iv. europe split between identity fractions and a strong desire for unity centripetal and...
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IV. Europe split between identity fractions and a strong desire for unity
• Centripetal and Centrifugal forces working simultaneously
• 45-50 States in Europe (depending on definition)
• Europe = the most fragmented continent on earth
A. Nations assert recognition of their national sovereignty on a cultural basis
• Trend increased in last 20 yrs breaking up of empires and Federations (e.g. USSR, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia)
• Balkans & East vast movements of national religious groups recomposing
– New states & borders emerging
• Some members witnessed their national unity challenged (e.g. Belgium, UK, Italy, Spain) due to weight of internal divisions
Scotland Referendum 2014
Basque Separatists
French and Dutch divisions
Map 1:How many devolutionary pressures can you name?
Devolution: the transfer of power from the central government to sub-governments
• Red names indicate regions with movements that only claim greater autonomy within the actual state.
• Black names indicate regions with important secessionist movements, although both categories include moderate movements.
• The nations highlighted in colors are the territories claimed by the local nationalist groups, including areas out of the state's borders and cases of annexation to other states.
Map 2 of autonomist movements in the
European Union, September 2013 -
B. In West, European nation-states 1st to enter exceptional supranational project
EEU Economic
Unit
EC Political Unit
EU Federation
• Video: A Brief Summary of the History of the EU Enlargement
• Which countries have applied for membership? Which countries’ applications have been accepted? Which countries hope to apply?
Video: Criticism of Serbia and Turkey in EU enlargement report 2012
• What has the EU Commission stated as a condition for Serbia to join the EU?
• On what grounds is Turkey’s admission criticized?