignorireba

mZRolebis mier.

informacia ucvlelia

da damatebulia:

2. sajaro transporti

(avtobusebi,matareblebi da

taqsebi) SesaZloausafrTxo araRmoCndes

1.damatebulia

informacia,rom rCebamoqalaqeTaZarcvisa daTavdasxmisSemTxvevebi

matarebelSi,maT SorisTbilisismTavar


71

sadgurze

saqarTvelos satrasporto infrastruqturis Sesaxeb ganTavsebuli, uaryofiTi

Sinaarsis Semcvel informaciaTa dinamika

grafiki 10

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

2006 2008 2012 2013-14


saqarTvelos satrasporto infrastruqturis mdgomareobis amsaxvel

grafikSi (ix. grafiki 10) mkafiod ikveTeba, rom 2006 wels saqarTveloSi

infrastruqturis mdgomareoba ukiduresad mZime iyo, Tumca 2008 wlis

Semdeg fiqsirdeba uaryofiTi Sinaarsis informaciaTa kleba da dadebiTis

zrda 2014 wlidan.

d) jandacva saqarTveloSi

Sveicariis konfederaciis sagareo saqmeTa federaluri departamenti,

iseve rogorc sxva saxelmwifoebis oficialuri uwyebebi sakmaod

nagatiurad afaseben saqarTveloSi jandacvis sistemis ganviTarebis dones.

maTi SefasebiT, ZiriTadi saswrafo samedicino daxmarebis miReba

saqarTveloSi mxolod dedaqalaqSia SesaZlebeli, romlis samedicino

servisi ar Seesabameba da ver akmayofilebs evropul standartebs (internet

wyaro N 57, gv. 4). seriozuli Wrilobis an avadmyofobis SemTxvevaSi,

72

sagareo uwyebebi turistebs samSobloSi ukan dabrunebas urCevs. 2010 wels

moxda gverdis ganaxleba da amjerad daido axali informacia rom,

saqarTvelos mTian regionebSi avtoavariis da avadmyofobis SemTxvevaSi

swraf da efeqtur samedicino daxmarebas ar unda moelodnen

dazaralebuli turistebi. samwuxarod, negatiuri Sinaarsis informaciebi

saqarTveloSi arsebuli jandacvis sferos Sesaxeb 2006 wlidan dRemde

faqtiurad ucvlelia TiTqmis yvela veb-gverdze da masze aranairad ar

asaxula saqarTvelos jandacvis sistemaSi mimdinare axali miRwevebi da

warmatebebi.

safrangeTis sagareo saqmeTa saministros saitze janmrTelobis

Sesaxeb ganTavsebul informaciaSi ZiriTadad im daavadebebzea

gamaxvilebuli yuradReba, romlebic seriozul safrTxed da problemad

rCeba qveyanaSi, swored aseTi gaxlavT cofi. oficialuri franguli mxaris

gancxadebiT, cofi farTod aris gavrcelebuli saqarTveloSi, maT Soris

dedaqalaqSic. qalaqSi Tavisuflad mosiarule mawanwala ZaRlebi cofis

virusis matarebelni arian. swored amitomac, im turistebs, romlebic didi

xniT apireben saqarTveloSi darCenas, prevenciuli vaqcinaciisaken

mouwodeben. seriozul problemad rCeba saqarTveloSi aseve hepatiti,

brucelozi da tuberkuliozi (internet wyaro, N 87 gv.3).

2006 wels aSS-s saxelmwifo departamentis SefasebiT, samedicino

momsaxureba saqarTveloSi SezRuduli iyo. qveyana ganicdida pirveladi

saxis samedicino medikamentebis maragis mwvave deficits, masSi

moiazreboda, rogorc antibiotikebi, aseve sxva anesTezuri saSualebebi

(internet wyaro, N 111). aRniSnuli informaciis ganaxleba saitze 2010

wlidan moxda, amerikuli mxaris SefasebiT, dRes saqarTveloSi dasavluri

standartebis samedicino momsaxurebis miReba SezRudulia, Tumca qveynis

jandacva kvlav ganagrZobs progresisaken swrafvas. Tbilisis, baTumis da

quTaisis gareT dRemde rCeba samedicino aparaturisa da medicinis

SesaZleblobebis deficiti. aSS-s oficialuri uwyebis gancxadebiT, xSir

SemTxvevaSi ucxoeli turistebi qarTul saavadmyofoebSi eqimebisagan

73

dauyonebliv pirdapir fulad angariSsworebas unda moelodnen

gadaudebeli samedicino momsaxurebis miRebamde. tuberkuliozi gaxlavT is

daavadeba, romelsac axasiaTebs zrdis tendencia saqarTveloSi da kvlav

rCeba erT-erT seriozul problemad qveynis jandacvis sistemaSi.

ucxoeTis saxelmwifoebis oficialuri uwyebebis veb-gverdebis

Seswavlis Sedegad dadginda, rom isini kvlav negatiurad afaseben

jandacvis sferoSi arsebul mdgomareobas saqarTveloSi. miaCniaT, rom

Tbilisis saavadmyofoebSi mkurnaloba Zviri jdeba, xolo samedicino

dawesebulebebi dedaqalaqis gareT sakmaod SezRuduli raodenobiTaa.

qarTveli eqimebi samedicino momsaxureobis anazRaurebas dauyonebliv da

naRdi angariSsworebiT moiTxoven, rac SesaZloa, rom sakmaod did

TanxebTan iyos dakavSirebuli.

cxrili 11.

qveyana 2006 2008 2012 2013-2014

didibritaneTi

dedaqalaqSisamedicinodawesebulebebifunqcionirebs,Tumca TbilisisgareT maTiraodenobaSezRudulia.samedicinodawesebulebebSipacientTamkurnalobaSesaZloa sakmaodZviri aRmoCndes.

2.saqarTveloSi cofifarTodaagavrcelebuli

informaciaucvlelia

informaciaucvlelia

informaciaucvlelia

aSS samedicino servisisaqarTveloSi

SezRudulia.arsebobs pirveladisamedicinomedikamentebis mwvave

deficiti (rogorcantibiotikebis, aseveanesTezuri

informaciaucvlelia

Seicvalainformacia:

1.dasavluristandartebisSesabamisisamedicino servisisaq-SiSezRudulia,magram saq-os

informaciaucvlelia

74

saSualebebis) jandacva kvlavacagrZelebsgaumjobesebas.Tbilisis, baTumisada quTaisis gareTsamedicinodawesebulebebisada aparaturisdeficitia.qarTveli eqimebixSirad,gadaudebelsamedicinomomsaxurebamde,pacientebisaganmoiTxoven naRdangariSsworebas

Sveicaria pirveladi saswrafosamedicino servisismiReba mxolodTbilisSia

SesaZlebeli, Tumcaigi ar Seesabameba daar akmayofilebsevropul

standartebs. ZiriTadsamedicino servisSimoiazrebaerTjeradiSpricebisa dasaxvevebiTpacientebis

uzrunvelyofa. xoloseriozuli WrilobisSemTxvevaSi sagareouwyeba SveicarielebsSin dabrunebas urCevs

informaciaucvelelia

informaciaganaxlebulia dadamatebulia, rom:

1. qveynismoSorebulregionebSiavadmyofobis anavtoavariis

SemTxvevaSi, swrafda efeqtursamedicino servissar unda moelodnenpacientebi

amoRebuliamxolod 2006 w.ganTavsebuliinformaciaimis Taobaze,rom saq-oSisamedicioservisi verSeesabamebaevropulstandartebs

safrangeTi 1.safrangeTissagareo uwyebisinformaciiT, cofiseriozulproblemad rCeba saq-Si, iseve rogorctuberkuliozi,romelic farTodaris gavrcelebulirogorc iZulebiTgadaadgilebulpirebs Soris, aseveqarTulsapatimroebSi.

informaciaucvlelia

informacia arSecvlila

informaciaidenturia

75

2.adgilobrivmasanitarulmasamsaxurebmadaadastures, romTbilisSi Zalianbevri mawanwalaZaRli cofismatarebelia

kanada 1.sagareo uwyebaturistebs saq-SisamedicinodawesebulebebisaganTavSekavebas urCevs,radgan isiniSesaZloa cudadiyvnen aRWurvilni

informaciaamoRebulia

1. TbilisSimravalispecializebulisamedicinoservisia, magramdedaqalaqis gareTsamedicinodawesebulebebiiSviaTad gvxdeba.samedicino servisisaq-Si Zviria daxSirad eqimebipacientebisgannaRdangariSsworebasiTxoven. mZimedazianebis, anavadmyofobisSemTxvevaSi,turistisaTvisSesaZloa saWiroaRmoCndesZviradRirebulievakuacia.

informaciaucvlelia

avstralia samedicino servisi,gansakuTrebiT kidedaqalaqis gareTSezRudulia, xolosamedicinodawesebulebebi kicud mdgomareobaSia.

2. seriozulidaavadebis, anWrilobisSemTxvevaSi,ZviradRirebulisamedicino evakuaciaSesaZloa saWiroaRmoCndesturistisaTvis

informaciaucvlelia

informaciaucvlelia

informaciaucvlelia

76

saqarTvelos jandacvis sferos Sesaxeb ganTavsebul uaryofiTi Sinaarsis

informaciaTa dinamika

grafiki 12.

0123456789

2006 2008 2012 2013-14


Tu SevajamebT oficialur veb-gverdebze saqarTvelos jandacvis

sferos Sesaxeb ganTavsebul informaciebs, Semdegi suraTi ikveTeba (ix.

grafiki 12). aRniSnul grafikSi SeimCneva negatiuri informaciis kleba 2008

wlisTvis da dadebiTis zrda. Tumca uaryofiTi informaciebis

gansakuTrebuli zrda 2012 wlidan iwyeba, xolo 2012-2014 ww. xdeba

aRniSnuli uaryofiTi tendenciebis SenarCuneba da dadebiTis kleba, rac

ZiriTadad im informaciebis xarjze moxda, rac turistebisaTvis

gadaudebeli samedicino momsaxurebis miRebasTan aris dakavSirebuli.

e) umciresobebi da maTi uflebebi

aSS-s saitze aris informacia religiuri umciresobis – ieRovas

mowmeebis, baptistebis devnis Taobze, romelic 2013 wlidan amoiRes. 2012

wlidan ucxoeTis saxelmwifoTa oficialuri uwyebebi amjerad

saqarTveloSi seqsualuri umciresobebis mimarT ganxorcielebul

77

Zaladobis SemTxvevebs gamoexmauren da saqarTveloSi Camosvlis msurvel

turistebs, am mxriv meti sifrTxilisa da windaxedulobisaken mouwodeben.

cxrili 13.

qveyana 2006 2008 2012 2013-2014

didi britaneTi 1.homoseqsualizmilegaluria saq-Si,Tumca sazogadoebisumravlesobisaTvismiuRebelia, ramacSesaZloa gamoiwviosseriozuli agresiamaT mimarT

informacia

ucvlelia

informacia

ucvlelia

1.homofobiissawinaaRmdegodemonstraciadagegmilia 17 maiss.2013 wels aRniSnulimovlena ZaladobiTdasrulda. sagareouwyebagansakuTrebulisifrTxilisakenmouwodebsTanamoqalaqeebsfilarmoniasTanmimdabareteritoriasa daaseve rusTavelisgamziridan-samebissakaTedrotaZramde.

aSS 1.warsulSi religiuri

umciresobebi, kerZod

ki ieRovas mowmeebi,RvTis krebis wevrebi,aseve baptistebiTavdasxmaTamsxverpli aRmoCndnen,

(aRniSnul incidentsmohyva maTiliteraturis

ganadgureba,sakuTrebis xelyofadafizikuri

angariSsworeba.miuxedavadimisa, rom

saq-os mTavrobamdaapatimra dagaasamarTla

damnaSaveni, sagareouwyeba maincsifrTxilisakenmouwodebs immoqalaqeebs,

romlebic saq-Simisionerebad apireben

informacia

ucvlelia

informacia

ucvlelia

informacia

amoRebulia

da damateulia:

1.aSS-s moqalaqismxridan movidaSetyobineba maszeganxorcielebuliseqsualuriZaladobis Sesaxebsaq-Si, sworedamitom sagareouwyeba urCevsqalebs, rom Taviaaridonizolirebuladgilebs ucnobadamianebTan erTad,aseve marSutkebsa dataqsebis gamoyenebasRamis saaTebSi.mocemuliainformacia, romseqsualuriZaladobis msxverpl

78

Camosvlas. qalebs SeuZliaTkompensaciis miRebada ukan dabrunebaaSS-Si. damatebulia:

2.lgbt pirebis icavsantidiskriminaciulikanonebi saq-Si daar arsebobssamarTlebrividabrkoleba maTimovlenebisaRsaniSnavad. TumcatradiciulmakulturulmadamokidebulebamSesaZloa gamoiwvioslgbt pirebisdiskriminacia daSeviwroeba.

3. warsulSizogierTi lgbt dareligiuriumciresobebi iyvnenTavdasxmaTa samizne

4.2013 wlis 17 maissZaladobrivadCaiSala homofobiissaerTaSoriso dRisaRsaniSnavi aqciamaTi kontr aqciismonawileebis mier

5.miuxedavad imisa,rom saq-osadministraciulikodeqsi adgenssazogadoebrivSenobebs SSmp-isaTvis, maincZalian mcireamaTTvisxelmisawvdomisajaro da kerZoSenobebi. kerZo dasajaro transportiver uzrunvelyofasSSmp-ebisgadaadgilebas.

Sveicaria qalis statusimamakacTan SedarebiT

saq-Si dabalia, racxels uSlis qalebsganviTardnen da

informacia

amoRebulia

79

miaRwion garkveulwarmatebas karieraSi

kanada homoseqsualizmi

legaluria saq-Si,magram sazogadoebisumravlesobisaTvismiuRebelia

informaciaucvlelia

saqarTveloSi umciresobaTa mdgomareobis Sesaxeb ganTavsebul informaciaTa

dinamika

grafiki 14.

00.5

11.5

22.5

33.5

4

2006 2008 2012 2013-14


ucxoeTis oficialur veb-gverdebze saqarTveloSi umciresobebis

mdgomareobis Sesaxeb ganTavsebul informaciebTan dakavSirebiT Semdegi

suraTi ikveTeba (ix. grafiki 14). aRniSnul grafikSi SeimCneva 2008 wlisTvis

negatiuri informaciis zrda da dadebiTis mniSvnelovani kleba. Tumca

uaryofiTi Sinaarsis informaciebis gansakuTrebuli zrda 2013-2014 ww.

dafiqsirda, rac ZiriTadad saqarTveloSi homofobiis dRes seqsualur

umciresobebze ganxorcielebuli agresiuli Tavdasxmebis SemTxvevebiT aris

ganpirobebuli.

80

$2.3. saqarTvelos turistuli imiji sait TripAdvisor–is internet

sivrceSi

rogorc disertaciis Teoriul nawilSi avRniSneT, saxelmwifos

imiji, es aris xedva, STabeWdilebebi, romelic momxmarebels, am konkretul

SemTxvevaSi ucxoel turists qveynis Sesaxeb gaaCnia. igi efuZneba qveynis

ekonomikur mdgomareobas, politikur sistemas, kulturas, tradiciebs da am

saxelmwifos urTierTobebs sxva saxelmwifoebTan. imiji aviTarebs Zalian

rTul sakomunikacio process, romelic mravalferovan informaciul wyaros

moicavs. nebismieri turistisaTvis ki yvelaze sando wyaros sakuTari

qveynis oficialuri uwyebebis mier gavrcelebuli informaciebi

warmoadgens, magram maTTvis aseTive sando da sainteresoa is

informaciebic, romlebsac turistebi internet sivrceSi arsebuli

popularuli forumebisa Tu sxva socialuri qselebidan Rebuloben.

Trip Advisor-i erTi-erTi yvelaze popularuli da maRal reitinguli

veb-saitia, romelsac daaxloebiT as milionamde momxmarebeli hyavs

msoflioSi. aRniSnuli saiti saSualebas aZlevs turistebs, rom maTTvis

sasurveli qveynis Sesaxeb saintereso da saWiro informacia moiZion. veb-

saiti sxvadasxva saxis serviss sTavazobs turistebs:

SesaZlebelia msoflios nebismier wertilSi sastumroebis moZieba da

dajavSna fasis, varskvlavisa Tu servisis sxva kriteriumebis

gaTvaliswinebiT;

sasurveli qveynis mimarTulebiT frenis ganrigis gageba da bileTebis

dajavSna;

veb-gverdze sacxovrebeli farTebis (vila, bina, ranCo da a.S) yidva–

gayidva Tu daqiraveba msoflios nebismier wertilSi (internet wyaro,

N 107)

81

aRniSnul saits internet sivrceSi yvela zemoT CamoTvlil

SesaZleblobebTan erTad kidev erTi upiratesoba gaaCnia, kerZod masze

asevea forumi turistebisaTvis, sadac SesaZlebelia sakuTari azrebis,

STabeWdilebebis gaziareba da gacvla. turistuli forumi gansakuTrebiT

Zalian did daxmarebas gauwevs im mogzaurebs, romlebic maTTvis sruliad

ucxo qveyanaSi apireben gamgzavrebas da maTTvis saintereso SekiTxvebze

pasuxebs im qveyanaSi ukve namyofi turistebisagan Rebuloben. amrigad, xdeba

informaciis miReba, gacvla da gaziareba. aRniSnul saitze sakmaod farTo

gverdi eTmoba saqarTvelos Temas.

Trip Advisor-ze saqarTvelos Sesaxeb Seqmnili forumi 2006 wlidan

funqcionirebs da turistebisaTvis saintereso Tematikis sakmaod farTo

speqtrs moicavs, rogoricaa: informaciebi ganTavsebis saSualebebis Sesaxeb,

qveyanaSi arsebuli usafrTxoebis mdgomareoba, qveynis RirSesaniSnaobebi,

saqarTveloSi Semosvlisa da cxovrebis pirobebi, adgilobrivi

infrastruqtura, fulad-sakredito sistema da a.S (internet wyaro N 107).

2006 wels forumze saqarTvelos irgvliv sul 17 posti gaixsna,

momxmareblebi ki Crd. evropidan, axlo aRmosavleTidan, samx. aziidan da

afrikidan iyvnen registrirebulni (internet wyaro N 107). forumze gaxsnil

Temebs Soris gansakuTrebiT aqtualuri aRmoCnda „saqarTvelos

dedaqalaqSi cxovrebis pirobebi,“ romelsac yvelaze meti gamoxmaureba da

komentari mohyva (internet wyaro N 107). turistebis komentarebidan,

romlebic ukve icnobdnen saqarTvelos, irkveva, rom TbilisSi

satransporto sistema, gansakuTrebiT ki metro, samgzavrod Zalian martivi

iyo, rom qalaqSi uamravi taqsi moZraobda, xolo adgilobrivi mosaxleoba

ki megobruli da iumoris grZnobis matarebeli iyo. analogiur, dadebiT

Sefasebas aZleven sxva turistebi TbilisSi arsebul sacxovrebel

pirobebs, romelTa azriT, Tbilisi absoluturad usafrTxo dedaqalaqia,

romelsac uamaravi turisti stumrobs da sxvebsac urCevdnen, rom ar

gaeSvaT Sansi da aucileblad swveodnen am qalaqs.

82

unda aRiniSnos, rom yvelaze “guluxvi” saqarTvelos Sesaxeb

STabeWdilebebis gaziarebaSi, ZiriTadad, aRmosavleT evropisa da yofili

sabWoTa respublikebidan Semosuli turistebia. rusi turistebi

saqarTveloSi arsebuli sastumroebis, restornebisa da momsaxurebis

sferos naklovanebebs sulac ar uCivian, piriqiT, aRfrTovanebulni arian

nanaxiT, radgan yovelive maT molodins aRemateba. Cvens qveyanaSi Camosul

evropel turistebs dedaqalaqSi, gansakuTrebiT Zveli Tbilisi xiblavT,

kopwia saxlebiT da momxibvleli aivnebiT.

somxeTidan, azerbaijanidan, ukrainidan da baltiispireTis qveynebidan

Camosul stumrebs, rogorc Cans, ara aqvT swori informacia saqarTveloSi

arsebuli politikuri da ekonomikuri mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. aseTi

kategoriis turistebis postebSi, xSirad SexvdebiT maTi gaocebis

gamomxatvel komentarebs imis Sesaxeb, rom Tbilisis quCebSi mravali

ZviradRirebuli avtomobili moZraobs. ucxoel turistebs ZviradRirebuli

jipebisadmi qarTvelebis gansakuTrebuli siyvaruli SeumCneveli ar

darCeniaT. stumrebi aRniSnul faqts Tbilisis da saqarTvelos mTa-goriani

reliefiT xsnian.

yofil sabWoTa respublikebidan, gansakuTrebiT ki azerbaijanisa da

somxeTis gavliT, saqarTveloSi Camosuli turistebis mravali komentari,

qarTuli policiis efeqtur muSaobas Seexeba. isini aRfrTovanebulni arian

qarTveli samarTal damcavebis muSaobiT. magaliTad, erT-erTi rusi

turisti aRniSnavda kidec, rom „saqarTveloSi policia absoliturad

arakorumpirebulia. ramdenime wlis win, prezidentma mixeil saakaSvilma

samsaxuridan 35 aTasi policieli daiTxova da sruliad axali kadrebi

miiRo, romelTac kargi anazRaureba dauniSna. qarTveli policieli

moqalaqeebTan urTierTobisas Zalian Tavaziani da keTilia. Tumca kanonis

mcire darRvevac sakmarisia, rom isini kanonis mTeli simkacriT mosTxovon

pasuxi damnaSaveebs, yovelgvari korufciuli garigebebis gareSe (internet

wyaro N 107). rus turistebs, garda policiis Tavazianobisa da

kanonmorCilebisa, saqarTveloSi yvelaferi aocebT: maT Soris, parlamentis

83

Senobis win mcire ricxovani aqcia, romelic TavisTvis mSvidad

mimdinareobs da isic ki, rom opoziciur partiebs sazogadoebrivi

mauwyebeli saeTero dros uTmobs.

erT-erTi evropeli turistis SefasebiT, “saqarTvelo yvelaze metad

irlandias waagavs, sanagve yuTebic TbilisSi zustad iseTivea, rogoric

dublinSi. svaneTis mTian soflebSi sakuTar miwis nakveTs adgilobrivebi

zustad iseTive qvis naxevar metrian Robes avleben, rogorsac dasavleTis

sanapiros irlandieli fermerebi.“ (internet wyaro N107, gv. 49)

saqarTveloSi Camosul turistebs gansakuTrebiT xvdebaT TvalSi is

faqti, rom saqarTvelo religiuri qveyanaa, sadac eklesiebis, monastrebis,

wminda adgilebis raodenoba, maTi SefasebiT, warmoudgenlad didia. erT-

erTi gaocebuli turisti imasac aRniSnavda, rom saqarTveloSi V saukunis

Semdgomi eklesiebi axlad miiCneva qarTvelebis mier. „pirjvaris gadawera

miRebulia ara mxolod eklesiaSi Sesvlisas, aramed maSinac, rodesac

taZars gverdiT Cauvli”. maTTvis cota ucnaurad gamoiyureba Zvel

TbilisSi, avtobusSi mjdari mgzavrebi, Tu rogor iweren erTdroulad

yovel or wuTSi pirjvars (internet wyaro N 107, gv. 50). turistebi miiCneven,

rom qals saqarTveloSi did pativs scemen, amitom XX 70-ian wlebSi,

TbilisSi daidga qandakeba-„qarTlis deda“. albaT, iSviaTad moiZebneba

dedamiwis zurgze adgili, sadac erovnuli simbolo qalia da ara

kolosaluri zomis mamakacis skulptura“-wers erT-erTi evropeli turisti

(internet wyaro N 107, gv. 47).

qarTuli stumarTmoyvareoba turistebis komentarTa mTavari Temaa.

„Tu Tqven saqarTveloSi megobrebi gyavT, CaTvaleT, rom samoTxeSi

imyofebiT, gaseirneben manqaniT, gaWmeven, gasmeven, gagarToben da yvelafers

gaakeTeben saimisod, rom kargi STabeWdilebebi dagrCeT. xolo amisaTvis

arafris gadaxda ar mogiwevT, radgan qarTvelebs stumrisaTvis fulis

gadaxdevineba Seuracxyofad miaCniaT“ (internet wyaro N 107, gv. 52).

turistebis nawils akvirvebs axali avtostradebi, sacxovrebeli saxlebi,

romlebic sokoebiviT mravldeba qalaqSi. siaxleebi gansakuTrebiT

84

maTTvisaa TvalSisacemi, vinc ramdenime wlis win imyofeboda TbilisSi,

rodesac qalaqi dangreuli gzebiT da nacrisferi SenobebiT

daamaxsovrdaT.

stumrebi aRniSnaven imasac, rom mTel msoflioSi Rvinis dayenebis

mxolod ori klasikuri meTodi arsebobs: evropuli da kaxuri. swored

kaxuri meTodi aZlevs qarTul Rvinos ganumeorebel gemos da amiT

gansxvavdeba evropuli Rvinisgan. „arc erT adgils Cemze iseTi Zlieri

STabeWdileba ar mouxdenia, rogorc saqarTvelos. Ees ara mxolod sxva

kulturaa, sxva xalxi, sxva qveyana, aramed, ubralod, sxva samyaroa”

(internet wyaro N 107), swored ase aRwers Cvens qveyanaSi sakuTar

mogzaurobas erT-erTi ukraineli qalbatoni.

erTaderTi Tema, romelic uSualod Seexeboda 2008 wlis agvistos

movlenebs forumze, iyo arizoneli turistis mier gaxsnili Tema, romelic

samxreT kavkasiaSi mogzaurobas gegmavda da dainteresebuli iyo, iqonia Tu

ara agvistos saomarma movlenebma gavlena mogzaurobasa da turizmis

usafrTxoebaze saqarTveloSi, radgan aSS-is adgilobriv mediaze

dayrdnobiT, mas hqonda informacia, rom aSS-s xelisuflebam usafrTxoebis

dacvis mizniT 150 moqalaqe gamoiyvana saqarTvelodan“ (internet wyaro N

107). aRniSnul Temas, ramdenime turistis komentari mohyva. maTi SefasebiT,

miuxedavad imisa, rom samxedro operaciebs hqonda adgili da daibomba

qalaqi goric, Tbilisi kvlavac usafrTxo da xelSeuxebel qalaqad

rCeboda.

2009 wels saqarTvelos forumze 51 posti gaixsna, romlebic wina

wlebSi gaxsnili postebis msgavsad sakmaod saintereso da Sinaarsobrivi

TvalsazrisiT mravalferovani iyo (internet wyaro N 107). yvelaze

aqtualuri aRmoCnda savizo reJimTan dakavSirebuli Temebi, romlebic

nigeriis, indoeTis, quveiTis, egviptis da gaerTianebuli emiratebis

moqalaqeebma gaxsnes. maT ZiriTadad informaciis gadamowmeba sWirdebodaT

saqarTveloSi moqmed liberalur savizo reJimTan dakavSirebiT. isini

dainteresebulni iyvnen, SeZlebdnen Tu ara isini Tbilisis aeroportSi

85

vizis miRebas, rogorc amas maTive qveynis sagareo uwyebebi avrcelebdnen.

rogorc Cans, saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mier turizmis xelSewyobis

mizniT miRebulma gadawyvetilebam savizo reJimis gamartivebasTan

dakavSirebiT, gavlena iqonia rig saxelmwifoTa moqalaqeebze, romlebic

cdiloben gaeqcnen sakuTari qveynis mZime socialur-ekonomikur

mdgomareobas da saqarTveloSi daidon bina.

forumze aqtualuria saqarTvelodan mezobeli qveynebis-

azerbaijanisa da somxeTis mimarTulebiT gadaadgilebis Tema, rac xazs

usvavs im faqts, rom xSirad saqarTveloSi Camosuli ucxoeli turistebis

mizans samxreT kavkasiis regionis gacnoba da monaxuleba warmoadgens.

2009 wels saqarTvelos forumze, yvelaze aqtualur postebs Soris

aRmoCnda „sastumroebis” Tema TbilisSi. forumze Semosuli vizitorebi

xSirad dainteresebulni arian saSualo da SedarebiT ufro dabali rangis

sastumroebiT TbilisSi (internet wyaro N 107) da arCevanis gakeTebas ki

sxva turistebs saojaxo tipis sastumroebze urCeven, sadac maTi azriT,

stumarTmoyvareobisa da maspinZlobis aura igrZnoba da rac mTavaria,

ugemrieless kerZebs amzadeben. miuxedavad imisa, rom Tavad saitis mTavar

gverdze saqarTvelos Sesaxeb sakmaod farTo da mravalferovani

informaciis moZiebaa SesaZlebeli, maT mier gamoqveynebul postebze

dayrdnobiT irkveva, rom ucxoeli vizitorebi oficialur informaciebTan

SedarebiT upiratesobas mainc gamocdili turistebisagan miRebul

rekomendaciebs aniWeben.

Tu 2010 wels saqarTvelos forumze Semosul momxmarebelTa

raodenobas gadavxedavT, davrwmundebiT, rom mniSvnelovani gamococxleba

SeimCeva forumze (ix. cxrili N 16 ). Tu wina wlebSi Cveni qveynis Sesaxeb

ganTavsebul postebs mxolod ramdenime gamomxmaurebeli hyavda, amjerad

postebisa da komentarebis ricxvma mniSvnelovnad imata (internet wyaro N

107). turistebis mier saqarTveloSi yvelaze moTxovnad RirSesaniSnaobaTa

nusxaSi Setanili aRmoCnda: Tbilisi, jvari, yazbegi samebis taZriT, ananuri,

86

Telavi, alaverdi, gremi, siRnaRi, daviT gareji, quTaisi bagratiTa da

gelaTiT, oni, varZia, borjomis, ufliscixe.

saqarTvelos forumze dRemde erT-erTi yvelaze aqtualur sakiTxad

rCeba saqarTveloSi mogzaurobis Tema. postebisa da maT garSemo

gakeTebuli komentarebis SeswavliT dadginda, rom, saqarTveloSi myofi

vizitorebis SefasebiT, saqarTveloSi organizebuli 7/14 kaciani turi Zviri

jdeba, romlebSic ZiriTadad xandazmuli turistebi Sedian, xolo

gacilebiT iafia sajaro transportiT an kerZo avtomobiliT

RirSesaniSnavi adgilebis monaxuleba. aRmoCnda, rom turistebi

aRSfoTebulni arian saqarTveloSi turebze dadebuli maRali fasiT.

kerZod, yazbegSi erTdRiani turi 70 evro jdeba, maSin rodesac

adgilobriv mcxovrebTaTvis gankuTvnili sajaro transportiT

gadaadgileba, romelic nakleb komfortulia, 16 lari (6 evro) Rirs.

turistebis azriT, swored es faqti ganapirobebs imas, rom saqarTveloSi

aseTi saxis turebSi turistTa deficitia da rTulad xdeba jgufebis

dakompleqteba. rodesac turisti ukavSirdeba turistul saagentos, isini

awyoben specialur turs SemkveTis saWiroebisamebr, arastandartuli turis

msgavasad. vinaidan ar arsebobs yoveldRiuri turebi, Sesabamisad ar

arsebobs konkurencia turistul bazarzec, rac avtomaturad maT maRal

fass ganapirobebs. aRniSnul postze ganTavsebuli komentarebidan irkveva,

rom zogierTi ucxoeli vizitori upiratesobas aniWebs daqiravebuli

avtomobiliT saqarTvelos monaxulebas, gansakuTrebiT ki kaxeTis regionis,

sadac qalaqebisa da soflebis saavtomobilo gzebi karg mdgomareobaSia,

patara soflebSic ki aris saidentifikacio niSnebi inglisur enaze, xolo

turistul saagentoebSi ki detaluri sagzao rukebi xelmiswavdomia

turistebisaTvis.

rac Seexeba 2011 wels, saqarTvelos forumze sul 75 posti gaixsna

(internet wyaro N 107). wina wlebis msgavsad erT-erT yvelaze aqtualur

Temad kvlav darCa ucxoeTis qveynebis moqalaqeTaTvis saqarTveloSi

87

studenturi swavlebis sakiTxi. aRniSnuli Temis irgvliv ZiriTadad

indoeli studentebi aqtiurobdnen, romlebic saqarTveloSi cxovrebis,

swavlebis da paralelurad muSaobis pirobebiT iyvnen dainteresebulni.

Tumca komentarebidan irkveva, rom maTi SefasebiT, saqarTvelo gacilebiT

Raribi qveyanaa, vidre indoeTi da amitomac, aq mcxovreb students

aucileblad sWirdeba ojaxis daxmareba finansuri kuTxiT. saqarTveloSi

ar arsebobs samsaxurebi, sadac maTi naxevar ganakveTze muSaobaa

SesaZlebeli, xolo srul ganakveTze dasaqmebis SemTxvevaSi xelfasi 300$–s

ar aRemateba, maSin rodesac erTi adamianis kvebas 150$, xolo binas ki 200$

mainc sWirdeba (internet wyaro N 107).

2011 wels forumze ganTavsebul postebs Soris sayuradReboa qarTul

aviakompaniis „airzenas” Temis garSemo gakeTebulma uaryofiTi Sinaarsis

komentarebis raodenobam. irkveva, rom ucxoeli turistebis azriT,

aviakompania “airzenas” veb-gverdi Zalian cud mdgomareobaSi iyo,

aviakompaniis saitze ganTavsebuli informaciebi ZiriTadad moZvelebuli

iyo da ganaxlebas saWiroebda, masze ar ido Tundac mwiri informaciac ki

turistebisaTvis (internet wyaro N 107). isini aseTive uaryofiT Sefasebas

aZlevdnen „airzenas“ serviss da ucxoel turistebs urCevdnen ar

esargeblaT aRniSnuli aviakompaniis frenebiT, radgan “airzenas” hqonda

absoluturad gaurkveveli bargis politika da damatebiT, TiToeul zedmet

kilogramze salonSi maT mouwevdaT zedmeti 10€-s gadaxda. amasTanave,

TviTmfrinavis ekonomiur klasSi savarZlebi Zalian ara komfortuli, xolo

sakiTxavi literatura saocrad mwiri da isic mxolod qarTul enaze iyo.

swored amitom, isini ucxoel turistebs urCevdnen, rom Tavi Sors

daeWiraT „airzenas“ servisisagan, iseve rogorc „Roris gripisa da

keTrovnebisagan (internet wyaro, N 107).

2012 wels forumis erT-erT yvelaze aqtualuri Tema usafrTxoeba

aRmoCda. ucxoeli turistebi yvelaze metad dainteresebulni iyvnen, Tu

ramdenad usafrTxo qveyanas warmodgena saqarTvelo da ramdenad iyo

88

usafrTxo Ramis TbilisSi gadaadgileba. forumze ganTavsebul ucxoel

turistTa komentarebidan irkveva, rom dedaqalaqsa da mis gareubnebSi

usafrTxoebis problema ar idga da rom igi absoluturad usafrTxo

qalaqad rCeboda fexiT mosiarule adamianebisaTvis (internet wyaro, N 107).

aRniSnuli Tema gansakuTrebiT aqtualuri gaxda 2012 wlis oqtombris

saparlamento arCevnebis periodSi, rodesac saqarTveloSi dagegmili turis

gadadebis aucilebloba dainaxa saqarTveloSi Camosvlis msurvelma

zogierTma turistma, radgan maTi azriT, qveyanaSi mimdinare manifestaciebi

kiTxvis qveS ayenebda usafrTxoebis mdgomareobas. Tumca Temis garSemo

gakeTebuli komentarebSi aRniSna, rom saqarTveloSi mimdinare mitingebi

xels ar uSlida saavtomobilo moZraobasa da gadaadgilebas, radgan

qarTveli manifestantebi ikribebodnen mxolod specialurad maTTvis

gankuTvnil adgilebSi, Sesabamisad Tbilisi kvlavac usafrTxo qalaqad

rCeboda turistebisaTvis nebismier dros (internet wyaro N 107).

internet sait TripAdvisor-ze arsebuli forumis Seswavlis Sedegad

dadginda, rom 2006 wels saqarTvelos Temaze Seqmnil forumze dRemde

Cveni qveynis Sesaxeb ucxoel turistebSi didi interesia, razec kidev

erTxel metyvelebs wlebis mixedviT gaxsnili postebisa da maT garSemo

gakeTebuli komentarebis raodenoba. magaliTad, Tu 2006 wels forumze

saqarTvelos Sesaxeb mxolod 17 posti iyo gaxsnili, 2007 wels maTi

raodenoba 28-mde, xolo 2008 wels 36–mde, 2009 wels 51-mde, 2010 wels 50-mde,

2011w. 75-mde, 2012w. 170-mde, xolo 2013 wels ki 270 posti Seadgina. (ix.

danarTi).

2008 wlis agvistos saomar moqmedebebs, aranairi gavlena ar mouxdenia

ucxoeli turistebis interesze, moenaxulebinaT saqarTvelo, razec kidev

erTxel metyvelebs forumze gaxsnili postebis raodenoba da maTi

Sinaarsobrivi mxare. turistebis SefasebiT, miuxedavad saqarTvelos

teritoriaze ganxorcielebuli samxedro operaciebisa, mdgomareoba

89

dedaqalaqSi kvlavac mSvidi iyo da aranairi usafrTxoebis problema ar

arsebobda turistebisaTvis.

2009 wlidan gamoikveTa saqarTveloSi Camomsvleli turistebis

gansakuTrebuli interesi TuSeTSi, zemo svaneTsa da yazbegSi laSqrobebze.

Fforumze ganTavsebuli masalebidan irkveva, rom ucxoeli turistebisaTvis

saukeTeso periodi aseTi laSqrobebisaTvis ara gazafxuli, aramed

zafxulis Sua periodia.

ucxoeTis wamyvanili saxelmwifoebis oficialuri uwyebebis mier, wina

wlebSi (2006-2009ww.) saqarTveloSi arsebuli usafrTxoebisa da qveynis

infrastruqturis mdgomareobasTan dakavSirebuli negatiuri Sinaarsis

Semcveli informaciebisagan gansxvavebiT, turistebi sakmaod dadebiTad

afaseben saqarTvelos saavtomobilo gzebsa da infrastuqturas, romelTa

azriT, qveynis masStabiT, sajaro transportiT gadaadgileba sakmaod iafi

jdeba, Tumca satrasporto saSualebebi arcTu ise komfortuli da

mosaxerxebelia. Mmiuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTvelos did qalaqebsa Tu

turistul zonebSi gaxsnilia sxvadasxva sastumroebi, aRmoCnda, rom

ucxoeli turistebi upiratesobas dedaqalaqis gareT saojaxo tipis

sastumroebze akeTeben, sadac maTi azriT, ufro stumarTmoyvare garemo da

ugemrielesi erovnuli kerZebia.

forumze gaxsnil Temebs Soris yvelaze aqtualuri, kvlavac

saqarTvelos erTi regionidan Tu qalaqidan, meore regionSi

gadaadgilebisa da satransporto saSualebebis Tema warmoadgens. turistebs

xSirad uCndebaT SekiTxvebi, Tu romeli satransporto saSualebiT aris

SesaZlebeli daniSnulebis adgilamde misvla, magaliTad zugdididan

mestiamde, mestiidan uSgulade, quTaisidan baTumamde, axalqalaqidan

axalcixemde da a.S.

forumze gaxsnili Temebisa da maTi aqtualobidan gamomdinare

dadginda, rom xSirad, saqarTveloSi Camosvlis msurvel turistebs aqvT

90

survili, rom ar gamotovon Sansi da paralelurad ewvion da moinaxulon

samxreT kavkasiis danarCeni qveynebi. aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTvelos forumze

xSirad Semodian somxeTis moqalaqeebi, romlebic saqarTveloSi Camosvlis

msurvel turistebs urCeven, rom Secvalon sakuTari gadawyvetileba,

arCevani saqarTvelos nacvlad, somxeTze gaakeTon da aucileblad ewvion

kavkasiis yvelaze „dinamiur“ da cocxal qalaqs–erevans.

wlebis ganmavlobaSi forumze aqtualobas ar kargavs saqarTveloSi

muSaobisa da cxovrebis Tema. unda aRiniSnos, rom forumze am sakiTxiT

ZiriTadad indoeTis, pakistanisa da nigeriis moqalaqeebi arian

dainteresebulni, romlebic Zalian kargad iyvnen informirebulni

saqarTveloSi wina xelisuflebis mier SemoRebul liberalur savizo

reJimTan dakavSirebiT.

saintereso iyo im faqtis dadgena, rom wlebis ganmavlobaSi

saqarTvelos forumze gaxsnili sul 427 postis da Semdgom maTze

datovebuli komentarebis Seswavlisas faqtiurad ar aRmoCnda TiTqmis arc

erTi posti, romelic uaryofiT an negatiuri saxis Sefasebas miscemda

saqarTveloSi arsebuli usafrTxoebis mdgomareobas. xolo is turistebi,

romlebic erTxel mainc yofilan saqarTveloSi, Tvlian da aRniSnaven

kidec, rom maTTvis Tbilisi evropis erT – erTi usafrTxo qalaqTagania,

sadac araCveulebrivi Tbili, keTili da Zalian stumarTmoyvare xalxi

cxovrobs da sadac gacilebiT ufro daculad igrZnob Tavs, vidre

londonis gareubanSi.

2006-2013 ww. TripAdvisor-is saitze, saqarTvelos forumze Semosul

momxmarebelTa mier gaxsnili Temebisa da maT gaSemo gakeTebuli

komentarebis Seswavlis Sedegad dadginda, rom yvelaze aqtiurad

saqarTvelos forums aSS-s, aRmosavleT da CrdiloeT evropis

saxelmwifoTa moqalaqeebi stumroben, romelTa survili, ewvion

saqarTvelos, sruliad gansxvavdeba, forumze aseTive aqtiuri indoeli da

91

afrikeli momxmareblebisagan (nigeria, samxreT afrika), romlebic Cvens

qveyanaSi cxovrebiT da damkvidrebiT arian dainteresebuli.

grafiki 15

saqarTvelos forumze Semosul moqalaqeTa raodenobrivi maCvenebeli

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2006

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აფრიკა

ოკეანეთი

კარიბის ზღვის აუზი

სამხრ.აზია

წyaro: saitiTripadvisor.com, Georgia Forum

http://www.tripadvisor.com/Tourism-g294194-Georgia-Vacations.html

92

Tavi III. saqarTvelos turistuli imiji SedarebiT konteqstSi

$3.1. pozitiuri turistuli imiji, sxva qveynebis gamocdileba:

safrangeTi da Sveicaria

Cven saintereso aRmoCnda msoflioSi yvelaze monaxulebadi lideri

saxelmwifos da turistuli Semosvlebis kuTxiT msoflios top-aTeulSi

mesame poziciaze myofi - safrangeTisa da aseve daaxloebiT saqarTvelos

sididis, Sveicariis turistuli imijis Seswavla ucxoeTis qveynebis

oficialuri uwyebebis veb-gverdebis mixedviT. turizmi udides rols

TamaSobs aRniSnul saxelmwifoTa ekonomikaSi. orive saxelmwifo lideria

turizmis sferoSi. CvenTvis saintereso iyo aRniSnuli qveynebis turistuli

imijis, maTi xelisuflebis mier gaweuli Zalisxmevis Seswavla da

aqcentrireba im faqtorebze, rac savaraudod msoflio turistul bazarze

maT maRal konkurentunarianobasa da mimzidvelobas ganapirobebs.

CvenTvis sainteresoa turizmis sferoSi lideri saxelmwifoebis

turistuli imijis Seswavla ucxoeTis qveynebis oficialuri uwyebebis veb-

gverdebis mixedviT da arCevani or saxelmwifoze, safrangeTsa da

Sveicariaze gavakeTeT, romelTa kvlevac 2013 wlidan daviwyeT.

safrangeTi

safrangeTi ukve wlebia, rac pirvel pozicias ucvlelad inarCunebs

msoflioSi turistuli Semosvlebis kuTxiT, romelmac didi Zalisxmeva

gaswia turistuli seqtoris ganviTarebisaTvis da dRemde kvlav aqtiurad

muSaobs sakuTari qveynis turistuli imijis formirebis mimarTulebiT.

turistTa Semosavlebis raodenobiT ukve wlebia, rac igi msoflios

aTeulis lideria. miuxedavad mzardi konkurenciisa, safrangeTi rCeba

nomer pirvel monaxulebad qveynad (msoflios Camosvlebis 9.4%-iT)

93

ucxoeli vizitorebis raodenobiT da igi win uswrebs iseT qveynebs,

rogoricaa espaneTi (6.9%) da aSS (6.1%-i), ( Portail du Goverenement de France, 2013).

turizmi safrangeTis ekonomikis erT-erTi mTavari mimarTulebaa,

qveynis mTliani Sida produqtis 6,3%-s qmnis da samuSao adgilebis Seqmnis

mxriv mesame seqtors warmoadgens. turizmidan miRebulma Semosavlebma 2012

wels safrangeTSi 42 miliard evros miaRwia ( Portail du Goverenement de France,

2013) turizmis sferoSi miRweuli warmateba qveynis xelisuflebis mier

turizmis ganviTarebisa da qveynis imijis gasaumjobeseblad aqtiuri da

Seuwyveteli muSaobis Sedegia.

rac Seexeba Sveicarias, es qveyana CvenTvis sainteresoa imdenad,

ramdenadac saqarTvelos msgavsad ar miekuTvneba did saxelmwifoTa ricxvs

da miuxedavad amisa, igi 2011 wlidan dRemde pirvel pozicias inarCunebs

msoflios ekonomikuri forumis mier ganxorcielebul yovelwliur

kvlevebSi turizmis konkurentunarianobis kuTxiT.

amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departamentis veb-gverdze

safrangeTi warmodgenilia, rogorc ganviTarebuli, stabiluri

demokratiuli saxelmwifo Tanamedrove ekonomikiT, sadac turistuli

infrastruqtura farTod xelmisawvdomia mTeli qveynis maStabiT ucxoeli

vizitorebisaTvis (internet wyaro N 110).

aSS-is da msoflios wamyvani saxelmwifoebis sagareo uwyebebis veb-

gverdi TavinaT moqalaqeebs evropaSi terorizmis momatebul safrTxeze

afrTxileben da sifxizlisaken mouwodeben, Tumca dasZenen, rom amis

miuxedavad, safrangeTSi am dromde maT moqalaqeebze ganxorcielebuli

arcerTi aseTi SemTxveva ar yofila dafiqsirebuli. amerikis SeerTebuli

Statebis saxelmwifo departamenti, iseve rogorc kanadis sagareo uwyeba,

aRniSnavs, rom safrangeTis xelisuflebas qveyanaSi usafrTxoebis dacvasa

da SenarCunebaSi did daxmarebas uwevs terorizmis safrTxis Semcnobi

sistema, e.w “Vigipirate,”-is samsaxuri, romelic amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi

94

arsebuli qveynis Sida usafrTxoebis departamentis analogia, romelic 11

seqtembris teraqtis Semdeg Seiqmna da romlis mTavar mizans safrangeTSi

sazRvrebis, portebis, strategiuli infrastruqturis da zogadad,

saxelmwifos teritoriebis dacva warmoadgens teroristuli

safrTxeebisagan (internet wyaro N 74).

am sistemis wyalobiT izrdeba xilvadoba da kontrolis sistema

safrangeTis aeroportebSi, matareblebSi, metrosadgurebSi da iseT

xalxmraval adgilebSi, rogoricaa skolebi, turistuli infrastruqtura

da a.S. didi britaneTis oficialuri uwyeba aRniSnavs, rom safrangeTSi

aralegali migrantebis didi raodenobaa da arsebobs imis realuri

safrTxe, rom isini britaneTSi ukanonod Sesvlas Seecadon. Tumca aqve

aRniSnavs, rom daaxloebiT 17 milioni britaneli stumrobs yovelwliurad

safrangeTs da maTi vizitebis umravlesobam uproblemod, mSvidobian

vaTarebaSi Caiara (internet wyaro N 74).

aSS-s saxelmwifo departamenti Zalian pozitiurad afasebs frangi

samarTaldamcavebis muSaobas, romlebic “zrunaven safrangeTis moqalaqeTa

usafrTxoebaze, amave dros Zalian aqtiurebi arian da dauyovnebliv

reagireben saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi” (internet wyaro N 110). sajaro

usafrTxoebas safrangeTSi sami Zala icavs: municipaluri policia,

erovnuli policia da samxedro Jandarmeria. oficialuri vaSingtoni

aRniSnavs, rom am ZalebSi danaSaulTan sabrZolvelad profesionali,

kompetenturi da aqtiuri adamianebi muSaoben da swored isini

uzrunvelyofen saxelmwifos mTlian usafrTxoebas.

safrangeTi usafrTxo saxelmwifoebis ricxvSi Sedis, magram iseve

rogorc turistebisaTvis usafrTxo qveynebSic ki, danaSauli safrangeTSic

ar warmoadgens iSviaTobas, Tumca maTi umravlesoba araZaladobrivia.

qveyanaSi yvelaze meti danaSaulebrivi SemTxveva, romelic turistebis

mimarT ganxorcielda, ZiriTadad sxvadasxva saxis qurdobebia (jibis

qurdoba, velosipedis moparva, avtomobilis fanjris gatexva da piradi

95

nivTebis waglejva), swored amitom, sagareo uwyebebi safrangeTSi myof

turistebs turistuli zonebSi, aeroportebsa da sadgurebSi (muzeumebi,

avtosadgurebi, metro da a.S) turistebs yuradRebisaken mouwodeben.

unda aRiniSnos, rom yvelaze vrceli, amomwuravi informacia,

romelic amave dros SesaZloa saintereso aRmoCndes ucxoeli

vizitorebisaTvis, aSS-s saxelmwifo departamentis veb-gverdzea

ganTavsebuli, sadac aseve detalurad aris aRwerili safrangeTis did

qalaqebSi arsebuli zogadi usafrTxoebis mdgomareoba. qveynis masStabiT

faqtiurad erTnairad aris gavrcelebuli sxvadasxva saxis qurdoba.

sagareo uwyeba aRniSnavs, rom jibis qurdobis SemTxvevebi yvelaze xSirad

parizSi, miwisqveSa gadasasvlelebSi, sarkinigzo qselze (RER B) Sars de

golis aeroportis mimarTulebiT gvxdeba da isini turistebs gareubnis

matareblis, an swrafi avtobusebis gamoyenebas urCeven. yvelaze

gavrcelebulia qurdobis SemTxvevebi aseve eifelis gadaWedil liftSi,

luvris kibeebze, sakre-keris bazilikis mimdebare regionSi monmartamde

(internet wyaro N 110).

safrangeTma 2012 wels miiRo kanoni, romelic uflebas aZlevs

seqsualuri umciresobebis warmomadgenlebs oficialurad gaaformon

sakuTari qorwineba. Sesabamisad yvela sagareo uwyebis veb-gverdi

safrangeTSi gamgzavrebis survilis mqone turistebs acnobebs, rom ar

arsebobs aranairi samarTlebrivi SezRudva lgbt pirebisaTvis, iseve

rogorc ar arsebobs aranairi SezRudva lgbt movlenebis aRsaniSnavad

qveyanaSi.

safrangeTSi kanoni moiTxovs, rom nebismieri axali sajaro da kerZo

Senoba xelmisawvdomi iyos SSmp-Tvis, magram Zalian bevri axali Senoba

aRniSnul moTxovnas ver akmayofilebs. Tumca ZiriTad turistul

adgilebSi gadaadgilebis pirobebi saukeTesoa da parizSi Zalian bevr

avtobussa da tramvais aqvs baqani SezRuduli gadaadgilebis mqone

adamianebisaTvis.

96

rac Seexeba samedicino momsaxurebas, yvela oficialuri uwyebis veb-

gverdi aRniSnavs, rom samedicino momsaxureba safrangeTSi maRali

standartisaa da amave dros vizitorebs mouwodeben, rom safrangeTSi

gamgzavrebamde aucileblad daezRvion da aiRon Tavisufali evropuli

jandacvis sadazRvevo baraTi e.w EHIC, radgan samedicino momsaxureba

safrangeTSi Zalian Zviri jdeba. magaliTad, avstraliis sagareo da

vaWrobis departamenti aRniSnavs, rom safrangeTSi dazRvevis gareSe

mkurnalobis dRiuri xarji sajaro hospitalSi 1.350-3.350 evromde meryeobs


yvela sagareo uwyeba TiToeuli qveynis Sesaxeb ganTavsebul

sainformacio gverdze xSirad aRniSnavs, rom sagzao marTvis wesebi maTi

qveynisagan gansxvavebulia. ramdenime uwyebis gverdze ukve gaiJRera

informaciam, rom safrangeTSi sagzao wesebi da avtomobilis marTvis

teqnika specialur safrTxeebs warmoqmnis, radgan avtomobilis marTva

rogorc wesi, ufro swrafi da agresiulia, vidre aSS-Si (internet wyaro N

35).

safrangeTSi, romelic msoflioSi pirveli saxelmwifoa turistuli

Semosvlebis kuTxiT, “ZiriTad magistralebze, yovel 25 kilometrSi

ganTavsebulia servis sadgurebi. parizs aqvs farTo da efeqturi

sazogadoebrivi satransporto sistema, damakavSirebeli sistema

avtobusebis, miwisqveSa gadasasvlelebis, sagareubno matareblebis servisis,

romelic yoveldRiurad 4 milion adamians emsaxureba sakuTari

usafrTxoebis CanawerebiT da SedarebiT ukeTesia, vidre aSS-s qalaqebis

ZiriTad nawilSi” – aRniSnavs oficialuri vaSingtoni (internet wyaro N

35). msgavsi sistemebi gvxdeba safrangeTis ZiriTad qalaqebSi. safrangeTis

qalaqebs aseve erTmaneTTan farTo sarkinigzo qseli akavSirebs, romelic

usafrTxo da saimedoa, romelTa Soris gadaadgileba SesaZlebelia maRali

siCqaris e.w TGV - “swrafi matareblis” gamoyenebiT, aseve bevr qalaqSi

97

daniSnulia xSiri sahaero mimosvla. safrangeTSi matarebliT gadaadgileba

gacilebiT ufro usafrTxoa, vidre avtomobilis marTva.

amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departamenti aseve maRal

Sefasebas aZlevs frangul aviacias da miaCnia, rom safrangeTis samoqalaqo

aviaciis organizacia Seesabameba da srulad akmayofilebs saerTaSoriso

samoqalaqo aviaciis organizaciis usafrTxoebis standartebs (internet

wyaro N 110).

didi britaneTis sagareo uwyebis veb-gverdze safrangeTis Sesaxeb

ganTavsebul sainformacio gverdze aRniSnulia, rom avto banakebis (Car

camping) dros dafiqsirebulia yaCaRuri Tavdasxmis SemTxvevebi mZinare

adamianebze, rasac sagareo uwyeba safrangeTSi ukanono migrantebis

gadmosvlis SemTxvevebs ukavSirebs da swored amitom, isini sakuTar

moqalaqeebs mouwodeben, rom ar datovon avtomobili izolirebul

adgilebSi (internet wyaro N 74).

safrangeTis mTebSi gamgzavrebamde, didi britaneTis sagareo uwyeba

vizitorebs urCevs, rom Seamowmon da gaecnon uaxloes zvav mdgomareobasa

da riskebs safrangeTis meteo Setyobinebis veb-gverdze (internet wyaro N

74), radgan mTebSi savtomobilo gzebze moZraoba SesaZloa rTuli

aRmoCndes zamTris periodSi. swored amitom, isini urCeven, rom Tan iqnion

sasmeli wyali, Tbili tansacmeli, sakvebi da medikamentebi. sportuli

saxeobebiT dainteresebis SemTxvevaSi, rogoricaa (alpinizmi, snovbordi,

mTaze cocva, yinulze cocva da a.S) darwmundnen, rom maTi dazRveva

yvelafers faravs, rac gulisxmobs, rom igi aucileblad unda moicavdes

samaSvelo vertmfrenebsa da gadaudebeli daxmarebis samsaxurebs, radgan

rogorc wesi xSiria xolme eqstremaluri sportis dros daSavebulTa

SemTxvevebi, romlebic gadaudebel daxmarebas saWiroeben (ineternet wyaro

74).

98

safrangeTSi adgilobrivi zRvis pirobebma SesaZloa safrTxe Seuqmnas

Zlier mocuraveebsac ki atlantikis sanapiroze, Tumca didi britaneTis

sagareo uwyeba aRniSnavs, rom safrangeTis sanapiroebze arian maSvelebi,

damontaJebulia gamafrTxilebeli sistemebi (feradi droSebiT), da

Tanamoqalaqeebs mouwodebs, rom yovelTvis mkacrad daemorCilon rCevebs

da gaiTvaliswinon is informaciebi, romelTa miRebac turistebs

safrangeTis adgilobrivi prefeqturebis veb-gverdze SeuZliaT (internet

wyaro N 74).

sainteresoa informacia, romelic safrangeTis Sesaxeb

“gansakuTrebul SeniSvnebSi” aRmoCnda. safrangeTSi ikrZaleba da ukanonod

iTvleba saxis SeniRbva, rac saxis dasaburad niRbebis, sruli pirbadisa da

nebismieri samoselis gamoyenebas gulisxmobs. aRniSnuli kanonis

Seusrulebloba iTvaliswinebs jarimas 150 evros odenobiT. kanonis

Tanaxmad, adamiani, romelic aiZulebs vinmes, daifaros saxe, iTvleba

damnaSaved da kanoni iTvaliswinebs mis dapatimrebas, an jarimas 30 aTas

evros odenoT. xolo im SemTxvevaSi, Tu dazaralebuli piri

arasrulwlovania, sasjeli ormagdeba. kanoni ar iTvaliswinebs raime saxis

gamonakliss turistebisaTvis (internet wyaroN 74), rogorc Cans

aRniSnuli kanoni evropaSi terorizmis gazrdil safrTxeebis gamoZaxilia,

romelic msoflioSi turistebisaTvis yvelaze monaxulebadi qveynis

sakanonmdeblo regulaciebSic aisaxa, rac savaraudod qveyanaSi

usafrTxoebasa da terorizmis prevencias isaxavs miznad.

Sveicaria

yvelasaTvis cnobilia, rom Sveicaria erT-erT yvelaze usafrTxo

saxelmwifos warmoadgens mTels evropaSi, amave dros igi msoflio

ekonomikuri forumis mier Catarebul kvlevebSi, ukve ramdenime welia rac

saerTaSoriso turistuli konkurentunarianobis kuTxiT pirvel adgils

ikavebs.

99

miuxedavad imisa, rom Sveicaria usafrTxo saxelmwifos warmoadgens,

sadac ar xdeba teroristuli aqtebi, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis

saxelmwifo departamenti Tavis veb-gverdze aRniSnavs, rom Sveicariis

sazRvrebi Riaa misi dasavleli mezoblebisaTvis, rac cxadia, rom

teroristuli dajgufebebis Sesvlis/gamosvlis anonimurobis

SesaZleblobas ar gamoricxavs (internet wyaro N 113). swored amitom,

sagareo uwyebebi sakuTari usafrTxoebis dacvis mizniT sifxizlisaken

mouwodeben SveicariaSi myof Tanamoqalaqeebs, miuxedavad imisa, rom bolo

wlebSi faqtiurad adgili ar hqonia Sveicariis teritoriaze teroristuli

Tavdasxmis SemTxvevas da maTi moqalaqeebis vizitma Tavisufal, mSvidobian

viTarebaSi Caira.

iseve rogorc evropis sxva saxelmwifoebSi, sadac daculia

adamianebis gamoxatvis Tavisufleba, manifestaciebi drodadro Sveicariis

did qalaqebSic imarTeba, romlis drosac adgilobrivi policia winaswar

aris xolme informirebuli da igi uzrunvelyofs manifestantebis

mSvidobian msvlelobasa da usafrTxoebas, rac maqsimalurad gamoricxavs

manifestacebis ZaladobaSi gadazrdis saSiSroebas.

SveicariaSi Zalian dabalia Zaladobrivi danaSaulis maCvenebeli.

Tumca iseve rogorc evropis nebismier qveyanaSi, aqac gavrcelebulia jibis

qurdoba, aseTi DSemTxvevebi ufro xSiria sarkinigzo da avtosadgurebSi,

aeroportebSi, Jenevis mimarTulebiT/Jenevidan sarkinigzo sadgurebSi,

sajaro parkebSi, gansakuTrebiT ki turistuli nakadebis bumis dros

(rogoricaa zafxuli da Soba), rodesac imarTeba konferenciebi, gamofenebi,

Cvenebebi did qalaqebSi. swored amitom, sagareo uwyebebi mouwodeben

SveicariaSi myof vizitorebs, rom yuradReba gamoiCinon ciurixisa da

Jenevis sadgurebSi.

iseve rogorc safrangeTSi, lgbt pirebs SveicariaSi (transseqsuali,

biseqsuli, gei) antidiskriminaciuli kanonebi icavT da ar arsebobs raime

100

samarTlebrivi, an samTavro dabrkolebebi da SezRudvebi maTi movlenebis

aRsaniSnavad.

“SveicariaSi, iseve rogorc safrangeTSi “SSmp-ma SesaZloa aRmoaCinon,

rom xelmisawvdomoba SSmp-isaTvis amerikis SeerTebuli Statebisagan

mniSvnelovnad gansxvavebulia, aRniSnavs oficialuri vaSingtoni (internet

wyaro N 113). garkveuli sirTuleebi SesaZloa SeeqmnaT aseT adamianebs,

radgan Sveicariis maStabiT Senobebis nawili ganaxlebis procesSia.

eqspertebi miiCneven, rom mxolod sazogadoebrivi Senobebis 30%-ia srulad

xelmisawvdomi SSmp-isaTvis.

miuxedavad imisa, rom SveicariaSi gzebis didi nawili mTiania da

xveulia, maTi sagzao usafrTxoebis standartebi maRalia. sazogadoebrivi

transporti SveicariaSi araCveulebriv mdgomareobaSia, komfortulia da

mowesrigebulad muSaobs. Sveicariis turistuli ofisi da rkinigzis

sadguri aris saukeTeso adgili turistebisaTvis samogzauro fasebTan

dakavSirebiT sruli da amomwuravi informaciis misaRebad. didi britaneTis

gancxadebiT, 2013 wels SveicariaSi avtoavariebis SemTxveviT

sikvdilianobis 269 SemTxveva dafiqsirda, rac sikvdilianobis sakamod

dabali maCvenebelia, safrangeTTan da amerikis SeerTebul StatebTan

SedarebiT (internet wyaro N 75). SveicariaSi satransporto saSualebebs

Soris gansakuTrebulad usafrTxoa sarkinigzo qseli, romelic maRal

standartebs Seesabameba, amave dros sruliad usafrTxoa da gamarTulad,

dagvianebebis gareSe muSaobs.

TiTqmis yvela oficialuri veb-gverdi SveicariaSi gamgzavrebamde

turistebs iseTi alpuri riskebis arsebobis Sesaxeb afrTxilebs,

rogoricaa: zvavi da Tovli, mewyeri, wyaldidoba, yinva, myinvaris naprali,

mzis gamosxiveba, amindis moulodneli cvlileba, wvima da a.S.

dawvrilebiTi informaciiT da rCevebiT uzrunvelyofa turistebisaTvis

SesaZlebelia Sveicariis Tovlisa da zvavis kvlevis federaluri komisiis

veb-gverdze. didi britaneTis sagareo uwyeba miiCnevs, rom SveicariaSi bevri

101

ubeduri SemTxveva mxolod arasakmarisi informaciis gamo moxda: teqnikis

Seusabamoba da adamianebis mier sakuTari SesaZleblobebis arasaTanadod

Sefaseba iyo swored aRniSnul SemTxvevaTa mTavari mizezi. swored amitom,

SveicariaSi isini zamTrisa da eqstremaluri turizmis moyvarulebs

mouwodeben, rom aucileblad yurad iRon da gaiTvaliswinon adgilobrivi

xelisuflebisa da gidebis rCevebi, radgan aseTi rCevebis ignorirebam

SesaZloa maT safrTxe Seuqmnas Sveicariis mTebSi.

rac Seexeba Sveicariis jandacvis sistemas, igi sakmaod maRal

standartebs akmayofilebs da mTeli qveynis maStabiT farTod aris

xelmisawvdomi. Tumca yvela sagareo uwyeba mouwodebs turistebs, rom

SveicariaSi gamgzavrebamde aiRon srulyofili turistuli da samedicino

dazRveva da darwmundnen, rom maTi dazRveva moicavs da faravs

zamTris/mTis aqtivobebTan dakavSirebul xarjebs. safrangeTis sagareo

uwyeba pirdapir mouwodebs SveicariaSi wasvlis msurvel Tavis

moqalaqeebs, rom saswrafo samedicino momsaxurebisa Tu samedicino Carevis

xarjebs (samTo-samaSvelo, safrangeTis saswrafo samedicino servisis

analogi) zogjer ar iTvaliwinebs maTi sadazRvevo paketi da Sesabamisad,

winaswar afrTxilebs maT, rom aseTi ubeduri SemTxvevis dros SesaZloa

xarjebma ramdenime aTas evromdec ki miaRwios (internet wyaro N 87).

oficialuri veb-gverdebis grafaSi “adgilobrivi kanonmdebloba da

gansakuTrebuli garemoebebi”, Sveicariis Sesaxeb ganTavsebulia informacia,

rom moweva ikrZaleba mTeli qveynis masStabiT samuSao da sazogadoebrivi

TavSeyris adgilebSi, rogoricaa barebi, restornebi, kino, skola, savaWro

da sportuli centrebi. gamonaklisi daiSveba mxolod adgilobriv doneze,

sadac mowevis licenzia miniWebuli aqvT patara restornebs, barebsa da

kafeebs (internet wyaro N 75).

ucxoeTis qveynebis oficialur veb-gverdebze safrangeTi iseve,

rogorc Sveicaria, usafrTxo qveynebis ricxs miekuTvneba da Sesabamisad

orive ganTavsebulia ucxoeli vizitorebisaTvis usafrTxo qveynebis

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grafaSi, sadac turistebs mxolod normaluri usafrTxoebis zomebis dacva

esaWiroebaT. Tumca safrangeTis SemTxvevaSi sagareo uwyebebi islamisturi

dajgufebebis gaZlierebasa da safrTxeebze saubroben, rac zrdis

aucileblobas imisa, rom aRniSnuli qveynebis sagareo uwyebebma

Tanamoqalaqeebs meti sifrTxilisa da windaxedulobisaken mouwodon. maTi

SefasebiT safrangeTSi mniSvnelovnad gaizarda ukanono migrantTa

Semosvlebisa da aseve safrangeTis sazRvrebidan mezobel saxelmwifoebSi

maTi gadinebis SemTxvevebi, romelTa raodenobrivi zrda, rogorc wesi

dakavSirebulia xolme qveyanaSi krimogenuri fonis gamwvavebasTan. Tu

Sveicariis SemTxvevaSi saubaria mxolod qurdobis SemTxvevebze did

qalaqebSi, sazogadoebrivi TavSeyris adgilebSi, safrangeTis SemTxvevaSi

gacilebiT rTulad aris saqme, kerZod, qurdobisa da dayaCaRebis gazrdil

SemTxvevebs zogjer Tan axlavs Zaladobac, gansakuTrebiT ki parizsa da

mis gareubnebSi.

safrangeTisa da Sveicariisgan gansxvavebiT, romlebic ganviTarebul

demokratiul saxelmwifebs warmoadgenen, saqarTvelo konstituciuri

respublikaa ganviTarebadi demoratiiTa da ekonomikiT. saqarTvelos

politikur istoriaSi swored “2012 wlis saparlamento arCevnebis Sedegad

ganxorcielda xelisuflebis pirveli demokratiuli gadacema,” aRniSnavs

amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departamenti sakuTar veb-

gverdze (internet wyaro N 87). saqarTvelo safrangeTisa da Sveicariis

msgavsad turistebisaTvis usafrTxo qveynebis ricxvs miekuTvneba, sadac

bolo wlebSi kriminali mniSvnelovnad Semcirebulia da rogorc

safrangeTis sagareo uwyeba aRniSnavs, ar dgas usafrTxoebis seriozuli

problema. miuxedavad amisa, saqarTveloSi, iseve rogorc safrangeTSi,

xSiria Zarcvisa da wvrilmani qurdobis SemTxvevebi. ucxoeTis moqalaqeebze

ganxorcielebul danaSauls ZiriTadad finansuri motivi udevs safuZvlad,

ris gamoc, didi britaneTis sagareo uwyeba urCevs moqalaqeebs, rom Tavi

aaridon Tbilisis quCebSi sakuTari simdidris afiSirebas (internet wyaro

N 87)

103

satransporto infrastruqtura safrangeTsa da SveicariaSi Zalian

maRal donezea ganviTarebuli, rac gacilebiT martivsa da komfortuls

xdis turistebisaTvis, rogorc dedaqalaqSi, aseve Tavad qalaqebs Soris

Tavisufal gadaadgilebas qveynis mTel teritoriaze. SveicariaSi,

romelsac safrangeTisagan gansxavebuli geografiuli mdebareoba gaaCnia,

maqsimalurad aris daculi sagzao, sarkinigzo, Tu sahaero satransporto

usafrTxoeba, policia mkacrad icavs da akontrolebs saavtomobilo

moZraobis wesebs. rac Seexeba saqarTvelos, mas seriozuli xarvezebi da

Zalian bevri samuSao aqvs Casatarebeli satransporto infrastruqturis

ganviTarebis mimarTulebiT, romelsac ucxoeTis saxelmwifoTa sagareo

uwyebebi metad mZime Sefasebebs aZleven. maTi gancxadebiT, saqarTvelos

saavtomobilo gzebi metad rTul mdgomareobaSia, xSirad ar aris

ganaTebebi da sagzao niSnebi, sajaro transporti ki moZvelebulia da

dReniadag gadaWedilia. qarTveli mZRolebis mier sagzao wesebis ignorieba

kidev ufro metad zrdis avto-sagzao SemTvevaTa ricxvs. safrangeTis

sagareo uwyeba aRmoCnda faqtiurad is erTaderTi uwyeba, romelmac

adeqvaturi Sefaseba misca sagzao infrastruqturis amJamindel

mdomareobas, eyrdnoba ra saqarTvelos regionaluri ganviTarebisa da

infrastruqturis saministros monacemebs da acxadebs, rom, saqarTveloSi

ZiriTadi sagzao qseli 1 528 km. evropul standartebs Seesabameba, xolo

meoradi gzebis 91% da adgilobrivi gzebis 57% karg mdomareobaSia


rogorc SveicariaSi, aseve safrangeTSi, Seqmnilia specialuri

samsaxurebi, samTavrobo veb-gverdebi, romlebic qveynis sxvadasxva

regionebis meteorologiur prognozze muSaoben, deben uaxloes

informaciebsa da rekomendaciebs ucxoeli da adgilobrivi

vizitorebisaTvis mTebSi, Tu zRvispira regionebSi arsebuli mdgomareobis

Sesaxeb. magaliTad SveicariaSi funqcionirebs e.w Tovlisa da zvavebis

kvlevis federaluri komisiis veb-gverdi, xolo safrangeTSi meteo

Setyobinebisa da turistuli saitebis garda uaxloesi informaciis miReba

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adgilobrivi prefeqturebis veb-gverdebzec SesaZlebelia. msgavsi saxis

informaciebis miReba SesaZlebeli ar aris saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi, sadac

SeuZlebelia informaciis mopoveba saqarTvelos mTebSi arsebuli

mdgomareobis Sesaxeb da swored amitom, oficialuri uwyebebi moqalaqeebs

urCeven, rom saqarTveloSi yofnisas, mTebSi gamgzavrebis gadawyvetilebis

miRebamde aucilebelad daukavSirdnen adgilobriv kompanebsa da maT

gamocdil gidebs.

safrangeTisa da Sveicariis jandacvis sistemis funqcionirebis

xarisxsa da maT xelmisawvdomobas ucxoeTis qveynebis oficialuri uwyebebi

Zalian pozitiurad afaseben. Tumca turistebs am qveynebSi gamgzavrebamde

mouwodeben, aucileblad daezRvion, rom aRniSnuli dazRveva unda

iTvaliswinebdes gadaudebel, samaSvelo daxmarebis servissa da aseve

repatriacias, radgan msgavsi servisis gamoyeneba, rogorc wesi aRniSnul

qveynebSi Zalian did TanxebTan aris dakavSirebuli.

saqarTvelos jandacvis sistemas metad mZime Sefaseba eZleva

aRniSnuli samTavrobo uwyebebis veb-gverdebze. sagareo uwyebebi Tvlian,

rom samedicino dawesebulebebi xelmisawvdomi mxolod Tbilissa da

baTumSia, Tumca maT mier gaweuli samedicino daxmareba SesaZloa sakmaod

Zviri aRmoCndes. regionebSi ki saswrafo da gadaudebeli daxmarebis miReba

SeuZlebelic ki SeiZleba aRmoCndes, aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac

regionebidan saswrafo daxmarebiT avadmyofis transportirebas 24 saaTic

ki sWirdeba. garda amisa, samTavrobo uwyebebi aRniSnaven, rom xSirad

qarTveli eqimebi daxmarebis gawevamde pacientisagan pirdapir anazRaurebas

moiTxoven. aSkaraa, rom msgavsi saxis negatiuri Sinaarsis Semcveli

informaciebi arcTu saxarbielo ganwyobebs qmnian saqarTveloSi Camosvlis

survilis mqone turistebSi.

Sveicaria da safrangeTi, es is demokratiuli saxelmwifoebia, sadac

saqarTvelosTan SedarebiT maRalia moqalaqeobrivi TviTSegneba da

daculia adamianis uflebebi, maT Soris umciresobebis. am saxelmwifoebSi

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lgbt pirebis uflebebs antidiskriminaciuli kanonebi icavs da ar arsebobs

maTTvis raime saxis samarTlebrivi Tu samTavrobo SezRudva. sagareo

uwyebebi aRniSnaven, rom marTalia saqarTvelom 2014 wels miiRo

antidiskriminaciuli kanoni, magram miuxedavad amisa, mosaxleobis farTo

fenebisaTvis hormoseqsualizmi miuRebelia da qveyanaSi xSirad adgili aqvs

aseTi plgt pirebis mimarT agresiisa da diskriminaciis SemTxvevebs. didi

britaneTisa da amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departaments

moyvanili hyavs 2013 wlis 17 maiss homofobiisa da transfobiis winaaRmdeg

brZolis saerTaSoriso dRis aRsaniSnavi aqciis SemTxveva, rodesac aqciis

monawileebs maTma mowinaaRmdegeebma ar misces aqciis Catarebis saSualeba

da fizikurad da sityvierad gauswordnen maT.

cxrili 16.

usafrTxoeba

saqarTvelo Sveicaria safrangeTi

didi britaneTi 1.danaSauliganxorcielebuliucxoelebis mimarTucxo ar aris saq-Si.Tan ar iqonioT didiodenobiT Tanxa daZvirfasi samkaulebi.yuradReba gamoiCineTiseT adgilebSi,romlebsac ucxoelebixSirad stumroben,rogoricaa: vake,saburTalo,axvledianze barebisquCa (e.w perovskaia).

1.SeimCneva qurdobiszrda, ganskuTrebiTdid qalaqebSi, JenevisaeroportSi, JenevismimarTulebiT/Jenevidansarkinigzo sadgurebSi

2.didma naleqmagamoiwvia wyaldidobaqveynis zogierTnawilSi.gamgzavrebamdegaecaniT amindisprognozs, romelicSesaZloa moicavdessaxifaTo pirobebsa dawyaldidobis Sesaxebinformacias

3.SveicariaSiterorizmis safrTxeZalian dabalia. 2013 w.698.375 britaneli ewviaSveicarias da maTmayvela vizitmauproblemod Caiara

4.SveicariaSi

1.safrangeTSiarsebobsislamisturidajgufebebisTavdasxmebissafrTxe,rogoricaa ISIL-i.safrangeTismTavrobaafrTxilebsmosaxleobas, romiyvenen metismetadfxizlad dagaaZlieron Sidada gareusafrToxebiszomebi

2.arsebobsaralegalimigrantebis didiraodenoba,romlebicSesaZloaSeecadonbritaneTSiukanonod Sesvlas

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seriozulidanaSaulis dabalimaCvenebeli arsebobs,Tumca didibritaneTis saelCosmier axlaxan miRebuliinformaciis mixedviT,gaizarda qurdobismaCvenebeli,gansakuTrebiT JenevisaeroportSi damatareblebSiJenevidan/JenevismimarTulebiT.

5.SveicariaSi sagzaowesebs mkacrad icavspolicia.

6.SveicariaSisxvadasxva alpuririskebi arsebobs wlisganmavlobaSi. metiinformaciisa darCevebis miRebaSesaZlebeliaSveicariisfederaluri komisiisTovlisa da zvavebiskvlevis veb-gverdze.

3.daaxloebiT 17mil. britanelistumrobsyovelwliuradsafrangeTs damaTi vizitebisumravlesobauproblemodmimdinareobs.

4.jibis da sxvasaxis qurdebimoqmedeben parizismiwisqveSagadasasvlelebSi,RER-is xazebze, daaseve magistralursadgurebze,magaliTadrogoricaa:CrdiloeTissadguri Gare duNord, arsebobsramdenimeseriozuliTavdasxmisSemTxveva RER xazB -Si, romelicSarl de golis,orlisaeroportebsa daaseve parizissadgursemsaxureba.

5.avto banakebis(Car camping) drosdafiqsirebuliayaCaRobisSemTxvevebimZinareadamianebze, racdakavSirebuliaukanonomigrantebisgadmodinebasTanda swored amitom,sagareo uwyebamouwodebT, romar moaxdinonavtomobilisparkirebaizolirebulteritoriaze

aSS 1.saqarTvelokonsituticurirespublikaaganviTarebadidemoratiiTa da

1.SveicariaTavisufaliateroristuliTavdasxmebisagan,Tumca misi sazRvrebi

1.zogadadsafrangeTi SedisusafrTxoqveynebis ricxvSi.

2.safrangeTis

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ekonomikiT. 2012 wlissaparlamentoarCevnebis Sedegadganxorcieldaxelisuflebispirvelidemokratiuligadacema. 250 000iZulebiTgadaadgilebuli piriaafxazeTidan da sam.oseTidan. turistuliobieqtebi Tbilisisada baTumis gareT ararismaRalganviTarebuli.bevri servisis miRebaqveynis sxva mxareebSiSesaZlebeli ar aris.

2.politikuridemonstraciebidrodadro imarTebasaq-Si, Tumca bolowlebSi dapirispirebasmomitingeebsa daxelisuflebas Sorisadgili ar hqonia

3.rodesac saq-SimogzaurobT,gamoiyeneT iseTivesifrTxilis zomebi,rogorc nebismier didqalaqSimogzaurobisas.wvrilmani quCisdanaSauli, rogoricaqurdoba, jibisqurdobagavrcelebulia mTeliqveynis maStabiT.

3. aSS-s moqalaqeebiSesaZloa ekonomikurida finansuri motiviTganxorcielebulidanaSaulis samizneaRmoCnden.

Riaa evropisqveynebTan, racteroristulidajgufebebis SesvlisSesaZleblobas tovebs

xelisuflebainarCunebsusafrTxoebissistemas e.w“Vigipirate,”,romelic aSS-sSidausafrTxoebisdepartamentismrCevelTasistemis analogia.am sistemiswyalobiT izrdebaxilvadobaaeroportebSi,matareblebSi,metrosadgurebsada sxvaxalxmravaladgilebSi

3.safrangeTisuaxles istoriaSiaSS-s moqalaqezeganxorcielebuliarcerTiteroristuliSemTxveva amdromde aryofila.

4.frangisamarTaldamcavebi“Zalian aqtiuriebiarian dadauyoneblivreagireben”.sajarousafrTxoebassafrangeTSi samiZala icavs:municipaluripolicia,erovnuli policiada samxedroJandarmeria.

5.danaSaulisumravlesobaaraZaladobrivia,magram jibisqurdobamniSvnelovanproblemaswarmoadgens bevradgilas.danaSaulisumravlesobaganxorcielebuliaZiriTadaducxoelebis

108

winaaRmdeg, maTSoris aSS-smoqalaqeebismimarT, rogoricaadaxvedra,velosipedismoparva da sxvasaxis qurdobebi,romelsac axlavsminimaluriZaladoba.

6.iseve rogorcmraval qalaqSi,maT SorisparizSic, qalebmaunda gamoiCinonmeti sifrTxileRamiT martogadaadgilebisas

Sveicaria 1.saq-Si kriminalimniSvnelovnadSemcirda bolowlebSi.dafiqsirebuliaqurdoba, manqanisZarcva, romelsaczogjer Zaladobaaxlavs Tan.

1.wvrilmaniqurdoba: Zarcva,jibis qurdoba daavtomobilisZarcvagansakuTrebiTgazrdiliamarselsa dasamxreTsafrangeTissanapiroze

safrangeTi 1.qveynis danarCennawilSi, iseverogorc dedaqalaqTbilisSi ar dgasusafrTxoebisseriozuli problema,Tumca wvrilmaniqurdobebi (Zarcva,dayaCaReba) gvxdebasaqarTveloSi

1.vizitorebs marTebTyuradReba wvrilmaniaeroporteebSi,sadgurebSi da sajarotransportSi qurdobisSemTxvevebis gamo

kanada 1.aranari gafrTxilebaar aris saWiro mTelisaqarTvelos maStabiT.miiRon mxolodnormaluriusafrTxoebis zomebi

2.dafiqsirebuliwvrilmani qurodoba,rogoricaa jibisqurdoba, xelCanTisqurdoba.danaSaulebriviSemTxvevebi ZiriTadadcudad ganaTebuladgilebSi xdeba

1.miiRon normaluriusafTrTxoebis zomebi

2.jibisa da xelCanTisqurdobis SemTxvevebigaizarda daZiriTadadxorcieldeba: bernSi,ciurixsa da JenevaSi.aseTi SemTxvevebixSiria sajaroTavSeyris adgilebSi,kerZod aeroportebsada sadgurebSi,gansakuTrebiT ki RamismatareblebSi mezobel

1.miiRon mxolodnormaluriusafrTxoebiszomebi.

2.safrangeTismTavrobainarCunebssifxizlissamTavrobo gegmas,romlis mizaniaxalxis,infrastuqturisada institutebisdacva damomzadebateroristuli

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3.ecadeT sakuTarisimdidrisgamomziurebas

4.Zaladoba, agresia,dayaCaReba seqsualuriZaladoba da sxvaseriozuli saxisdanaSaulebaniucxoelebis mimarT aryofiladafiqsirebuli

5. adgili aqvsdemonstraciebs,romelic SesaZloaZaladobaSigadaizardos

qveynebSi TavdasxmisSemTxvevaSi.

3.wvrilmanidanaSauli,rogoricaaxelCanTiswarTmeva dajibis qurdobaxorcieldebaZiriTadturistulzonebSi

4. parizsa daparizisgareubnebSidafiqsirebuliaqurdobisSemTxvevaTamniSvnelovanizrda, romelsacZaladobac axlavs.qurdebiZiriTadad glejenpirad nivTebsmobilurzemolaparakeadamianebs

avstralia 1.seriozuldanaSaulTaraodenoba SemcirdasaqarTveloSi, kerZodki TbilisSi. 2. TumcawarsulSi xdebodaincidentebi, rodesacZaladobrividanaSauli Cadeniliiqna ucxoelebismimarT, maT SorisZarcva, gataceba, daseqsualuri Zaladoba

1.seriozulidanaSaulismaCvenebeliSveicariaSi dabalia,Tumca wvrilmaniqurdoba xasiaTdebazrdis tendenciiT,gansakuTrebiTsazogadoebrivtransportSi,aeroportebSi,sarkingzo sadgurebsada turistuliatraqcionebismimdebare teritoriaze

1.miiRonnormaluriusafrTxoebiszomebi

2.SeimCnevawvrilmanidanaSauli sajarotransportSi,gansakuTrebiTturistuladgilebSi:laTinurkvartalSi,eifelis koSkTan,triumfalurTaRTan,versalTan,univermaRebSi,sajarotransportsa daaeroportebSi,restornebSi,kafeebsa dasanapiroebze.qurdebi xSiradmuSaobenjgufurad,sxvadasxvadaxvewili daagresiuli

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meTodebiT

3.SeimCnevaqurdobisSemTxvevaTamniSvnelovanizrdis tendencia,gansakuTrebiTparizsa da misSemogarenSi

4.avtomobilebixSirad arindamnaSaveTasamizne.avtomobilidanCanTisa da piradinivTebiswaglejvisSemTxvevebigansakurebiTxSiria samxreTsafrangeTSi,espaneTis, italiissasazRvrozolTan

5.gamoiyeneTmxolodlicenzirebulitaqsebi, radgandafiqsirebuliaaralicenzirebultaqsebSi Zarcvisada dayaCaRebisSemTxvevebi

satransporto infrastruqtura


didi britaneTi 1.mravali gzasaqarTveloSi cudadganaTebuli dauxarisxoa. upatronoSinauri pirutyviqmnis safrTxes bevradgilebSi. sagzaowesebi stresulia,xolo avtomobilebiki ZiriTadad cudmgomareobaSia

1.alpuri zamTrisperiodSi xSiradavtomobilis marTvarTulia, sworedamitom aRWurveTTqveni avtomobilijaWvebiTa da zamTrissaburavebiT

1.2012 welssafrangeTisgzebze adamianTasikvdilianobis3.653 SemTxvevadafiqsirda, rac5.6%-s Seadgens 100aTas adamianze.maSin rodesac,did britaneTSidaaxloebiTsikvdilianobis2.8%-iadafiqsirebuli;2.adgilobrivizRvis pirobebmaSesaZloa safrTxeSeuqmnas Zliermocuraveebsac kiatlantikis

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sanapiroze. TumcasafrangeTispliaJebze arianmaSvelebi,gamafrTxilebelisistemebi (feradidroSebiT) daSesabamisadyovelTvismkacrad undadaemorCilonturistebirCevebsa dainformaciebs,romlis miRebacmaT safrangeTisadgilobriviprefeqturebis veb-gverdebzeSeuZliaT

3.xSiriaavtomobilisZarcvisSemTxvevebi.xagareo uwyebamouwodebsturistebs, rom ardatovon piradinivTebiavtomobilSi dadaayenon isinimxolod usafrTxoadgilze

4.aseve xSiriasaavtomobilogzebze gaCerebisada ZarcvisSemTxvevebi

5.safrangeTismTebSigamgzavrebamdedidi britaneTissagareo uwyebaurCevsvizitorebs, romSeamowmoninformaciauaxloes zvavmdgomareobasa dariskebTandakavSirebiTsafrangeTis meteoSetyobinebis veb-gverdze

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aSS 1.kerZo avtomobilebi,taqsebi dasazogadoebrivitransportiTsaxmeleTomogzauroba zogadadusafrTxoa saq-Si,Tumca gadaWedilitransporti zrdismgzavrobebisdaucvelobasqurdebisgan.

2. saq-Si avtomobilismarTvisasaucilebeliaukiduresi sifrTxile,radgan bevriadgilobrivi mZRoliar icavs sagzaowesebs da xdeba maTisruli ignorireba

1.miuxedavad imisa, romSveicariaSi gzebisumetesoba mTiani daxveulia, gzebzeusafrToxebisstandartebi maRalia.saavtomobilomoZraoba zafxulSicSesaZloa bevrad ufrosaxifaTo aRmoCndes,iseve rogorcsaxifaToa zamTrisardadagebze, rodesacizrdeba avtomobilTamoZraoba.

1.safrangeTi arisganviTarebuli dastabiluridemokratiulisaxelmwifoTanamedroveekonomikiT.turistuliinfrastruqturafarTod arisxelmisawvdomiparizSi.

2.safrangeTiskanoni moiTxovs,rom nebismieriaxali sajaro dakerZo Senobaxelmiswavdomiiyos SSmp-Tvis,magram bevriaxali SenobaaRniSnulmoTxovnas verakmayofilebs.

3.ZiriTadturistuladgilebSigadaadgilebispirobebisaukeTesoa.parizSi Zalianbevr avtobussa datramvais aqvsbaqani SSmp-Tvis.

4.“ZiriTadmagistralebze,yovel 25kilometrSigvxdeba servissadgurebi. parizsaqvs farTo daefeqturisazogadoebrivisatransportosistema.damakavSirebelisistemaavtobusebis,miwisqveSagadasasvlelebis,sagareubnomatareblebisservisis, romelicyoveldRiurad 4mil. adamiansemsaxureba

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usafrTxoebisCanawerebiT daSedarebiTukeTesia, vidreaSS-s qalaqebisZiriTad nawilSi

5.safrangeTisqalaqebs aseveerTmaneTTanakavSirebs farTosarkinigzo qseli,romelicusafrTxo dasaimedoa.safrangeTis didqalaqebSigadaadgilebaSesaZlebeliamaRali siCqarismatarebliT e.wTGV-iT (“swrafimatarebeli”).

6.safrangeTis bevrqalaqSifunqcionirebsxSiri sahaeromimosvla.matarebliTgadaadgilebaavtomobilTanSedarebiTgacilebiTusafrTxoa.

7.safrangeTSiavtoavariebiTsikvdilianobismaCvenebeli fexiTmosiaruleTa 13%-sSeadgens, racfaqtiurad igivea,rac aSS-Si.

8.safrangeTissamoqalaqoaviaciisorganizacia srulSesabamisobaSia daakmayofilebssaerTaSorisosamoqalaqoaviaciisorganizaciisusafrTxoebisstandartebs.

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Sveicaria 1.ZiriTadi gzebisgarda, mravali gzacud mdgomareobaSia,moSorebuli regionebixelmisawvdomiamxolod jipiT.

2.avtomZRolebisaraprognozirebadimarTva (sagzao wesebisignorireba) zrdisavariebis risks.

1.sagzao qseliqveyanaSi kargadarisganviTarebuli

safrangeTi 1.saq-osinfrastruqturissaministos cnobiT,saq-Si ZiriTadisagzao qseli 1 528 km.evropul standartebsSeesabameba, xolomeoradi gzebis 91% daadgilobrivi gzebis57% kargmdomareobaSi imyofeba

2.arausafrTxoebagzebze gazrdilia(2013 wels 514sikvdilis SemTxveva4.5 milion adamianze)

3. avtomobilismZRolebsgansakuTrebulisifrTxile marTebTgansakurebiT Rame,miwisqveSagadasasvlelebTan Tan

1.sarkinigzo qselimTeli qveynis maStabiTganviTarebulia,usafrTxoebisumaRlesi pirobebiTada drouli mimosvliT

kanada 1.avtosagzaoSemTxvevebi ZiriTadadgardacvalebiT, anfizikuri dazianebiTmTavrdeba, amitomimoZraveT TrTxilad

2.avtomobilis marTviscudi unarebi daarasakmarisi ganaTebasagzao moZraobassaxifaTos xdis

3. gamoiyeneTlogoiani taqsebi dasafasurze winaswarSeuTanxmdiT

1.miuxedavad imisa, romSveicariis gzebimTiania, isini Zaliankarg mdgomareobaSia,sadac daculiausafrTxoebis maRalistandarti.aucilebelia, romavtomobilebiaRWurvilni iyvnenzamTris saburavebiT,xolo zogierT mTianregionSigadaadgilebis droski aucilebeliaiqonion mocurebissawinaaRmdego jaWvebi.

2.sazogadoebrivitransporti SesaniSnavmdgomareobaSia

1.safrangeTisgzebi kargad arismovlili.

2.Zalian swrafadmimavaliavtomZRolebizrdianavtoavariaTarisks.

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3.mizanSewonilia,Seamowmon da naxonSveicariis turizmissaagentos veb-gverdi,raTa miiRon amindispirobebis Sesaxebinformacia

avstralia 1.avtomobilis marTvaSesaZloa saxifaToaRmoCndes, radgangzebi daavtomobilebi cudmdgomareobaSia, maTxSirad ara aqvTganaTeba da sagzaoniSnebi.avtomZRolebssifrTxile marTebT,radgan xSiria sagzaowesebis ignorireba. G

2.gzebi zamTarSiSesaZloa saxifaToaRmoCndes.

3.sajaro transporti,rogoricaaavtobusebi,matareblebi, taqsebi,SesaZloa saxifaToaRmoCndes sagzaopirobebis gamo. Aarisqurdobisa da agresiisSemTxvevebi rogorcmatarebelSi, aseveTbilisis mTavarsadgurSi.

4.SesaZloa rTuliaRmoCndes zustiinformaciis miRebamTebSi arsebulimdgomareobis Sesaxeb,risTvisac undadaukavSirdeT qarTulkompaniebs da maTgidebs.

1.avtomobilismarTvisas aucilebliagansakuTrebuliyuradReba miaqcioTgzis pirobebszamTarSi, rac xSiradaucilebels xdisjaWvebis gamoyenebas

2. dRis saaTebSi yvelaavtomobilsmoZraobisas undahqondes farebianTebuli, winaaRmdegSemTxvevaSi, darRvevaiTvaliswinebs jarimas.

3. yvela avtomobiliaucileblad unda iyosaRWurviligamafrTxilebelisamkuTxa niSniT,ubeduri SemTxvevisaTu mwyobridangamosvlisSemTxvevisaTvis

1. safrangeTSigamoiyeneTmxolodlicenzirebulitaqsebi, radganaralicenzirebulitaqsebisgamoyebisasdafiqsirdaTavdasxmisa daZarcvisSemTxvevebi

2. yvelaavtomobilisaTvissavaldebuloaamreklavi JiletisdagamafrTxilebelisamkuTxedisgamoyenebaavtomobilisgafuWebisa TuavtosagzaoSemTxvevis dros

jandacva


didi britaneTi 1.samedicinodawesebulebebixelmisawvdomiaTbilisSi, TumcaSesaZloa maTisamedicino servisi

1. aiReTsrulyofilituristuli dasamedicinodazRveva dadarwmundiT, rom

1.TusafrangeTSiapirebTgamgzavrebas,aucilebladunda miiRoT

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Zviri aRmoCndes.Tbilisis gareT,samedicinodawesebulebaTaraodenobaSezRudulia.darwmundiT, romTqveni dazRvevafaravs sazRvargareTnebismieri saxismkurnalobasa da aseveTqveni repatriaciisxarjebs.

Tqveni dazRvevamoicavs dafaravs zamTris/mTis aqtivobebTandakavSirebulxarjebs

TavisufalievropulijandacvissadazRvevobaraTi EHIC

aSS 1.dasavluri tipissamedicinomomsaxureba saq-SiSezRudulia, TumcasaqarTvelos jandacvaganagrZobsgaumjobesebas.arsebobs samedicnodawesebulebebisa daservisis deficitiTbilisisa da baTumisgareT, sadacSezRudulia, andaSesaZloa saerTod ararsebobdes. saswrafodaxmarebiTtransporitebasregionebidanSesaZloa 24 saaTidasWirdes. saswrafodaxmarebis manqanaSeiZleba ar iyosxelmisawvdomiraionebSi, andaSesaZloa misiTbilisidangamogzavna gaxdessaWiro

3.qarTveli eqimebisamedicino daxmarebisgawevamde naRdangariSsworebasmoiTxoven

1.SesaniSnavi,maRali xarisxissamedicinomomsaxurebafarTod arisxelmisawvdomimTeli qveynismasStabiT

1.safrangeTSisamedicinomomsaxurebamaRalistandartisaa

2.TusafrangeTSiapirebTgamgzavrebas,aucilebladunda aiRoTTavisufalievropulijandacvissadazRvevobaraTi EHIC.

Sveicaria 1.saswarfo samedicinomomsaxurebauzrunvelyofiliamxolod urbanulcentrebSi. SoreuladgilebSiavadmyofobis, anubeduri SemTxvevisdros swrafisamedicino servisi araris garantirebuli

1.SveicariaSisamedicnoCarevis Tusagangebosamsaxurebismier gaweulixarjebi

(SAMU), zogjeermTlianad, annawilobriv araris xolmedafaruli

117

2.seriozuliavadmyofobis andazianebis SemTxvevaSiumjobesia SveicariaSidabruneba

janmrTelobisan ubeduriSemTxvevisdazRveviT,swored amitomurCeven, romgamgzavrebamdewinaswar aiRondazReva,romelicfaravs ubedurSemTxvevaTa dasamSobloSirepatriaciisxarjebs

safrangeTi 1.saq-Si gavrcelebulimeningiti, malaria,tuberkuliozi

2.adgilobrivmasanitarulmasamsaxurebmadaadastures, romTbilisSi Zalianbevri mawanwala ZaRlicofis matarebelia

1.SveicariaSi,sagangebosamsaxurebis,aseveintervenciisxarjebi(gadaudebelisamedinodaxmrebisanalogi),romelic arifareba mTlianadan nawilobrivifarebajanmrTelobisdazRvevis, TuubeduriSemTxvevisdazRveviTgaTvaliswinebulixelSekrulebiT,aris piradadsakuTari jibidangadasaxdeli

kanada 1. nu geqnebaT imismolodini, romsamedicno momsaxurebaiseTive iqneba,rogorsac kanadagTavazobT

2.iqonieT samedicinomedikamentebianixelCanTa,gansakuTrebiT TuTqven mogiwevT yofnadidi urbanulicentridan moSorebiT

1.nu geqnebaT imismolodini, romsamedicnomomsaxurebaiseTive iqneba,rogorsac kanadagTavazobT

2.iqonieTsamedicinomedikamentebianixelCanTa,gansakuTrebiT TuTqven mogiwevTyofna didiurbanulicentridanmoSorebiT

1. nu geqnebaTimis molodini,rom samedicnomomsaxurebaiseTive iqneba,rogorsackanadagTavazobT

2.iqonieTsamedicinomedikamentebianixelCanTa,gansakuTrebiTTu TqvenmogiwevT yofnadidi urbanulicentridanmoSorebiT

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avstralia 1.samedicinomomsaxureba,gansakuTrebiT TbilisgareT SezRudulia.miuxedavad imisa, rommedikamentebievropuli da rusulixelmwisawvdomia,samedicinomomsaxurebis xarisxida saSualebebimwiria. samedicinoevakuacia, romelicsakmaod Zviri jdeba,SesaZlebelia saWirogaxdes mZimeavadmyofobis andazinebis SemTxvevaSi.saqarTveloSigavrcelebuliamalaria, muclis tifi,tuberkuliozi,brucelozi dahepatiti

1.sagareo uwyebamoqalaqeebsurCevs, romsafrangeTSigamgzavrebamdemiiRonsrulyofilisamedicinodazRveva,romelSic asevesamedicinoevakuaciac Seva

1.sagareo uwyebaurCevs, rommiiRonsrulyofilisamedicinodazRvevasafrangeTSigamgzavrebamde,romelSic asevesamedicinoevakuaciac Seva.

2.standartulisamedicinomomsaxurebasafrangeTSiZalian Zviria,misi dRiurifasi sajarohospitalSi 1350-3 350dolaramdemeryeobs

umciresobebi da maTi uflebebi


didi britaneTi 1.homoseqsualizmilegaluriasaqarTveloSi, TumcafarTod ar arismiRebulisazogadoebisaTvis.2013 wlis 17 maiss,homofobiisaRsaniSnavad gamarTulaqciis CatarebasTbilisSi xeliSeuSalagulSematkivarTafarTo masam.saqarTvelosmarTmadideblurieklesiis mxadamWerebifizikurad dasityvieradgauswordnen aqciismonawileebs.

1.Sveicariis turizmisoficialuri saitisTvazobs sasargebloinformaciebs SSmp-isada SezRuduligadaadgilebis mqoneadamianebisaTvis

1.saxis damalvasazogadoebrivadgilebSisafrangeTSiakrZalulia daukanonod iTvleba.igi gulisxmobsniRbebs, srulpirbades, nebismiersamoselsa TuniRabs, romelicgamoiyeneba saxisSesaniRbad.aRniSnuli kanonisSeusruleblobaiTvaliswinebsjarimis 150 evrosodenobiT. kanonismixedviT, adamiani,romelic aiZulebsvinmes, damalossakuTari saxe,iTvlebadanaSaulad daiTvaliswinebsdapatimrebas, anjarimas 30 aTasievros odenobiT.Tu piri, romelsacaiZules damalossaxe arisarasrulwlovani,

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sasjeliormagdeba. kanoniar iTvaliswinebsraime saxisgamonaklissturistebisaTvis

aSS 1.lgbt pirebis icavsantidiskriminaciulikanonebi saq-Si da ararsebobssamarTlebrividabrkoleba maTimovlenebisaRsaniSnavad.

2.Tumca tradiciulmakulturulmadamokidebulebamSesaZloa gamoiwvioslgbt pirebisdiskriminacia daSeviwroeba.

3. warsulSi zogierTilgbt da religiuriumciresobebi iyvnenTavdasxmaTa samizne

4. 2013 wlis 17 maissZaladobrivad CaiSalahomofobiissaerTaSoriso dRisaRsaniSnavi aqcia maTikontr aqciismonawileebis mier

5.miuxedavad imisa, romsaq-osadministraciulikodeqsi adgenssazogadoebrivSenobebs SSmp-isaTvis,mainc Zalian mcireamaTTvis xelmisawvdomisajaro da kerZoSenobebi. kerZo dasajaro transportiver uzrunvelyofasSSmp-ebisgadaadgilebas.

1.lgbt pirebisargebloben sruliuflebebiTSveicariaSi, maTuflebebs icavsantidiskriminaciulikanonebi da ararsebobs raimesamarTlebrivi ansamTavrobodabrkolebebi lgbtmovlenebisaRsaniSnavad.

2. SSmp-ebs SesaZloagarkveuli sirTuleebiSeeqmnaTgadaadgilebisas,radgan SveicariamaTTvis adaptirebuliinfrastruqturisgaumjobesebis, anmowyobis procesSia.eqspertebisgancxadebiT, erovnuldoneze Senoba-nagebobis mxolod 30%-i akmayofilebsaRniSnul moTxovnebs

ar arsebobsaranairisamarTlevriviSezRudva lgbtpirebisaTvis, iseverogorc lgbtmovlenebisaRniSvnisa

Sveicaria 1.adamianebi, romlebicsajarod afiSirebensakuTarhormoseqsualurorientacias xSiradagresiis msxverplnixdebian

2. araadekvaturi cixis

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pirobebi (gadaWedilisaknebi, arasakmarisisamedicino dasanitarulimomsaxureba) zrdistuberkulioziTdaavadebis risks

kanada 1.hormeseqsualobalegaluria, TumcaqarTuli sazogadoebisfarTo fenebisaTvismiuRebelia

avstralia 1.saqarTveloskanonmdeblobas argaaCnia naTeli damkafio regulaciebi daprocedurebisurogaciasTandakavSirebiT, amitomacmxedvelobaSi undamiiRoT riskebi dapotenciuri Sedegebida gaiareTsamarTlebrivikonsultaciebi sanamgarigebas dadebT

1.saxis damalvasazogadoebrivadgilebSisafrangeTSiakrZalulia daukanonod iTvleba.igi gulisxmobsniRbebs, srulpirbades, nebismiersamoselsa TuniRabs, romelicgamoiyeneba saxisSesaniRbad.aRniSnuli kanonisSeusruleblobaiTvaliswinebsjarimis 150 evrosodenobiT. kanonismixedviT, adamiani,romelic aiZulebsvinmes, damalossakuTari saxe,iTvlebadanaSaulad daiTvaliswinebsdapatimrebas, anjarimas 30 aTasievros odenobiT.Tu piri, romelsacaiZules damalossaxe arisarasrulwlovani,sasjeliormagdeba. kanoniar iTvaliswinebsraime saxisgamonaklissturistebisaTvis

121

$ 3. 2. saqarTvelos samxreT kavkasieli mezoblebis turistuli imiji:

somxeTi da Aazerbaijani

somxeTi

saWiroa aRiniSnos, rom samxreT kavkasiis qveynebi turizmis sferoSi

konkurentebi arian, maT SeiZleba erTmaneTs “waarTvan” turistebi, Tumca

maT Soris SesaZlebelia regionaluri TanamSromlobac. kvlevis procesSi

aseve Sevecade Semeswavla samxreT kavkasiis mezobeli qveynebis Sesaxeb

ganTavsebuli informaciebi im qveynebis sagareo uwyebebis veb-gverdebis

mixedviT, romelTa mixedviTac ganvixile saqarTvelos turistuli imiji.

unda aRiniSnos, rom samxreT kavkasiis qveynebis turistuli imiji ucxoeTis

wamyvani saxelwifoebis sagareo uwyebebis veb-gverdebze ZiriTadad

identurad xasiaTdeba.

somxeTi, mezobeli azerbaijanis msgavsad aSS-s saxelmwifo

departamentis veb-gverdze warmodgenilia, rogorc ganviTarebdi ekonomikis

mqone saxelmwifod, sadac infrastruqtura da turistuli servisi

dedaqalaqis gareT SezRudulia (internet wyaro N 108).

ucxoeTis saxelmwifoTa sagareo uwyebebis veb-gverdebze

ganTavsebul informaciebze dayrdnobiT, somxeTSi danaSauli ucxoelebis

winaaRmdeg iSviaTad xdeba, gansakuTrebiT ki dedaqalaqSi, Tumca dRemde

gvxdeba kriminalur dajgufebaTa mier organizebul danaSaulebaTa

SemTxvevebi, miuxedavad imisa, rom igi SesaZloa saerTod ar exebodes

turizms. qurdoba, jibis qurdoba da manqanis Zarcva somxeTSi yvelaze

gavrcelebuli danaSaulis saxeobebia. Zaladobrivi danaSaulis maCvenebeli

da kriminaluri foni zogadad dabalia qveyanaSi, vidre aSS-is umetes

qalaqebSi - aRniSnavs amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo

departamenti (internet wyaro N 108), Tumca aqve afrTxilebs somxeTSi

biznesis dawyebis msurvel investorebs, rom ramdenime amerikel investors

122

hqonda qonebrivi dava, Tumca sasamarTlo procesi xangrZlivi da, umetes

SemTxvevaSi, warumatebeli aRmoCnda ucxoeli investorebisaTvis.

miuxedavad imisa, rom zogadi politikuri foni mSvidia qveyanaSi,

somxeTSi xSirad imarTeba saprotesto gamosvlebi da manifestaciebi,

romlebic SesaZloa ZaladobaSi gadaizardos. swored amitom, oficialuri

uwyebebi somxeTSi Camosvlis msurvel moqalaqeebs am SekrebebSi

monawileobisagan TavSekavebas urCeven.

miuxedavad imisa, rom somxeTsa da azerbaijans Soris 1994 wels xeli

moewera cecxlis Sewyvetis SeTanxmebas, somxeTisaTvis sazRvrebi

TurqeTTan da azerbaijanTan kvlav daketili rCeba mTiani yarabaRis

konfliqtis gamo. Cvens mier Seswavlili TiTqmis yvela qveynis sagareo

uwyebis veb-gverdze somxeTis Sesaxeb ganTavebul sainformacio furcelze

aRniSnulia, rom separatistebi, somxeTis mxardaWeriT kvlav akontroleben

mTian yarabaRsa da azerbaijanis Svid okupirebul regions. somxeTis

gavliT mogzauroba mTian yarabaRsa da mis mimdebare teritoriaze

azerbaijanis mTavrobis Tanxmobis gareSe, momavalSi azerbaijanis

teritoriaze Sesvlisas seriozul problemebs SeuqmniT maT. konfliqturi

zonebi da aseve misi mosazRvre teritoriebi, romlebsac somxeTis

xelisufleba akontrolebs kvlav danaRmulia. azerbaijanTan sasazRvro

regionSi da cecxlis Sewyvetis xazis gaswvriv periodulad adgili aqvs

incidentebs, romelsac Tan axlavs adamianTa daWrisa da gardacvalebis

SemTxvevebi. safrangeTis sagareo uwyeba, iseve rogorc sxva qveynebis

oficialuri warmomadgenloba mkacrad afrTxilebs mogzaurebs, rom ar

gaemgzavron azerbaijanis mosazRvre teritoriebze, sadac regularulad

xdeba Setakebebi (tavuSis regionSi), (internet wyaro N 85).

saxmeleTo mogzauroba somxeTis teritoriaze did sifrTxilesa da

windaxedulobas moiTxovs. sajaro transporti iafia, magram arasando da

arakomfortulia, romelic mudmivad gadaWedilia da cud mdgomareobaSia.

erT-erTi sicocxlisaTvis yvelaze saSiS da naklebad usafrTxo

123

satransporto saSualebas mikroavtobusebi warmoadgenen, romliTac

mogzauroba mgzavrebisaTvis gacilebiT saSiSia, vidre sxva sazogadoebrivi

transportiT sargebloba, radgan Zalian xSiria avtoavariebis SemTxvevebi.

dedaqalaq erevnis gareT, ramdenime ZiriTadi mimarTulebis saavtomobilo

gzis garda, saavtomobilo gzebis umetesoba mZime mdgomareobaSia.

avtomobilebis araprognozirebadi marTva da marTvis wesebis

ugulebelyofa zrdis avto sagzao SemTxvevaTa risks. sagareo uwyebebi

moqalaqeebs RamiT mogzaurobis dros gansakuTrebuli sifrTxilisaken

mouwodeben. 2007 wels, samoqalaqo aviaciis saerTaSoriso organizaciam,

Catarebuli saaviacio usafrTxoebis auditis Sedegad daadgina, rom

somxeTSi saaviacio usafrTxoebis done saSualoze maRalia.

EucxoeTis qveynebis sagareo uwyebebis veb-gverdebze ganTavsebuli

informaciebidan irkveva, rom somxeTis jandacvis sistema arcTu

saxarbielo imijiT sargeblobs. miuxedavad imisa, rom somxeTSi mravali

kompetenturi eqimia, samedicino dawesebulebebi da servisi SezRudulia,

gansakuTrebiT ki mTavari qalaqebis gareT, romlebic ar Seesabameba da ver

pasuxoben evropul standartebs. somxeTSi asakovani da janmrTelobis

seriozuli problemis mqone mogzaurebi, arasakmarisi samidicino

momsaxurebis gamo SesaZloa didi riskis qveS aRmoCndnen. swored amitom,

seriozuli Wrilobis, an avadmyofobis SemTxvevaSi sagareo uwyebebi

moqalaqeebs samSobloSi dabrunebas urCeven.

SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebis garemosTan adaptaciis

mdgomareoba somxeTSi mZimea. amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo

departamentis gancxadebiT, miuxedavad imisa, rom somxeTma 2007 wels xeli

moawera adamianis uflebaTa konvencias, somxeTis xelisufleba ar

asrulebs aRebul valdebulebebs (internet wyaro N 108) qveyanaSi

faqtiurad ar arsebobs elementaruli pirobebi SSmp-isaTvis, maTi

parkirebisa da invalidis etliT gadaadgilebisaTvis.

124

somxeTSi ar arsebobs specialuri kanoni, romelic lgbt pirTa

uflebebs daicavs. qveyanaSi arsebuli tradiculi kulturuli

damokideblebis gamo, aseTi adamianebi saxelmwifosa da kerZo pirebis

mxridan diskriminacias ganicdian. umZimesia somxur sapatimroebSi arsebuli

mdgomareoba: gadaWedili saknebi, araadeqvaturi samedicino da sanitaruli

pirobebi, samedicino momsaxurebis deficiti, rac kidev ufro zrdis

tuberkulioziT daavadebaTa risks.

somxeTSi komunikacia, mobiluri telefoniTa Tu internetiT

sargebloba garkveul xarvezebTan aris dakavSirebuli, gansakuTrebiT ki

regionebSi. qveyanaSi SeimCneva internet kafeebis gaxsnis mzardi tendencia,

sadac interneti Zalian nela muSaobs da arasandoa. swored amitom, didi

britaneTis sagareo uwyeba mouwodebs somxeTSi mogzaurobis msurvel

moqalaqeebs, imisaTvis, rom Tavidan aicilon zedmeti SeSfoTeba, winaswar

gaafrTxilon aRniSnuli problemis Sesaxeb megobrebi da axloblebi


azerbaijani

azerbaijani mezobeli saqarTvelos msgavsad, ganviTarebadi

ekonomikis mqone saxelmwifos warmoadgens. dasavluri stilis

keTilmowyoba mxolod dedaqalaq baqoSi gvxdeba, xolo mis gareT

infrastruqtura da misawvdomoba turistul servisebTan gaumjobesebis da

dasavlur standartebTan SesabamisobaSi moyvanis procesSia.

globaluri da regionuli saafrTxeebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romlebic

mimarTulia amerikis SeerTebuli Statebisa da ucxouri interesebis

winaaRmdeg, amerikis saxelmwifo departamenti azerbaijanSi myof

moqalaqeebs sifxizlisaken mouwodebs, gansakuTrebiT ki dasavluri

sazogadoebis TavSeyris adgilebSi (internet wyaro N 109). veb-gverdze

moyvanilia 2012 wels momxdari SemTxveva, rodesac azerbaijanis erovnuli

125

usafrTxoebis saministrom droulad imoqmeda da teroristuli Tavdasxmis

Tavidan acileba SeZlo, romelic baqoSi ucxoelebis winaaRmdeg iyo

mimarTuli. saxelmwifo departamenti miiCnevs, rom amerikis SeerTebuli

Statebis moqalaqeebi informirebulni unda iyvnen im faqtis Sesaxeb, rom

azerbaijanSi Sekrebebi da manifestacebi warsulSi darbeuli iqna

xelisuflebis mier Zalis gamoyenebiT (internet wyaro N 109). dedaqalaqi

baqo miiCneva, rogorc SedarebiT usafrTxo qalaqad, Tumca, iseve rogorc

yvela did qalaqSi, zogadad danaSaulis maCvenebeli izrdeba (qurdoba,

Tavdasxmebi). qveynis maStabiT yvelaze farTod gavrcelebul

danaSaulebaTa SemTxvevebs warmoadgens moqalaqeebis Zarcva da maTze

Tavdaxxma. ucxoeTis moqalaqeebi didi safrTxis qveS imyofebian

xalxmraval da izolirebul adgilebSi. sakredito baraTebis gayalbeba

danaSaulis erT-erTi gavrcelebuli saxeobaa azerbaijanSi.

Cvens mier Seswavlili qveynebis oficialuri uwyebebi acxadeben, rom

mTiani yarabaRi da somxeTTan sasazRro regionebi okupirebulia somxeTis

mier, swored amitom isini moqalaqeebs mTian yarabaRSi, aseve somxeTis

mier okupirebul sasazRvro regionebSi gamgzavrebas ar urCeven.

mogzaurTaTvis aseve akrZalulia gadaadgileba ruseTis sasazRvro

regionSi (daRestani) adamianTa gatacebisa da sxva danaSaulebaTa realuri

safrTxis gamo. azerbaijansa da ruseTs Soris arsebuli sazRvari

daketilia da xelmiuwvdomelia ucxoelebisaTvis. amerikis saxelmwifo

departamenti azerbaijanis sainformacio furcelze, iseve rogorc

somxeTis SemTxvevaSi, Tanamoqalaqeebs sifrTxilisaken mouwodebs sofel

nardaranSi yofnisas, romelic baqodan 30 km-Si mdebareobs abSeronis

naxevarkunZulze, sadac 2009 wels amerikisa da israelis sawinaaRmdego

aqciebi gaimarTa (internet wyaro N109). oficialuri vaSingtoni

azerbaijanSi gamgzavrebis msurvel moqalaqeebs afrTxilebs, rom somxuri

warmomavlobis moqalaqeebs gansakuTrebuli sifrTxile marTebT

azerbaijanis teritoriaze, vinaidan azerbaijanis xelisuflebam ganacxada,

rom igi ver iqneba somxuri warmomavlobis mqone moqalaqeebis

126

usafrTxoebis garanti azerbaijanis teritoriaze (internet wyaro N 109).

safrangeTis sagareo uwyebis gancxadebiT, konfliqti somxeTsa da

azerbajans Soris mTiani yarabaRis gamo jer kidev gadauWrelia. somxeTisa

da mTiani yarabaRis TemasTan dakavSirebiT azerbaijani gansakuTrebiT

mgrZnobiarea, amitomac sagareo uwyeba moqalaqeebs azerbaijanSi am

TemasTan dakavSirebiT sakuTari Sexedulebebis dafiqsirebisagan

TavSekavebas urCevs (internet wyaro N 86).

avtosagzao SemTxvevebi azerbaijanSi maRalia da yovelwliurad

matulobs. miuxedavad imisa, rom axal sagzao monakveTze mdgomareoba

mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesda, Zveli sagzao qseli uxarisxoa da cudad

ganaTebulia. qveyanaSi avtomZRolebis marTvis dabali Cvevebi, sagzao

moZraobis wesebis ugulebelyofa, rasac emateba is faqtic, rom gzebi

cudad aris ganaTebuli, marTvas saxifaTos xdis dedaqalaqis gareT sagzao

magistralebze. sxvadasxva saxis marTvis riskebi, rogoricaa Ria Webi da

gzebze sxvadasxva saxis narCenebi baqosaTvis maxasiaTebeli tendenciaa.

azerbaijanSi bevri mZRoli pativs ar scems sagzao moZraobis wesebs,

signalebs, Cixis niSnebs, fexiT mosiaruleebs, ris gamoc ubedur

SemTxvevaTa maCvenebeli maRalia. dedaqalaqis gareT, qveynis moSoreul

adgilebSi ki sawvavis maragi yovelTvis problemas warmoadgens.

baqos metros sistema iafia da gadaadgilebis kargi saSualebaa,

amasTanave igegmeba sami axali metrosadguris gaxsna 2015 wlisaTvis.

usafrTxoebis kamerebi uzrunveloyofen metros mTeli platformis

usafrTxoebasa da gamWvirvalobas. azerbaijanSi taqsebis umravlesobas ara

aqvs mricxveli, Tumca aris e.w “iasamnisferi” londonuri stilis taqsebi

da oficialuri uwyebebi Tanamoqalaqeebs maT gamoyenebas urCeven (internet

wyaro N 109).

azerbaijanSi jandacvis sistema araadeqvaturia, samedicino

dawesebulebebi da servisi dedaqalaqis gareT iSviaTobas warmoadgens.

dasavluri standartebis mqone klinika, romelic baqoSi funqcionirebs 24

127

saaTian samedicino momsaxurebas uzrunvelyofs da efeqturia gadaudebeli

samedicino mkurnalobis, an mcire samedicino problemis arsebobis

SemTxvevaSi. operaciis, anda sicocxlisaTvis naklebad saswrafo

janmrTelobis problemis dros, sagareo uwyebebi moqalaqeebs ar urCeven

azerbaijanSi mkurnalobas. maTi gancxadebiT, avtoavariis dros, xSiria

SemTxvevebi, rodesac dazaralebuli Tu avadmyofi TurqeTsa da iranSi

gadahyavT samkurnalod, aseve umjobesia arCevani kerZo saavadmyofoze

SeaCeron, romlebic pacientis mkurnalobamde avansaa da finansur

garantiebs iTxoven.

ucxoeTis qveynebis sagareo uwyebebi aRniSnaven, rom azerbaijanis

mosaxleobis umravlesoba musulmani Siitia. miuxedavad imisa, rom

religiuri prozelitizmi akrZalulia qveyanaSi, azerbaijans aqvs

tolerantuli politika sxva religiebis mimarT, Tumca qveynis CrdiloeT

nawilSi mcxovreblebi baqoelebisagan gansxvavebiT naklebad

tolerantulebi arian, ris gamoc azerbaijanSi mogzaurobis msurvel

moqalaqeebs urCeven, rom Tavi Seikavon sakuTari religiuri ritualebis

Sesrulebisagan, radgan arsebobs informacia religiuri da rasobrivi

motiviT Cadenil danaSaulebaTa Sesaxeb. sagareo uwyebebi azerbaijanSi

yofnisas moqalaqeebs urCeven, rom moargon TavianTi qceva da Cacmuloba

qveynis praqtikas. azerbaijanSi homoseqsualizmi dekriminilizebulia 2001

wlidan, Tumca cudad aRiqmeba sazogadoebis umravlesobis mier.

Cvens mier Seswavlili ucxoeTis qveynebis oficialuri uwyebebis veb-

gverdebze, saqarTvelo samxreT kavkasiis mezobeli saxelmwifoebisagan

gansxvavebiT, romelTa mimarTebaSi aRniSnuli termini (demokratiuli)

saerTod ar aris naxsenebi, warmodgenilia ganviTarebadi demokratiisa da

ekonomikis mqone saxelmwifod, sadac xelisuflebis demokratiulad

gadacema 2012 wlis saparlamento arCevnebis Semdeg moxda (internet wyaro

N 109). sagareo uwyebebi aRiareben, rom azerbaijanis msgavsad saqarTvelos

teritoriebic okupirebulia. saqarTvelos regionebi okupirebulia rusuli

128

samxedroebis mier, xolo azerbaijanis teritoria ki somxeTisa da

separatisuli Zalebis mier. saqarTvelos okupirebul regionebSi: e.w

samxreT oseTsa da afxazeTSi akrZalulia Semosvla ruseTis teritoriidan,

xolo azerbaijanis okupirebul mTian yarabaRsa da aseve mis danarCen Svid

regionSi ki somxeTis teritoriidan, romelTanac azerbaijans da aseve

TurqeTs 1994 wlis Semdeg sazRvrebi aqvT Caketili. radgan orive

saxelmwifo, azerbaijani da saqarTveloc aRniSnul SemTxvevas qveynis

sazRvrebis ukanono kveTad miiCnevs, kanonis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi

damnaSave sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi miecema.

avstraliis sagareo saqmeTa da vaWrobis departamentis veb-gverdze

somxeTi, azerbaijani da saqarTvelo warmodgenilni arian qveynebad, sadac

turistebisaTvis mxolod normaluri usafrTxoebis dacvaa saWiro (internet

wyaro N35). sagareo uwyebebis gancxadebiT, wina wlebTan SedarebiT

saqarTveloSi usafrTxoebis done mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesda, Tumca iseTi

saxis danaSauli, rogoricaa sxvadasxva saxis wvrilmani qurdoba qveyanaSi

mainc xdeba. saqarTvelo mezobel somxeTTan da azerbaijanTan SedarebiT

usafrTxo qveyanas warmoadgens. somxeTSi kvlavac adgili aqvs kriminaluri

dajgufebebis mier organizebul danaSaulebaTa SemTxvevebs, miuxedavad

imisa, rom damnaSaveTa samiznes SesaZloa turistebi ar warmoadgenden.

azerbaijanSi ki myof ucxoeTis moqalaqeebs sifrTxile mainc marTebT,

radgan bolo periodSi SeimCneva mniSvnelovani agresis tendencia amerikisa

da dasavleTis qveynebis moqalaqeebis mimarT, amis magaliTi iyo Tundac

baqoSi 2012 wels momxdari SemTxveva, romelic mizanmimarTulad

ucxoelebis winaRmdeg iyo dagegmili. saprotesto aqciebi xSirad imarTeba

samxreT kavkasiis qveynebSi, ris gamoc TiTqmis yvela sagareo uwyeba

afrTxilebs moqalaqeebs, rom Tavi aaridon msgavsi saxis Sekrebebs, rac

rogorc wesi, xSirad xelisuflebis mier Zalis gamoyenebiTa da ZaladobiT

mTavrdeba, Tumca aqve aRniSnaven, rom bolo wlebSi, manifestantebis mimarT

Zalis gamoyenebis SemTxvevebs saqarTveloSi adgili aRar hqonia.

129

saqarTvelom mezobeli somxeTisa da azerbaijanisagan gansxvavebiT

2014 wels antidiskriminaciuli kanoni miiRo, romelic umciresobebis

uflebebs icavs. miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTveloSi mezobeli qveynebis

msgavsad hormoseqsualizmi legaluria, igi kvlavac miuRebeli rCeba

mosaxleobis umravlesobisaTvis.

ucxoeTis oficialuri uwyebebis veb-gverdebze samxreT kavkasiis am

ori qveynis SemTxvevaSi gakvriTac ki araferia aRniSnuli turizmis, an misi

romelime aspeqtis Sesaxeb, saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi ki saubaria mTisa da

eqstremaluri turizmis Sesaxeb, Tumca arcTu pozitiur WrilSi. maTi

gancxadebiT, Tu isini saqarTveloSi yofnisas apireben, rom alpinizmiT

dakavdnen, afrTxileben, rom saswrafo da gadaudebeli daxmarebis dafarvis

done SezRudulia qveyanaSi. aseve rTulia zusti informaciis miReba

saqarTveloSi mTebSi arsebuli mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. swored amitom,

oficialuri uwyebebi moqalaqeebs urCeven, rom mTebSi gamgzavrebamde

aucileblad daekontaqton Sesabamiss qarTul kompanebis da maT specialur

gidebs. aqve dasZenen, rom saqarTveloSi turizmis sferoSi ar aris daculi

usafrTxoebis standartebi da kompanebs, romlebic uzrunvelyofen

eqstremalur sportul saxeobebs, SesaZloa daculi ar hqondeT

usafrTxoebis normebi, amis magaliTia Tundac 2012 wels TbilisSi

momxdari incidenti, rodesac bagirze xtomis SemTxvevis dros ori

axalgzarda gardaicvala (internet wyaro N 72).

sagzao infrastruqturis mdgomareoba Zalzed mZimea samxreT kavkasiis

samive qveynis SemTxvevaSi. mouwesrigebeli, Zveli gzebi, sagzao niSnebis

nakleboba, rasac Tan erTvis Tavad mZRolebis araprognozirebadi marTva

da sagzao wesebis ignorireba, rac kidev ufro metad zrdis avto sagzao

SemTxvevaTa maCvenebels. aseTive arasaxarbielo pirobebia sajaro

transportSi, romelic sagareo uwyebebis SefasebiT, moZvelebulia da

dReniadag gadaWedilia, gansakuTrebiT ki somxeTSi, sadac Zalian xSiria

samarSuto taqsebis avariebis SemTxvevebi. Tumca azerbaijanisa da

130

saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi, zogierTi uwyebis veb-gverdze ukve daido

informacia sagzao infrastruqturis sferoSi dawyebuli samuSaoebis

Sesaxeb.

aseTive mZime da arasaxarbielo imiji aqvs samive qveyanas jandacvis

kuTxiT, sadac samedicino dawesebulebebi da servisi dedaqalaqis da

zogadad didi qalaqebis gareT SezRudulia, rasac emateba maTi

momsaxurebisa da standartebis dabali done. swored amitomac, sruliad

bunebrivia, rom oficialuri uwyebebi janmrTelobis seriozuli problemis

mqone pacientebs samxreT kavkasiis qveynebSi Camosvlas ar urCeven da aqve

afrTxileben, rom samedicino Carevis aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi arCevani

samSobloSi repatriaciaze gaakeTon, rasac aucileblad unda

iTvaliswinebdes maTi dazRveva.

cxrili 17.

usafrTxoeba

saqarTvelo somxeTi azerbaijani

didi britaneTi 1.danaSauliganxorcielebuliucxoelebis mimarTucxo ar aris saq-Si. 2.ar iqonioT Tan didiodenobiT Tanxa daZvirfasi samkaulebi.yuradReba gamoiCineTiseT adgilebSi,romlebsac ucxoelebixSirad stumroben,rogoricaa: vake,saburTalo,axvledianze barebisquCa (e.w perovskaia).

3.Tu Tqven alpinizmiTapirebT dakavdeT,gaiTvaliswineT, romsaqarTveloSisaswrafo, samaSvelodaxmarebis doneSezRudulia

4.aseve rTulia zusti

1. danaSaulisustia somxeTSi,magram xSiriaqurdobisSemTxvevebi, maTSoris jibisa daavtomobilisqurdoba. msgavsisaxis danaSaulibritaneTismoqalaqeebzecaraerTxelganxorcielebula.arsebobskriminaluridajgufebebis mierorganizebuldanaSaulebaTaSemTxvevebi,miuxedavad imisa,rom miznobrivimsxverplituristi daucxoeli aryofila. vinaidan

1.zogadaddanaSaulisustia baqoSi,magram agresiadrodadro maincxdebadaRamebisasqalaqis centrSibarebis daklubebisirgvliv, asevekerZosacxovreblebTan.amitom sagareouwyebasifxizliskenmouwodebsmoqalaqeebs

2.korufciaazerbaijanisyoveldRiurmovlenaswarmoadgens

131

informaciis miRebamTebis pirobebisSesaxeb. Tu TqvenapirebT alpinizmiTdakavdeT, undadaekontaqtoT qarTulSesabamis kompanebisda maT specialurgidebs

5.kompanebs, romlebicuzrunvelyofeneqstremalursportul saxeobebs,SeaZloa hqondeTarasakmarisiusafrTxoebis normebi.bagirze xtomisSemTxvevis dros 2012wels TbilisSi oriaxalgazrdagardaicvala

6.2008 welssamoqalaqo aviaciissaerTaSorisoorganizaciam,Catarebuli saaviaciousafrTxoebis auditisSedegad daadgina, romsaqarTveloSisaaviaciousafrTxoebis donesaSualoze dabalia

mainc arsebobsriskebi, sworedamitom sagareouwyeba mouwodebsmoqalaqeebs, romfxizlad iyvnensomxeTSi mTelivizitisganmavlobaSi

2. 2007 welssamoqalaqoaviaciissaerTaSorisoorganizaciam,CatarebulisaaviaciousafrTxoebisauditis Sedegaddaadgina, romsomxeTSisaaviaciousafrTxoebisdone saSualozemaRalia

3.Tavi aarideTqrTamisgadaxdas.

4.2008 welssamoqalaqoaviaciissaerTaSorisoorganizaciam,CatarebulisaaviaciousafrTxoebisauditis Sedegaddaadgina, romazerbaijanSisaaviaciousafrTxoebisdone saSualozedabalia

aSS 1.saqarTvelokonsituticurirespublikaaganviTarebadidemokratiiTa daekonomikiT. 2012 wlissaparlamentoarCevnebis Sedegadganxorcieldaxelisuflebispirvelidemokratiuligadacema. 250 000iZulebiTgadaadgilebuli piriaafxazeTidan dasamxreT oseTidan.turistuli obieqtebiTbilisisa da baTumisgareT ar arismaRalganviTarebuli.bevri servisis miRebaqveynis sxva mxareebSiSesaZlebeli ar aris.

2.politikuri

1.somxeTikonstituciurirespublikaaganviTarebadiekonomikiT.turistuliobieqtebi,dedaqalaqis gareTar arisganviTarebuli.

2.somxeTissazRvrebiTurqeTTan daazerbaijanTankvlav daketilia.miuxedavadganaRmviTioperaciebisdasrulebisa,calkeuli naRmebikvalavac rCebakonfliqturzonaSi.

4.danaSauli

1.azerbaijanikonstituciurirespublikaaganviTarebdiekonomikiT.dasavluristiliskeTilmowyobagvxdeba baqoSi,magraminfrastruqturada misawvdomobaservisebTanqalaqgareTgaumjobesebis dadasavluristandartebisSesabamisobaSimoyvanisprocesSia

2.globaluri daregionulisaafrTxeebisgaTvaliswinebiTaSS-sa da

132

demonstraciebidrodadro imarTebasaq-Si, Tumca bolowlebSi dapirispirebasmomitingeebsa daxelisuflebas Sorisadgili ar hqonia

3.rodesac saq-SimogzaurobT,gamoiyeneT iseTivesifrTxilis zomebi,rogorsac nebismierdid qalaqSi yofnisasgamoiyenebdiT.4.wvrilmani quCisdanaSauli, rogoricaqurdoba, jibisqurdobagavrcelebulia mTeliqveynis maStabiT.

3. aSS-s moqalaqeebiSesaZloa ekonomikurida finansuri motiviTganxorcielebulidanaSaulis samizneaRmoCnden.

ucxoelebiswinaaRmdegiSviaTiasomxeTSi.Qqurdoba,manqanis ZarcvayvelazegavrcelebulidanaSaulia,ZaladobriviSemTxvevebidabali rCeba,vidre aSS-s umtesqalaqebSi.ramdenimeamerikelinvestors hqondaqonebrivi davasomxeTSi,xangrZlivi daxSir SemTxvevaSiwarumatebeliaRmoCndasasamarTloprocesi

dasavluriinteresebiswinaaRmdeg.sagareo uwyebaurCevs, romfxizlad iyvnen,gansakuTrebiTsazogadoebrivTavSeyrisadgilebSi. 2012w. azerbaijaniserovnuliusafrTxoebissaministromCaSalateroristuliTavdasxma,romelicmimarTuli iyobaqoSiucxoelebiswinaaRmdeg

3.yvelaze xSiridanaSauli arisZarcva daTavdaxxma.ucxoeTismoqalaqeebi didisafrTxis qveSimyofebianxalxmraval daizolirebuladgilebSi

4.sakreditobaraTebisgayalbeba xSiriSemTxvevaaazerbaijanSi

Sveicaria 1.saq-Si kriminalimniSvnelovnadSemcirebulia bolowlebSi.dafiqsirebuliaqurdoba, manqanisZarcva, romelsaczogjer Zaladobaaxlavs.

1.rTulipolitikuriviTareba daekonomikurisirTuleebigavlenas axdensmosaxleobis didnawilze, ramacSesaZloaareulobagamoiwvios.

2.dedaqalaqierevani SedarebiTusafrTxodSeiZlebaCaiTvalos.dafiqsirebuliaqurdobisa daagresiis

1.baqo SesaZloamiCneuli iqnas,rogorcSedarebiTusafrTxoqalaqad Tumca,danaSaulizogadad izrdeba(qurdoba,Tavdasxmebi)

2.azerbaijanismTelteritoriazekontrolspolicia dasamxedroebianxorcieleben

133

SemTxvevebi,gansakuTrebiT kisomxeTi-saqarTvelosdamakavSirebulmatarebelSi

safrangeTi 1.qveynis danarCennawilSi, iseverogorc dedaqalaqTbilisSi ar dgasusafrTxoebisseriozuli problema,Tumca wvrilmaniqurdoba (Zarcva,dayaCaReba) maincgvxdeba

1.danaSauliSemcirebuliasomxeTSi da iginaklebad exebaCveulebrivturizms

1.danaSaulizomieriaazerbaijanSi,gansakuTrebiTdedaqalaqiscentrSi, TumcaarsebobsdanaSaulifizikuri ZalisgamoyenebiT(qurdoba,avtomobilisZarcva arisagresiisSemTxvevebic),amitomrekomendirebuliar aris RamiTmarto seirnoba.

kanada 1.aranairigafrTxileba ar arissaWiro mTelisaqarTvelos maStabiT.miiRon mxolodnormaluriusafrTxoebis zomebi

2.dafiqsirebuliawvrilmani qurodoba,rogoricaa jibisqurdoba daxelCanTvis qurdoba.danaSaulebriviSemTxvevebi ZiriTadadcudad ganaTebuladgilebSi xdeba

3.nu SeecdebiTsakuTari simdidrisafiSirebas

4.Zaladoba, agresia,dayaCaReba seqsualuriZaladoba da sxvaseriozuli saxisdanaSaulebaniucxoelebis mimarT aryofiladafiqsirebuli

5. adgili aqvs

1. aranairigafrTxileba araris saWiromTeli somxeTismaStabiT, Tumcaunda aiyvnenZalian frTxilad,manifestaciebisada saparotestoaqciebis gamo

2.xdeba qurdoba,romelsac agresiaaxlavs Tan,rogoricaa:waglejva,avtomobilisa dasaxlis qurdoba.uari TqviTsakuTarisimdidrisafiSirebaze

3.adgili aqvsdemonstraciebs,romelic SesaZloaZaladobaSigadaizardos

1.gamoiCineT didisifrTxile imdanaSaulebrivSemTxvevaTa gamo,romelic xdebaazerbaijanSi,rogoricaawaglejva daagresiaucxoelebismimarT

2.Tavdasxmebixdeba baqoSi,Ramis klubebTanda aseve cudadganaTebuladgilebSi. TaviaarideTdaRamebisasmarto seirnobasda sakuTarisimdidrisdemonstrirebas

3.zogjerimarTebamanifestaciebi,romlebicSesaZloaSetakebaSi

134

demonstraciebs,romelic SesaZloaZaladobaSigadaizardos

gadaizardos

avstralia 1.girCevT gamoiyenoTnormaluriusafrTxoebis zomebi.

2.politikuridemonstraciebiimarTeba saq-Si,gansakuTrebiTTbilisSi. TaviaarideT aqciebs,radgan SesaZloa igiZaladobaSigadaizardos.

3. seriozuldanaSaulebaTaSemTxvevebiSemcirebuliasaqarTveloSi, kerZodki TbilisSi. TumcawarsulSi adgilihqonda ZaladobrivdanaSaulebaTaincidentebsucxoelebis mimarT,maT Soris Zarcvas,gatacebasa daseqsualur Zaladobas

1.girCevTgamoiyenoTnormaluriusafrTxoebiszomebi.

2.wvrilmaniqurdoba,rogoricaa jibisada avtomobilisqurdoba xSiriasomxeTSi. aryofiladafiqsirebuliZaladobis, wamebisda fulisgamoZalvisSemTxvevebi

1.girCevTgamoiyenoTnormaluriusafrTxoebiszomebi.

2.ZaladobrividanaSaulisSemTxvevebiazerbaijanSidabalia. TumcaiseTi seriozulidanaSaulebani,rogoricaaucxoelebisZarcva, yaCaRobada Tavdasxma aryofiladafiqsirebuli.

3.wvrilmanidanaSauli,rogoricaaZarcva, jibisqurdoba xdebabazrobebze,sazogadoebrivtransportSi, maTSoris baqosmiwisqveSagadasasvlelebSi.

usafrToxeba konfliqtur regionSi


didi britaneTi 1.didi britaneTis

xelisufleba ar aRiarebs

afxazeTisa da samxreT

oseTis defaqto

xelisuflebaTa calxmriv

damoukideblobas da

yovelgvar mogzaurobas

ukrZalavs Tanamoqalaqeebs

aRniSnul regionebSi

2.Tu Tqven stumrobT daviT

garejis samonastro

kompleqss, yuradRebiT

iyaviT, rom ar gadakveToT

1.sazRvari somxeTsa

da azerbaijans

Soris daketilia.

2.1994 wlis

cecxlis Sewyvetis

SeTanxmebis

miuxedavad, xSiria

darRvevebi

saRvarze.

3.didi britaneTis

xelisufleba ar

urCevs

1.didi britaneTis

sagareo da

Tanamegobrobis

ofisi yvelas

urCevs, rom ar

gaemgzavron mTian

yarabaRsa da mis

garSemo samxedro

okupirebul

teritoriaze.

dafiqsirebulia

Zaladobis

SemTxvevebi

135

saqarTvelo azerbaijanis

sazRvari, romelic

aRuniSnavia.

2.iyaviT yuradRebiT,

rodesac mogzaurobT 27-e

gzis gaswvriv, radgan igi

Zalian axlosaa samxreT

oseTTan. arsebobs

kriminalis riski

axalgoris regionSi.

3. saqarTvelos kanoni

adgens, rom ukanonoa

saqarTveloSi Semosvla

ruseTidan afxazeTisa da

samxreT oseTis gavliT,

radgan ar xdeba sazRvris

kanonieri kontroli. Tu

YTqven am gziT SemoxvalT

saqarTveloSi, aRniSnuli

danaSauli iTvleba

kriminalad da

iTvaliswinebs 4 wlamde

patimrobas. Tu Tqven

pasportSi aRmoCndeba

separatistuli

xelisuflebis beWedi,

saqarTvelos xelisufleba

mas miiCnevs araRiarebul

sazRvarze ukanono

Sesvlad.

mogzaurobas

tavuSisa da

gegarkunikis

regionebSi,

romelic

azerbaijans

esazRvreba.

4.didi britaneTis

xelisufleba ver

uzrunvelyofs

vizitorebis

sakonsulo

daxmarebasa da maT

rCevebs mTian

yarabaRSi

azerbaijanisa da

somxeTs Soris

sasazRvro zolze,

romelmac

ramdenime adaminis

sicocxle Seiwia.

2.is adamianebi,

romlebic ewvevian

mTian yarabaRs

azerbaijanis

xelisuflebis

nebarTvis gareSe,

azerbaijani maT

uars eubneba

sakuTar

teritoriaze

Sesvlaze

3.weliwadSi

daaxloebiT 7000

britaneli

stumrobs

azerbaijans, Tumca

maTma vizitis

umravlesobam

mSvidobianad

Caiara

aSS 1.aSS-s xelisufleba

urCevs moqalaqeebs, rom

Tavi aaridon mogzaurobas

ruseTis mier okupirebul

afxazeTisa da samxreT

oseTis regionSi. 1990 wlis

samoqalaqo omis Semdeg

aRniSnuli regionebi aRar

arian saqarTvelos

xelisuflebis kontrolis

qveS. daZabuloba mwvave

rCeba defaqto afxazeTs,

samxreT oseTsa da saq-os

xelisuflebas Soris. rusi

samxedroebi da

mesazRvreebi kvlav

agrZeleben orive regionis

okupacias. ukanaskneli

wlebis ganmavlobaSi

adgili hqonda Tavdasxmis,

1.separatistebi

somxeTis

mxadaWeriT kvlavac

akontroleben

mTian yarabaRs da

7 sxva

azerbaijanul

regions. iyaviT

metad frTxilad

azerbaijanisa da

somxeTis

sasazRvro zolTan,

aseve mTiani

yarabaRis garSemo,

radgan xSiria

srolis,

adamianebis daWrisa

da gardacvalebis

SemTxvevebi

1.Tavi aarideT

mTian yarabaRsa da

mis mimdebare

okupirebul

teritoriebze

mogzaurobas, aseve

azerbaijanis da

somxeTis

mosazRvre

poziciebs

2.azerbaijanSi

myof amerikis

moqalaqeebs,

romlebTac

somxuri

warmomavloba aqvT

gansakuTrebuli

sifrTxile

marTebT, radgan

136

adamianTa gatacebisa da

sxva kriminalur

SemTxvevebs.

2. saq-os kanoni adgens,

rom aSS-s moqalaqeebs am

regionebSi SeuZliaT

Sesvla mxolod saq-os

mxridan da ara ruseTidan.

saq-os kanoni

“okupirebuli

teritoriebis Sesaxeb”

ukanonod acxadebs Semdeg

saqmianobas:

nebismieri ekonomikuri

saqmianoba, romelic

saWiroebs licenziis an

nebarTvis mopovebas, anu

aseTi saqmianoba saq-os

kanonmdeblobis

Sesabamisad saWiroebs

SeTanxmebas, aseTis

ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi.

samxedro da ormagi

daniSnulebis produqciis

Setana an gamotana

saerTaS. sahaero da

sazRvao mimosvla

sarkinigzo mimosvla da

saerTaS. satransporto

gadazidva

saxelmwifo resursebiT

sargebloba

2.sazRvrebi

TurqeTTan da

azerbaijanTan

Caketilia da maT

jari patrulirebs.

3.somxeTis gavliT

mogzauroba mTian

yarabaRsa da mis

mimdebare

teritoriaze

azerbaijanis

mTavrobis

Tanxmobis gareSe,

Semdgom

azerbaijanis

teritoriaze

Sesvlisas

problemebs

SegiqmniT

azerbaijanis

mTavrobam

ganacxada, rom ver

iqneba maTi

usafrTxoebis

garanti

3.aSS-s

moqalaqeebma

sifrTxile unda

gamoiCinon aseve

sofel nardaranSi

yofnisas, romelic

baqodan 30 km-Si

mdebareobs

abSeronis

naxevarkunZulze,

sadac 2009 w

amerikisa da

israelis

sawinaaRmdego

aqciebi gaimarTa

Sveicaria 1.afxazeTis provinciis

statusi saqarTvelos

SemadgenlobaSi sadavoa. es

teritoria ar

eqvemdebareba saq-os

xelisuflebas. 2011 wels

gamnaRvelTa saerTaSoriso

organizacam ganacxada,

rom afxazeTSi ar

arsebobs naRmebis

afeTqebis riski.

2.galis raionSi aris

srolis, gatacebis riski

da sxva danaSaulis.

miuxedavad imisa, rom

mdgomareoba stabiluria,

1.mTiani yarabaRi

da azerbaijanis

sasazRvro nawili

kontroldeba

somxeTis mier.

2.konfliqturi

zonebi danaRmulia.

incidentebi,

romelsac Tan

axlavs adamianebis

daWra da

gardacvaleba

regulraulad

xdeba

azerbaijanTan

sasazRvro

1.qveynis

politikuri

mdgomareoba

SedarebiT mSvidia.

1994 wels

cecxlis Sewyvetis

xelSekrulebis

miuxedavad,

saerTaSoriso

Tanamegobrobis

Zalisxmeva

konfliqtis

mSvidobiani

mogvarebisaTvis

kvlavac grZeldeba

2. incidentebi

137

SesaZloa am konfliqtma

kvlavac ifeTqos.

3.afxazeTidan ruseT-

saqarTvelos sazRvris

gadakveTa ukanonod

iTvleba da iTvaliswinebs

dapatimrebas an msxvil

fulad jarimas.

4.samx.oseTis provinciis

statusi saqarTvelos

SemadgenlobaSi sadavoa. es

teritoria ar

eqvemdebareba saq-os

usafrTxoebis damcvelTa

Zalebs.

5.miuxedavad imisa, rom

mdgomareoba

dawynarebulia, SesaZloa

konfliqtma nebismier

dros kvlavac ifeTqos.

6.samx.oseTidan ruseT-

saqarTvelos sazRvris

gadakveTa ukanonod

miiCneva da iTvaliswinebs

dapatimrebas an Sesabamiss

jarimas

7.akrZalulia ruseTis

sazRvarTan gadaadgileba,

romelic CeCneTs esaRvreba.

regionSi da

cecxlis Sewyvetis

xazis gaswvriv.

3.azerbaijanis

sazRvari

daketilia.

rekomendirebuli

ar aris

mogzauroba mTian

yarabaRSi an

azerbaijanis

sasazRro

regionebSi,

romelic somxeTis

mier kontroldeba

4.somxeTisaTvis

TurqeTTan

sazRvari

daketilia, xolo

sasazRvro zoli ki

danaRmulia.

drodadro xdeba

somxeTTan

sasazRvro

regionSi da

cecxlis Sewyvetis

xazis gaswvriv

3.mTiani yarabaRi

da somxeTTan

sasazRro

regionebi

okupirebulia

somxeTis mier.

4.rekomendirebuli

araa mogzauroba

am regionsa da

somxeTis mier

okupirebul

mosazRvre

regionebSi

4.aseve akrZalulia

ruseTis sasazRvro

regionSi

(daRestanSi)

gamgzavreba

adamianTa

gatacebis realuri

riskis gamo

5.azerbaijansa da

ruseTs Soris

arsebuli sazRvari

daketilia

ucxoelebisaTvis

safrangeTi 1.gadaadgileba

oficialurad akrZalulia

saqarTvelos or

seraparistul regionSi

(afxazeTsa da samx.

oseTSi), romlebic Tavs

arideben cetraluri

xelisuflebis kontrols,

aseve maT sasazRvro

zolTan, de faqto

samarTaldamcavebis

kontrolis gamo.

2. yvela is piri, romelic

am regionebSi ruseTis

federaciis teritoriidan

Seva, saqarTvelos

kanonmdeblobis

1.Tavi aarideT

azerbaijanis

sazRvars.

regularulad

xdeba incidentebi

Crdilo

aRmosavleT

nawilSi (tavuSis

regionSi)

2. naRmebi

seriozul

safrTxes

warmoadgenen

(siunikis regionSi).

3.mkacrad aris

rekomendirebuli

mxolod Tbilisi-

1.konfliqti

somxeTsa da

azerbaijans Soris

mTiani yarabaRis

gamo jer kidev ar

aris mogvarebuli.

Tavi aarideT

somxeTTan

sasazRvro zols

(okupirebuli

teritoria) da

aseve cecxlis

Sewyvetis

sasazRvro zols,

SeiaraRebuli

Tavdasxmebis gamo,

romelic

regularul

138

Sesabamisad sisxlis

samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi

iqneba micemuli

3.akrZalulia pankisis

xeobaSi gamgzavreba

radikali islamistebis

arsebobis gamo

erevanis gziT da

Tavi aarideT

idjevanis gzis

gavliT marSuts

4.TurqeT-somxeTis

sazRvari Caketilia

mTiani yarabaRis

konfliqtis gamo,

1994 wels cecxlis

Sewyvetis

miuxedavad.

5.myari

argumentebisa da

safuZvelis gamo

mTiani yarabaRi

azerbaijanis

okupirebul

teritorias

miekuTvneba da

separatistuli

statusis gamo ar

gvxdeba aRniSnul

regionSi arc

erTi saxelmwifos

warmomadgenloba

6.azerbaijanSi

Sesvla

oficialurad

akrZalulia im

pirebisaTvis, visac

pasportSi defaqto

mTiani yarabaRis,

an azerbaijanis 7

okupirebuli

regionis “viza”

aRmoaCndebaT, es

adamianebi

dauyovnebliv

dapatimrebis

riskis qveS

aRmoCndebian

azerbaijanis

teritoriaze

ukanonod Sesvlis

gamo

xasiaTs atarebs.

2.am TemasTan

dakavSirebiT

azerbaijani

gansakuTrebiT

mgrZnobiarea da

Tavi SeikaveT

sakuTari

Sexedulebebis

dafiqsirebisagan

mTiani yarabaRisa

da somxeTTan

konfliqtis

TemasTan

dakavSirebiT.

3.aseve akrZalulia

gadaadgileba

(daRestanis)

ruseTis

respublikis

sazRvarTan

arastabiluri

viTarebis gamo

4 aseve

akrZalulia

mogzauroba

azerbaijanisa da

iranis sasazRvro

zolTan,

sasignalo xazisa

da arsebuli

trefikingis gamo

kanada 1.2008 wlis agvistoSi

adgili hqonda Setakebebs

afxazeTsa da sam.oseTSi,

aseve qveynis sxva

regionebSi, rogoricaa

foTi, da gori, aseve

1.ukrZalavs yvela

ara aucilebel

mgzavrobas mTian

yarabaRsa da

mimdebare

regionebSi,

1.sazRvari

somxeTTan

daxurulia

gadauWreli mTiani

yarabaRis

konfliqtis gamo.

139

Tbilisis Crd. dasavleTi

nawilSi. ruseTsa da saq-

os Soris xeli moewera

cecxlis Sewyvetis

xelSekrulebas da

daZabuli mdgomareoba

SedarebiT Cawynarebulia

qveynis regionebis umetes

nawilSi, magram

winaaRmdegobebi kvlav

rCeba or separatistul

regionSi

2.teroristul SemTxvevebs

adgili hqonda arc Tu

didi xnis win afxazeTsa

da samxreT oseTSi

3. sagareo uwyeba

mouwodebs moqalaqeebs,

rom ar Sevidnen da ar

datovon qveyana ruseTis

sasazRvro regionebis

gavliT

politikuri

daZabulobisa da

srolebis gamo

romelic

drodadro ismis

sazRvrebTan

2.akrZalulia

gadaadgileba

azerbaijanis

sazRvarTan, masSi

moiazreba

naxiCevani,

azerbaijanis

avtonomiuri

respublika.

3.1994 wels xeli

moewera mxareebs

Soris cecxlis

Sewyvetis

SeTanxmebas,

miuxedavad amisa,

buferul zonaSi

SigadaSig adgili

aqvs SeiaraRebul

Setakebebs. mTiani

yarabaRis

konfliqturi

zonis sazRvrebi

kvlav danaRmulia

4.gansakuTrebuli

sifrTxilea saWiro

sasazRvro

regionebSi.

TurqeTTan

sazRvari

daketilia,

stambolsa da

erevans Soris

mxolod

TviTmfrinaviT

aris gadaadgileba

SesaZlebeli

miuxedavad imisa,

rom cecxlis

Sewyvetis

xelSekruleba 1994

wels gaformda,

SeiaraRebuli

Setakebebi kvlavac

grZeldeba rogorc

somxeTis sazRvris

gaswvriv, aseve

cecxlis Sewyvetis

xazTan

2.arsebobs uamravi

naRmi konfliqtur

zonaSi

avstralia 1.girCevT ar gaemgzavroT

samxreT oseTis da

afxazeTis (maT mimdebare)

teritoriebze. 2008 wlis

konfliqtis Semdeg,

marTalia samxedro

operaciebi Sewyda, magram

daZabuloba kvlav rCeba

regionSi da SesaZlebelia

1.girCevT ar

imogzauroT

somxeT-

azerbaijanis

sasazRro zonaSi.

miuxedavad imisa,

rom 1994 wels

xeli moewera

cecxlis Sewyvetis

1. girCevT ar

gaemgzavroT

somxeT-

azerbaijanis

sasazRvro zolsa

da aseve cecxlis

Sewyvetis xazis

mimarTulebiT.

arsebobs

140

nebismier dros ifeTqos.

2.saq-os kanonmdeblobiT,

afxazeTsa da samxreT

oseTSi Semosvla ruseTis

teritoriidan ukanonoa.

3,girCevT ar gaemgzavroT

pankisis xeobaSi. regioni

bolo wlebis

ganmavlobaSi samxedro

Setakebebis areals

warmoadgenda qarTvel

Zalebsa da im CeCen

kriminalur elementebs

Soris, romlebic

saerTaSoriso terorizmSi

arian braldebulni

SeTanxmebas,

somxeT-

azerbaijanis

sazRvari

daketilia da

kvlavac grZeldeba

Setakebebi cecxlis

Sewyvetis xazis

gaswvriv somxeTSi,

tavuSisa da

gegarkunkis

regionebSi.

2.2014 wlis ivlissa

da agvistoSi

ganxorcielda

Setakebebi

sazRvris gaswvriv,

daiRupa da daiWra

ramdenime adamiani

3. sagareo uwyeba

aseve mkacrad

afrTxilebs

moqalaqeebs, rom

ar gaemgzavron

somxeTis mier

okupirebul mTian

yarabaRSi,

okupirebul

regionSi arsebuli

arastabiluri

usafrTxoebis

mdgomareobis gamo

informaciebi

regularuli

Setakebebis

Sesaxeb, maT Soris

azerbaijanis

naxWevanis

provinciaSi,

romlis drosac

ramdenime adamiani

gardaicvala

2.sagareo uwyeba

mkacrad

afrTxilebs

moqalaqeebs, rom

ar gaemgzavron

mTiani yarabaRis

mimdebare

teritoriasa da

mis dasavleT

nawilSi, radgan

arsebobs

TavdasxmaTa riski.

3.konfliqti

somxeTTan kvlav

gadauWrelia.

meamboxe armis

nawilebi

agrZeleben

azerbaijanis

teritoriis

okupacias.

miuxedavad imisa,

rom 1994 wels

xeli moewera

cecxlis Sewyvetis

xelSekrulebas,

periodulad

Setakebebi kvlavac

grZeldeba

satransporto infrastruqtura


didi britaneTi 1.saqarTveloSimravali gza cudadganaTebuli dauxarisxoa. upatronoSinauri pirutyviqmnis safrTxes bevradgilebSi. sagzaowesebi stresulia,

1.avtomobilismarTvisadgilobrivistandarti cudia,xSirad mZRolebiugulebelyofensagzao moZraobiswesebs.

1.mravali gza cudmdgomareobaSia,xoloavtomobilismarTva kicvalebadi dadamabnevelia.

141

avtomobilebisumravlesoba ki cudmgomareobaSia

2.saavtomobilogzebismdgomareobacudia,gansakuTrebiTyvelaze civiTveebis periodSi(noembridanTebervlamde)

3.2007 welssamoqalaqoaviaciissaerTaSorisoorganizaciisauditma daadgina,rom somxeTissaaviaciousafrTxoebisdone saSualozemaRalia

2.2008 welsmsofliosamoqalaqoaviaciissaerTaSorisoorganizaciamdaadgina, romazerbaijanissamoqalaqoaviaciisusafrTxoebasayovelTaodaRiarebulstandartebzedablaa

aSS 1. saq-Si kerZoavtomobilebiT,taqsebiTa dasazogadoebrivitransportiTmogzauroba zogadadusafrTxoa, TumcagadaWedilitransporti zrdismgzavrebisdaucvelobasqurdobisgan.

2. saq-Si avtomobilismarTvisasaucilebeliaukiduresi sifrTxile,radgan bevriadgilobrivi mZRolimarTvisas ar icavssagzao wesebs daxdeba maTi sruliignorireba

1.somxeTSimogzaurobasifrTxilesmoiTxovs. sajarotransporti iafia,magram arasandodaarakomfortulia.marSutkebi kigacilebiT saSiSia,vidre sxvasazogadoebrivitransporti

2.mZRolebisomxeTSi xSiradugulebelyofensagzao moZraobiswesebs, rac zrdisavariaTa risks.

1.avtosagzaoSemTxvevebiazerbaijanSimaRalia dayovelwliuradmatulobs.

2.miuxedavad imisa,rom gzebis axalimonakveTis sistemamniSvnelovnadgaumjobesda,Zveli monakveTiuxarisxoa dacudad arisganaTebuli

3.baqosaTvisdamaxasiaTebeliamarTvis riskebi,rogoricaa RiaWebi, samSeneblonarCenebi. bevrimZRoli pativs arscems sagzaomoZraobis wesebs,signalebs, CixisniSnebs, fexiTmosiaruleebs,swored amitomqveyanaSi ubedurSemTxvevaTamaCvenebelimaRalia.

4.baqos metrossistema iafia datransportirebiskargi saSualebaa.

142

sami axalisadguris gaxsnaigegmeba 2015wlisTvis.usafrTxoebiskamerebiuzurnveloyofenmetros mTeliplatformisgamWvirvalobas.

5.azerbaijanSitaqsebisumravlesobas argaaCniaaRmricxveli,Tumca dedaqalaqSiukve moZraobs e.w“iasamnisferi”londonuristilis taqsebi

Sveicaria 1.ZiriTadi gzebisgarda, mravali gzacud mdgomareobaSia,moSorebuli regionebixelmisawvdomiamxolod jipiT.

2.avtomZRolebisaraprognozirebadimarTva (sagzao wesebisignorireba) zrdisavariebis risks.

1.dedaqalaqisgareT gzebi cudmdgomareobaSia,(garda ramdenimeZiriTadimimarTulebisa).2.avtomobilisaraprognozirebadimarTva zrdisavariebis risks.gamoiCineTgansakuTrebulisifrTxile RamiT

1.SoreuladgilebSi sawvavismaragi yovelTvisar arisuzrunvelyofili

2.dedaqalaqisgareT sasurveliajipiTgadaadgileba,radgan gzebi cudmdgomareobaSia.

3.avtomZRolebisaraprognozirebadimarTva zrdisavariebis risks.

safrangeTi 1.saq-osinfrastruqturissaministos cnobiT,saq-Si ZiriTadisagzao qseli 1 528 km.evropul standartebsSeesabameba, xolomeoradi gzebis 91% daadgilobrivi gzebis57% kargmdomareobaSia

2. gzebze gazrdiliaarausafrTxoeba (2013wels 514 sikvdilisSemTxveva 4.5 milionadamianze)

3. avtomobilismZRolebsgansakuTrebuli

1.avtobusebisqselimoZvelebulia.sagzao niSnebicudia.

2.mTavarisaavtomobilogzebi kargia,xolomeorexarisxovanigzebi ki cudmdgomareobaSia

1. azerbaijanSimimosvlisaranairi problemaar dgas.saerTaSorisosazRvarisaqarTvelosTanTavisufalia.miuxedavad imisa,rom qveynisZiriTadi gzebimniSvnelovnadgaumjobesda,meoredi qseliuxarisxo dasaxifaToamogzaurobisTvis.

2.provinciebSixSiria Zroxisa dacxvris farebis

143

sifrTxile marTebTgansakurebiT Rame,miwisqveSagadasasvlelebTan Tan

Sexvedrasaavtomobilogzebze.avtoavariebisricxvi maRliaqveyanaSi,gansakuTrebiT kidedaqalaqSi.

kanada 1.avto sagzaoSemTxvevebi ZiriTadadgardacvalebiT, anfizikuri dazianebiTmTavrdeba, amitomacsagareo uwyebasifrTxiliskenmouwodebs

2.avtomobilis marTviscudi unarebi daarasakmarisi ganaTebasagzao moZraobassaxifaTos xdis

3. gamoiyeneTlogoiani taqsebi dafasTan dakavSirebiTwinaswar SeuTanxmdiT

1.sajarotransportigadaWedilia dacudmdogmareobaSia

2.xSiriamikroavtobusebiTavariaTaSemTxvevebi

3. erevanis gareTzogierTi gza cudmdomareobaSia

4.gadaadgilebaRamiT saSiSia.saavtomobilogzebi cudmdgomareobaSia,xSirad ar arissagzao niSnebi,rasac ematebasomexi mZRolebismier sagzaomoZraobis wesebisugulebelyofa

1.marTvis CvevebiZalian cudiaqveyanaSi, amasemateba is faqtic,rom gzebi cudadaris ganaTebuli,rac marTvassaxifaTos xdisbaqos gareTsagzaomagistralebze.

2. sajarotransporti cudmdgomareobaSia,mudam gadaWediliada arausafrTxoa,gansakuTrebiT kidedaqalaqisgareT.

3. sagareo uwyebaurCevsmoqalaqeebs, romTavi aaridonbaqos metros,gansakuTrebiT kiRamis saaTebSi dagamoiyenonmxolod“iasamnisfer”logoiani taqsebi,romlebicaRWurviliaaRmricxveliTa dausafrTxoebisqamrebiT

avstralia 1.avtomobilis marTvasaqarTveloSiSesaZloa saxifaToaRmoCndes, radgangzebi daavtomobilebi cudmdgomareobaSia,gzebze xSirad araris ganaTeba dasagzao niSnebi.avtomZRolebssifrTxile marTebT,radgan xSiriamZRolebis mier

1.mogzaurobasamxreT kavkasiaSiSesaZloa rTuliiyos da amitomacsaguldagulodagegmvasmoiTxovs

2.avtomobilismarTva somxeTSiSesaZloasaxifaToaRmoCndes cudadSenarCunebuli

1.avtomobilismarTvaazerbaijanSiSesaZloa saSiSiaRmoCndes, radgangzebi daavtomobilebi cudmdgomareobaSia,amasTanave ZaliandabaliaadgilobrivmZRolebSiavtomobilismarTvis unarebi.

144

sagzao wesebisignorireba. G

2.gzebi zamTarSiSesaZloa saxifaToiyos

3.sajaro transporti,rogoricaaavtobusebi,matareblebi, taqsebi,SesaZloa saxifaToaRmoCndes sagzaopirobebis gamo.Agvxdeba qurdobisa daagresiis SemTxvevebirogorc matarebelSi,aseve Tbilisis mTavarsadgurSi.

4.SesaZloa rTuliaRmoCndes zustiinformaciis miRebamTebSi arsebulimdgomareobis Sesaxeb,risTvisac undadaekontaqtoT qarTulkompaniebs da maTgidebs.

gzebis,adgilobrivimZRolebis marTvisunarebisa daaraadeqvaturisagzao niSnebisgamo.

2.sazogadoebrivitransportisomxeTSigadatvirTulia dacudad arisSenarCunebuli.mikroavtobusebisaSiSia da xSiriaavto avariebisSemTxvevebi.

3. somxeTissagangebo,samedicino dasapoliciomomsaxureobismiRebas sWirdebagarkveuli dro,raTa miaRwionSoreul regionebs

3.avstraliisxelisufleb ariZlevainformaciassomxeTis sahaerousafrTxoebismdgomareobisSesaxeb

soflis gzebzexSirad ar arissakmarisi ganaTebada sagzao niSnebi

2.sazogadoebrivitransporti baqSi(mag. metro) xSirSemTxvevaSi cudmdgomareobaSia,gadatvirTulia daar gaaCniaZiriTadiusafrTxoebisa dasamaSvelodaxmarebisaucilebeliaRWurviloba

3.azerbaijanisSida dasaerTaSorisofrenebi SesaZloayovelTvis arakmayofilebdnensaerTaSorisousafrTxoebisstandartebs

jandacva


didi britaneTi 1.samedicinodawesebulebebixelmisawvdomiaTbilisSi, Tumca maTiservisi SesaZloaZviri aRmoCndes.dedaqalaqis gareT,samedicinodawesebulebebiSezRudulia.gamgzavrebamdedarwmundiT, romTqveni dazRvevafaravs sazRvargareTnebismieri saxismkurnalobisa da

1.samedicinodawesebulebidabalixarisxisaa,gansakuTrebiTdedaqalaqisgareT

2.somxeTSimkurnaloba ararisrekomendirebuli,mciremanipulaciebis,an gadaudebeli

1.samedicinodawesebulebebibaqos gareT ZalianSezRudulia. mZimeavadmyofobis, andazianebisSemTxvevaSi,SesaZlebeliasaWiro gaxdesTurqeTSi, andasavleT evropaSipacientistransportireba2.darwmundiT, romTqveni dazRvevaucxoeTSi aRniSnul

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repatriaciis xarjebs. daxmarebis garda

3.darwmundiT, romTqven gaqvTdazRveva,romelicucxoeTSiavadmyofobisa darepatriaciisxarjebs faravs

(repatriaciisa dasamedicinomkurnalobis)xarjebs faravs

aSS 1.dasavluri tipissamedicinomomsaxureba saq-SiSezRudulia, TumcaSeimCneva saqarTvelosjandacvisgaumjobesebistendencia. arsebobssamedicinoSesaZleblobebisdeficiti Tbilisisada baTumis gareT.regionebidansaswrafo daxmarebiTtransportirebasSesaZloa dasWirdes24 saaTi. adgilobrivisaswrafo daxmarebismanqana SesaZloa ariyos xelmisawvdomi,an dasWirdes misiTbilisidangamogzavna

3.qarTveli eqimebisamedicino daxmarebisgawevamdepacientisagan naRdangariSsworebasmoiTxoven

1.miuxedavad imisa,rom somxeTSimravalikompetenturieqimia, samedicinodawesebulebebiSezRudulia,gansakuTrebiT kiZiriTadiqalaqebis gareT.

2.asakovani dajanmrTelobisproblemis mqonemogzaurebiSesaZloa didiriskis qveSaRmoCndnenarasakmarisisamidicinomomsaxurebisgamo

1.baqoSifunqcionirebs erTidasavluri tipisklinika, romelicuzrunvelyofs 24saaTianmomsaxurebas. igidasavluristandartebisSesabamisiagadaudebelisamedicinomkurnalobis, anmcire samedicinoproblemisSemTxvevaSi.operacia, TusicocxlisaTvisnaklebad saswrafojanmrTelobisproblemisSemTxvevaSi ar arisrekomendirebuliazerbaijanSimkurnaloba.

Sveicaria 1.saswrafo samedicinomomsaxurebauzrunvelyofiliamxolod urbanulcentrebSi. SoreuladgilebSiavadmyofobis, anubeduri SemTxvevisdros swrafisamedicino servisi araris garantirebuli

2.seriozuliavadmyofobis andazianebis SemTxvevaSiumjobesia SveicariaSidabruneba

1.saswrafo daZiriTadisamedicinojandacvadedaqalaqisgareT SesaZloaar iyosxelmisawvdomi,Tumca erevanSiarsebulisamedicinodawesebulebebi,ar Seesabamebaevropulstandartebs.seriozuliWrilobis, anavadmyofobisSemTxvevaSi

1.azerbaijanisjandacvaaraadeqvaturia daar arisuzrunvelyofilidedaqalaqis gareT.Tu SesaZlebeliaairCieT kerZosaavadmyofoebi,Tumca isinimoiTxoven avanss dafinansur garantiaspacientismkurnalobamde

146

rekomendirebuliaSveicariaSidabruneba

safrangeTi 1.saq-Sigavrcelebuliameningiti, malaria,tuberkuliozi

2.adgilobrivmasanitarulmasamsaxurebmadaadastures, romTbilisSi Zalianbevri mawanwala ZaRlicofis matarebelia

1.saWiroadifteriis,tetanusis,poliomiolitisvaqcinaciebisCatareba, aseverekomendirebuliaA hepatiis damuclis tifisvaqcinaciac.

1.sajarosaavadmyofoebiufasoaazerbaijanSi, Tumcacudad arisaRWurvilni.2.ucxourisamedicino centrebiSedarebiTumjobesia. baqoSiyvela saWiromkurnalobisCatarebaSesaZlebelia, TumcakonsultaciebiZalian Zviria (50 $-idan 250 $-mde).

3.avariis dros,xSiria SemTxvevebi,rodesac msxverpliTu avadmyofiTurqeTsa da iranSigadahyavTsamkurnalod

4.qveyanaSi farTodaris gavrcelebuliaiv da Sidsisvirusi, xolotuberkuliozi kiTavisimravalrezistensuliformiTsazogadoebrivijandacvis mTavarproblemad rCeba

kanada 1. nu geqnebaT imismolodini, romsamedicno momsaxurebaiseTive iqneba,rogorsac kanadagTavazobT

2.iqonieT samedicinomedikamentebianixelCanTa,gansakuTrebiT TuTqven mogiwevT yofnadidi urbanulicentridan moSorebiT

1.nu geqnebaT imismolodini, romsamedicnomomsaxurebaiseTive iqnebasomxeTSi,rogorsac kanadagTavazobT

2.Tan iqonieTaucilebelipirveladimoxmarebismedikamentebianixelCanTa,gansakuTrebiT TuTqven mogiwevTdidi urbanulicentrebidan

1.nu geqnebaT imismolodini, romsamedicnomomsaxureba iseTiveiqneba azerbaijanSi,rogorsac kanadagTavazobT

2.Tan iqonieTaucilebelipirveladimoxmarebismedikamentebianixelCaTa,gansakuTrebiT TuTqven mogiwevT didiurbanulicentrebidan

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moSorebiT yofna moSorebiT yofna

avstralia 1.samedicinomomsaxureba,gansakuTrebiT TbilisgareT SezRudulia.miuxedavad imisa, romevropuli da rusulimedikamentebixelmwisawvdomia,samedicinomomsaxurebis xarisxida saSualebebimwiria. samedicinoevakuacia, romelicsakmaod Zviri jdeba,SesaZlebelia saWirogaxdes mZimeavadmyofobis andazianebisSemTxvevaSi.2.saqarTveloSigavrcelebuliamalaria, muclis tifi,tuberkuliozi,brucelozi dahepatiti

1.avstraliisxelisuflebaurCevsmoqalaqeebs, romaiRonsrulyofilidazRveva,romelic faravssazRvargareTnebismiersamedicinoxarjebs, radganavstraliisxelisufleba argadaixdis maTsamedicino dasaevakuacioTanxebs.

2.standartulisamedicinodawesebulebebida servisidedaqalaqisgareTSezRudulia.mZimeavadmyofobis, anubeduriSemTxvevis drossaWiro iqnebaSesabamisidaniSnulebissamedicinodawesebulebamdeevakuacia (racsakmaod Zvirijdeba)

3.arsebobsmalariisdaavadebis riskisomxeTisdasavleTiTsasazRvreregionebSi. asevearsebobsmwerebiT sxvagadamdebdaavadebaTa riskituristebisaTvis.sagareo uwyebamouwodebsmoqalaqeebs, rommiiRon Sesabamisizomebi, raTaTavidan aicilonmweris nakbenebi

1. avstraliisxelisufleba urCevsmoqalaqeebs, romaiRon srulyofilidazRveva, romelicfaravssazRvargareTnebismier samedicinoxarjebs, radganavstraliisxelisufleba argadaixdis maTsamedicino dasaevakuacio Tanxebs.

2.kerZo, dasavluristandartebis tipisklinikebifunqcionirebsbaqoSi. Tumcadedaqalaqis gareT,samedicinodawesebulebebi,gansakuTrebiT kisaxelmwifosaavadmyofoebi damaTi servisi, xSiradaraadeqvaturia.arsebobs samedicnomedikamentebisa daaWRurvilobisdeficiti, eqimebi kipirdapir dadauyoneblivangariSsworebasmoiTxovenpacientebisagan

3.arsebobs malariiTdaavadebis riskiazerbaijanissamxreT barisraionebSi

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umciresobebi


didi britaneTi 1.homoseqsualizmilegaluriasaqarTveloSi, TumcafarTod ar arismiRebulisazogadoebisaTvis.2013 wlis 17 maiss,homofobiisaRsaniSnavadgamarTul aqciisCatarebas TbilisSixeli SeuSalamosaxleobis farTomasam. saqarTvelosmarTmadideblurieklesiis mxadamWerebifizikurad dasityvieradgauswordnen aqciismonawileebs.

1.homoseqsualizmi2003 wlidandekriminalizebulia,zogjer lgbtjgufebi ganicdiansityvier da fizikurSeuracyofas.

2.msgavsi sqesiswyvilebs Soriskocna da xelisgadaxvevadamaxasiaTebeliasomxurikulturisaTvis daar aris seqsualuriorintaciismaCvenebeli, sworedamitom sagareouwyeba moqalaqeebssifrTxiliskenmouwodebs

3. somxeTiqristianuliqveyanaa da qalebsSeuZliaTnormaluri,dasavluri stilissamosi Caicvan,Tumca dedaqalaqisgareTmacxovreblebiufrokonservatiulebiarian, amitomacSeusabamoCacmulobamSesaZloa miiqciosxalxis yuradReba

1.mosaxleobisumravlesobamuslimia, Tumcaazerbaijanulisazogadoebasekularulia.pativi eciTadgilobrivtradiciebs, kanonsada religias mTeliTqveni yofnisperiodSi da iyaviTfrTxilad, romTqvenma qmedebamsxvebis rwmena arSeuracyos2.homoseqsualizmilegaluriaqveyanaSi, TumcamosaxleobisumravlesobisaTvismiuRebelia

aSS 1.lgbt pirebis icavsantidiskriminaciulikanonebi saq-Si da ararsebobssamarTlebrividabrkoleba maTimovlenebisaRsaniSnavad.

2.Tumca tradiciulmakulturulmadamokidebulebamSesaZloa gamoiwvioslgbt pirebisdiskriminacia da

1.ar arsebobsspecialuri kanoni,romelic lgbtpirTa uflebebsdaicavs, Tumca ararsebobssamarTlevrividabrkolebebi maTimovlenebisaRsaniSnavad.

2.lgbt pirebitradiciulikulturulidamokideblebisgamo saxelmwifosa

1.arsebobsinformaciareligiuri,rasobrivi motivissafuZvelzeCadenilidanaSaulis Sesaxeb.qveynis CrdiloeTnawilSimcxovreblebinaklebadtolerantulebiarian, baqoSimacxovreblebisagangansxvavebiT.2.qalebisTvis

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Seviwroeba.

3. warsulSi zogierTilgbt da religiuriumciresobebi iyvnenTavdasxmaTa samizne

4. 2013 wlis 17 maissZaladobrivad CaiSalahomofobiissaerTaSoriso dRisaRsaniSnavi aqcia maTikontr aqciismonawileebis mier

5.miuxedavad imisa, romsaq-osadministraciulikodeqsi adgenssazogadoebrivSenobebs SSmp-isaTvis,mainc Zalian mcireamaTTvisxelmisawvdomi sajaroda kerZo Senobebi.kerZo da sajarotransporti veruzrunvelyofas SSmp-ebis gadaadgilebas.

da kerZo pirebismier diskriminaciasganicdian.

3.miuxedavad imisa,rom somxeTma 2007wels xeli moawaraadamianis uflebaTakonvencias, somxeTisxelisufleba arasrulebs aRebulvadebulebebs. Aararsebobs pirobebiSSmp-isTvis maTiparkirebisa dainvalidis etliTgadaadgilebisaTvis

sasurvelia kabisCacma aseTsazogadoebaSi

Sveicaria 1.adamianebi, romlebicsajarod afiSirebensakuTarhomoseqsualurorientacias xSiradagresiis msxverplnixdebian

2. araadekvaturi cixispirobebi (gadaWedilisaknebi, arasakmarisisamedicino dasanitarulimomsaxureba) zrdistuberkulioziTdaavadebis risks

1.cixis pirobebimZimea somxeTSi:gadaWedili cixeebi,araadekvaturisamedicino dasanitarulipirobebi dasamedicinomomsaxurebisdeficiti zrdistuberkuliozisrisks

1.mosaxleobisumravlesobamuslimi Siitia,moargeT Tqveniqceva da CacmulobamaT praqtikas

safrangeTi homoseqsualobalegaluria, Tumcasomxuri farTosazogadoebisaTvismiuRebelia

1.azerbaijanimuslimurisaxelmwifoaSiituriumravlesobiT,magram saerosaxelmwifoa.

2.azerbaijans aqvstolerantoba sxvareligiebis mimarT,Tumcarekomendirebulia,rom Tavi SeikavoT

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sakuTarireligiuriritualebisSesrulebisagan

3.homoseqsualizmidekriminilizebulia2001 wlidan, Tumcacudad aRiqmebasazogadoebis mier

kanada 1.homoseqsualobalegaluria, TumcaqarTulisazogadoebis farTofenebisaTvismiuRebelad rCeba

1.homoseqsualobalegaluria, Tumcasomxuri farTosazogadoebisaTvismiuRebelia

1.homoseqsualobalegaluria, TumcaazerbaijanulifarTosazogadoebisaTvismiuRebelia

2.religiuriprozelitizmiakrZalulia

avstralia 1.saqarTveloskanonmdeblobas argaaCnia naTeli damkafio regulaciebida procedurebisurogaciasTandakavSirebiT,amitomacmxedvelobaSi undamiiRoT riskebi dapotenciuri Sedegebi,garigebis dadebamdegaiareTsamarTlebrivikonsultaciebi

1.erTsqesianTaurTierTobebilegaluriasomxeTSi, magram araris miRebulifarTosazogadoebisaTvis.regularuladadgili aqvs“siZulvilis enis”SemTxvevebssazogadoebaSi,sadac diskriminciafarTod arisgavrcelebuli

1.azerbaijanSireligiuriprozelitizmiakrZalulia.homoseqsualizmi araris ukanono, TumcamosaxleobaSisayovelTaod araris miRebuli

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$3.3. saqarTvelos turizmis saerTaSoriso

konkurentunarianoba msoflio ekonomikuri forumis kvlevebSi

nebismieri saxelmwifos turistuli seqtorisaTvis Zalzed

mniSvnelovania, Tu ra pozicia ukavia saerTaSoriso konkurentunarianobis

kuTxiT. Cveni qveynis saerTaSoriso konkurentunarianobis detaluri

Seswavla saSualebas mogvcems, ufro mkafiod davinaxoT da realurad

aRviqvaT saqarTvelos turistuli imijis kuTxiT arsebuli problemebi da

gamowvevebi, gavaanalizoT, Tu ras miaRwia am TvalsazrisiT saqarTvelom,

aRniSnul seqtorSi xelisuflebis mxridan romel sferos esaWiroeba kidev

ufro meti yuradReba da zogadad, rogori mdgomareobaa turizmis seqtorSi

mezobel saxelmwifoebTan SedarebiT.

turizmis seqtorSi arsebuli viTarebis Sesafaseblad

umniSvnelovanesia msoflio ekonomikuri forumis kvleva, romelsac igi

yovel wliurad atarebs msoflios daaxloebiT 140 qveyanaSi. aRniSnuli

kvleva saSualebas iZleva visaubroT saqarTvelos turistuli ganviTarebis

dinamikaze e.w „reitingebis xedviT“.

imisaTvis, rom SemuSavebuli instrumentebis gamoyenebiT gaezomaT

erovnuli konkurentunarianoba, msoflio ekonomikurma forumma SemoiRo

turizmisa da mogzaurobis konkurentunarianobis indeqsi (TTCI), romelic

124 qveynis ekonomikur mdgomareobas moicavda da yovlismomcveli

strategiuli instrumentia „im faqtorebisa da politikis gasazomad,

romelic mimzidvels xdis mogzaurobisa da turizmis seqtoris

ganviTarebas sxvadasxva qveynebSi“. angariSi moicavs 124 qveynis ekonomikis

sxvadasxva profils, romlebic figurireben kvlevaSi, cxrilebSi

globaluri gradaciis saxiT aris ganTavsebuli da moicavs yvela im

indikators, romlebic Sedis turizmisa da mogzaurobis indeqsSi.

aRniSnuli Sroma Seiswavlis turizmisa da mogzaurobis

konkurentunarianobis sxvadasxva aspeqtebs, swavlobs iseT sakiTxebs,

rogoric aris urTierToba turizmsa da ekonomikur ganviTarebas Soris,

152

eleqtronuli gadaxdebis roli turizmisa zrdisa da marTvis sferoSi,

aseve ekonomikur gavlenas sahaero transportis qselebis gaumjobesebaSi,

qveynis politika turizmis sferoSi da a.S.

turizmisa da mogzaurobis konkurentunarianobis indeqsi mravalmxriv

aris mniSvnelovani. bevr saxelmwifoSi turizmi aris kritikuli seqtori,

romlis mizania saxelmwifos erovnuli da ekonomikuri keTildReobis

zrda. mogzaurobisa da turizmis konkurentunarianobis analizi

uzrunvelyofs sasargeblo da saintereso informaciis mopovebas saqmiani

gadawyvetilebis misaRebad;

turizmisa da mogzaurobis industriis konkurentunarianobis angariSi

saSualebas aZlevs ama Tu im qveynis xelisuflebas dainaxos dabrkolebebi

am sferos funqcionirebis gzaze maT qveyanaSi. es aris platforma

dialogisa industriasa da politikosebs Soris, raTa erTad daZlion

turizmis sferoSi arsebuli winaaRmdegobebi.

turizmisa da mogzaurobis indeqsi zomavs im faqtorebsa da

politikas, romlebic mimzidvels xdis turizmis seqtoris ganviTarebas

sxvadasxva qveynebSi. bunebrivia Cndeba kiTxva, Tu ramdenad sandoa

aRniSnuli monacemebi da ra saxis wyaroebs eyrdnoba.

upirveles yovlisa igi efuZneba: sazogadoebrivi azris kvlevas:

aRniSnuli monacemebi eyrdnoba biznes liderebis perspeqtivebs mTeli

msoflios masStabiT; es is xalxia, romlebic iReben sainvesticio

gadawyvetilebebs da qmnian klimats Sesabamis ekonomikur sferoSi. kvleva

iZleva unikalur monacemebs Zalian bevr instituciur da biznes garemos

sakiTxebze, maT Soris turizmisa da mogzaurobis industriis, bunebrivi

garemos xarisxis konkretul Temebze. kvlevis monacemebi aris maRali

sandoobis mqone, magram mudmivad cvladi.

mogzaurobisa da turizmis konkurentunarianobis angariSi msoflio

ekonomikuri forumis yovelwliur sazogadoebriv kvlevas warmoadgens.

monacemebi mopovebulia sajarod xelmisawvdomi wyaroebidan, saerTaSoriso

organizaciebidan, turizmisa da mogzaurobis institutebidan da aseve

153

aRniSnuli sferos eqspertebidan. monacemebi mopovebulia iseTi

saerTaSoriso organizaciebidan, rogoricaa: IATA sahaero transportis

saerTaSoriso asociacia; UNWTO msoflios turizmis organizacia; WTTC

msoflios mogzaurobisa da turizmis sabWo; IUCN bunebis da bunebrivi

resursebis dacvis saerTaSoriso organizacia; WB da sxv.

2007 wlis 1 marts JenevaSi (Sveicaria) msoflio ekonomikurma forumma

gamoaqveyna „mogzaurobisa da turizmis konkurentunarianobis angariSi

2007“, romelSic msoflios 124 qveyana iRebda monawileobas, Tumca es cifri

2008 wels 130–mde gaizarda, xolo 2011 wels ki kvlevaSi 139 saxelmwifo

CaerTo (World Economic Forum, 2007).

2007 wels turizmis konkurentunarianobis indeqsis mixedviT

saqarTvelo 124 qveynidan 66-e pozicias ikavebda. reitingSi dsT-s wevr

qveynebs Soris saqarTvelo saukeTeso maCvenebeliT gamoirCeoda, romlis

Semdgom modioda ruseTi (68-e adgili), somxeTi (74-e adgili), xolo

azerbaijani reitingSi 75-e adgilze iyo. saqarTvelo win uswrebda aseve

iseT qveynebs, rogoricaa quveiTi, CineTi, rumineTi, ukraina, moldaveTi,

yirgizeTi, yazaxeTi da a.S.

2007 wlidan dRemde turizmisa da mogzaurobis konkurentunarianobis

gradaciaSi pirvel adgils Sveicaria ikavebs. Sveicaria msoflioSi

cnobilia yvelaze usafrTxo saxelmwifod, SesaniSnavi jandacvisa da

higienis pirobebis maCveneblebiT, iseve rogorc garemos maregulirebeli

wesebiT, romelic yvelaze mkacri da efeqturia msoflioSi. es gaxlavT

qveyana, sadac arsebobs da msoflioSi yvelaze saukeTesod ganixileba

sastumroebis menejmentis skola, qveynis adamianuri resursebis yvelაze

maRali done, romelic Sesabamisad uzrunvelyofs maRali xarisxis

personals turizmis industriisaTvis. turizmisa da mogzaurobis

infastruqtura Sedis msoflios saukeTesoTa Soris, romelic martivi da

amave dros Zalian komfortulia turistebisaTvis qveyanaSi gadaadgilebis

mizniT. garda amisa, es qveyana yvelaze mdidaria kulturuli da bunebrivi

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resursebiT msoflioSi. es patara saxelmwifo 6 istoriuli Zeglis

samSobloa, romelic iuneskos msoflios kulturuli memkvidreobis ZeglTa

nusxaSia Setanili da sadac qveynis teritoriis 30 procenti daculia.

turizmisa da mogzaurobis konkurentunarianobis politikidan gamomdinare

mniSvnelovania, rom Sveicaria Sesulia maRali Semosavlis mqone iseT

qveynebTan erTad, rogoricaa espaneTi, germania, safrangeTi da a.S,

romlebic turizmis prioritetulobis kuTxiT qveynebis top aTeuls qmnian.

mogzaurobisa da turizmis konkunetunarianobis indeqsiT 2008 wels

saqarTvelom msoflios 130 qveyanas Soris 72-e adgili daikava, Semdgom

wlebSi ki 73-e pozicias inarCunebda, xolo 2013 wels saqarTvelom 66-e

pozicia daikava.

turizmis saerTaSoriso konkurentunarianobis qveindeqsebSi

saqarTvelos saukeTeso maCvenebeli „maregulirebel CarCoebSi“ aqvs, igi

30–adgilzea 139 saxelmwifos Soris, rac pirvel rigSi albaT qveynis

aqtiuri reklamirebis Sedegia, romelsac 2006 wlidan saqarTvelos

mTavroba, turizmis erovnuli administracia da mTavrobis davalebiT

sxvadasxva biznes struqturebi axorcielebdnen.

pirvel da meore pilarSi izomeba, Tu ramdenad mniSvnelovani da

prioritetulia aRniSnuli seqtori qveynis xelisuflebisaTvis. es

gamoixateboda sabiujeto saxsrebis gansakuTrebuli aqcentirebiT

infrastruqturaze, aseve mTavrobis kampaniebiT turizmis seqtorSi

investorebis mosazidad. metic, mTavrobam ganaxorciela mizanmimarTuli

infrastruqturuli proeqtebi da kampaniebi investorebis mosazidad

saqarTvelosTvis naklebad “tradiciuli” turistuli “brendebis”

Sesaqmnelad (maT Soris, mestia saTxilamuro sportze aqcentiT, anaklia,

siRnaRi, kaxeTis calkeuli adgilebi da a.S.).

qveynis Sida gadaadgilebisaTvis sasicocxlod mniSvnelovania aseve

qveynis saxmeleTo transportis xarisxi. igi iTvaliswinebs sarkinigzo,

saavtomobilo da portebis gzebis xarisxs, iseve rogorc erovnuli

satransporto qselis gazomva mTlianobaSi gulisxmobs, Tu rogori saxis

155

efeqtur satransporto saSualebebsa da saqmian centrebTan misawvdomobas

gvTavazobs qveynebi da maT mier SemoTavzebuli turistuli adgilebi.

mogzaurobisa da turizmis konkurentunarianobis Sefasebisas xdeba

zogadi turistuli infrastruqturis mTeli rigi aspeqtebis Sefaseba

TviToeul qveyanaSi sazogado satransporto infrastruqturisagan

gansxvavebiT. igi iTvaliswinebs ganTavsebis infrastruqturis (sastumroebis

ricxvi) da avtomobilebis gamqiravebeli kompaniebis arsebobas qveyanaSi.

maTi gazomvisa da Sefasebis erT-erT indikators aseve warmoadgens

finansuri infrastruqturac (bankomatebi da informaciis mimwodebeli

avtomaturi manqanebi).

fasis konkurentunarianoba turizmisa da mogzaurobis industriaSi

cxadia mniSvnelovnad gasaTvaliswinebeli faqtoria. unda gvaxsovdes, rom

fasebis vardnis tendencia xels uwyobs zogierTi qveynebidan turistebis

mozidvis mimzidvelobas. aseve gasaTvaliwinebelia iseTi faqtorebi,

rogoricaa saqonelsa da momsaxurebaze arsebuli naklebad Zviri tarifebi,

aviabileTis safasuri da aseve aeroportebis mosakreblebi (romlebmac

SesaZloa ufro Zviri gaxados bileTis fasi), sawvavze fasebis done sxva

qveynebTan SeedarebiT, gadasaxadebi da aseve sastumroSi ganTavsebis

Rirebuleba. saqarTveloSi aqcenti ZiriTadad turistebis raodenobriv

zrdaze keTdeba, rac turistul konkurentunarianobas ar ganapirobebs, amas

adasturebs turizmis konkurentunarianobis reitingic, romlis mixedviTac,

infrastruqturis ganviTarebis doniT, saqarTvelo 140 qveynidan mxolod 80-

e adgilzea. es imas niSnavs, rom vizitori, romelmac naxa saqarTveloze

reklama da misi gavleniT erTxel ewvia qveyanas, meored aq Camosvlaze

naklebad ifiqrebs, gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca Cvens qveyanas regionSi

sakmaod bevri konkurenti hyavs, TurqeTis, bulgareTisa da rumineTis saxiT.

turistebis nakadis zrdas ver mihyveba Sesabamisi infrastruqturis

ganviTarebis zrdis tempi. yovel sezonze fasebi sakurorto zonebSi

sursaTze, sastumroebsa da sxva tipis servisebzec mzardia, magram

momsaxurebis xarisxi - ucvlelad dabali. es ki dasvenebis msurvelebs

156

alternatiuli kurortis Ziebisken ubiZgebs. turistuli kompaniebis

informaciiT, dasveneba TurqeTSi, xmelTaSua zRvispireTsa da espaneTSic

ki, ufro iafi jdeba, vidre saqarTvelos Savi zRvispireTSi. turebs

saqarTveloSi ZiriTadad aviabileTebis komponenti da sastumroebis

gadasaxadebi aZvirebs.

Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT im faqts, rom dRevandel globalur

samyaroSi udidesi datvirTva gaaCnia onlain garemos Tanamedrove

mogzaurobisa da turizmis mrewvelobaSi, aucileblad unda

gaviTvaliswinoT maTi mniSvneloba da aucilebloba, rogorc marSutebisa

da mogzaurobis dagegmvisas, aseve sacxovrebeli adgilebis Sesyidvisa da

dajavSnis dros. isini gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiT ekidebian internet–

sakomunikacio infrastruqturas TviToeuli qveynis ekonomikaSi. am

SemTxvevaSi fasdeba saerTaSoriso sainformacio da sakomunikacio

teqnologiebis SeRwevis tarifebi (interneti, satelefono xazebi, da

farToxazovnebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen sazogadoebis onlain

saqmianobas. aq aseve Semotanilia specialuri sazomi instrumenti imis

dasadgenad, Tu ra saxis internet provaiderebi gamoiyeneba sawarmoTa mier

biznes operaciebis ganxorcielebis dros ekonomikaSi, (aq igulisxmeba

turizmisa da mogzaurobis tranzaqciebi ekonomikaSi). am mxriv ki aseve

sainteresoa sastumroebis Tu saintereso turebis onlain reJimSi

dajavSnis problemuroba Cvens qveyanaSi.

mogzaurobisa da turizmis konkurentunarianobis 2011 wlis angariSSi

qveyanaSi turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis yvelaze problematur sferod Semdegi

faqtorebi dasaxelda: xelmisawvdomoba finansebTan, samuSao muSaxelis

araadeqvaturi ganaTleba, inflacia, erovnul muSaxelSi cudi samuSao

eTika, sagadasaxado regulireba, politikuri arastabiluroba,

infrastruqturis araadekvaturi miwodeba, sagadasaxado ganakveTebi,

xelisuflebis arastabiluroba, saxelmwifo gadatrialebebi, araefeqturi

xelisuflebis biurokratia, cudi sazogadoebrivi jandacva, korufcia,

SezRuduli Sromis regulireba, sagareo valutis regulaciebi, danaSauli

157

da qurdoba. zemoT CamoTvlil oficialurad gamoqveynebul

problemaTagans aseve emateba turistuli danaxarjebis sidide (rac

aviabileTebis da sastumroebis Zviri fasiT kidev ufro izrdeba);

sastumroebis Tu saintereso turebis onlain reJimSi dajavSnis

problemuroba, rac turistebis did nakads saqarTvelos ubralod acilebs;

mimyoli infrastruqturis gaumarTaoba, rac restornebis, manqanis

daqiravebis, kvalificiuri gidebis da sxva wvrilman-msxvilmani turistuli

saWiroebebis uxarisxobisa da simwiris gamo SeiZleba ara turistebis

mozidvis, aramed maTi dafrTxobis instrumenti gaxdes; zogadad,

momsaxurebis xarisxis da mosamsaxure personalis dabali kvalifikacia da

kidev uamravi sxvac, romelic, Tu droulad ar aRmoifxvra, pozitiur

mocemulobas da miRweul warmatebebs myisierad gaanadgurebs.

2013 wels saerTaSoriso ekonomikurma forumma gamoaqveyna

„mogzaurobisa da turizmis konkurentunarianobis reitingi-2013", sadac

saqarTveloSi turizmis seqtorSi arsebuli mdgomareoba wina welTan

SedarebiT gaumjobesebulia. warmodgenil 140 qveyanas Soris saqarTvelo

66-e adgilzea (4.10 quliT) da kavkasiis regionis qveynebs mniSvnelovnad

uswrebs win (World Economic Forum, 2013). aSkaraa, rom saqarTvelos pozicia 7

punqtiT gaaumjobesa 2011 welTan SedarebiT, sadac saqarTvelo 73-e

adgilze iyo. reitingSi mezobeli azerbaijani 78-e, somxeTi 79-e pozicias

ikavebs, xolo TurqeTs 46-e adgili uWiravs. kvleviTi angariSis pirvel

xuTeulSi ukve ramdenime welia, rac Sveicaria liderobs. xuTeulSi aseve

moxvdnen: germania, safrangeTi, avstria, espaneTi da didi britaneTi. rac

SeexebaT postsabWoTa qveynebs, ruseTi 63-e adgilzea, litva 49-ze, latvia

48, ukraina 76-ze. (ix. cxrili 18).

qveindeqsebSi saqarTvelos saukeTeso maCvenebeli „maregulirebel

CarCoebSi“ aqvs da is 30–adgilzea 140 saxelmwifos Soris (World Economic

Forum, 2013). 2007-2013 wlebSi, igi metnaklebad gaumjobesebulia, radgan Tu

2007 wels saqarTvelos 55-e pozicia ekava, 2013 wlisTvis igi ukve 30-e

poziciaze aRmoCnda, rac aSkarad dadebiTi movlenaa. aRsaniSnavia, rom am

158

qveindeqsis konkretuli indikatorebis mniSvnelovani nawili emTxveva im

indikatorebs, romelic saqarTvelos ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsSi

maRal poziciebze yofnas ganapirobebs. amasTan, amave qveindeqsis or

konkretul indikatorSi saqarTvelos dabali maCvenebeli aqvs: „sakuTrebis

uflebebSi“, sadac mas 120–e adgili ukavia da xolo ormxrivi sahaero

momsaxurebis SeTanxmebebis RiaobaSi ki 121–e adgili. mogzaurobisa da

turizmisTvis garemosa da infrastruqturis qveindeqsSi saqarTvelos 80-e

pozicias ikavebs. Tu calke “mogzaurobisa da turizmis garemosa da

infrastruqturas”, rogorc subindeqss, davakvirdebiT, aq SeiZleba iTqvas,

rom stabiluri gaumjobesebaa, Tu ar CavTvliT 2009 wels, romelic

SeiZleba saqarTveloSi, 2008 wlis agvistos tragikuli movlenebis

gamoZaxili iyos. 2007 wels 94 poziciidan, 2014 wels ki me-80 poziciis

dakaveba aSkara gaumjobesebis mimaniSnebelia. es dadebiTi tendencia aisaxa

kidec subindeqsSi Semavali pilarebis maCveneblebis stabilur

gaumjobesebaSi. umjobesdeboda, rogorc “sahaero transportis

infrastruqtura”, aseve “saxmeleTo transportis infrastruqtura”,

“turistuli infrastruqtura, “internet sakomunikacio infrastruqtura” da

“fasebis konkurentunarianoba mogzaurobisa da turizmis industriaSi”.

SedarebiT dabali poziciebi aqvs Cvens qveyanas sahaero transportis

infrastruqturaSi (101-e adgili), turistul infrastruqturaSi (82-e

adgili). am qveindeqsSi aRsaniSnavia gansakuTrebiT arasaxarbielo pozicia

ori inikatoris mixedviT-sahaero transportis gadasaxadebi da aeroportis

mosakreblebi (104-e adgili) da sastumroebis fasebis indeqsi (109-adgili).

turizmisaTvis adamianuri, kulturuli da bunebrivi resursebis

subindeqsSi saqarTvelos 91-e adgils ikavebs. adamianuri kapitalis

pilarSi saqarTvelos 40-adgilzea, Tumca es ZiriTadad miRweulia

pirveladi ganaTlebis (me-6 adgili) da saSualo ganaTlebis (me-11 adgili)

indikatorebiT, xolo saganmanaTleblo sistemis xarisxiT saqarTvelo 119-e

poziciaze dgas, kvlevis da treiningebis sistemis adgilobrivi

159

SesaZlebloebebiT 125-e adgilze, TanamSromelTa treiningebis xarisxiT ki

108-e adgilze.

samwuxarod, aranairi gaumjobeseba ar aris “mogzaurobisa da

turizmis, adamianuri, kulturuli da bunebrivi resursebis” subindeqsSi:

2007 wels 31-1 poziciidan 2013 wlisTvis mdgomareoba gauaresebulia 91-

poziciamde. Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom es maCvenebeli ar aris

korelirebuli zemoaRniSnul gaumjobesebasTan. “adamianuri kapitalis”

gauaresebuli maCvenebeli SeiZleba axsnili iqnas qveyanaSi siRaribis

maRali doniT da mZime socialuri mdgomareobiT (me-7 pozicia 2007 wels,

2013 wlisTvis ki me-40 pozicia).

160

cxrili N. 18

saqarTvelos mogzaurobisa da turizmis konkurentunarianoba wlebis mixedviT

subindeqs

ebiPpozicia qveynebs Soris

subindeqsebSi Semavali

pilarebi

mogzauro

bebisa da

turizmis

mareguli

rebeli

CarCoebi

2007 2008 2009 2011

2

2013

2

2007

2

200

8

2

200

9

2

2011

2

2013

55 46 33 35

3

30

politikis wesebi da

regulaciebi

8

0

6

8

5

6 35

4

0

garemos mdgomareoba6

8 - - 69

7

4

daculoba da

usafrTxoeba

4

7

3

7

3

2 47

5

1

janmrTeloba da

higiena

4

3

4

2

2

9 31

3

7

mogzaurobisa da

turizmis usafrTxoeba

5

9

7

2

4

0 31

1

7

mogzauro

ba da

turizmi

garemo da

infrastr

uqtura

98 94 99 94

8

80

sahaero transportis

infrastruqtura

1

06

1

05

1

00 105

1

01

saxmeleTo

transportis

infrasturqtura

7

6

7

6

6

7 69

6

1

turistuli

infrastruqtura

1

06

9

0

1

15 87

8

2

internet sakomunkacio

infrastruqtura

8

7

9

0

9

6 82

7

5

fasebis

konkurentunarianoba

mogzaurobisa da

turizmis industriaSi

5

8

7

8

7

2 91

5

2

mogzauro

ba da

turizmi

3

1

8

5

9

2 92

9

1adamianuri kapitali 7

3

7

3

7 30

4

0

161

adamianur

i,

kulturu

li da

bunebrivi

resursebi

mogzaurobisa da

turizmis saSualebebi - - - 46 53

bunebrivi resursebi8

1

1

16

1

15 120

1

19

kulturuli resursebi8

1

7

1

7

5 80

8

4

wyaro: (World Economic Forum. (2007-2013). The Travel&Tourism Competitiveness Index)

mogzaurobisa da turizmis konkurentunarianobis kvleva cxadyofs, rom

saqarTveloSi erT-erT mTavar problemad am seqtoris ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT

warmoadgens fasis konkurentunarianoba. kerZod, qveynis ekonomikis ganviTarebis

am rTul etapze turistul industriaSi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania

turproduqtis fasisa da xarisxis iseTi Sefardeba, romelic konkurentunarians

gaxdis mas, rogorc adgilobriv, aseve uaxloesi mezobeli qveynebis bazrebze.

saqarTveloSi aqcenti ZiriTadad turistebis raodenobriv zrdaze keTdeba, razec

metyvelebs Tundac is faqti, rom saerTaSoriso turistebis raodenobiT

saqarTvelo msoflioSi erT-erTo wamyvani qveyanaa, Tumca turistebis raodenobis

zrda turistul konkurentunarianobas sulac ar ganapirobebs, amas adasturebs

turizmis konkurentunarianobis reitingic, romlis mixedviTac, infrastruqturis

ganviTarebis doniT, saqarTvelo 140 qveynidan mxolod 82-e adgilzea.

saqarTvelos regionSi seriozuli konkurenti hyavs TurqeTis saxiT,

romelic msoflio mogzaurobisa da turizmis konkurentunarianobis kvlevaSi 46-s

pozicias ikavebs da mniSvnelovnad win uswrebs saqarTvelos, Tumca samxreT

kavkasiis regionSi saqarTvelo kvlavac lider saxelmwifod rCeba turizmis

sferoSi, romelic 66-e pozicias inarCunebs da mas CamorCebian mezobeli

azerbaijani (78-e) da somxeTi (79-e).

.

162

Tavi IV

saqarTvelos mTavrobis Zalisxmeva qveynis turistuli

konkurentunarianobis gasaumjobeseblad

$ 4.1. saqarTvelos xelisuflebis Zalisxmeva turistuli seqtoris

ganviTarebisaTvis

miuxedavad msoflio ekonomikuri krizisisa, saqarTveloSi turizmis

seqtori swrafi tempebiT viTardeba. prognozebi sakmaod optimisturia.

mosalodnelia saerTaSoriso Semosvlebis, turizmis seqtorSi

dasaqmebulTa raodenobisa da turizmidan miRebuli Semosavlebis zrda,

rac saqarTvelos mTavrobis da saqarTvelos turizmis erovnuli

administraciis aqtiuri muSaobis Sedegad gaxda SesaZlebeli. saqarTvelos

turistuli potenciali Zalian mravalmxrivia. saqarTvelos xelisuflebis

Zalisxmeva mimarTuli iyo sazRvao da samTo turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis,

aseve azartuli TamaSebis ganviTarebis kuTxiT. gadaidga nabijebi

istoriuli turizmis, Rvinis turizmis, samkurnalo da religiuri turizmis

ganviTarebis mxriv. saqarTvelos mTavarobis Zalisxmeva Sedgeba

Semdegisagan: infrastruqturuli ganviTareba, usafrTxoebis gaumjobeseba,

turistuli obieqtebis mSeneblobis waxaliseba kerZo seqtoris mier da

saxelmwifos monawileoba turistuli infrastruqturis SeqmnaSi,

magaliTad samTo turizmis xelSewyoba, Zveli qalaqebis aRdgena-

restavracia, baTumis axali bulvaris mSenebloba da a.S.

miuxedavad msoflio ekonomikuri krizisisa, saqarTveloSi turizmis

seqtori swrafi tempebiT izrdeba. prognozebi sakmaod optimisturia.

mosalodnelia saerTaSoriso Semosvlebis, turizmis seqtorSi

dasaqmebulTa raodenobisa da turizmidan miRebuli Semosavlebis zrda,

rac saqarTvelos mTavrobis da saqarTvelos turizmis erovnuli

administraciis aqtiuri muSaobis Sedegad xdeba SesaZlebeli, romelic

163

Semdegi saxis aqtivobebs moicavs: turizmis infrastruqturis ganviTarebas,

momsaxurebis xarisxis zrdas, masStabur marketingul kampaniebs Sida da

saerTaSoriso bazrebze, axali bazrebis aTvisebasa da turistuli

produqtebis ganviTarebas. turistuli infrastruqturis ganviTareba

saqarTvelos mTavrobis prioritetebSi ganixileba. mTeli qveynis masStabiT

mimdinareobs axali turistuli sainformacio centrebis mSenebloba.

mniSvnelovani samuSao ganxorcielda mogzaurobis gaadvilebisa da savizo

sistemis gamartivebis kuTxiTac. saqarTvelos aqvs calxmrivi uvizo

mimosvla umetes qveynebTan, maT Soris aris: amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi,

kanada da evrokavSiris wevri saxelmwifoebi, romelTa moqalaqeebsac

saqarTveloSi Semosvla mxolod piradobis damadasturebeli mowmobiT

SeuZliaT. aRsaniSnavia, rom vizebi bevri sxva qveynis moqalaqisTvis gaicema

sazRvarze.

saqarTvelos mTavroba turizmisa da sastumroebis industriis

ganviTarebas prioritetulad miiCnevs, rasac mowmobs sxvadasxva

sainvesticio proeqtis wamowyeba. maT Soris aris sastumroebSi

investirebis iniciativa, romelic SesaZleblobas aZlevs investorebs

isargeblon Semdegi pirobebiT: kerZo sakuTrebis xelmisawvdomoba

privatizaciis saSualebiT; privatizebuli qonebis Sesyidva pirdapiri

Sesyidvis saSualebiT; mniSvnelovani fasdaklebebi privatizirebul

qonebaze; xelsayreli pirobebi Tbilissa da regionul centrebSi

investirebisaTvis.

sahaero transportis infrastruqtura uzrunvelyofs gamartivebul

xelmiswvdomas da midgomas qveyanasTan, iseve rogorc gadaadgilebas

sxvadasxva qveynebis mimarTulebiT. am ganyofilebaSi fasdeba sahaero

transportis gadasaxadebi da aeroportis mosakreblebi, sahaero

transportis xarisxi, romelic izomeba arsebuli asafreni manZilis

kilometrebiT, frenebis raodenobiT, aeroportis simWidroviT, moqmedi

aviakompaniebis raodenobiTa da aseve sahaero infrastruqturis rogorc

Sida, aseve saerTaSoriso frenebis xarisxiT.

164

saqarTvelos saaviacio bazari mniSvnelovani zrdis tempiT

gamoirCeoda bolo ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi. 2003 wlamde bazarze ar

arsebobda Tavisufali konkurencia da sahaero transportis

infrastruqturas monopoliurad akontrolebda ramodenime biznes jgufi.

Tumca, momdevno wlebSi araerTi nabiji gadaidga bazris

liberalizaciisken, ramac frenebisa da mgzavrebis mkveTri zrda gamoiwvia.

aRsaniSnavia ramdenime mniSvnelovani nabiji, romelic daexmareba qveyanas

gaxdes regionalur satransporto centri. maT Soris aris: Ria cis

politikis danergva, saqarTvelos integrireba evropis saerTo saaviacio

sivrceSi da Tanamedrove aeroportebis qselis ganviTareba. aRniSnuli

qmedebebis Sedegad frenebisa da mgzavrebis ricxvi mkveTrad gaizarda.

saqarTvelos samoqalaqo aviaciis saagentos mier mowodebul informaciaze

dayrdnobiT, 2006 wels saqarTveloSi Semovida sul 3 aviakompania, 2007

wels ki mxolod erTi, es iyo ukrainis saerTaSoriso aviaxazebi. 2008 wels

saqarTvelos bazarze 4 aviakompania Semovida: CexeTis, italiis aviaxazebi,

“aerosviri” da “dniproavia” (orive maTgani ukrainis aviaxazebs

warmoadgens). 2008 wlis agvistos omma seriozuli gavlena iqonia

saerTaSoriso frenebzec, radgan 2009 wels saqarTveloSi arc erT ucxour

aviakompanias ar gamouxatavs Semosvlis survili. 2010 wels ki mxolod

erTi aviakompania, kerZod ki kanaduri aviakompania “ken boreki” iwyebs

operirebas qarTul aviasivrceSi. 2011 wlidan 7 aviakompania Semovida

saqarTveloSi, 2012 da 2013 wlebSi maTi raodenoba kvlav ucvlelad

narCundeboda. (ix. cxrili 19)

165

cxrili 19.

saqarTveloSi Semosuli ucxouri aviakompaniebi

weli aviakompaniebis raodenoba aviakompaniebis dasaxeleba

20063 aviakompania Skat

AirBalticArmavia

2007

1 aviakompania Ukraine Inter. Airlines

2008

4 aviakompania Czech AirlinesAerosvitAir LithuaniaDnepoavia

2009 ar Semosula arc erTi aviakompania

20101 aviakompania

Kenn borek

2011

7 aviakompaniaPegasus AirlinesATA AirlinesPolish Airlines (LOT)China Southern AirlinesAir AstanaFlyDubaiUral Airlines

2012

7 aviakompaniaAlitaliaQatar AirwaysAegeanBritish AirwaysEstonia AirUtair UkraineWizz Air Ukraine

2013

7 aviakompaniaAtlasjet AirlinesAl Naser AirlinesIraqi AirwaysAir OnixTravel ServisISRAIRWizz Air Hungary

wyaro: saqarTvelos samoqalaqo aviaciis saagento, 2006-2013 ww. saqarTvelos

bazarze Semosuli da moqmedi aviakompaniebis nusxa

2005 wels saqarTvelom daiwyo Ria cis politikis gatareba, rac

iTvaliswinebs liberalur midgomas Tavisufali konkurenciis

wasaxaliseblad da saqarTvelos saaviacio bazarze ucxouri

166

aviakompaniebis mosazidad. Ria cis politikis SemoRebam gaamartiva

msoflios udidesi avaikompaniebis saqarTvelos samoqalaqo aviaciis

bazarze Semosvla. saqarTvelos saerTo evropul saaviacio bazarTan

integrireba saerTo saaviacio sivrcis SeTanxmebas evrokavSirsa da

saqarTvelos Soris xeli moewera 2010 wlis 2 dekembers, briuselSi.

xelSekrulebis mizania, Sesabamisi bazrebis gaxsna da saqarTvelos

integrireba ufro farTo saerToevropul saaviacio sivrceSi. aseve qveynis

kanonmdeblobis harmonizacia evropul standartebTan. sxva proeqtebidan

aRsaniSnavia evrokavSiris mier dafinansebuli ,,Tviningis“ programa,

romlis mizania daxmareba gauwios saqarTvelos da moaxdinos

regulaciebis harmonizacia evropul standartebTan iseT sferoebSi,

rogorebicaa aviaciis usafrTxoeba da sahaero mimosvlis licenzireba

(programa daiwyo 2011 wels); moxda Sida frenebis operatorebisTvis

xelsayreli pirobebis Seqmna; SemuSavda SeTavazeba dabalbiujetiani

gadamzidavebisTvis, saqarTvelos saaviacio bazarze maT mosazidad; 2010

wels, sahaero transportis saerTaSoriso asociaciam (International Air

Transport Association IATA) miiRo gadawyvetileba saqarTvelosTvis Billing and

Settlement Plan-is Camoyalibebis Sesaxeb. es sistema amartivebs gayidvis,

aRricxvisa da gadacemis procedurebs IAT-s mier akreditirebul

saagentoebisTvis; warmatebuli nabijebi gadaidga erovnuli samoqalaqo

aviaciis kanonmdeblobis gasaumjobeseblad, kerZod: ganxorcielda axali

sahaero kanonmdeblobis gegmis inicireba; saoperacio regulaciebi

SemuSavda da gamoica personalis licenzirebisaTvis (PEL), operaciebisTvis

(OPS) da TviTmfrinavis frenis vargisianobiaTvis (AIR); ganxorcielda PEL,

OPS, AIR domeinebSi zedamxedvelobis programis struqturizacia; moxda

licenzirebis, serTificirebis, avtorizaciisa da damtkicebis

procedurebis ganaxleba; dagegmili saqmianoba saqarTvelo moaxdens

sakuTari kanonmdeblobis harmonizacias evropul standartebTan da

danergavs evrokavSiris saaviacio wesebs iseT sferoebSi, rogorebicaa

aviaciis usafrTxoeba, garemo, momxmarebelTa dacva, sahaero mimosvlis

167

menejmenti, ekonomikuri regulireba, konkurenciisa da socialuri

sakiTxebi. ტერიტორიების ათვისება.ჩვე

saqarTvelo saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgenis Semdeg,

qveyanaSi ganviTarebulma movlenebma mniSvnelovanwilad ganapiroba

turizmis industriis metad mZime da savalalo mdgomareoba. turistuli

bazebi, sastumroebi, kempingebi savse iyo afxazeTidan da samaCablodan

wamosuli mravalricxovani devnilebiT. 1990-ian wlebSi, turizmze, rogorc

qveynis ekonomikis mamoZravel dargze fiqri da msjeloba sruliad

naadrevi iyo. Tumca turizmis ganviTarebis xelSesawyobad pirveli nabijebi

swored am periodSi gadaidga. 1992 wlis dekemberSi saqarTvelos

respublikis turizmis komitetis Tavjdomared konstantine salia dainiSna,

romelmac faqtiurad pirvelad daiwyo saubari turizmis, rogorc qveynis

ekonomikis umniSvnelovanesi dargis ganviTarebis aucileblobis Sesaxeb,

risTvis saWiro iyo turizmis Sesaxeb kanonis miReba, ucxoeli investorebis

moZieba da sazRvargareTis qveynebTan mWidro kontaqtebis damyareba. swored

am periodSi gadaidga nabijebi sxvadasxva qveynebis turistul

organizaciebTan TanamSromlobis kuTxiT. 1993 wels saqarTvelo

saerTaSoriso turistuli organizaciis (WTO) wevri qveyana gaxda.

am wlebSi erT-erT mniSvnelovan movlenas warmoadgenda 1995 wlis

dekemberSi germanuli umsxvilesi turistuli koncern « tuis »

warmomadgenlobis viziti saqarTvelos imJamindel prezidentTan eduard

SevardnaZesTan. germanuli mxare aRfrTovanebuli darCa borjomisa da

bakurianis silamaziT da saqarTvelos kurortebTan mWidro kavSirebis

damyarebis survili gamoTqva. swored am movlenas mohyva holandieli,

amerikeli da sxva qveynis investorTa vizitebi saqarTveloSi, romlebmac

survili gamoTqves saqarTvelos turizmis seqtorSi CaedoT investiciebi.

1997-98 wlebis qarTul presaSi ukve mravlad gvxdeba statiebi, sadac

turizmi saqarTvelos ekonomikis erT-erT mamoZravebel dargad moizareba.

saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgenis Semdeg,

turizmis sferoSi miRebuli erovnuli sakanonmdeblo bazidan pirveli iyo

168

1995 wels miRebuli kanoni «turizmis Sesaxeb», romelic Zaladakargulad

gamocxadda saqarTvelos 03/06/97 N599 kanoniT. aRniSnuli kanoni

aregulirebda iseT sakiTxebs, rogoricaa turizmis ZiriTadi miznebi da

amocanebi, turistis ufleba-movaleobani, turizmis saxelmwifo

regulireba, turizmis ekonomikuri safuZvlebi da dafinanseba da a.S.

turizmis sferos dRes Semdegi ZiriTadi kanonebi aregulirebs

saqarTveloSi:

1. saqarTvelos kanoni turizmisa da kurortebis Sesaxeb

2. saqarTvelos kanoni kurortebisa da sakurorto adgilebis

sanitaruli dacvis zonebis Sesaxeb

3. turizmis qartia.

1997 wels miRebuli iqna saqarTvelos kanoni “turizmisa da kurortebis

Sesaxeb”, romelic turizmisa da sakurorto saqmianobis sferoSi arsebul

urTierTobebs aregulirebs; aRniSnulma kanonma araerTgzis ganicada

cvlileba da masSi sxvadasxva saxis Sesworebebi iqna Setanili. kanonis me-2

muxlSi mocemulia iseTi definiciebi, rogoricaa turizmi, turisti,

turistuli resursebi, turistuli produqti, sanitaruli dacvis zona,

Sida turizmi da a.S, Tumca aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom ZiriTadi cnebebi da

ganmartebebi kvlavac arasrulia da aucilebel ganaxlebebs saWiroebs.

kanoni ar ganmartavs iseT aucilebel cnebebs, rogoricaa,

magaliTad, ZiriTadi turistuli momsaxureoba, sastumro, sastumro saxli

da a.S. aSkaraa, rom arsebuli ganmartebebi Sinaarsobrivi TvalsazrisiTac

mniSvnelovnad dasaxvewia (metreveli 2001).

“turizmisa da kurortebis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis mixedviT,

saqarTvelos parlamenti gansazRvravs saxelmwifo politikis ZiriTad

mimarTulebebs turizmisa da kurortebis dargSi da axorcielebs mis

sakanonmdeblo regulirebas, swored sakanonmdeblo organo amyarebs

saparlamentTaSoriso urTierTobas sxva saxelmwifoebTan turizmisa da

kurortebis dargSi. aRniSnul kanonSi 2013 wlis bolos cvlilebis

169

mixedviT, saqarTvelos mTavroba uzrunvelyofs turizmisa da kurortebis

dargSi erTiani politikis ganxorcielebas da iTvaliswinebs turizmisa da

kurortebis ganviTarebis interesebs qveynisaTvis umniSvnelovanesi

proeqtebis ganxorcielebisas, agreTve saxelmwifoTaSoris da

saerTaSoriso organizaciebTan urTierTobaSi; amtkicebs kurortebis

nusxas da statuss; kanonis me-3 muxlis me-7 punqtis mixedviT, saqarTvelos

sakurorto resursebis dacvisa da racionaluri gamoyenebis mizniT

ToToeuli kurortisa da sakurorto adgilisaTvis iqmneba sanitaruli

dacvis zonebi, romelTa proeqts adgens dargis marTvis saxelmwifo

organo dam as saqarTvelos mTavroba amtkicebs.

saqarTvelos kanoni « kurortebisa da sakurorto adgilebis

sanitaruli dacvis zonebis Sesaxeb » 1998 wels iqna miRebuli da

gansazRvravs saqarTvelos kurortebsa da sakurorto adgilebSi sawarmoTa

ganTavsebis, samewarmeo saqmianobis, bunebrivi samkurnalo resursebiT

sargeblobisa da mosaxleobis gansaxlebis aucilebel pirobebs; kanonis

mizania bunebrivi samkurnalo resursebis Tvisebebis SenarCuneba da maTi

dabinZurebis, gafuWebisagan da gamofitvisagan dacvis mizniT sanitaruli

zonebis dadgena. aRniSnul kanonSi araerTgzis Sevida cvlileba. kerZod,

2013 wlis 20 seqtembers Setanili cvlilebebis mixedviT, sanitaruli

dacvis zonebis proeqts adgens saqarTvelos ekonomikisa da mdgradi

ganviTarebis saministros sistemaSi Semavali sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli

piri - saqarTvelos turizmis erovnuli administracia saqarTvelos

garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis, Sromis, janmrTelოbisa da

socialuri dacvis, ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministroebTan

SeTanxmebiT da igi dasamtkiceblad waredgineba saqarTvelos mTavrobas

(saqarTvelos kanoni kurortebisa da sakurorto adgilebis sanitaruli

dacvis zonebis Sesaxeb, 1998).

saqarTvelos kanonis «kurortebisa da sakurorto adgilebis sanitaruli

dacvis zonebis Sesaxeb» me-4 muxlis mixedviT, dgindeba sanitaruli dacvis

170

zonebi, sadac akrZalulia samuSaoebi, romlebic abinZurebs niadags, wyals,

haers, zians ayenebs tyeebsa da mwvane nargavebs, iwvevs eroziul procesebs,

uaryofiad moqmedebs bunebriv samkurnalo resursebze da kurortebis da

sakurorto adgilebis sanitarul mdgomareobaze (saqarTvelos kanoni

kurortebisa da sakurorto adgilebis sanitaruli dacvis zonebis Sesaxeb,

1998). aRniSnul kanonSi sakiTxebis daregulireba saqarTvelos turizmis

seqtorisaTvis metad mniSvnelovania, Tumca wesebi sanitaruli zonebis

Sesaxeb nawilobiv faravs sxva kanonebs, romlebic amoqmedda garemos

dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis sferoSi, magaliTad rogoricaa

saqarTvelos kanoni «garemos dacvis Sesaxeb». aucilebelia aRiniSnos, rom

erTi da imave sakiTxebze kanonebis interpretaciis dros saqarTvelos

kanonebis erTmaneTTan Seusabamobam SesaZloa gaugebroba gamoiwvios, maSin,

rodesc ekonomikis sxva dargebis TiTqmis yvela kanoni srul

SesabamisobaSia saerTaSoriso da evrokavSiris kanonmdeblobasTan.

rac Seexeba “turizmis qartias”, igi moiwona msoflio turizmis

organizaciam (WTO) 1985 wels, romlis wevria saqarTvelo 1993 wlidan.

qartia aRiarebulia 1994 wlis 25 ianvris saqarTvelos parlamentis

dadgenilebiT. saqarTvelom sakuTar Tavze aiRo rigi valdebulebebi,

romelic savaldebuloa Sesrulebuli iqnas qartiis monawile yvela qveynis

mier. turizmis qartia aRiarebs TiToeuli adamianis dasvenebis, Tavisufali

drois gamoyenebis da samuSao dRis gonivruli SezRudvis uflebas,

perioduli xelfasiani Svebulebis CaTvliT. aqedan gamomdinare, qartiis

monawile saxelmwifoebi iReben rig valdebulebebs ucxo qveyanaSi yofnis

dros turistTa usafrTxoebisa da dasvenebis mizniT. turizmis qartia aseve

moicavs turizmis kodeqss, romelSic mkafiod aris gansazRvruli

turistTa ufleba-movaleobebi maTi droebiTi gaCerebis adgilebSi,

romelTa Soris turistebis mxridan aRniSnul teritoriebze adgilobrivi

mcxovreblebis adaT-wesebis, kanonebis da arsebuli socialuri,

politikuri da religiuri normebis pativiscema da morCileba moiazreba. ნი

171

sadisertacio naSromis wina nawilSi ganxilulia, Tu ra gavlenas

axdens turizmis seqtori qveynis winsvlasa da mis ekonomikur

ganviTarebaze. saqarTvelos, Tavis bunebriv-klimaturi pirobebidan da

istoriul-kulturuli Zeglebis simravlidan gamomdinare, didi Sansi aqvs

iqces turistebisaTvis sayvarel qveynad: Tvalwarmtaci buneba,

mravalferovani landSafti, kavkasionis qedi, Savi zRvis subtropikuli

zona, mdinareebi da CanCqerebi, kldeSi nakveTi qalaqebi, kurortebi da

mineraluri wylebi, istoriuli Zeglebi, qalaqebi da dasaxlebebi,

tradiciuli qarTuli stumarTmoyvareoba da ganTqmuli qarTuli

samzareulo, yovelive es uqmnis saqarTvelos turistuli qveynis imijs.

turizmis ganviTareba saqarTvelos erT-erT mniSvnelovan prioritets

warmoadgens. seqtoris waxalisebis mizniT qveyana investorebs sxvadasxva

stimulebs sTavazobs. maT Sorisaa sastumroebSi investirebis iniciativa da

Tavisufali turistuli zonebi. miuxedavad msoflio ekonomikuri

krizisisa, saqarTveloSi turizmis seqtori zrdas swrafi tempebiT

ganagrZobs. prognozebi sakmaod optimisturia. swored maTi mixedviT

turizmis seqtorSi rogorc dasaqmebulTa raodenoba, aseve turizmidan

miRebuli Semosavlebi zrdas momaval wlebSic ganagrZobs.

saqarTvelo gamoirCeva mdidari bunebrivi da kulturuli resursebiT.

mcire farTobis miuxedavad (69.700kv.km.) qveyana biomravalferovnebis

TvalsazrisiT erT-erTi unikaluria. saqarTveloSi iSviaTi subtropikuli

Waobebi, naxevrad udabnoebi, maRal alpuri zonebi da Tovliani

mwvervalebi warmodgenilia erTad ramdenime aseuli kilometris

daSorebiT. qveyanaSi 12 000-ze meti istoriuli da kulturuli Zeglia,

romelTagan 4 Sesulia iuneskos msoflio memkvidreobis ZeglTa siaSi:

1. mcxeTa - saqarTvelos uZvelesi dedaqalaqi

2. bagratis taZari (XI s.)

3. gelaTis monasteri quTaisSi (XI s.)

4. sofeli uSguli, svaneTSi, romelic iTveleba evropis yvelaze maRla

mdebare dasaxlebad (2300m).

172

saqarTvelo mimzidvelia sxvadasxva interesis mqone mogzaurisTvis.

magaliTad, turistebs, romlebic saqarTvelos dasasveneblad stumroben

SeuZliaT arCevani 103 kurortidan gaakeTon, maT saSualeba aqvT

daagemovnon mineraluri wyali daaxloebiT 2400 mineraluri wylis

wyarodan an ubralod ewvion zRvis sanapiros. bunebis moyvarulebi

SeiZleba dainteresdnen saqarTvelos teritoriaze arsebuli 8 erovnuli

parkiTa da 31 daculi teritoriiT. gudauris, bakurianisa da mestiis

zamTris kurortebi moTxilamureebsa da damsvenebels dauviwyar zamTrisa

Tu zafxulis dReebs hpirdeba.

bolo wlebSi saqarTvelos, rogorc turistuli qveynis mimarT interesi

mniSvnelovnad gaizarda. 2008 wlis agvistos omis miuxedavad, qveyanaSi

turistebis raodenoba stabilurad izrdeba. turistebis nakadis zrda,

pirvel rigSi, qveynis aqtiuri reklamirebis Sedegia, romelsac turizmis

departamenti, mTavroba da sxvadasxva biznes struqturebi axorcieleben.

saqarTvelos xelisuflebisaTvis turizmis seqtori gansakuTrebul

prioritets warmoadgens. es gamoixateba sabiujeto saxsrebis aqcentirebiT

infrastruqturaze, aseve xelisuflebis mier gaweuli farTomaStabiani

kampaniebiT turizmis seqtroSi investorebis mosazidad. mTavrobam

ganaxorciela mizanmimarTuli infrastruqturuli proeqtebi da kampaniebi

investiciebis mosazidad saqarTvelos naklebad „tradiciuli“ turistuli

„brendebis“ Sesaqmnelad (mestia saTxilamuro sportze aqcentrirebiT,

anaklia, siRnaRi, kaxeTis regionis calkeuli adgilebi).

saqarTvelos turizmis dargis aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis organoa

ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministros turizmis erovnuli

saagento, romlis ZiriTadi funqciaa: mdgradi ekonomikuri uzrunvelyofa,

mewarmeebisTvis xelsayreli biznes-garemos Seqmna, turistuli,

satransporto da kavSirgambulobis infrastruqturis ganviTarebisa da

qveynis satranzito potencialis xelSewyoba.

wina xelisuflebis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes miRwevad saqarTveloSi

turistebis raodenobis gazrda miiCneoda, Tumca yovelTvis kiTxvebs

173

badebda Semomsvlel turistTa raodenoba, radgan turizmis erovnuli

administraciis mier gamoqveynebuli statistika im adamianebsac turistad

Tvlida, vinc sxvadasxva mizniT, Tundac saqmianiT, gadmokveTda

saqarTvelos sazRvars. turistad moiazreboda aseve Cvens qveyanaSi

tranzitiT Semosuli vizitorebic, maT Soris TurqeTidan saqarTvelos

gavliT azerbaijanSi mimavali vizitoric. swored aRniSnuli xarvezebis

koreqtirebis mizniT, 2012 wels saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mier SemuSavda

turistTa daTvlis realuri meTodologia, romelmac saqarTveloSi

Semosuli ucxoeTis moqalaqeebi Semdeg gradaciad dahyo:

1. saerTaSoriso vizitori 2. tranziti 3. turisti.

saqarTveloSi dRevandeli turistuli statistikis Sedgenis erT-erTi

moTodi emyareba sazRvris kveTis monacemebs, romelsac saqarTvelos Sss-o

axorcielebs. am meTodis mixedviT turisti aris mogzauri, romelic kveTs

saqarTvelos sazRvars da rCeba saqarTvelos teritoriaze 24 saaTis

ganmavlobaSi. turistTa zrdis tempis TvalsazrisiT saqarTvelo erT-erT

mowinave qveyanas warmoadgens da win uswrebs msoflio turizmis zrdis

maCvenebels. 2007 wels 2006 welTan SedarebiT vizitorebis 37,8%-iT zrda

dafiqsirda, 2008 wels - 22,7%-iT, 2009 wels - 16,3%-iT, 2010 wels – 35,4%-iT,

2011 wels 38,9%-iT (romelTagan turisti iyo 82,9%), 2012 wels 56,9%-iT

(aqedan turisti iyo 53,6%), 2013 wels ki vizitorTa yvelaze maRali zrda

dafiqsirda da 21,8%-s miaRwia, aqedan turisti iyo 57,5% (Sinagan saqmeTa

saministr, 2014). zrdis tempis TvalsazrisiT saqarTvelo erT-erTi mowinave

qveyanaa. saqarTvelos turizmis seqtoris zrdis tempi bolo wlebSi

uswrebs msoflio turizmis zrdis maCvenebels. es faqti dasturdeba

msoflio mogzaurTa Soris saqarTveloSi CamosulTa wilis SefasebiT. (ix.

suraTi 20)

174

cxrili 20.

2010 – 2013 wlebSi saqarTvelos sazRvarze gadaadgilebuli vizitorebi

vizitebissaerToraodenoba

turisti tranziti sxva

2013 5392303 2065296 1188791 2138216

2012 4428221 1789592 754959 1883670

2011 2822363 1318968 491405 1011990

2010 2031717 1067338 268612 695767

wyaro: Sinagan saqmeTa saminitros sainformacio-analitikuri departamenti.

saqarTvelos sazRvarze gadaadgilebul vizitorTa statistikuri monacemebi

diagrama 21.

0

1000000

2000000

3000000

4000000

5000000

6000000

2010 2011 2012 2013

სხვატრანზიტიტურისტივიზ.საერთ .რაოდ

23,5

35,7%

15,4

wyaro: Sss-os sainformacio-analitikuri departamenti, “saq-os sazRvarze

gadaadgilebul vizitorTa statistikuri monacemebi”, 2004-2014 ww

2013 wels saqarTveloSi daregistrirebuli 5.36 milioni vizitidan 2

milionze odnav meti “turistul vizits” warmoadgenda, rac 16.3%-iani

zrdaa wina welTan SedarebiT. aSkaraa bolo ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi

saqarTveloSi ucxoeli moqalaqeebis vizitebis raodenoba mniSvnelovnad

gaizrda, maT Soris gaizrda turistebis wilic, Tumca misi zrdis tempi

175

saerTo vizitebis raodenobas CamorCeba, ramac misi wilis kleba gamoiwvia.

2010 wels turistebis wilma 52.5% Seadgina, 2011 wels 46.7%-i, 2012 wels es

maCvenebeli 40.4%-mde, xolo 2013 wels ki 38.8%-mde Semcirda (Sinagan saqmeTa

saministro, 2013). (ix. diagrama 22)

diagrama 22.

saqarTveloSi Semosul turistTa wili wlebis mixedviT

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2010 2011 2012 2013

wyaro: Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sainformacio-analitikuri departamenti,

“saqarTvelos sazRvarze gadaadgilebul vizitorTa statistikuri monacemebi”,

2010-2013 ww

mTlian saerTaSoriso mogzaurTa Soris saqarTvelos stumarTa wili

2007 wlidan 2012 wlamde 0.12%-dan 0.29%-mde gaizarda. bolo sami wlis

statistika aCvenebs, rom saerTaSoriso mogzaurebis udidesi nawili

saqarTvelos ivlissa da agvistoSi stumrobs (ix. danarTi N23).

2013 weli Cveni qveynisaTvis metad warmatebuli aRmoCnda da

saqarTvelos 5, 365,356 saerTaSoriso mogzauri ewvia, rac wina wlebis

maCvenebels 21,2%-iT aRemateba (Sinagan saqmeTa saministro, 2013). TurqeTi,

azerbaijani da somxeTi mogzaurTa raodenobis mxriv pirvel sameuls

warmoadgens. am qveynebze saqarTveloSi saerTaSoriso mogzaurebis

daaxloebiT 86% modis, romelTa Semdgom yvelaze meti mogzauri Cvens

176

qveyanas ruseTidan, ukrainidan da iranidan stumrobs. sastumroebis bazarze

amJamad aWaris zRvispira regioni da Tbilisi dominirebs (ix. cxrili 23)

saqarTveloSi Camosul turistTa zrdis tendencia aisaxa msoflio

mogzaurebis raodenobaSi saqarTvelos ucxoeli mogzaurebis wilSi,

romelic 2007 wlidan 2011 wlamde 0,12%-dan 0,29%-mde gaizarda. msoflios

da saqarTvelos zrdis tempebis Sedareba aCvenebs, rom ukanasknel xuT

weliwadSi mogzaurebis raodenoba saqarTveloSi gacilebiT ufro swrafi

tempebiT mimdinareobda, vidre msoflioSi. 2008 wels, msoflio finansuri

krizisis dros, roca msoflio saerTaSoriso mogzaurebis raodenoba 4%-iT

daeca, saerTaSoriso mogzaurebis raodenoba ki saqarTveloSi 16%-iT

gaizarda.

suraTi N 23

2013 w. yvelaze maRali denadobis qveynebidan vizitorTa saerTo raodenoba

11

TurqeTi 1 591 372

22

azerbaijani 1 072 226

33

somxeTi 1 285 175

44

ruseTisfederacia

765 458

55

ukraina 126 306

66

irani 41 203

77

poloneTi 36 821

88

germania 36 754

99

saberZneTi 21 972

110

yazaxeTi 21 110

111

belorusia 12 892

112

bulgareTi 10 829

177

saqarTveloSi vizitiT myofi saerTaSoriso mogzaurebi xasiaTdebian

Semdegi TaviseburebebiT: saqarTveloSi vizitis yvelaze popularuli

mizezi dasveneba da rekreaciaa (37%). ucxoelebis meoTxedze meti megobrisa

da naTesavis (34%) kerZo binaSi Camodis (saqarTvelos turizmis erovnuli

administracia, 2013), mogzaurebis mxolod 8% stumrobs saqarTvelos

biznesis da profesiuli mizezebiT. mogzaurebi saqarTveloSi aseve

Sopingis (7%), tranzitis (9%) da sxva miznebisTvis (12%) Camodian; vizitis

saSualo xangrZlivoba 9 dRea, maSin, roca mediana mxolod 2-ia;

vizitorebis 22% saqarTveloSi pirvelad imyofeboda; yvelaze popularuli

transportis saSualeba saerTaSoriso mogzaurebs Soris saxmeleTo

tranportia: avtobusi 47%, sakuTari avtomobili 28% da naqiravebi

avtomobili 5%. Semdeg modis sahaero transporti: saerTaSoriso aviaxazebi

- 12% da saqarTvelos aviaxazebi-3%. matarebels da sazRvao transports

umniSvnelo wili, Sesabamisad 3% da 1% ukavia. ucxoeli vizitorebis

pirvel sam saqmianobas warmoadgens: dasveneba da rekreacia (36%), qarTuli

kerZebis dagemovneba (35%), qarTuli bunebis/landSaptis gacnoba (35%)

yvelaze popularuli qalaqebia Tbilisi da baTumi (Tbilisi-45%, baTumi

40%). saerTaSoriso vizitorebis 27% saerTod ar aTevs Rames

saqarTveloSi. vizitorebis im nawilidan, romlebic RamisTeviT rCebian

qveyanaSi, yvelaze xSirad gamoyenebuli ganTavsebis saSualeba sastumroa

(36%). vizitorebis daaxloebiT mesamedi (34%) rCeba megobris an naTesavis

kerZo binaSi. sxva tipis ganTavsebis saSualebebi naklebad gamoiyeneba

saerTaSoriso vizitorebis mier. mxolod 9% rCeba sastumro saxlSi,

maSin, roca 8%-s sakuTari bina aqvs; vizitorebis 11% ki oTaxs an binas

qiraobs; saerTaSoriso mogzaurebis 49% marto mogzaurobs, 22%

megobrebTan, 16% ki ojaxis wevrebTan erTad; mogzaurebis 70% vizits

Tavadve gegmavs. vizitebis mxolod 16%-ia organizebuli megobrebis/ojaxis

wevrebis mier, xolo 8% damsaqmebeli organizaciis mier. turistuli

kompaniis mier organizebuli vizitebis raodenoba umniSnveloa da 1,4%

Seadgens. saerTaSorio vizitorebis saSualo xarji saqarTveloSi 536

178

laria. vizitorebis xarjebis udidesi nawili (23%) modis sakvebsa da

sasmelze, 18%-ki Sopingze. xarjebis daaxloebiT igive wili aRiniSneba

ganTavsebis saSualebebze 18%, maSin, roca maTi Tanxebis 7% adgilobriv

transportze ixarjeba (saqarTvelos turizmis erovnuli administracia,

2013);

sul saqarTvelos teritoriaze 1, 065 ganTavsebis saSualebaa 37, 317

sawoli adgiliT. am monacemebiT liderobs aWaris regioni. maTi

raodenobis 64% sastumroebze modis (saqarTvelos turizmis erovnuli

administracia, 2013), Semdeg aris sastumro saxlebi (13%) da saojaxo

sastumroebi (17%.) bolo periodSi mogzaurebis raodenobis mkveTr

zrdasTan erTad, saSualovadian perspeqtivaSi aRiniSneba ganTavsebis

saSualebebze moTxovnis gadaWarbeba miwodebaze, mosalodnelia, rom

moTxovnis zrda ganTavsebis saSualebebis raodenobis gazrdis safuZveli

gaxdeba.

saqarTvelos turizmis industria agrZelebs ganviTarebas. turizmis

xelSewyobis SemTxvevaSi dargi Seqmnis ufro met samuSao adgils da

Semoitans ufro met Semosavals momaval wlebSi. mogzaurebis raodenobis

gasazrdelad xelisuflebis mxridan xdeba Semdegi nabijebis gadadgma:

turizmis infrastruqturis ganviTareba, momsaxurebis xarisxis zrda,

xorcieldeba masStaburi marketinguli kampaniebi, axali bazrebis aTviseba

da turistuli produqtebis ganviTareba.

179

$ 4.2. sareklamo kampania, rogorc saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso turistuli

imijis popularizaciis strategiis umniSvnelovanesi elementi

qveynis turistuli imijis xelSewyobisaTvis umniSvnelovanesia

saqarTvelos cnobadobis gazrda da misi, rogorc turistuli qveynis

imijis popularizacia saerTaSoriso bazarze. saqarTvelos xelisuflebis

mier qveynis farglebs gareT sareklamo kampaniebis ganxorcielebis mizans

swored qveynis turistuli potencialis xelSewyoba, misi kulturuli

memkvidreobisa da tradiciebis, RirsSesaniSnaobebisa da turistuli

atraqciebis popularizacia warmoadgens, rac ganapirobebs qveyanaSi

damatebiTi turistuli nakadebis mozidvas sxvadasxva qveynebidan.

turizmis globalur bazarze maRali konkurenciaa, amitom saWiroa

mudmivi muSaoba sakuTari qveynis an teritoriis upiratesobaTa warmosaCenad. am

mxriv mniSvnelovania msoflios wamyvani telearxebis eTerSi sxvadasxva

sareklamo rgolebisa da dokumenturi filmebis ganTavseba. aseTi gadacemebi

aseve potenciur investorTa dainteresebas axdens. Tumca, amgvari servisi

sakmaod ZviradRirebulia da xSirad saWiro xdeba alternatiuli gzebis

gamoyeneba2.

rogorc ukve avRniSneT, saqarTvelos turizmis erovnuli

administraciis mizania saqarTvelos, rogorc turistuli qveynis imijis

xelSewyoba, popularizacia da masze muSaoba. swored amitom, yovel wels

saqarTvelo monawileobas iRebs sxvadasxva saxis saerTaSoriso turistul

RonisZiebaSi, Cven SevecadeT 2006 wlidan 2013 wlis CaTvliT Segveswavla maT

2,,reklamis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonis mixedviT reklamas warmoadgens: ,,saqonelze,momsaxurebasa da samuSaoze, fizikur da iuridiul pirebze, ideasa da wamowyebaze nebismierisaSualebiTa da formiT gavrcelebuli informacia, romelic gamiznulia pirTa ganusazRvreliwrisaTvis da emsaxureba fizikuri da iuridiuli pirebis, saqonlis, ideisa da wamowyebisadmiinteresis formirebasa da SenarCunebas, agreTve saqonlis, ideisa da wamowyebis realizaciisxelSewyobas”, aRniSnuli kanonis mizania reklamis sferoSi jansaRi konkurenciis ganviTareba,sazogadoebrivi interesebis, reklamis subieqtebisa da momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacva, arasaTanadoreklamis Tavidan acileba da aRkveTa2. pirvel rigSi aucilebelia ganisazRvros reklamis sagani -imiji, rome-lic potenciuri momxmareblisaTvisaa Seqmnili, amitom aucilebelia Camoyalibdessareklamo strategiis mTavari mizani. es saSualebas iZleva ufro adekvaturad SeirCes reklamistipi, Camoyalibdes kargi teqsti da nabeWdi produqcia gaformdes Sesabamisi dizainiT.

180

mier organizebuli yvela mniSvnelovani marketinguli Tu sxva saxis

RonisZieba, romlis saboloo mizansac ra Tqma unda saerTaSoriso asparezze

qveynis popularizacia warmoadgenda. amis misaRwevad: iRebs videorgolebs,

monawileobs sxvadasxva gamofenebSi

grafiki 24.

turizmis erovnuli administraciis mier 2006-2013 ww. ganxorcielebuli

saerTaSoriso turistuli gamofenebi

0

10

20

30

Axis

Title

Axis Title

ჰოლანდია

ესპანეთი

აშშ

არაბეთი

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ჩინეთი

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ფინეთი

შვეიცარია

181

grafiki 25.

turizmis erovnuli administraciis mier 2006-20013ww organizebuli pres da

gacnobiTi turebi

0

5

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2010 20122013

ინდეოთი

საბერძნეთი

ჰოლანდია

ესპანეთი

აშშ

არაბეთი

ისრაელი

ჩინეთი

wyaro: diagrama agebulia saqarTvelos turizmis erovnuli administraciis

mier mowodebul sainformacio masalebze dayrdnobiT

2006 wels turizmis erovnuli adminitraciis organizebiT

saqarTvelom sul 19, xolo 2007 wels ki aseT 12 saerTaSoriso-gamofenaSi

miiRo monawileoba. aRniSnuli RonisZiebebi Catarda rogorc evropis

qveynebSi, aseve aSS-Si. 2008 wlis agvistos omma Seamcira saqarTveloSi

Semosuli turistebis raodenoba, ramac faqtiurad Caagdo saqarTvelos Savi

zRvispireTSi turistuli sezoni. 2008 wels DSemcirda saqarTvelos mier

saerTaSoriso turistul bazrobebsa da gamofenebSi monawileobis

raodenobriv maCvenebelic. kerZod, saqarTvelom monawileoba miiRo mxolod 9

RonisZiebaSi. (ix. grafiki 24).

2009 wels saqarTvelos turistuli imijis popularizaciis mizniT,

saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mier ganxorcielebuli marketinguli

aqtivobebis mxriv mniSvnelovani gamococxleba SeimCneoda, razec

ganxorcielebuli marketinguli RonisZiebebis raodenoba da qveyanaSi

Semosuli ucxoeli vizitorebis zrda metyvelebs.

182

cxrili 26.

saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mier organizebuli saerTaSoriso marketinguli

RonisZiebebi

wlebisaerTaSoriso

gamofenapres - turebi

2006 19 ucnobia2007 12 ucnobia2008 9 ucnobia2009 15 52010 16 24

2011 2020 pres da 19 gacnobiTituri

2012 26 282013 10 25

wyaro: saqarTvelos turizmis erovnuli administraciis mier mowodebuli sainformacio

masalebi

2013 wels saqarTvelos turizmis erovnuli administraciis

organizebiT saqarTvelom monawileoba 10 saerTaSoriso gamofenaSi miiRo,

romelic Semdeg qveynebs moicavda: espaneTi, TurqeTi, israeli, germania,

didi britaneTi, iaponia, azerbaijani, ukraina, poloneTi, yazaxeTi, arabeTis

gaerTianebuli saemiroebi, safrangeTi. aRniSnuli RonisZiebebis

organizebaSi daxarjulma saerTo biujetma 799 474 lari Seadgina.

mTlianobaSi, rom 2006 wlidan 2013 wlis CaTvliT sul 127

saerTaSoriso turistuli gamofena - bazroba Catarda (ix. grafiki 25, 26).

Tu cxrils Tvals gadavavlebT, davinaxavT, rom saerTaSoriso gamofena

bazrobebis yvelaze maRali maCvenebeli 2012 wels dafiqsirda, xolo

yvelaze dabali (2008 wlis garda) ki 2013 wels.

SeviswavleT saqarTvelos mTavrobis dakveTiT wlebis ganmavlobaSi

turistuli imijis popularizaciis mizniT momzadebuli reklamebi.

saqarTvelos turizmis erovnuli administraciis masalebis Tanaxmad, 2009

wels kompania BUZZ TV–is daxmarebiT gadaRebulia erTi dokumenturi filmi

da 2 saimijo klipi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb. xelSekrulebis safuZvelze

183

kompaniam valdebulebad aiRo, rom saqarTvelos Sesaxeb momzadebul

videorgolebs da films “disqaverisa” da espanur enovan telearx TVEI-is

eTeriT uCvenebda. 52 wuTiani filmi 2 wlis ganmavlobSi 5 kontinentze iqna

naCvenebi, xolo rac Seexeba video rgols, misi xangrZlivoba 2 wuTi iyo

erTi maTgani mieZRvna saqarTvelos turistul da sainvesticio potencials,

meore ki qarTuli Rvinis popularizacias.

2010 - 2011 wlebSi, saqarTvelos xelisuflebis dakveTiT, damzadebuli

iqna 4 video rgoli, romlis mizansac msofliosaTvis saqarTvelos

turistuli potencialis warmoCena da gacnoba warmoadgenda. aRniSnuli

video-rgolebi Seqmnili iqna sareklamo kompaniebis: „metros“, „sangukos“ da

„saaCis“ mier: 2011 wlis agvistodan Travel Chanel–isa da saqarTvelos

turizmis erovnuli administraciis iniciativiT ganxorcilda dokumenturi

filmis “ESSENTIAL GEORGIA”-s gadaReba, xolo misi premiera Catarda

dekemberSi londonSi. msgavsi video-rgolebis damzadeba sakmaod Zviri jdeba,

swored amitom, “qarTuli ocnebis” xelisuflebam, faqtiurad uari Tqva

msgavsi saxis sareklamo kampaniebze da upiratesoba msgavsi saxis

RonisZiebebis socialur qselebSi gadatanas mianiWa. 2010-2012 ww.

saqarTvelos xelisuflebis dakveTiT damzadebuli iqna Semdegi vide-

rgolebi:

1. Georgia, for the best moments of your Life - esaa erT wuTiani da Svid

wamiani video rgoli, sadac Zalian kargad aris warmoCenili saqarTvelo

mTeli Tavisi silamaziT: mTiT, zRviT, mravalferovani samzareuloTi,

Tanamedrove sastumroebiTa da sarelaqsacio centrebiT, erovnuli

folkloriT, iusticiis saxliT, sadac Seyvarebul wyvilebs aqvT

saSualeba jvari daiweron, aseve Cans Tbilisi quCebiT da Ramis aqtiuri

cxovrebiT (internet wyaro N 65). aRniSnuli video rgoli odnav mogvianebiT

aseve ganTavsda sait Youtube.com-ze (ix. suraTi N 27). rac Seexeba rgolis

statistikas, igi Semdegnariad gamoiyureba: video ganTavsda 2012 wlis 23

oqtombers saqarTvelos turizmis erovnuli administraciis mier. aRniSnul

rgols 28.07.2013-Tvis 188 mnaxveli hyavda, xolo (07.02.2014) mnaxvelebis

184

raodenoba mniSvnelovnad gazrdilia da 950-s Seadgens, video-rgols sul 5

mowoneba aqvs, rac socialur qselebSi video rgolis warumateblobaze

metyvelebs. samwuxarod SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda sxva damatebiTi informaciis

miReba aRniSnul video rgolis Sesaxeb.

suraTi N.27

Tqveni cxovrebis saukeTeso wuTebisaTvis

wyaro For the best moments of your life, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m9xBnZVxBhk atvirTulia

23.10.2012, bolo naxva 07.02.2014

2. Summer in Georgia – („zafxuli saqarTveloSi“) saqarTveloSi

zafxulis sezonis saerTaSoriso bazarze popularizaciis mizniT turizmis

erovnuli administraciis mier 2010 w. damzadda video rgoli (internet

wyaro N 67). aRniSnuli klipi 31 wamiania, romelic iwyeba kiTxviT “ras eZebT

Tqven am zafxuls?” am klipSi saqarTvelo maqsimalurad aris warmoCenili

mTeli Tavisi simSvenieriT zafxulSi: Tbilisi axali restavrirebuli

quCebiT, Sss-s axali, gamWvirvale Senoba, rusTavelis Teatri, baTumi zRviT

da sastumroebiT, yazbegi, daqanebuli da Cqari mdinareebi, miwisqveSa

samyaro, Ramis klubebi da azartuli, saTamaSo da sarelaqsacio centrebi,

erovnuli bazrobebi da gamofenebi, qarTuli samzareulo, svanuri koSkebi,

varZia. saqarTvelos Sesaxeb gadaRebuli sareklamo video klipi “zafxuli

185

saqarTveloSi” turizmis erovnuli administraciis iniciativiT naCvenebi

iqna 5 qveyanaSi. (ix. suraTi N 28).suraTi 28.

video-rgoli - zafxuli saqarTveloSi

wyaro https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4z8arQwoeOI atvirTulia 17.06.212, bolo naxva

07.02.2014

2011 wels sareklamo rgoli gasuli iqna Semdeg ucxour arxebze:

germania RTL TV, belorusia ONT, arabeTi - Fars 1, yazaxeTi - 7th Channel,

azerbaijani - ANS Lider TV, somxeTi- Yerkir Media

rac Seexeba sareklamo klips, igi atvirTuli iqna sait Youtube.com-ze

„gudauri turis“ mier 2012 wlis 17 ivniss. video rgoli 27.07.2010-Tvis nanaxi iqna

101,050 vizitoris mier da hqonda 403 mowoneba. am droisaTvis ki nanaxia 141, 510

mnaxvelis mier da aqvs 521 mowoneba (07.02.2013).

klipis maRali xarisxis miuxedavad, unda aRiniSnos, rom reklamaSi

patara Secdomaa gaparuli, romelic SemaSfoTebelia da maxvili Tvali

aucileblad SeamCnevs. bunebrivi garemos suraTi da reklama qveynis

mimzidveli turistuli imijis uzrunvelsayofad ar SeiZleba iyos

gazviadebuli, ararealuri da metismetad gadaWarbebuli, aramed igi axlos

unda idges realobasTan da qveynis imijTan, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi,

naklebad sarwmuno imijma turistebis mozidvis nacvlad saboloo jamSi

mxolod uaryofiTi Sedegebi SeiZleba moitanos. amis naTeli magaliTia

Summer in Georgia-saxeliT gadaRebuli sareklamo rgoli, romelmac wesiT

186

unda Seuqmnas ucxoel turistebs dadebiTi warmodgena saqarTveloze da

aRuZras aq dasvenebis survili. mTlianobaSi sareklamo rgoli Zalzed

kargadaa gadaRebuli da pozitiur emociebs aRZravs, Tumca masSi aris erTi

kadri, sadac axalgazrdebi, zRvis sanapiroze erTobian, xolo kadris

sirRmeSi zRvaSi mosCans uzarmazari lamazi kunZuli (internet wyaro N 67).

yvela Cvenganma kargad viciT, rom msgavsi kunZuli Cvens qveyanaSi ar

arsebobs, anu es reklama Seicavs araswor informacias da aRniSnuli

kunZulis silamaziT moxibluli da misi xilviT dainteresebuli turisti

SecdomaSi Segvyavs. cxadia, rom am Seusabamobis aRmoCenis Semdeg nebismier

potenciur turists safuZvliani eWvi gauCndeba qveynis imijzec da Tan

„sakuTari aRmoCenis“ Sesaxeb sxva turistebsac gauziarebs, saqarTvelo ki

amiT dakargavs ara erT turists.

3.Georgia – your sky Destination - Seiqmna sareklamo rgoli samTo -

saTxilamuro kurortebis reklamirebis mizniT, romelic gaSuqda

azerbaijanis, yazaxeTis da iranis wamyvan telearxebze. amasTanave

saqarTvelos samTo kurortebis reklamireba, gare reklamis (quCis

bilbordebi) saSualebiT moxda poloneTSi, latviaSi da ukrainaSi.

4. Winter in Georgia – “zamTari saqarTveloSi“. saqarTveloSi zamTris

sezonis reklamirebis mizniT, 2011 wlis seqtemberSi Seiqmna aRniSnuli

video rgoli, romelic xangrZlivobiT 34 wamiania. video rgolSi

gadaRebulia vertmfrenidan danaxuli zamTris bakuriani, mestia da

gudauri, TovliT dafaruli mTebi da maTi mwvervalebidan TxilamurebiT

daSvebis mTeli silamaze, azarti da misgan miRebuli siamovneba. (ix. suraTi

N29). aRniSnuli sareklamo rgoli 2011 wels naCvenebi iqna Semdeg qveynebis

ucxour arxebze: yirgizeTi - Ltr, Ntv, Mtv, belorusia-, Pnt, LadMuz TV, VTV,

arabeTi- Farsi 1, xolo 2012 wels ki: israeli Channel 2, Channel 10, poloneTis

sazogadoebriv arxze.

aRniSnuli video rgoli tur operator „kavkasus Trevelis“ mier 2012

wlis 22 aprils aseve ganTavsda sait Youtube-ze (internet wyaro N52). rac

187

Seexeba rgolis statistikas, 27.07.2010-Tvis video-rgoli inaxula 936-ma

vizitorma, hqonda 6 mowoneba da 7 gaziareba. 2012 wlis ianvridan 2013 wlis

ianvramde sareklamo klipi daaxloebiT 500 mde vizitorma inaxula, Tumca misi

maCvenebli mniSvnelovnad gaizarda da 2013 wlis maisSi 800-s, xolo ki ivlisSi

ki 936- mde avida. (07.02.2014) video-rgoli nanaxia 1 963 vizitoris mier da

kvlav ucvlelad aqvs mxolod 6 mowoneba (internet wyaro N 115).

suraTi 29.

zamTari saqarTveloSi

wyaro Summer in Georgia, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Bu3QL91FVQ atvirTulia

22.04.2102, bolo naxva 5.02.2014

cxrili 30

saqarTvelos Sesaxeb Seqmnili turistuli video-rgolebis statistika

Youtube.com-ze

ganTavsda

video rgolis

saxelwodeba

gavrcelda

TV-ze

naxva mowoneba gaziareba

10.23.2012 Georgia, for best

moments of your

life

- 950 5 -

06.06.2012 Summer in

Georgia

6 qveyana 141 515 521-

11.12.2012 Winter in Georgia 5 qveyana 1 963 6 12

188

kvlevis Sedegad dadginda, rom im qveynebSi, romlis telearxebze gasuli

iqna saqarTvelos turistuli potencialis Sesaxeb sareklamo video

rgoli, mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens im qveynis moqalaqeebis survilze

ewvion da moinaxulon saqarTvelo, Sesabamisad aRniSnuli qveynidan

Semosuli turistebis raodenoba mniSvnelovnad izrdeba (ix. Ggrafiki 31,

32,33)

grafiki 31

zafxuli saqarTveloSi

0100000200000300000400000500000600000700000800000900000

1000000

2011

2012

wyaro: ucxoeTis qveynebis satelevizio sivrceSi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb gaSvebuli

video rgolebi da maTi gavlena momdevno wels aRniSnuli qveynidan Semosul

turistTa zrdis dinamikaze.

189

grafiki 32

zamTari saqarTveloSi

0

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qveynis turistuli imijis popularizaciaze da turistebis nakadis zrdaze

aseve did gavlenas axdens iseTi saxis RonisZiebebi, rogoricaa

sayovelTaod aRiarebuli saerTaSoriso bazrobebi da gamofenebi, pres da

190

gacnobiTi turebi da aseve sxva saxis proeqtebi, romlebic mraval mnaxvels

izidavs.

saerTaSoriso gamofenebi warmoadgens Tavisebur daTvalierebas imisa,

rasac masSi monawile qveynebma miaRwies drois garkveul monakveTSi.

saerTaSoriso bazrobebisa da savaWro–samrewvelo gamofenebis mowyoba

damaxasiaTebelia evropisa da amerikis maRalganviTarebuli qveynebisaTvis,

kerZod germaniaSi weliwadSi 6 qalaqSi ewyoba, safrangeTSi 7, italiaSi 8-

Si, es maSin, rodesac ganviTarebad qveynebSi maTi ricxvi gacilebiT mcirea.

msoflioSi cnobili 50 saerTaSoriso bazrobebidan evropaSi ewyoba-37,

aziaSi-6, afrikaSi-4, CrdiloeT amerikaSi-2, xolo laTinur amerikaSi-1.

rogorc wesi saerTaSoriso gamofenebi da bazrobebi umeteswilad

zRvispira qalaqebSi imarTeba, radgan sagamofeno eqsponantebis gatana da

turistebis udidesi nakadis gadayvana ZiriTadad sazRvao transportiT

xorcieldeba. saerTaSoriso gamofenebisa da bazrobebis ZiriTad funqcias

qveynebs Soris sagareo vaWrobis ganviTareba, samecniero – teqnikuri

informaciebis gacvla da kulturul RirebulebaTa amaRaleba warmoadgens.

igi aseve xels uwyobs qveynis imijis cnobadobis amaRlebas, mis zrdas da

monawile qveynebis ekonomikuri donis amaRlebas.

vinaidan Cveni kvlevis erT-erT amocanas saqarTvelos xelisuflebis

mier 2006-2013 ww. qveynis turistuli imijis popularizaciis mizniT

saqarTvelos farglebs gareT organizebuli RonisZiebebis Seswavla

warmoadgenda, swored amitom SevecadeT dagvedgina, axdenda Tu ara

gavlenas konkretul qveyanaSi Catarebuli marketinguli aqtivoba

saqarTveloSi aRniSnuli qveynidan Semosul vizitorTa raodenobriv

maCvenebelze. (ix. grafiki 34).

191

grafiki 34.

monacemTa gaanalizeba moxda pirsonis korelaciis koeficientis

dasadgenad.

korelaciis matricis analizi gviCvenebs, rom pirsonis korelaciis

maCvenebeli sainformacio RonisZiebebsa da saqarTveloSi Semosul

vizitorebs Soris saSualoze dabalia da pozitiuri tendencia axasiaTebs,

r=0.364, n=8, p=0.372. aRniSnuli urTierTmimarTeba asaxulia diagramaze, rac

metyvelebs imaze, rom ramdenadac izrdeba RonisZiebaTa raodenoba, aseve

izrdeba qveyanaSi Semosul turistTa raodenoba. aRniSnuli matrica kidev

erTxel xazs usvavs im faqts, rom saqarTvelos farglebs gareT

ganxorcielebuli sareklamo promouSeni mniSvnelovnad axdens gavlenas

192

qveynis turistuli imijis popularizaciis zrdasa da qveyanaSi Semosul

turistTa raodenobriv maCvenebelze.

193

d a s k v n a

saxelmwifos pozitiur turistul imijs Zalian didi mniSvneloba

eniWeba qveynis ekonomikuri zrdisa da ganviTarebisTvis. dRes, rodesac

saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi gadarCenisa da misi ganviTarebis Sanss isev da

isev dasavlur da Crdilo atlantikur struqturebSi integracia warmoadgens,

amis erT-erT mTavar pirobad kvlav saqarTvelos stabiluroba, Zlieri

demokratiuli institutebis arseboba da raRa Tqma unda qveynis mimzidveli

ekonomikuri mdgomareobis Seqmna unda warmoadgendes. saxelmwifom

maqsimalurad xeli unda Seuwyos qveyanaSi turizmis ganviTarebas, rac Cveni

qveynis ekonomikuri da politikuri ganviTarebis utyuari garanti iqneba, rasac

aucileblad sWirdeba finansuri resursebis fokusirebuli koncentracia

turistuli infrastruqturis raodenobrivi da xarisxobrivi masis

Sesaqmnelad, raTa saqarTvelom SeZlos, mravalferovani da maRali

xarisxis SeTavazeba im faqtoris gaTvaliswinebiT, rom mas Zalian

seriozuli konkurenti hyavs regionSi TurqeTis saxiT. aseTi saxis

finansuri xelSewyoba mxolod saxelmwifos, kerZo seqtoris da saerTaSoriso

investorebis aqtiuri TanamSromlobis safuZvelze iqneba SesaZlebeli.

upirveles yovlisa saxelmwifom unda SeZlos qveyanaSi stabiluri politikuri

da socialur–ekonomikuri mdgomareobis uzrunvelyofa.

ucxoeTis saxelmwifoebis veb-gverdebis Seswavlis Sedegad gamoikveTa

saqarTvelos turistulი imijიs gaumjobesebis mdgradi tendencia, masze

SeiZleba vimsjeloT saqarTveloSi ucxoeli vizitorebis raodenobis

zrdiTac. Tu 2006 wels saqarTvelos sul 763 231 vizitori ewvia, 2014 wels

maTma raodenobam 5 493 492-s miaRwia. am monacemebis mixedviT, vizitorebi,

romlebic saqarTveloSi Semodian da 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi Cerdebian

qveyanaSi ”turistebad” arian kvalificirebulebi. 5.9 milioni vizitoridan

194

2014 wels 2 218 050 ”turisti” iyo, rac 2013 welTan SedarebiT 7.39%-iani

zrdaa.

warmodgenili disertaciiT dasturdeba Semdegi hipoTeza:

qveynis turistuli imiji nawilobriv damokidebulia saxelmwifos

mier gatarebul politikasa da saxelmwifo imijis cvlilebaze.

saxelmwifos saerTaSoriso turistuli imiji dakavSirebulia

saxelmwifos saerTo mmarTvelobiT reformebTan, maT Soris

xelisuflebis mier Catarebul anti-kriminalur reformebTan, ramac

qveynis SigniT usafrTxoebis mdgomareobis mniSvnelovani zrda

gamoiwvia. politikuri arastabiluroba da qveyanaSi arsebuli

usafrTxoebis aradamakmayofilebeli done seriozul gavlenas axdens

qveynis mTlian imijze da moulodnelad dabla swevs saxelmwifos

saerTaSoriso turistul imijs. saxelmwifos pozitiuri turistuli

imijis formireba mniSvnelovanwilad damokidebulia im informaciis

Sinaarsze, rasac ucxoeTis saxelmwifoTa oficialuri veb-gverdebi

saqarTvelos Sesaxeb avrceleben. kvlevis Sedegad dadginda, rom

wlebis ganmavlobaSi ucxoeTis saxelmwifoebis oficialuri uwyebebis

veb-gverdebze saqarTvelo arastabilur da mZime kriminaluri fonis

saxelmwifos warmodgenda turistebisaTvis. ucxoeTis saxelmwifoebis

sagareo uwyebebis veb-gverdebze ganTavsebulma informaciebma da

saqarTvelos, rogorc usafrTxo saxelmwifos imijma mniSvnelovani

transformacia 2009 wlidan ganicada, saqarTvelo turistebisaTvis ukve

aRar warmoadgens „saSiS qveyanas“ da amjerad mxolod „normaluri

usafrTxoebis“ standartebis dacva esaWiroeba saqarTveloSi myof

turists;

saxelmwifos pozitiuri turistuli imiji aseve pirdapir aris

dakavSirebuli saxelmwifos mier gatarebul turistul

politikasTan, maT Soris qveynis farglebs gareT Catarebul

sapromouSeno RonisZiebebTan, rogoricaa saerTaSoriso turistuli

195

gamofenebi da bazrobebi, Tu sareklamo video-rgolebi sxvadsxva

telearxebze, romlebic xels uwyoben qveynis imijis cnobadobis

amaRlebasa da mis zrdas saerTaSoriso asparezze. dadginda

korelacia ucxoeTis qveynebSi saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mier

organizebul sainformacio RonisZiebebsa da saqarTveloSi Semosul

vizitorebs Soris, rac kidev erTxel metyvelebs im faqtze, rom

ramdenadac izrdeba aseTi saxis RonisZiebaTa raodenoba qveynis

farglebs gareT, aseve izrdeba qveyanaSi Semosul turistTa

raodenoba;

dadginda, qveynis xelisuflebis mier ucxoeTis saxelmwifoebSi

saqarTvelos turistuli imijis cnobadobis gazrdis mizniT

warmoebuli piar da marketinguli saqmianoba sakmaod warmatebulia,

Tumca dakvirvebam aCvena, rom socialur qselebSi, bolo wlebSi

xelisuflebis mier ganTavsebuli, qveynis turistuli imijis

xelSewyobisaTvis prioritetulad miCneuli sareklamo rgolebi ar

SeiZleba miCneuli iqnas, rogorc qveynis turistuli imijis

xelSemwyob, warmatebul RonisZiebad, rasac video rgolebis

mnaxvelebisa da gansakuTrebiT ki “mowonebebis” SesamCnevi simcire

adasturebs.

ruseTis mier okupirebuli, saqarTvelos konfliqturi regionebi

turistuli qveynis imijisaTvis mudmiv safrTxes warmoadgenen, rasac

ucxoeTis saxelmwifoebis veb-gverdebze saqarTvelos Sesaxeb ganTavsebuli

informaciebi adasturebs. samTavro uwyebebs saqarTvelos okupirebuli

regionebi wiTeli cirkulariT aqvT aRniSnuli, sadac isini saqarTveloSi

myof turistebs gamgzavrebas da nebismieri saxis gadaadgilebas

ukrZalaven. unda aRiniSnos, rom 2008 wlis agvistos omis Semdgom

aRniSnuli areali gafarTovda da amjerad “akrZalul teritoriebs” goris

CrdiloeTiT mdebare soflebi da 27-e saavtomobilo gzac daemata.

sazRvargareTis qveynebis sagareo uwyebebis veb-gverdebze ganTavsebuli

informaciebi gamoirCeva inerciulobiT, rogorc wesi swrafad ar xdeba

196

maTi Secvla da ganaxleba uaxlesi informaciiT. kvlevis Sedegad dadginda,

rom mniSvnelovani movlenebi, romelic adamianTa da pirvel rigSi

turistebis usafrTxoebas ukavSirdeba, rogoric aris magaliTad

teroristuli aqtebi, bunebrivi kataklizmebi, samxedro intervencia da a.S

msgavsi saxis informaciebi ufro swrafad vrceldeba da icvleba aRniSnul

veb-gverdebze, Tumca maTi ganaxleba da Secvla qveyanaSi mimdinare axali

da pozitiuri Sinaarsis informaciebiT drulad ar xdeba.

ucxoeTis saxelmwifoebis veb-gverdebis Seswavlis Sedegad gamoikveTa

saqarTvelos turistul imijze moqmedi negatiuri Strixebi, romlebic

saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mxridan dauyonebliv reagirebas saWiroeben, es

gaxlavT:

infrastruqturis Seusabamoba da arausafrTxoeba turistul

potencialTan; Cvens mier Seswavlili qveynebis TiTqmis yvela

oficialur veb-gverdze (safrangeTis sagareo saqmeTa saministros

garda) ukve ramodenime welia, rac ucvlelad devs informacia

qveyanaSi arsebul arasaxarbielo sagzao infrastruqturis,

(dazianebuli gzebi, sagzao niSnebis nakleboba) arausafrTxo sajaro

transportisa da aseve qarTveli mZRolebis mier avtomobilis

araprognozirebadi marTvis Sesaxeb. rogorc Cans, ucxoeTis qveynebis

sagareo uwyebebi dRemde ar aRniSnaven, rom saqarTvelos sagzao

infrastruqturaSi ganxorcielda mniSvnelovani dadebiTi cvlilebebi

da miaCniaT, rom Cveni qveyanis saavtomobilo gzebi ver akmayofilebs

dasavlur standartebs;

aradamakmayofilebeli usafrTxoebis done turistul seqtorSi, rac

gamowveulia regionebSi samaSvelo samsaxuris araqmediTunarianobiT

da simciriT. garda amisa, sakurorto turistul adgilebSi,

gansakuTrebiT ki maRalmTian regionebSi, seriozul problemas

warmoadgens pirveladi samedicino momsaxurebis miReba. es mkafiod

gamoikveTa TiTqmis yvela Seswavlili qveynis sagareo saqmeTa

saministros gverdze. miuxedavad imisa, rom bolo wlebSi

197

gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceva gzebis infrastruqturis

ganviTarebas, saqarTvelos turistuli TvalsazrisiT sruli

masStabiT asaTviseblad mainc kidev didi moculobis samuSaos

Catareba sWirdeba, Tumca gza mxolod avtomobiliT gadaadgilebas

rodi gulisxmobs, aucileblad unda iyos ganviTarebuli Sesabamisi

gzebis Tanmdebi infrastruqtura (sastumroebi, kempingebi, savaWro

qselebi, kvebis da higienis obieqtebi).

saxelmwifos pozitiuri turistuli imijisaTvis aucilebelia qveynis

infrastruqturis ganviTareba, ukeTesi misasvleli gzebi, advili

xelmisawvdomoba, komunikaciis maRali done da interent momsaxureba - es

is moTxovnaTa nawilobrivi CamonaTvalia, rac udavod gavlenas axdens

qveynis mimzidvel turistul imijze. imisaTvis, rom saqarTvelo

warmoadgendes mimzidvel qveyanas turistebisaTvis, aucilebelia, rom ufro

meti yuradReba daeTmos qveynis infrastruqturul ganviTarebas, romlis

mdgomareoba arcTu saxarbieloa ucxoeTis qveynebis oficialuri sagareo

uwyebebis mier gavrcelebul informaciebze dayrdnobiT. miuxedavad wina

xelisuflebis Zalisxmevisa, rogoric iyo centralur da turistul zonebSi

mimavali axali gzebis dageba Tu Catarebuli sarestavracio samuSaoebi, ukve

wlebia, rac TiTqmis yvela wamyvani qveynis sagareo uwyebis saitze dRemde

ucvlelia negatiuri Sinaarsis Semcveli informaciebi saqarTveloSi

gaumarTav da mZime mdgomareobaSi myofi saavtomobilo gzebis Sesaxeb,

romlebic maTi SefasebiT dazianebulia da SekeTebas saWiroebs, xolo

saavtomobilo gzebs aseve Zalian xSirad ara aqvT avto sagzao niSnebi, qveynis

sajaro satransporto sistema ki moZvelebuli, gaumarTavi da dReniadag

gadatvirTulia. swored aseTive uaryofiT Sefasebas aZleven isini qarTul

aviacias, romelic maTi SefasebiT ver akmayofilebs usafrTxoebis

saerTaSoriso standartebs, swored amitom, isini saqarTveloSi Camomsvlel

mogzaurebs sxva saerTaSoriso aviakompaniebis servisiT sargeblobas urCeven.

198

saqarTvelos turistuli seqtorisaTvis Zalzed mniSvnelovania, Tu

ra poziciebs ikavebs saerTaSoriso reitingebSi, romelsac gadawyvetilebis

miRebis dros, did yuradRebas aqceven rogorc ucxoeli investorebi, aseve

potenciuri turistebi. msoflio ekonomikuri formis mier gamoqveynebul

angariSTa Seswavlisas da saqarTvelos poziciebma turizmis saerTaSoriso

konkurentunarianobis kuTxiT, saSualeba mogvca, rom ufro mkafiod

dagvenaxa da realurad aRgveqa saqarTvelos turistuli imijis kuTxiT

arsebuli problemebi da gamowvevebi. Tu ras miaRwia am TvalsazrisiT

saqarTvelom, aRniSnul seqtorSi xelisuflebis mxridan romel sferos

esaWiroeba kidev ufro meti yuradReba da zogadad rogori mdgomareobaa

turizmis seqtorSi dRes. turizmis saerTaSoriso konkurentunarianobis

qveindeqsebSi saqarTvelos saukeTeso maCvenebeli „maregulirebel

CarCoebSi“ aRmoaCnda, sadac igi 30-e adgilzea 139-saxelmwifos Soris, rac

pirvel rigSi albaT qveynis aqtiuri reklamirebis Sedegia, romelsac 2006

wlidan dRemde saqarTvelos mTavroba, turizmis erovnuli administracia

da mTavrobis davalebiT sxvadasxva biznes struqturebi axorcielebdnen,

rac aseve nawilobriv gamoixateba sabiujeto saxsrebis gansakuTrebuli

aqcentrirebiT infrastruqturaze da aseve mTavrobis kampaniebiT turizmis

seqtorSi investorebis mosazidad.

mogzaurobisa da turizmis konkurentunarianobis kvleva cxadyofs,

rom saqarTveloSi erT-erT mTavar problemad am seqtoris ganviTarebis

TvalsazrisiT warmoadgens fasis konkurentunarianoba. saqarTveloSi

aqcenti ZiriTadad turistebis raodenobriv zrdaze keTdeba, rac

turistul konkurentunarianobas ar ganapirobebs, amas adasturebs

turizmis konkurentunarianobis reitingic, romlis mixedviTac,

infrastruqturis ganviTarebis doniT, saqarTvelo 140 qveynidan mxolod 80-

e adgilzea, rac imas niSnavs, rom vizitori, romelmac naxa saqarTveloze

reklama da misi gavleniT erTxel ewvia qveyanas, meored aq Camosvlaze

SesaZloa naklebad ifiqros, gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca Cvens qveyanas

regionSi sakmaod bevri konkurenti hyavs. rac Seexeba, “mogzaurobisa da

199

turizmis garemosa da infrastruqturas” rogorc subindeqss Tu

davakvirdebiT, aq SesaZloa iTqvas, rom stabiluri gaumjobesebaa, Tu ar

CavTvliT 2009 wels, romelic SeiZleba saqarTveloSi 2008 wlis agvistos

tragikuli movlenebis negatiuri gamoZaxili iyos. samwuxarod, aranairi

saxis gaumjobeseba ar aris “adamianuri kulturuli da bunebrivi

resursebis subindeqsSi: 2007 wels 31-poziciidan 2013 wlisTvis mdgomareoba

gauaresebulia 91-e poziciamde. Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom es maCvenebeli

ar aris korelirebuli zemoaRniSnul gaumojobesebTan. Tu “adamianuri

kapitalis” gauaresebuli maCvenebeli SeiZleba axsnili iqnas qveyanaSi

siRaribis maRali doniTa da mZime socialuri mdgomareobiT (me-7-e pozicia

2007 wels), 2013 wlisTvis ki “adamianuri kapitalis” gauaresebuli

maCvenebeli SeiZleba axsnili iqnas qveyanaSi siRaribis maRali doniTa da

mZime socialuri mdgomareobiT, Tumca gaugebari rCeba bunebrivi

resursebis maCveneblis gauareseba, rac SesaZloa gamowvuli iyos araswori

pirveladi monacemebiT, an Sefasebis meTodikis arasrulyofilebiT.

msoflios ekonomikuri forumis mier 2013 wels gamoqveynebuli turizmis

konkurentunarianobis reitingSi, saqarTvelos mier dakavebuli poziciebi

kidev erTxel cxadyofs, rom saqarTveloSi turizmis seqtorSi arsebuli

mdgomareoba wina 2009 da 2011 wlebTan SedarebiT 7 punqtiT gaumjobesda da

mniSvnelovnad uswrebs win kavkasionis regionis qveynebs. saqarTveloSi

erT-erT mTavar problemad am seqtoris ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT

warmoadgens turistuli infrastruqtura da fasis konkurentunarianoba.

saqarTveloSi aqcenti ZiriTadad turistebis raodenobriv zrdaze keTdeba,

Tumca, rogorc ukve avRniSneT turistebis raodenobis zrda turistul

konkurentunarianobas sulac ar ganapirobebs. amas adasturebs turizmis

konkurentunarianobis reitingic, romlis mixedviTac, saqarTvelos yvelaze

dabali maCvenebeli infrastruqturis ganviTarebis pilarSi aqvs, kerZod ki

sahaero infrastruqturaSi: aviabileTebze maRali fasi, restornebsa da

sastumroebSi ZviradRirebuli momsaxureba dabali xarisxis servisis

pirobebSi. Tumca unda vivaraudoT, rom sabiujeto aviaxazebis zrdasTan

200

erTad, saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso sazRvao kruizebis marSrutebSi

CarTvasaTan da Sesabamisi turistuli infrastruqturis SeqmnasTan erTad

saqarTveloSi turistuli seqtori ufro konkurentunariani gaxdeba, xolo

fasebi ki Semcirdeba. qveynis ekonomikis ganviTarebis am rTul etapze

turistul industriaSi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania turproduqtis

fasisa da xarisxis iseTi Sefardeba, romelic konkurentunarians gaxdis

mas, rogorc adgilobriv, aseve uaxloesi mezobeli qveynebis bazrebze da

rac mTavaria konkurencias gauwevs TurqeTs, romelic turizmis

ganviTarebis kuTxiT ukve wlebia lideria regionSi. saqarTvelom, romelic

msoflio turistuli gigantis TurqeTis mezobeli saxelmwifoa, gacilebiT

meti unda ifiqros, Tu ra SesTavazos sakuTar turistebs, romelic Cvengan

gansxvavebiT momxmarebels servisis maRal xarisxsa da dabal fass sTavazobs,

swored am momgebiani kombinaciis wyalobiT araTu ucxoeli, xSirad qarTveli

damsvenebelic ki arCevans mezobeli TurqeTis iafi da komfortuli

kurortebis sasargeblod akeTebs, rac kidev erTxel naTlad gamoCnda internet

sait Trip Advisor-is forumze saqarTveloSi turistuli turebis Sesaxeb

gakeTebul komentarebSi, rodesac evropeli turistebi saqarTveloSi

organizebuli turebis maRal fasebze saubrobdnen.

xelisuflebis mxridan ganxorcielebul araerT warmatebul

reformasTan erTad, romelic saqarTveloSi am seqtoris xelSewyobisaTvis

gatarda, amave mizans emsaxureboda 2009 wels miRebuli gadawyvetileba

savizo reJimis gauqmebasTan dakavSirebiT msoflios 118 saxelmwifosTan.

samwuxarod, am politikam didi safrTxis qveS daayena qveyana, radgan

saqarTveloSi seriozul maCvenebels miaRwia sxvadasxva qveynebidan

Camosulma SromiTma migrantebma, romlebic sakuTari qveynis mZime

socialur da ekonomikur mdgomareobas gamoeqcnen da cxovreba da

damkvidreba saqarTveloSi gadawyvites. cnobilia, rom usafrTxoeba

daiyvaneba erovnul usafrTxoebamde, romelic ganisazRvreba, rogorc

sakanonmdeblo, konstituciuri da praqtikuli zomebiT garantirebuli

201

daculoba da saxelmwifos erovnuli interesebis uzrunvelyofa. amasTan

erTad, ekonomikuri usafrTxoebis qveS moiazreba dargisa da misi

monawileebis interesebis gare da Sida safrTxeebisagan daculoba.

turizms, rogorc ekonomikis dards ganviTarebisaTvis stimulirebis garda,

esaWiroeba usafrTxoeba da rogorc Cans, axali xelisufleba

garkveulwilad acnobierebs saqarTvelos winaSe arsebul im seriozul risk-

faqtorebs, rac savizo reJimis maqsimaluri liberalizaciis politikas

axlavs Tan, radgan ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom saqarTvelo patara qveyanaa

da masobrivi turizmis ganviTarebam qveyanas SesaZloa ufro meti ziani

moutans, vidre es SemosavlebiT SesaZlebelia miviRoT. swored amitom

misasalmebelia axali xelisuflebis inciativa savizo reJimis

gadaxedvasTan dakavSirebiT.

რekomendaciebi

sadisertacio naSromSi gamoyenebuli wyaroebis moZiebis, maTi

Seswavlisa da kvlevis Sedegad miRebuli Sedegebis safuZvelze migvaCnia, rom

saqarTvelos pozitiuri turistuli imijis formirebisaTvis aucilebelia

garkveuli saxis rekomendaciebi SevTavazoT saqarTvelos xelisuflebas,

swored erT-erTi aseTi mTavari faqtori, rasac aucileblad unda mieqces

yuradReba gaxlavT:

informaciuli uzrunvelyofa – aucilebelia msoflios masStabiT

saqarTvelos Sesaxeb turistuli informaciis gavrceleba, am miznis miRweva ki

mxolod srulyofili integrirebuli marketinguli komunikaciis saSualebiT

miiRweva. turizmis bazarze sworad gaTvlili da dagegmili marketinguli

strategia warmatebis mTavari garantiaa, Tumca imisaTvis, rom moxdes

202

marketingis baziseuli elementebis efeturi gamoyeneba, amisaTvis aucilebelia

seriozuli mosamzadebeli samuSaoebis Catareba da yovlismomcveli

marketinguli kvlevebis safuZvelze Sesabamisi strategiis SemuSaveba da

danergva.

Mgzavroba da gadaadgileba qveynis SigniT - turistuli gadaadgilebebi

erT-erTi mniSvnelovani elementia turistul industriaSi. saqarTvelos am

mxriv xelsayreli geografiuli mdebareoba gaaCnia, rac xels uwyobs

ZiriTadi amocanis realizebas gaxdes qveyana xelmisawvdomi ucxoeli

turistebisaTvis. amisaTvis ki aucilebelia mTeli rigi RonisZiebebis

gatareba. upirvelesad, aucilebelia Seiqmnas pirobebi saaviacio

gadazidvebis bazarze konkurentunariani aviakompaniebis

funqcionirebisaTvis, amaRldes frenis saimedoba da mgzavrTa

mimarTulebebis xarisxi.

ucxoeTis qveynebis oficialuri uwyebebis veb–gverdebze ganTavsebuli

masalebis safuZvelze vgebulobT, rom saqarTveloSi sagzao infrastruqtura

umZimess mdgomareobaSi imyofeba, xolo interent sait Trip Advisor-is forumis

mixedviT, saqarTveloSi ucxoeli turistebis mTavari kiTxva da problema

qveynis SigniT gadaadgileba warmoadgens. swored amitom, aucilebelia, rom

kvlav gagrZeldes muSaoba, rogorc gzebis mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis

TvalsazrisiT, aseve yuradReba unda gamaxvildes Tanmdevi infrastruqturis

Seqmnasa da gzebze, raTa maqsimalurad iqnas daculi, rogorc adgilobrivi

mosaxleobis, aseve turistebis usafrTxoeba. gzebis gamarTvasTan erTad

saerTaSoriso standartebTan Sesabamisobis miRwevis mizniT aucilebelia

maTi keTilmowyoba (sagzao niSnebi, sainformacio banerebi, damcavi jebirebi,

zvavsawinaaRmdego konstruqciebi, avariuli damuxruWebis Cixebi da a.S).

aucilebelia sagzao sistemis gaumjobeseba maRalmTian da SedarebiT

rTulad misadgom adgilebSi, radgan turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis

mniSvnelovani potenciali swored maRalmTian regionebSia Tavmoyrili.

Cvens mier Seswavlili saxelmwifoebis oficialuri uwyebebis saitebze

203

vxdebiT informacias, romelic saqarTvelos turistul zonaSi ucxoeli

turistebis mimarT pirveladi daxmarebis aRmoCenis problemas Seexeboda,

swored amitom, mniSvnelovania, rom Seiqmnas pirveladi daxmarebis

samedicino momsaxurebis punqtebis qseli qveynis mTel teritoriaze.

usafrTxoeba – kvlevis Sedegad dadgina, rom bolo wlebSi

saerTaSoriso asparezze mniSvnelovnad gaizarda turistebisaTvis

saqarTvelos, rogorc usafrTxo qveynad aRqma, swored amitom aucilebelia,

rom maqsimalurad SenarCunebuli da ufro metad iqnas gaumjobesebuli

usafrTxoebis mdgomareoba qveyanaSi. saqarTvelos xelisuflebam unda

SeimuSaos axali kanonmdebloba, SemoiRos axali pirobebi sxvadasxva

turistul adgilebze, raTa uzrunvelyos turistebis dacva da

usafrTxoeba. saWiroa, rom saxelmwifom damatebiTi usafrTxoebis dacvis

garantiebi SeimuSavos Camosuli ucxoeli moqalaqeebisaTvis, radgan

rogorc wesi, rodesac gansakuTrebuli usafrTxoebis dacvis garantiebi

moqmedebs qveyanaSi, igi udavod zrdis turistebis ndobasa da reitings am

qveynis mimarT.

misasalmebeli iqneba aseve turizmis uzrunvelyofis samsaxuris Seqmnis

idea, romlis mizans, da mTavar funqcias qveynis masStabiT turistul

obieqtebSi momsaxurebis sferos gaumjobeseba unda warmoadgendes.

aucileblia, rom gacilebiT ufro meti yuradReba daeTmos qveynis masStabiT

maRali turistuli momsaxurebis xarisxis uzrunvelyofas, radgan aris

araerTi magaliTi da SemTxveva, rodesac momsaxurebis, servisis xarisxiT

ukmayofilo turisti ganawyenebuli tovebs qveyanas, swored amitom

aradamakmayofilebeli servisis done aucileblad erTgvar uaryofiT

asaxvas hpovebs turistul imijze. aseve mniSvnelovania, rom Seiqmnas

xarisxis niSnis organizebis baza, romelic udavod gazrdis qveyanaSi

konkurencias sxvadasxva saxis turistul obieqtebs Soris da aswevs maRla

turistuli servisis dones saqarTveloSi. vfiqrobT, rom saintereso iqneba

turizmis sferoSi internet maRaziebis msgavsi veb-gverdebis Seqmna, romlis

204

daxmarebiTac turistebs SeeZlebaT SearCion SeTavazebebi sxvadasxva

turistuli organizaciebidan da sastumroebidan, aRniSnuli iniciativa ki

aucileblad Seuwyobs xels qarTuli turistuli brendis popularizacias.

rogorc ukve avRniSneT, turizmis zrda Cveni qveynis erT-erTi

mamoZravebeli Zala unda gaxdes, radgan saqarTvelos umniSvnelovanesi

upiratesoba is aris, rom mis turistuli potenciali sakmaod

mravalferovania. saTavgadasavlo, romelic viTardeba, kulturuli da

religiuri, romelic aseve popularobiT sargeblobs, dasvenebis, sadac

sakmaod mZafr konkurenciaSi varT regionSi, agroturizmi, romelic mwiri

fermeruli meurneobebis fonze ganuviTarebelia, samkurnalo, sadac bevri

mimarTuleba auTvisebelia da samonadireo, sadac sakmaod didi

SesaZleblobebia. saWiroa am sferos diversificireba da TiToeuli

maTganis ganviTarebisTvis swori strategiis SemuSaveba. bolos wlebSi

turizmis sferoSi saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mier Seqmnili da gatarebuli

mravali iniciativisa da proeqtis miuxedavad, aucilebelia, rom ufro meti

yuradReba daeTmos saqarTveloSi turizmis sferoSi Semdegi mimarTulebebis

daxvewasa da gadaxalisebas, romlis mimarT mzardi interesi igrZnoba Trip

Advisor-is internet forumze saqarTveloSi Camosvlis msurveli turistebis

mxridan.

saintereso iqneboda religiuri turizmis ganviTareba da xelSewyoba

saqarTveloSi, am kuTxiT religiuri da piligrimuli turebis organizeba, rac

momlocvelTa turistuli marSutebis, biuletenebis, internet - gverdebis

Seqmnas da aseve eklesia monastrebTan momlocvleTa saxlebis da religiuri

turizmis sainformacio centrebis Seqmnas gulisxmobs. am mimarTulebiT

saqarTveloSi Camosul stumarTa xelSewyobisaTvis aucilebeli iqneba mWidro

TanamSromloba saqarTvelos sapatriarqosTan.

saqarTveloSi turizmis mravali mimarTulebis da saxeobis ganviTarebis

didi potenciali arsebobs, swored maT Soris Sedis Rvinis turizmic. rogorc

cnobilia saqarTvelo 300-mde endemuri yurZnis jiSis saxeobas iTvlis da

205

igrZnoba ucxoeli turistebis Camosvlis mZafri interesi qarTuli Rvinis

mimarT. miuxedavad amisa, samwuxarod Rvinis turizmis gaurkveveli koncefciis

da Sesabamiss dargSi arakompetenturi specialistebis mier SemuSavebuli

araswori strategiis gamo dRemde ver moxerxda turizmis am dargis ganviTareba

Cvens qveyanaSi. dRes aseTi turizmi evropis mraval saxelmwifoSi arsebobs da

uamrav turists iTvlis. Zalian saintereso da nayofieri iyo proeqti

„saqarTvelo, Rvinis gzis“ idea, romelsac aucileblad sWirdeba gagrZeleba da

kidev ufro meti konkretul Sedegebze orietirebuli muSaoba.

saTamaSo turizmi – miuxedavad imisa, rom Cvens qveyanaSi aRniSnuli Temis

irgvliv atexili diskusia – debatebi dRemde ar kargavs aqtualobas,

saqarTvelos SeuZlia seriozuli niSa daimkvidros saTamaSo turizmis

sferoSi kavkasiis regionSi. gamomdinare iqidan, rom saqarTvelo musulmanur

saxelmwifoebs esazRvreba, sadac sakanonmdeblo doneze akrZalulia

samorineebis arseboba, xolo moTxovna ki am qveynebSi yovelwliurad mzardia,

swored amitom, saqarTvelom aucileblad unda gamoiyenos es SesaZlebloba

Savi zRvispireTSi. Tumca seriozuli biznesis doneze mis asayvanad, upirveles

yovlisa aucilebelia Sesabamisi infrastruqturis ganviTareba Tanmxleb

dasasvenebel – gasarTob infrastruqturasTan erTad, romelsac aucileblad

esaWiroeba efeqturi reklama qveynis sazRvrebs gareT.

turistuli imijis marTvisa da arsebuli krizisebiT gamowveuli

uaryofiTi Sedegebis Sesamsubuqeblad, qveynis xelisuflebas esaWiroeba

meti gulwrfeloba da realuri xedva politikuri strategiis SemuSavebis

procesSi, razec xSirad zegavlenas axdens gare politikuri, socialuri

da ekonomikuri faqtorebi. amitom sul ufro da ufro didi mniSvneloba

eniWeba uaryofiTi movlenebis swor xedvasa da analizss, raTa realurad

moxdes am problemebis gacnobiereba.

politikurma arastabilurobam da arausafrTxo garemom qveyanaSi

SeiZleba xeli Seuwyos ucxo qveynis moqalaqeebSi konkretuli saxelmwifos

„sarisko qveynad“ aRqmas, rasac avstraliis sagareo uwyebis saitze

206

saqarTvelosTan mimarTebaSi vxvdebodiT oriode wlis win, romelic ra

Tqma unda erTgvar uaryofiT gavlenas axdenda turistis gadawyvetilebaze

da seriozul zians ayenebda Cveni qveynis usafrTxo imijs. usafrTxoebis

problema qveyanaSi qmnis uayofiT reklamas, romlis Sedegebma SeiZleba

fatalurad imoqmedos da Seamciros Camosul turistTa maCvenebeli.

TviToeuli turistuli qveynis politikosma adeqvaturad unda

gaacnobieros politikuri arastabilurobis aRqma. politikuri

arastabiluroba pirdapir uwyobs xels qveynis anarqiuli imijis

warmoSobas, rac Sesabamisad xels uSlis qveynis infrastruqturisa da

ekonomikur ganviTarebas, risi ararsebobis SemTxvevaSic turistebi

uayofiTad aRiqvaven aseT qveyanas. xelisuflebas, turistuli momsaxurebis

provaiderebs da qveynis mosaxleobas sWirdebaT, rom adeqvaturad

gaacnobieron qveynis uaryofiTi imijis Strixebi da Sesabamisad Seecadon

politikuri atmosferosa da politikuri kulturis koreqtirebas. kargi

komunikacia efuZneba patiosnebisa da gamWvirvalobis principebs, iseve

rogorc krizisis marTvisaTvis komunikaciebi, ganviTareba, usafrTxoeba da

bazris kvleva gaxlavT warmatebuli strategiis umniSvnelovanesi gasaRebi.

imisaTvis, rom moxdes am miznebis realizeba da maTi sisruleSi moyvana,

aucilebelia, rom qveyanam SeimuSaos saxelmwifo imijis ganviTarebis

strategia da wamoiwyos agresiuli politikuri marketingi sxva

saxelmwifoebSi, romelic erT-erTi mTavari faqtoria Tanamedrove

saxelmwifos warmatebuli ganviTarebisaTvis.

207

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216

danarTi N 1

saqarTvelos turizmis erovnuli administraciis mier mowodebuli

masalebi

2006 wels saqarTvelos monawileoba saerTaSoriso turistul gamofena –

bazrobebSi

10-15.01 – niderlandebi, utrexi “Vakantiebeurs”

19-22.01 fineTi, helsinki – Matka 2006

18-20.02 israeli, Telavivi – I.T.M 2006

25-27.02 avstria vena, samonadireo turizmis gamofena

8-12. 03. germania, berlini – ITB 2006

16.03-20.03 safrangeTi, parizi

27-31.03 ukraina, kievi – UITT 2006

19 -21.04 azerbaijani, baqo – AITF 2006

30-31.05 germania frangfurti – IMX 2006

24-27.05 somxeTi, erevani – CTS 2006

6-15.09 aSS, orleani – The Trade Show

10-15.09 CineTi, hon-kongi – Pata 2006

20-27.09 iaponia, tokio – Jata 2006

20-24.09 poloneTi, varSava – TT Warsaw

9-13.10 ukraina, kievi 2006

9-13.10 italia, neapoli - Seatrademed

24-29.10 Sveicaria, montriu - TTW

4-8.11 inglisi, londoni - WTM

14-19.11 saberZneTi soloniki “filoqsenia”.

217

xolo 2007 wels ki saqarTvelom Semdeg saerTaSoriso – gamofenebSi miiRo

monawileoba:

12-15 ianvari-aSS, niuorki – Adventures 2007

17-22 ianvari - fineTi, helsinki – Matka 2007

29.01-05.02 espaneTi, madridi – Fitur 2007

7.02-13.02 latvia, rika – alttour 2007

14.02-18.02 TurqeTi, stambuli – EMITT 2007

07.03-09.03 germnai, berlini ITB 2007

22.03-26.03. SvedeTi, gotenburgi – TOUR 2007

22.03-01.04 ukraina, kievi UITT 2007

15.04-21.04 azerbaijani, baqo AITF 2007

11-19.09 iaponia, tokioSi Jata 2007

11-12.10. ukraina, kievi – ukraina 2007

10-17.11 inglisi, londoni – WTM

2008 wels saqarTvelom monawileoba miiRo mxolod 9 RonisZiebaSi:

6.11–16.11 inglisi, londoni – WTM 2008

6.05–9.05 dubai - Arabian Travel Market 2008

29.03–30.03 amerika, vaSingtoni Adventures 2008

25.03–30.03 ukraina, kievi UITT 2008

19.03–22.03 ruseTi, moskovi MITT 2008

3.03–10.03 germania, berlini ITB 2008

11.03–18.03 safrangeTi, parizi MAP La Monde a Pariz

4.02–7.02 israeli, Telavivi - IMTM 2008

31.01–5.02 holandia, amstredami - Biking and Walking 2008

2011 wels saqarTvelo saprezentacio stendiT warmodgenili iyo Semdeg

saerTaSoriso turistul gamofenebSi:

VACANTIEBEURS (utrexti, niderlandebi)

FITUR (madridi, espaneTi)

BALTOUR (riga, latvia)

218

IMTM (Tel avivi, israeli)

ITB (berlini, germania)

HT&TIE (Teirani, irani)

TOUREST (talini, estoneTi)

UITT (kievi, ukraina)

CRUISS, SHIPPING MIAMI (maiami, aSS)

GTF (saqarTvelo, Tbilisi)

KITF (yazaxeTi, alma ata)

ATM (arabTa gaerTianebuli saemiroebi, dubai)

JATA (iaponia, tokio)

TTW (poloneTi, varSava)

ASTANA LEISURE (yazaxeTi, astana)

WTM (didi britaneTi, londoni)

EIBTM (didi britaneTi, londoni)

2012 wels saqarTvelo ganaxlebuli stendiT da axali marketinguli

koncefciiT warmodgenili iyo 26 saerTaSoriso turistul gamofenaSi:

Sveicaria (lozana – Comptoir Suisse) 14-24 seqtemberi

aSS (las-vegasSi Hunting Fair) 1-4 Tebervali

aSS (los-anjelesi The Trade Show) 7-9 seqtemberi;

didi britaneTi (londoni Wine Raw) 20-21 maisi

germania (frankfurti IMEX) 22-24 maisi

safrangeTi (strasburgi European Fair of Strasbourg) 7 – 17 seqtemberi

niderlandebi (utrexti Vacantiebeurs) 10-15 ianvari

fineTi (helsinki MATKA ) 19-22 ianvari

espaneTi (madridi FITUR) 18-22 ianvari

latvia (riga Balttur) 10 – 12 Tebervali

israeli (Telavivi IMTM) 12 – 15 Tebervali

italia (milani BIT) 16 – 19 Tebervali

estoneTi (talini TOUREST) 17 – 19 Tebervali

219

TurqeTi (stamboli EMITT) 9 – 12 Tebervali

germania (berlini ITB) 7 – 11 marti

ukraina (kievi UITT) 28 – 30 marti

aSS (maiami Cruise and Shipping Miami) 12 – 15 marti

yazaxeTi (alma – ata KITF) 25 – 27 aprili

azerbaijani (baqo AITF) 12 – 14 aprili

arabeTis gaerTianebuli emiratebi (dubai ATM) 30 aprili – 3 maisi

saqarTvelos (baTumi Batumi Expo) 4 – 6 maisi

safrangeTi (parizi Top Resa) 18 – 21 seqtemberi

iaponia (tokio JATA) 20 23 seqtemberi

poloneTi (varSava TT Warsaw) 27 – 29 seqtemberi

didi britaneTi (londoni WTM) 5 -8 neomberi

espaneTi (barselona EIBTM) 27 – 29 noemberi

2012 wels Catarda 23 pres turi da gacnobiTi turi:

poloneli friraiderebis gacnobiTi turi 25 Tebervali – 5 marti

amerikeli Jurnalistebis pres – turi 16 – 23 marti

belgieli turoperatorebis gacnobiTi turi 16 – 23 Tebervali

indoeli turoperatorebis gacnobiTi turi 2 – 6 Tebervali

ebraeli Jurnalistebis pres – turi 22 – 29 marti

kombinirebuli 24 kacinia gacnobiTi turi 4 – 5 Tebervali

rusi Jurnalistebis pres turi 1 – 15 Tebervali

filipineli turoperatorebis gacnobiTi turi 23 – 27 marti

rusi turoperatorebisa da Jurnalistebis kombinirebuli turi 4 – 11

maisi

britaneli Jurnalistebis pres turi 31 marti – 4 aprili

ebraeli Jurnalistebis pres turi 16 – 21 ivnisi

iaponeli Jurnalistebis pres – turi 13 – 28 ivnisi

yazaxi Jurnalistebis pres – turi 15 – 21 ivnisi

rusi blogrebis pres – turi 1- 4 ivnisi

veloturi Don’t worry be healthy 1 – 4 ivnisi

220

ukraineli Jurnalistebis pres – turi 25 aprili

indoeli turoperatrebis gacnobiTi turi 3 – 12 aprili

indoeli Jurnalistebis pres – turi 21 – 28 ivnisi

iaponeli (sumis proeqti) Jurnalistebis pres – turi 8 – 11 maisi

Cineli Jurnalistebis pres – turi 10 – 14 ivnisi

latvieli Jurnalistebis pres – turi 28 agvisto – 4 seqtemberi

poloneli Jurnalistebis pres – turi 12 – 18 ivlisi

amerikeli Jurnalsitebis pres – turi 10 seqtemebri

beneluqsisa da baltiispireTis turoperatorebis gacnobiTi turi 28

ivlisi 2 agvisto

amerikeli Jurnalistebis gacnobiTi turi 22- 30 seqtemberi

holandieli Jurnalistebis gacnobiTi turi 17 – 23 seqtemberi

germaneli Jurnalistebis pres – turi 29 Tebervali – 9 marti

2013 wels saqarTvelom monawileoba miiRo aT saerTaSoriso gamofenaSi:

1. 24 ianvari – 27 ianvari EMITT stamboli, TurqeTi, proeqtis saSualo

biujeti Seadgenda 67 422 lars

2. 30 ianvridan – 3 Tebervlamde FITUR madridi, espaneTi; saSualo biujeti

127 016 lari

3. 5 Tebervlidan – 6 Tebervlamde IMTM Telavivi, israeli, saSualo biujeti

92 182 aTasi;

4. 6 martidan 10 martamde ITB berlini, germania; saSualo biujeti 150 000

lari

5. 27 martidan 29 martamde UITT kievi, ukrainia, saSualo biujeti 100 000

lari

6. 4 aprilidan – 6 aprilamde AITF baqo, azerbaijani, saSualo biujeti 63 396

lari

7. 24 aprilidan – 26 aprilamde KITF almaata, yazaxeTi, saSualo biujeti 86

016 lari

8. 16 oqtombridan – 19 oqtombramde Tour salon poznani, poloneTi, saSualo

biujeti 87 476 lari

221

9. 4 noembridan 7 noembramde WTM londoni, inglisi; saSualo biujeti 300

000 lari

10.19 noembridan 21 noembramde EIBTM barselona, espaneTi; saSualo biujeti

200 000 lari

Cvens mier Seswavlili saxelmwifoebis samTavrobo veb-gverdebze

saqarTvelos Sesaxeb ganTavsebul informaciaTa Sinaarsis dinamika

01234

დიდი ბრიტანეთიუარყოფითი ინფორმაცია

2006 -20082009-20102011-2013

00.5

11.5

2

აშშდადებითი ინფორმაცია

2006 -2008

2009-2010

2001-2013

222

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აშშუარყოფითიინფორმაცია

2006 -2008

2009-2010

2001-2013

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11.5

2

ავსტრალიაუარყოფითიინფორმაცია

2006 -2008

2009-2010

2001-2013

223

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1

ავსტრალიადადებითიინფორმაცია

2006 -2008

2009-2010

2001-2013

00.20.40.60.8

11.21.41.61.8

2

საფრანგეთის რესპუბლიკაუარყოფითი ინფორმაცია

2006 -2008

2009-2010

2001-2013

224

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11.5

22.5

3

საფრანგეთისრესპუბლიკადადებითიინფორმაცია

2006 -2008

2009-2010

2001-2013

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2006 -2008

2009-2010

2001-2012

2013

225

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კანადადადებითი ინფორმაცია

2006 -2008

2009-2010

2001-2012

2013

226

danarTi 3

ucxo qveynis moqalaqeebis vizitebis raodenobebis SedarebiTi

grafiki Tveebis mixedviT 2006-2014 ww

wyaro: Sss-os sainformacio-analitikuri departamenti, “saq-os sazRvarze

gadaadgilebul vizitorTa statistikuri monacemebi”, 2004-2014 ww

227

danarTi N 4

turizmis saerTaSoriso konkurentunarianoba msoflio ekonomikuri

forumis reitingSi

qveynebis gradacia efuZneba mogzaurobisa da turizmis

konkurentunarianobis indeqss, romelic msoflios 124 qveyanas moicavs.

rogorc ukve avRniSneT, indeqsi afasebs im faqtorebsa da politikas,

romelic mimzidvels xdis mogzaurobisa da turizmis seqtoris

ganviTarebas sxvadasxva qveyanaSi. turistuli imijis Sefasebisas

gamoyenebuli iqna qvemoT mocemuli 13 faqtori:

1. politikis wesebi da regulaciebi;

2. garemos maregulirebeli wesi;

3. daculoba da usafrTxoeba;

4. janmrTeloba da higiena;

5. mogzaurobisa da turizmis prioritetuloba;

6. sahaero transportis infrastruqtura;

7. saxmeleTo transportis infrastruqtura

8. turistuli infrastruqtura;

9. internet – sakomunikacio infrastruqtura;

10. fasis konkurentunarianoba;

11. adamianuri kapitali;

12. turizmisadmi saxelmwifos damokidebuleba;

13. bunebrivi da kulturuli resursebi.

Tumca aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom 2008 wels es gradacia Seicvala da

13–idan indikatoramde 14-mde gaizarda, amjerad Sefasebis sistemaSi

bunebrivi da kulturuli resursebi cal–calke Sevida. mogzaurobisa da

turizmis konkurentunarianobis indeqsi kompleqsuria da moicavs 3

228

qveindeqss, maTSi Semaval 14 pilars da pilarebSi Semaval 75 indikators.

aRniSnul subindeqsebSi Sedis:

turizmis sferos regulacia;

biznesgaremo da infrastruqtura;

adamianuri, kulturuli da bunebrivi resursebi.

pirveli subindeqsi moicavs im elementebs, romlebic politikasTan da

zogadad xelisuflebis saqmianobis kompetenciasTan aris dakavSirebuli

(politikis wesebi da regulacia, garemos regulireba, usafrTxoeba,

turizmisa da mogzaurobis prioritetuloba, savizo reJimi, dro biznesis

dasawyebad);

meore subindeqsi moicavs TviTeuli qveynis infrastruqturasa da

biznes garemos (sahaero transporti, saxmeleTo transporti, turistuli

infrastruqtura, internet-sakomunikacio teqnologiebis infrastruqtura

da fasis konkurentunarianoba);

mesame subindeqsi moicavs adamianur da kulturul elementebs

TviToeuli qveynis resursidan (adamianuri kapitali, erovnuli

damokidebuleba turizmis mimarT da bunebrivi da kulturuli resursebi).

TviToeuli sveti ki Sedgeba ramdenime indikatorisagan.

ganvixiloT TviToeul qveindeqsSi Semavali pilarTagani. politikis

ganmsazRvreli kanonebi da regulireba – eyrdnoba da gamoiyeneba imdenad,

ramdenadac politikuri garemo xels uwyobs mogzaurobisa da turizmis

seqtoris ganviTarebas TviToeul saxelmwifoSi. qveynis xelisuflebas

SeuZlia mniSvnelovani gavlena moaxdinos am seqtoris mimzidvelobis

xelSewyobis kuTxiT, rac damokidebulia im politikaze, romelsac igi

atarebs da awesebs an sulac romliTac xels uSlis aRniSnuli seqtoris

ganviTarebas. zogjer politikam SeiZleba sruliad sapirispiro Sedegi

iqonios, anu man SesaZloa wiTeli zolis roli Seasrulos da seriozuli

dabrkolebebi warmoSvas. amdenad miiReba sruliad sapirispiro Sedegebi,

vidre es miznad iyo dasaxuli. mocemul qveindeqsSi izomeba, Tu ramdenad

aris miRebuli qveynis mier da ramdenad ewyoba xeli pirdapiri ucxouri

229

investiciebis Semosvlasa da maT ucxoel mesakuTreebs qveyanaSi, ramdenad

kargad aris daculi mesakuTris uflebebi, dro da Rirebuleba biznesis

Sesaqmnelad. aq aseve izomeba, Tu ramdenad martivia moqmedi savizo reJimi

vizitorebisaTvis qveyanaSi Semosasvlelad da rogoria ormxrivi sahaero

xelSekrulebis Riaoba, romelsac qveynis xelisufleba sxva qveynebTan

erTad uerTdeba. aSkaraa, rom politika aZlierebs garemos mdgrad

ganviTarebas, romelic gadamwyvet rols TamaSobs imaSi, rom qveyanam

SeZlos, gaagrZelos da uzrunvelyos sakuTari turistuli mimzidveloba

momavalSi. am pilarSi izomeba TviToeul saxelmwifoSi qveynis

xelisuflebis mier gatarebul garemos is maregulirebeli wesebi, romelic

maT aamoqmedes. garda amisa, aRniSnuli pilari moicavs ramdenime

mniSvnelovan, bunebriv garemosTan dakavSirebul garemosdacviT Sedegebs,

maT Soris naxSiroJangs, gamosxivebas, riskis qveS myofi saxeobebis

procentulobas qveyanaSi.

adamianuri resursebis xarisxi turizmis konkurentunarianobis

indeqsSi igi erT-erT indikators warmoadgens. CvenTvis cnobilia, rom rac

ufro maRalia kadris kompetencia, miT ufro izrdeba am aqtivis

Rirebulebac. aRniSnuli pilari iTavliswinebs jandacvisa da ganaTlebis

sferoSi momuSave kadrebis momzadebis dones da qmnis or specialur

qvesvets. ganaTlebisa da momzadebis qveindeqsi zomavs xarisxiani

ganaTlebis sistemas TviToeul qveyanaSi (pirveladi da saSualo),

romlebic saqmiani sazogadoebis mier aris Sefasebuli. formaluri

ganaTlebis sistemis garda, mxedvelobaSi miiReba kerZo seqtoric,

romlebic aqtiurad arian CarTulni da uzrunvelyofen adamianuri

resursebis donis amaRlebas, maT Soris specialuri treining momsaxurebiT

da aseve kompaniebis mier kadrebis momzadebiT. kvalificiuri Sromis

xelmisawvdomobis sazomi qveindeqsi iTvaliswinebs samuSao Zalis

daqiravebisa da gamowvevis regulaciebsa da Seferxebebis xarisxs qveyanaSi,

aseve qveynis Sromis Sinagan wess, romelic metyvelebs imaze, Tu ramdenad

martivia ucxo samuSao Zalis daqiraveba qveynisaTvis. swored amave pilarSi

230

Sedis samuSao Zalis janmrTelobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi,

magaliTad, Tu rogoria mosaxleobis saerTo sicocxlis xangrZlivoba

qveyanaSi.

mogzaurobisa da turizmisadmi erovnuli damokidebuleba zomavs, Tu

ramdenad Ria da gaxsnilia qveyana da misi sazogadoeba ucxoeli

turistebis mimarT. aSkaraa, rom saerTo gaxsniloba mosaxleobisa

mogzaurTa da ucxoel turistTa mimarT mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens

turizmisa da mogzaurobis konkurentunarianobaze. kerZod, isini zomaven

erovnuli mosaxleobis qcevas ucxoeli mogzaurebis mimarT, aseve, Tu

ramdenad amyareben mniSvnelovan saqmian kontraqtebsa da ra saxis

rekomendaciebs sTavazoben biznesmenebi TavianT qveyanaSi dasvenebisa da

mogzaurobis mizniT. turizmis Riaobis Sefaseba aseve (turizmis xarjebisa

da Semosavlebis procentuli maCvenebli mSp) gamoyenebiTac xorcieldeba.

aSkaraa, rom bunebrivi resursebi mniSvnelovan faqtorad udevs

turizmisa da mogzaurobis konkurentunarianobas. qveynebs, romlebTac

SeuZliaT SesTavazon mogzaurebs xelmisawvdomoba bunebriv aqtivebTan, am

faqts aSkara konkurentuli upiratesoba gaaCnia. am pilarSi Sesulia

xelisuflebis mier gatarebuli mTeli rigi garemos mimzidvelobiTi

RonisZiebebi da aqtivobebi, aseve bunebrivi garemos xarisxi, mdidari fauna

qveyanaSi. xdeba saerTo cnobil cxovelTa jiSebisa raodenobisa da

teritoriebis daculobis procentulobis gazomva.

mogzaurobisa da turizmis konkurentunarianobis Sefasebis 14

pilarSi qveynis gankargulebaSi arsebuli kulturuli resursebi

mniSvnelovan adgils ikavebs, rogorc turizmisa da mogzaurobis

konkurentunarianobis mamoZravebeli mTavari birTvi. aRniSnul pilarSi

izomeba qveynis kulturuli memkvidreoba (konkretuli qveynis ZeglTa

ricxvi, romlebic Sesulni arian iuneskos msoflio kulturuli

memkvidreobis nusxaSi), sportuli stadionebis adgilis moculoba da

SesaZleblobebi, aseve saerTaSoriso gamofenebisa da bazrobebis raodenoba

qveyanaSi.

231

yvela qveynis indeqsis Sedgena xdeba rigi pirobebis SedarebiT, maS

Soris qveynis kanonmdeblobis mdgradobiT, garemos dacvis, jandacvis,

higienis normebis dacvis, mogzaurobisa da turizmis prioritetebis,

saaviacio infrastruqturisa da saxmeleTo transportis fasebis, adamianur

da kulturul simdidreTa safuZvelze. angariSSi aRniSnulia, rom

globaluri ekonomikuri krizisis mZime periodis Semdeg turizmis sferom

aRdena daiwyo da msoflios maStabiT 2010 wels 5-6 %-iani zrda

dafiqsirda.

232

danarTi N 5

veb-gverd Trip Advisor-is forumze, saqarTvelos Temis

garSemo dafiqsirebuli forumelTa aqtivoba

gaxsnili

postebis

raodenoba

momxmareblebi

2006 17 aSS: 6

Crd.evr: 2

axl.aRm: 2

samx.azia: 1

afrika: 1

2007 28 aSS: 9 Stati

Crd.aSS: 1

cent. da aRm. evr: 5

das.evr: 1

Crd.evr: 2

samx.aRm.azia: 3

samx.azia: 2

afrika: 1

2008 36 aSS: 8

samx: aSS: 1

cent. da aR.evr: 3

das.evro: 3

233

Crd.evr: 3

axl.aRm: 1

sam.aRm. azia: 1

samx. azia: 1

afrika: 1

2009 51 aSS: 5

cen. aRm evr: 4

das.evr: 3

Crd. evr: 1

axl.aRm: 2

samx. azia: 2

afrika: 1

2010 50 aSS: 8

Crd.aSS: 1

cenr. da aRm.evr: 6

das.evr: 3

Crd.evr: 4

ax. aRm: 3

samx.aRm.az: 2

samx.azia: 2

okeaneTi: 1

2011 75 aSS: 12

Crd.aSS: 1

234

samx.aSS: 1

cent. da aRm.evr: 7

das.evr: 6

Crd.evr: 5

axl.aRm: 3

samx.aR.azia: 3

samx.azia: 5

okean: 1

karb.zRv.auz: 1

afrika: 1

2012 170 aSS: 12

Crd.aSS: 1

cent. da aRm.evr: 17

das. evr: 5

Crd.evr: 6

axl.aRm: 5

samx.aRm.azia: 6

samx.azia: 4

okean: 2

afrika: 4

2013 244 aSS:12

Crd.aSS: 1

karib.zRv.auzi: 1

235

cent.aRm.evr: 14

das.evr: 4

Crd. evr: 5

axl.aRm: 5

sam.aRm.azia: 3

samx.azia: 5

okeaneTi: 2

iv. javaxisvilis saxelobis tbilisis saxelmwifo

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