iupware and phylares activity_report_2003

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ACTIVITY REPORT

VAKGROEP HYDROLOGIE EN

WATERBOUWKUNDE

DEPARTMENT OF HYDROLOGY ANDHYDRAULIC ENGINEERING

VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT BRUSSEL

PLEINLAAN 2

1050 BRUSSELS

Belgium

Email: [email protected]

Tel: xx-32-2-6293021

Fax: xx-32-2-6293022

mailto:[email protected]




C O N T E N T S

1. INTRODUCTION 2

2. IUPWARE 3

- General Information 3

- Diplomas and Certificates offered 4

- Courses 5

- Admission Requirements 7

- Management 9

- International Cooperation 11

3. PHYSICAL LAND RESOURCES 14

- Objectives and contents of the programme 14

- Selection of option and registration 14

- Addresses 15

- Study programme 15

4. STUDENT THESES 17

- MSc and PhD Theses Academic year 2002-2003 17

5. RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND DISSEMINATION 36

6. EUROPEAN PROGRAMMES 53

6.1 SOCRATES/ERASMUS for higher education 53

6.2 ETNET.ENVIRONMENT WATER 54

6.3 LATEST NEWS / KeyWATER 557. PEOPLE, SEMINARS AND VISITORS 57

8. PUBLICATIONS and PRESENTATIONS 59

9. MEMBERS OF THE LABORATORY ON 31 DECEMBER 2003 68

WOLRLD DAY FOR WATER 69

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1 . I N T R O D U C T I O N

This act iv i ty report covers the past year 2003, and in

part icular the academic year 2002-2003 of the MScprograms Water Resources Engineering (IUPWARE) andUse of Physical Land Resources (PHYLARES). Bothprograms are running very wel l and keep on growing. Also,the department has f lour ished in the past year. There havebeen many act ivi t ies and you wi l l not ice that the act ivi tyreport has never had so many pages as this one. Manyprojects have been conducted often in combinat ion with PhD

research, as the number of PhD students is a lso r is ingsteadi ly.On the organizat ional point of view we are st i l l very muchinvolved with the adaptat ion of the MSc programs to theBachelor-Master system. For IUPWARE we st ick to our plans to t ransform the program into a Master af ter Master degree. I f a l l wi l l proceed as planned th is program couldstart in 2005. Meanwhi le, we are also trying to l inkIUPWARE to other simi lar programs in Europe and the restof the world, because joining forces would increase our strength and impact, and is also at tract ive to students whocan part icipate in exchange programs and benef i t f romexpert ise of fered by other partners. For PHYLARES, weintend to t ransfer to a Master af ter Bachelor program, alsostart ing possibly in 2005. In this program only two opt ions

wi l l remain, one in Soi l Science offered by our partners atthe Universi ty of Ghent and the other one in EngineeringGeology of fered at our universi ty, which wi l l replace theopt ion use. Hence, more work ahead, but hopeful ly alsomore rewards in the form of new students, good teachingand successful research.I would l ike to conclude by thanking everybody, studentsand staf f , for their input and effort to keep the program in

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good shape. Also, many thanks to the alumni that keep intouch and are our best advert isement especial ly because of thei r successful careers.

F. De Smedt

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2 . I U P W A R E

Interuniversity Programme in

Water Resources Engineering

* General Information

The objective of the Interuniversity Programme in Water Resources Engineering

(IUPWARE) is to provide multi-disciplinary and professional training in water resources

engineering, and to equip future personnel with the necessary technical and managerial

knowledge and skills, which they require to successfully design and operate water

resources schemes. The foregoing is particularly important for personnel fromdeveloping countries where sustainable development of water resources is more crucial

now than ever before.

IUPWARE, organised annually by the K.U.Leuven and the VUB, aims at accomplishing

the following two main goals: (I) the training of engineers and experts in specific

disciplines of water resources such as surface and groundwater hydrology, irrigation,

water quality and other related disciplines; and (II) integration of technical multi-

disciplinary teams, efficiently coordinated by generalists with emphasis on management.

Therefore, IUPWARE will put emphasis on imparting knowledge and skills to trainees in

three levels, namely, basic, specific and integrated. The first level includes disciplines

such as hydrology, statistics, hydraulics, ecology, hydrogeology, fundamentals of

economy and water quality, and computing. Specific disciplines refer to the various

activities with water such as irrigation, water supplies, waste water treatment,

hydropower generation, hydraulic works, urban drainage, flood control, soil and water

conservation and general use management. The last level relates to technical disciplines

that treat water resources in an integrated way. In general these technical issues range

from the operation research to the legal and institutional sectors. The growing tendencyof public participation in the planning process, even in the developing countries,

necessitates that subjects of social, political and communication areas form part of the

study curriculum. In addition, workshops on environmental and policy sciences are

included to emphasize the close relationship between water quantity and water quality.

The above aims and scope should be considered as a contribution to the worldwide

effort in the field of education, training and capacity building for water resources

development. IUPWARE is therefore proud to receive the sponsorship of the

International Hydrological Programme (IHP) of UNESCO, the United Nations

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Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. It joins the network of 32 postgraduate

programmes of IHP.

* Diplomas and Certificates offered

IUPWARE offers

- a Diploma of Complementary Studies in Water ResourcesEngineering to

successful students after the 1st year;

- a degree of Master of Science in Water ResourcesEngineering to

successful students after the 2nd year;

- a Certificate of Attendance to students who regularly attendedclasses but

did not succeed in the examination requirements for one of the above mentioned programmes;

- a Transcript of Academic Records is issued to all participants;

- a PhD (doctoral) degree can be obtained by excellentperforming students, holders of an MSc/MEng degree, after 3

or 4 years of additional stydy and research and the publicdefence of a doctoral dissertation.

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* Courses

First year: all students register at K.U.LeuvenStudy curriculum for the degree of Complementary Studies (GAS) in Water Resources

Engineering

SUBJECT Theory Practicals Workshops Assignments Credits

C 1 : Advanced mathematics for water engineering 30 30 30 6

C 2 : Statistics for water engineering 30 30 30 6

C 3 : Irrigation agronomy 30 30 30 6

C 4 : Aquatic ecology 30 30 30 6

C 5 : Hydraulics 30 30 30 6

C 6 : Surface hydrology 30 30 30 6

C 7 : Groundwater hydrology 30 30 30 6

C 8 : Water quality and treatment 30 30 30 6

WORKSHOPS

Workshop 1 120 6

Calculus tools

Information technology

Economic analysis of water resources

Workshop 2 120 6

Hydrometry

Social, political and institutional aspects

of water resources

Environmental impact assessment

Total 240 240 240 240 60

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Second year: al l students register at V.U.B.

Study curriculum for the degree of Advanced Studies (GGS) in Water Resources

Engineering

SUBJECT Theory Practicals Credits

Common core:

G1 : GIS & remote sensing in WRE 30 30 5

G2 : Engineering hydraulics 30 30 5

G3 : Water quality modelling 30 30 5

G4 : Systems approach to water management 30 30 5

G5 : Management of water use and re-use 30 30 5

G6 : Integrated project design - 90 5

Seminar - 60 3

Thesis research - 120 17

Subtotal 150 420 50

SELECT TWO COURSES

G7 : Surface water modelling 30 30 5

G8 : Groundwater modelling 30 30 5

G9 : Irrigation engineering and technology 30 30 5

G10 : Planning, operation and management of irrigation projects 30 30 5

G11 : Hydraulic modelling 30 30 5

G12 : Water and waste-water treatment 30 30 5

G13 : Monitoring of water quality 30 30 5

G14 : Advanced aquatic ecology 30 30 5

Subtotal for two courses 60 60 10

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* Admission Requirements

Schematic presentation of the entry possibilities:

Summary table of the admission requirements for the "GAS" and the "GGS" programme in Water Resources Engineering

Specification of the admission requirements Water Resources

Engineering 1st year 2nd year

* BSc/BEng degree of a 4 year university programme (minimum grade: 2nd

class honours, upper division A

* MSc/MEng degree of a recognised university programme (minimum grade:

honours degree) B

* Graduates from a 5 year university programme in agriculture or engineeringB

* Graduates from a 4 year non-university programme in industrial engineering A

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N o t e : T h e s e a d m i s s i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s a r e e l i g i b i l i t yr e q u i r e m e n t s

a n d d o n o t g u a r a n t e e a u t o m a t i c a d m i s s i o n .

A l l e n q u i r i e s , i n c l u d i n g a p p l i c a t i o n f o r m s , s h o u l d b e s e n t t o :

f o r t h e 1 s t y e a r : K . U . L e u v e nM r s . G r e t a C a m p s , I U P W A R E - K . U . L e u v e nK a s t e e l p a r k A r e n b e r g 1 , 3 0 0 1 L e u v e n ( H e v e r l e e )T e l . : + 3 2 - 1 6 - 3 2 1 7 4 4F a x : + 3 2 - 1 6 - 3 2 1 9 5 6E - m a i l : g r e t a . c a m p s @ a g r . k u l e u v e n . a c . b eE - m a i l : i n f o @ i u p w a r e . b eh t t p : / / w w w . i u p w a r e . b e

f o r t h e 2 n d y e a r : V U B

D e p a r t m e n t o f H y d r o l o g y a n d H y d r a u l i c E n g i n e e r i n gP l e i n l a a n 21 0 5 0 B r u s s e lT e l . : + 3 2 - 2 - 6 2 9 3 0 2 1F a x : + 3 2 - 2 - 6 2 9 3 0 2 2E - m a i l : h y d r @ v u b . a c . b eh t t p : / / t w w s 6 . v u b . a c . b e / h y d r / d e f a u l t . h t m

N o t e : P h D - c a n d i d a t e s c a n o n l y b e a d m i t t e d a t V U B w h e n t h eM S c

c u r r i c u l u m h a s b e e n s u c c e s s f u l l y a t t e n d e d a n d t h eg r a d e

" g o o d " ( 7 0 % ) h a s b e e n a w a r d e d .

DETAILS , inc lud ing the

APPLICATION FORMS,Are ava i lab le on INTERNET

ht tp : / /www. iupware .be

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* Management

IUPWARE's management cons is ts o f : an adv isory board wi threpresenta t ives o f in te rnat iona l o rgan isa t ions ; a s teer ing commi t tee

wi th 4 members o f each un ivers i ty ; the programme commi t tee wi th a l lteach ing s ta f f , 2 teach ing ass is tan ts o f each un ivers i ty and 3 s tudentso f each s tudy year .

Present compos i t ion is as fo l lows :

ADVISORY BOARD

Abbot t M.B. ( In ternat iona l Inst i t u te fo r In f ras t ructure , Hydrau l ics andEnv i ronmenta l Eng ineer ing , IHE)

Aer tgeer ts R. (Sen ior Pro jec t Of f i cer , WHO)Bos M.G. ( In ternat iona l Ins t i tu te fo r Land Rec lamat ion andImprovement , ILRI )Di r ickx J . (Honorary Genera l Manager AWW, Past -Pres ident IWSA,

Past -Pres ident TECHWARE)Duda l R. ( Ins t i tu te fo r Land and Water Management )Janssens J . (Exper t San i ta ry Eng. , Wor ld Bank)Kassam A. (Research and Techno logy Deve lopment Div is ion , FAO)

Rodda J . (Past -Pres ident IAHS)Szo l los i -Nagy A. (Water Sc iences Div is ion , UNESCO)

STEERING COMMITTEE

Bauwens W. (VUB, Depar tment o f Hydro logy andHydrau l ic Eng ineer ing)Ber lamont J . (K.U.Leuven, Labora tory o f Hydrau l ics )De Meester L . (K.U.Leuven, Labora tory o f Aquat ic

Eco logy)De Smedt F. , v ice cha i rman(VUB, Depar tment o f Hydro logy andHydrau l ic

Eng ineer ing)Feyen J . (K.U.Leuven, Labora tory o f So i l andWater )Raes D. , cha i rman (K.U.Leuven, Labora tory o f So i l andWater )Wast ie ls , J . (VUB, Dean, Facu l ty o f App l ied Sc iences)

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Van der Beken A. (VUB, Depar tment o f Hydro logy andHydrau l ic

Eng ineer ing)

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LECTURERS AND ASSISTANTS

K.U.Leuven : Ber lamont J . , Brendonck L . , De Meester L . , Feyen J . ,Por t i l la , J . , Monba l l iu J . , Raes D. , Toorman E. , Vaes G. , Wi l lems P. ,

Wyseure G.

VUB : Bate laan O. , Bauwens W. , Coo ls J . , Cor luy J . , De Smedt F. , L iuY. , Meyus Y. , Severyns J . , Van der Beken A. , Verbe i ren B. , Vere ls t H.

BELGIAN VISITING PROFESSORS

Peters J .J . (VUB) , Rammeloo R. , To l lens E. (K.U.Leuven) , VerhoevenR. (UGent )

FOREIGN VISITING PROFESSORS

De l leur J . (Purdue Un iv . ) , Gra f W. (Un iv . Lausanne) , Jo lanka i G.(VITUKI) , Verhaeghe R. (TUDELFT) , Wurbs R. (Texas A&M)

STUDENT MEMBERS OF PROGRAMME COMMITTEE

Representa t ives 1s t

year : Ib rah im Elsy , Pokhare l Suresh, Nyeko P au lRepresenta t ives 2nd year : Abs El Kha lek Ahmed Youssef Sayed,Kigobe Max imi l l ian , Ost i jn T ine

ADMINISTRATIVE SECRETARIES

Camps, G. (K.U.Leuven) , De Con inck , H. (VUB)

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* International Cooperation

I U P W A R E s u p p o r t s

U N E S C O p r o j e c t w i t hA l A z h a r U n i v e r s i t y i n G a z a

The Ministry of the Flemish Community supports the UNESCO project 'Capacitybuilding and training on environmental planning and management' in thePalestinian Territories. In this framework, IUPWARE cooperates with the Water

Research Centre at the Al Azhar University in Gaza.

E x c h a n g e p r o g r a m m e w i t hE n v i r o n m e n t a l & H y d r a u l i cE n g i n e e r i n g ,P u r d u e U n i v e r s i t y ,

W e s t L a f a y e t t e , I n d i a n a , U S A

Ar ranged by IUPWARE-VUB, the exchange programme wi thPURDUE UNIVERSITY, is des igned for ambi t ious 2nd year (GGS) s tudents in terested in env i ronmenta l and hydrau l iceng ineer ing. I t p rov ides in terested s tudents wi th an oppor tun i tyto exper ience the Amer ican cu l ture f i rs t hand whi le earn ingd i rect cred i t toward the MSc degree in Water Resources

Engineer ing. The School o f C iv i l Eng ineer ing a t PurdueUnivers i ty , founded in 1887, has p ioneer ing and lead ingprogrammes in hydrau l ic eng ineer ing and envi ronmenta leng ineer ing prov id ing educat ion, research and communi tyserv ice. The graduate programme wi th more than n inety s tudentsis the la rgest in the School o f C iv i l Eng ineer ing. Sur f to WEB-page a t :

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http: / /www.ippu.purdue.edu/sa/

The graduate programme at Purdue runs f rom August to May.Some 30 graduate courses are be ing o f fered in env i ronmenta l

and hydrau l ic eng ineer ing, a t least once per academic year .In add i t ion to these courses, a var ie ty o f o ther re la ted coursesare ava i lab le on campus. From th is w ide se lect ion o f courses,the graduate s tudent can devise a p lan o f s tudy ta i lo red to theneeds and ob ject ives o f the s tudent . The more usua l p lans o f s tudy are targeted a t specia l iza t ions in hazardous waste ,wastewater t reatment , dr ink ing water t reatment , a i r po l lu t ion,envi ronmenta l geotechnology, urban hydrau l ics, hydro logy,groundwater , systems eng ineer ing, s i te remedia t ion and

indust r ia l waste . However , o ther specia l iza t ions such asenvi ronmenta l model l ing , aquacu l ture , env i ronmenta lmicrob io logy, odor cont ro l , so l id wastes, pub l ic hea l th , e tc . canbe accomodated wi th in the p lan o f s tudy.The above exchange programme wi th Purdue Univers i ty hasrece ived a fund ing for the per iod 1998-2002 f rom the EuropeanCommiss ion under the pro ject ent i t led :SCHOLAR AND MULTIMEDIA EXCHANGES IN ENVIRONMENTAL

WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING AND SCIENCES.See Sect ion 6.4 "European Programmes" hereaf ter .

I U P W A R E s u p p o r t s V L I R I N T E R U N I V E R S I T YC O O P E R A - T I O N p r o j e c t w i t h M e k e l l eU n i v e r s i t y , E t h i o p i a .

This Inst i tu t iona l Un ivers i ty Cooperat ion program wi th Mekel leUnivers i ty , E th iop ia , sponsored by the VLIR, s tar ted inSeptember 2003 and wi l l run for 10 years. Severa l pro jects areset -up in which severa l pro fessors o f IUPWARE are invo lved.One of the pro jects dea ls w i th “Water resources assessment andManagement” . The main emphasis is the comprehensive water resource assessment and hydrogeolog ica l data co l lect ion in the

Geba catchment w i th impl ica t ion for susta inab le economic

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deve lopment and water resource management . The u l t imatetarget is to assess water re la ted prob lems and deve lopin tegrated and susta inab le deve lopment in rura l areas. In someselected areas the assessment o f water quant i ty and qua l i ty w i l l

be made for impact ana lys is o f water management . Th is w i l l inturn have i ts pos i t ive impact towards the deve lopment o f water management s t ra teg ies o f the count ry . Th is a lso inc ludes loca lcapaci ty bu i ld ing o f exper t ise invo lved in the research act iv i ty ,understand ing the sur face and subsur face water harvest ingtechn iques, subsur face water and sur face water model l ing , andacqui r ing a sound understand ing o f the app l ica t ion o f remotesensing and GIS technolog ies in water resources assessmentand management . The loca l team consis ts o f the depar tments o f

Appl ied Geology and Civ i l eng ineer ing; the Flemish teamconsis ts o f :

• Prof . F . De Smedt ( team leader) and Drs. O. Bate laan,Depar tment o f Hydro logy and Hydrau l ic Eng ineer ing, Vr i jeUnivers i te i t Brusse l

• Dr. J . Moeyersons, Dr . J . Lavreau, and Dr . Max Fernandez,Roya l Museum for Cent ra l A f r ica

• Prof . K . Walraevens, Laboratory o f App l ied Geology andHydrogeology, Un ivers i te i t Gent

• Prof . R. Swennen and Prof . Ph. Muchez, Physico-chemica lGeology Sect ion, Katho l ieke Univers i te i t Leuven

• W. Buytaer t , Laboratory for So i l and Water Management ,Katho l ieke Univers i te i t Leuven

I U P W A R E s u p p o r t s V L I R I N T E R U N I V E R S I T YC O O P E R A - T I O N p r o j e c t w i t h U n i v e r s i t y o f W e s t e r n C a p e , S o u t h A f r i c a .

S e e p a g e 3 7 f o r m o r e d e t a i l s

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3 . PHYSICAL LAND RESOURCES

Objectives and contents of the programme

The objective of the course is to provide an academic training in research and modernapplications in the fields of inventarisation, analysis, use and management of physicalland resources and to prepare the students for tasks in development projects, atexperimental stations and in education, research and services in government institutionsand universities.

A country’s physical land resources are a fundamental pillar of support for human lifeand welfare. Worldwide population pressures and severe degradation, pollution anddesertification problems are threatening this - for several countries relatively scarce -

natural resource, and cause competition between agricultural or industrial purposes,urban planning and nature conservation. To guarantee proper use and management of this for a national basic commodity, well trained specialists with a thorough knowledge of the properties and characteristics of this natural source, and a solid insight in factors andmeasures that may alter its actual state and value, are warranted.The post-graduate programme in Physical Land Resources consists of two parts eachcovering one academic year: the Complementary Studies in Physical Land Resourcesand the Advanced (MSc) Studies in Physical Land Resources respectively.The Complementary Studies provide a general and comprehensive base in physical landresources and as such is accessible to students with a restricted knowledge of physicalland resources, though with a good scientific background. Following the general basiccourses mainly scheduled in the first semester, the Complementary Studies offer thepossibility to major in one out of three options: (1) Analysis of physical land resources,(2) Use of physical land resources and (3) Management of physical land resources.The Advanced (or MSc) studies offer the same range of options as the Complementarystudies. Within each option a package of specialised courses is offered from which thestudent can choose to compose his/her own programme. For admission to thisprogramme, a sound background in physical land resources is required.

All courses consist of theory and exercises. Some courses include fieldwork and may besupplemented with excursions. The programme of the Complementary Studies foreseesseminars which may be either informative and interdisciplinary, and allow the students toparticipate actively and to work independently. For the Advanced Studies, a thesis hasto be prepared and defended.

Selection of option and registration

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The post-graduate programme in Physical Land Resources is organised jointly by theUniversity of Gent and the Vrije Universiteit Brussel. Lectures from both universities areproviding the courses of the Complementary as well as the Advanced Studies.For the Complementary Studies, all the students have to register in Gent, where all thelectures and examinations will take place. For the Advanced Studies, the students have

to register in Gent for the options « Analysis » and «Management », and for the option «Use of Physical Land Resources » at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel.

ADDRESSES:

Vr i je Univers i te i t Brussel Univers i ty of GhentDepartment of Hydrology and Hydraulic engineering Geological InstututePleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussel, Belgium Krijgslaan 281 (S8), B-9000 Gent,Belgium

Tel. +32-2-629 30 21 -- Fax +32-2-629 30 22 Tel. +32-9-264 46 18 -- fax +32-9-264 4991E-mail:[email protected] E-mail: [email protected]

http://wwwtw.vub.ac.be/hydr/phylares

Study programme

* Programme of the 1st year

A. Basic Courses

theory training creditsPedology 30 45 6Statistics and Informatics 30 30 5Climatology and Meteorology 30 30 5Soil Chemistry 30 45 6

Soil Physics 30 30 5Soil Mineralogy 30 30 5Soil and Regolith Prospection 15 45 5Seminars 15 - 6

B. Options

Option 1: Analysis of Physical Land ResourcesGeology of Parent Materials 30 45 6

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Concepts of Micropodology 30 45 6Geomorphology 30 30 5

Option 2: Use of Physical Land Resources

Geology of Parent Materials 30 45 6Introduction to Engineering Geology 30 45 6Introduction to Environmental Geology 30 30 5

Option 3: Management of Physical Land ResourcesDesertification and Dry Land Farming 30 45 6Plant-Water Relations in the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum 30 45

6Rural Development Economics 30 30 5

* Programme of the 2nd year

The student has to select 8 courses from one of the three option packages offered toobtain a total of 40 credits . The remaining 20 credits are allocated for the dissertationand seminars.

All courses consist of 30h of theory, 30h of training and 5 credits.

Option 1: Analysis of Physical Land Resources

* Land Information Systems * Soil Genesis* Land Evaluation * Analysis and Dynamics of Clays* Tropical Soils * Soil Classification and Mapping* Remote Sensing * Geo- and Archeopedology* Digital Landscape Image Interpretation * Quality of Groundwater Resources* Micropedology

Option 2: Use of Physical Land Resources

* Land Information Systems * Applied Geochemistry

* Remote Sensing * Quaternary Geology* Soil Mechanics and Soil Stabilisation Techniques* Geological aspects of GeotechnicalEngineering* Hydrogeology * Applied Sedimentology* Applied Geomorphology * Numerical Simulation Techniques* Applied Geophysics

Option 3: Management of Physical Land Resources

* Land Information Systems * Applied Soil Physics

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* Land Evaluation * Soil Erosion and Soil Conservation* Tropical Soils * Integrated Agricultural Land-UseSystems* Remote Sensing * Chemical Soil Fertility Management* Irrigation and Drainage * Soil Physical Chemistry

* Soil Water and Salinity Management * Microbial Ecology

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4 . STUDENT THESES

MSc-Theses – Academic Year 2002 - 2003

DANG TANH MAIDeve lo p m en t o f an ARCG IS ver s io n o f th e WetS p ass p h ys ica l l y b asedd ist r ibu ted hydro log ic model

Promotor : Dr s . O . Ba te laan

The WetSpass model was developed for the purpose of est imat ing the spat ia ldis tr ibuted long-term average groundwater recharge. In this study, an ARCGISvers ion of the WetSpass physical ly-based distr ibuted hydrologic model is made

in which the watershed is represented as a gr id cel l mesh, and calculat ions of water balance, inc luding the processes of surface runoff , actualevapotranspirat ion and groundwater recharge are accompl ished based uponindiv idual gr id cel ls . WetSpass, coded in VBE, is bui l t by macro programming toal low i terat ive sequence of map algebra calculat ions. The interfaces aredeveloped speci f ical ly for model parameter sensi t iv i ty analys is. The module for v iewing and manipulat ing temporal groundwater recharge and input data is veryf lex ible and user-f r iendly.WetSpass uses a combinat ion of empir ical and physical ly based equat ions. Theold vers ion of WetSpass is temporal ly l imi ted to quasi -steady state s imulat ion of

groundwater recharge. In this study an at tempt was made to generategroundwater recharge for speci f ied t ime steps such as 1-day, 10-days, 1-month,and 3-months using dai ly precipi tat ion data. The nominal range sensi t iv i tymethod, which evaluates the ef fect on model outputs exerted by vary ing onlyone of the model inputs across i ts ent i re range of plausible values whi le keepingal l other inputs at thei r nominal or base-case values, was used for the sensi t iv i tyanalys is. For demonstrat ing purposes the ARCGIS vers ion of the WetSpassmodel was appl ied to est imate the water balance components, calculategroundwater recharge for 10-days and 1-month t ime interval , and the sensi t iv i tyof the model parameters was examined, using data of the Grote Nete catchment,

s i tuated in the Northeast of Belgium.

DEV Nagendra I n teg r a ted i r r ig a t io n p r o jec t d es ig n m o d e l l in g : A case s tu d y o f Ku tu d h a l I r r ig a t io n P r o jec t in Nep a l

Promotor : P r o f . G . Wyseu r e

T he ma i n ob j ec t i v e o f t he t hes i s p ro j ec t was t o des i gn an i r r i ga t i on p ro j ec t

i n a ho l i s t i c way . A s c as e s tudy a h i l l i r r i ga t i on p ro j ec t o f Nepa l , t he

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K u tudha l I r r i ga t i on P ro j ec t , was s e l ec ted . T he da ta c o l l ec ted i n a s u rv ey byS i l t Cons u l t an t P v t . L t d , Nepa l , we re us ed as i npu t f o r t he des i gn o f t heheadwork f o r c ana l d i v e rs i on , t he op t i m i s a t i on o f t he c ros s -s ec t i on o f t hec ana l s y s tem, t he c a l c u l a t i on o f t he c rop wa te r requ i remen t , and t he ag ro -ec onom i c ana l y s i s f o r t he c as e s tudy “w i t hou t p ro j ec t c ond i t i on ” and “w i t hp ro j ec t c ond i t i on ” . T he f i nanc i a l ana l y s i s rev ea l ed t he f eas i b i l i t y o f t hed i f f e ren t p ro j ec t a l t e rna t i v es . V a r i ous re l ev an t s o f twa re (A rc V i ew , DE M,V i s ua l B as i c , E X CE L , A u toCA D, e t c . ) was c omb i ned t o ac h i ev e a f l ex i b l et ec hno -ec onom i c ana l y s i s o f a l t e rna t i v e des i gns . T he d i f f e ren t s t eps i n t heho l i s t i c des i gn we re dev e l oped and app l i ed t o t he headwork f o r t heK u tudha l I r r i ga t i on P ro j ec t . T he ne t i nc remen ta l bene f i t o f t he p ro j ec t wasc a l c u l a ted by ana l y s i ng t he v a r i a t i on i n y i e l d be fo re and a f t e r t he p ro j ec tc ond i t i on and o the r ag ro - i npu t s . Cons t ruc t i on c os t s and ne t bene f i t s we rees t i ma ted f o r f i nd i ng t he E c onom i c I n t e rna l Ra te o f Re tu rn (E IRR) and t heB ene f i t /Cos t (B /C ) ra t i o t o as c e r t a i n whe the r t he p ro j ec t i s v i ab l eec onom i c a l l y .

DUMITRACHE Mugur T ech n ica l an d n o n - tech n ica l asp ec ts o f th e ca tas t r o p h ic f lo o d s in th eca tch m en t o f th e V i l a in e R iver , F r an ce

Promotor : P r o f . J . J . P e te r s

In recent years, Br i t tany faced several catastrophic f loods and the French

authori t ies organised an assessment of the causes. The thesis deals wi th thesurvey conducted for the largest r iver in the region, the La Vi la ine River. Duringthe past century, dams were bui l t to hal t the t idal penetrat ion in the r iver catchment; a f i rs t one in 1935 at Redon, about 50 km upstream the r iver mouth;a second in 1970 at Arzal , some 10 km from the sea. The lat ter had or ig inal ly af lood-control vocat ion. I t has become a mul t i -purpose hydraul ic structurebecause of the changed demands: supply of dr ink ing water, protect ion againstseawater intrusion, navigat ion and level regulat ion during drought periods,tour ism and r iver f lood r isk control . The r iver f lood r isk funct ion in theenumerat ion of the usages of the dam stresses the evolut ion of the pr ior i t ies inthe last three decades. The absence of inundat ions f rom 1970 unt i l 1994 madethe main purpose of the dam - the f lood protect ion - to be forgotten and replacedby more “ lucrat ive” pr ior i t ies, which are also v i ta l for the regional development.However, catastrophic f lood events in 1995, 1998 and 2000-2001 raised manyquest ions about the causes and the way the f loods were managed. Those f loodsprovoked a conf l ic t between the var ious uses of the dam and between thestakeholders.The thesis deal t wi th technical and non-technical aspects of the f loodprevent ion, wi th due at tent ion to the preservat ion of the envi ronmental , thesocial and the inst i tut ional aspects, inc luding the conf l ic ts that arose among the

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users. Numerical model s imulat ions were made to assess how marshes can beused for temporary f loodwater storage.

DZIMEGA Theophi lusWater q u a l i ty m o d e l l in g w i th Q UAL 2E o f Den su b as in , G h an a

Promotor : P r o f . F . De S m ed t

A water qual i ty model cal led QUAL2E, developed by the Uni ted StatesEnvironmental Protect ion Agency (USEPA), was used to develop a managementand decis ion making tool for the Densu River in Southern Ghana. This modelhas the abi l i ty to s imulate up to 15 water qual i ty const i tuents. The Densu River

is the source of domest ic and industr ia l water. I t is probably one of the mostpol luted r ivers in Ghana as a resul t of populat ion explosion and because theriver serves as a receptacle for industr ia l and munic ipal discharges, inc ludinguntreated human excreta.Due to l imi tat ions of the model , only part of the ent i re r iver basin was studiedand the const i tuents studied were dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygendemand (BOD, ni t rogen as NO 3 and NO2 and NH3 , and phosphorous as PO 4 . For th is study, the model was cal ibrated on the basis of f ie ld and laboratorymeasurements for high f low regimes of the r iver and val idated wi th anindependent set of data for cr i t ical low f low periods. Li terature values andprofessional judgments were appl ied in instances of insuff ic ient f ie ld data. Thestudy revealed that in general the s imulated values compare wel l to the f ie ldmeasurements. On the basis of experimental errors, the root mean squarevalues prove that there is suf f ic ient proof for the model to be used for futurepredict ions based on s imulat ions of several other parameters. Since there isuncertainty involved in the model l ing process, i t is suggested that th is study isused as a base for further studies on this r iver and other s imi lar bodies inGhana.

EIJKELENBURG AnWater b a lan ce an d asp ec ts o f eco h yd r o lo g y o f f lo o d d ep en d en t l akes inth e Ru f i j i b as in (T an z an ia )

Promotor : P r o f . L . Br en d o n ck

I t is bel ieved that the lateral lakes adjacent to the f loodplain of the Lower Ruf i j ibasin play a crucial ecological role in the area, and several socio-economicact iv i t ies are concentrated in and around them. However l i t t le is known aboutthe hydrological regime of these lakes and to what extent thei r ecology dependson i t . The f lood pulse of the r iver is thought to be a key dr iv ing var iable in the

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hydrology of the lakes; therefore the main issue of concern in th is research wasthe water exchanges between the lakes and the Ruf i j i River, as i t is l ikely thatthe Ruf i j i wi l l be the object of large-scale development projects in the near future. Some of these developments wi l l have major impacts on the hydrologicalregime of the r iver, thus inf luencing the water balance of the lakes. As is of ten the case in inaccessible and undeveloped areas in t ropica l regions,data and informat ion for th is study were l imi ted. Short observat ion periods andmissing data ruled out a detai led research. A s imple model was developed toinvest igate the hydrological regime of the lakes. The resul ts of the modelhighl ighted that two aspects are important concerning thei r hydrologicbehaviour: the degree of connect iv i ty and the dependence on the connect ion.The degree of connect iv i ty increases wi th the amount of water exchangedbetween the lakes, and wi th the durat ion of the connect ion. Concerning thedegree of connect iv i ty , the lakes could be div ided into three groups, based onthei r locat ion in the basin. The hydrologic dependence on the connect ion wasnot at al l re lated to the degree of connect iv i ty , but more to the balance of

evaporat ion versus di rect rainfal l on and runoff to the lakes. From dependenceon the r iver inf lows, i t is a smal l s tep to assess the vulnerabi l i ty to desiccat ion,and the analys is of the behaviour of the lakes and the possible ef fects of changes in hydrological regime on the ecosystems conf i rmed that interference inthe basin could have disastrous impacts on the lakes’ water balance andecology.

FONTEYN Phi l ippeDeve lo p m en t o f a fu z z y r ech ar g e m o d e l


Rec ha rge i s t he p roc es s by wh i c h ex c es s ra i n f a l l and c on tam i nan t s en te r g roundwa te r . F o r t he dy nam i c s o f aqu i f e r s and t he po l l u t i on haz a rd ac o r rec t es t i ma te o f t he rec ha rge i s , among o the r as pec t s , a v e ry i mpo r t an ti npu t . F o r t he es t i ma t i on o f t he rec ha rge mos t l y phy s i c a l bas edde te rm i n i s t i c mode l s a re us ed , wh i c h i n c omb i na t i on w i t h a G IS s y s tem,enab l es t he rec ons t ruc t i on o f t he s pa t i a l and t empora l r ec ha rge . I ns tead o f us i ng s uc h an app roac h , i n t he t hes i s p ro j ec t us e was made o f t he t heo ry o f

f uz z y l og i c s , wh i c h c an be s een as a ma thema t i c a l emp i r i c a l t oo l t o maps ome i npu t s pac e i n t o s ome ou tpu t s pac e . T he i n t e res t o f us i ng f uz z y l og i cl i es i n t he f ac t t ha t i t c an mode l non - l i nea r f unc t i ons o f a rb i t r a r yc omp l ex i t y , us ed as a p red i c t i v e t oo l bas ed on s ome h i s t o r i c a l behav i ou r o f t he p roc es s , and dea l w i t h da ta hav i ng f uz z y bounda r i es and i n t e rna l non -homogene i t y . F uz z y mode l p l ay s w i t h " i f - e l s e " l i ngu i s t i c r u l es , whe re i f pa r tc on ta i ns s ome c omb i na t i on o f phy s i c a l i npu t pa rame te rs and e l s e pa r t i si n t ended t o be i nv o l v ed i n rec ha rge v a l ue c ompu ta t i on , e . g . , " i f p rec i p i t a t i on i s h i gh and LA I i s l ow and… then rec ha rge i s s ome ou tpu tf uz z y number " .

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The model in the thesis was developed on the basis of an art i f ic ia l map that wasbui l t on purpose, combining a big range of landuse, soi l type and s lope. Theinput for the model were dai ly precipi tat ion (annual ser ie), dai ly potent ia levapotranspirat ion (annual ser ie), leaf area index, porosi ty , f ie ld capaci ty , s lopeand root depth. Annual ser ies were derived from records of the Etterb ruck basin,Luxembourg (1997). The model was bui l t us ing C + + programming language,providing high f lex ibi l i ty . The computat ion stage consisted in comput ing therecharge for each cel l of the map by combining the output fuzzy numbers. Dai lyrecharge for model cal ibrat ion and val idat ion of the fuzzy model were generatedby WetSpass model .

GERITS WimT h e r esp o n se o f f i sh an d z o o p lan k to n to b io -m an ip u la t io n as a

r es to r a t io n m easu r e in th e Kr aen ep o e l

Promotor : P r o f . L . De Mees te r

The Kraenepoel is a shal low, f resh water lake (approximately 22 ha) in Aal ter (Belgium). Original ly ol igotrophic, the lake lost most of i ts ecological andenvi ronmental value due to cont inuing eutrophicat ion. The thesis projectanalysed the response of the zooplankton and f ish communi ty on the bio-manipulat ion measures which were taken. In the northern part of theKraenepoel , the bio-manipulat ion measures evoked a drast ic posi t ive change inthe aquat ic zooplankton communi t ies. More species and more character is t ical lyc lear water species are present than before the measures were taken. However i t should be stressed that the largest Daphnia species (D. magna) seemed tohave disappeared the second year af ter bio-manipulat ion. This could be due topredat ion of an increasing smal l tench and perch populat ion. The rot i fer communi ty biomass was constant ly low.T he f i r s t y ea r a f t e r b i o -man i pu l a t i on , t he s ou the rn pa r t a l s o hos tedc ha rac te r i s t i c a l l y c l ea r wa te r s pec i es , l i k e Daphn i a magna and Ca l ano i da .Howev e r , t he ro t i f e r B rac h i onus dom i na ted t he z oop l ank ton i n t he s ou the rnpa r t i n 2002 be fo re d redg i ng , p robab l y due t o t he h i gh l y ac i d i c c ond i t i onsl i k e l y t o be es tab l i s hed by t he ox i da t i on o f s u l ph i des i n t o s u l pha te , as

t r i gge red by t he d ry i ng up o f S ou th i n 2000 and no t remov i ng t he s ed i men tsthen . I n Nov ember 2002 , a f t e r t he d redg i ng ac t i v i t i e s , a Daphn i a magnapopu l a t i on had es tab l i s hed .T he d redg i ng o f t he s ou the rn pa r t was on l y rec en t l y ex ec u ted . Noc onc l us i ons c an y e t be made abou t t he s uc c es s o f t he b i o -man i pu l a t i onhe re . T hough t he ac i d i c c ond i t i ons and l ow z oop l ank ton b i omas s i n 2002 o f t he s ou the rn pa r t s ugges t d redg i ng , ac t i v i t i e s a re mos t l y needed as ares to ra t i on meas u re . P rec i s e mon i t o r i ng o f t h i s pa r t w i l l be needed t oana l y s e a l l i n t e rac t i ng c omponen t s i n t he s y s tem the f o l l ow i ng y ea rs .

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GUNARATNE Thanuja Mahamada Arachchige GangiAn a lys is o f K y ap p r o ach fo r assess in g th e y ie ld r esp o n se to w a te r

Promotor : P r o f . D . Raes

The overal l goal of th is thesis was to assess the use of the y ield response factor (Ky) for est imat ing crop product ion response to water and to evaluate theminimum, addi t ive and mul t ip l icat ive approaches for the calculat ion of the ef fectof water stress in successive growth stages. Avai lable data f r om Tunis for winter wheat, and Zimbabwe for maize and sorghum were used for th is study. Actualrelat ive y ield was compared wi th the s imulated relat ive y ield using the minimum,addi t ive and mul t ip l icat ive approach. The minimum approach y ields higher values for relat ive y ield than the addi t ive and mul t ip l icat ive methods,respect ively. The mul t ip l icat ive approach gives in-between values for relat ive

yield, where the addi t ive approach predicts lowest. Tunis resul ts i l lustrate acorrelat ion of 0.71 between the s imulated and the observed relat ive y ield of winter wheat and the resul ts f rom Zimbabwe show that the correlat ion values of actual relat ive y ield and s imulated relat ive y ield of maize and sorghum are morethan 0.85, when using the mul t ip l icat ive approach. Based on the obtainedresul ts the mul t ip l icat ive approach seems to be a better method to est imate therelat ive y ield than the two other tested approaches.

HAESEVOETS Annel ies

Co m p ar a t i ve s tu d y o f a su r face en er g y b a lan ce an d a so i l w a te r b a lan cem eth o d to co m p u te ac tu a l evap o t r an sp i r a t io n . Case s tu d y : No r th eas t o f S o u th A f r i ca


Actual evapotranspirat ion can be, among other methods, derived by means of asoi l water balance model or the analys is of the surface energy balance. TheBUDGET model (Raes, 2002) calculates the actual evapotr anspirat ion for a pointin space for which meteorological data, crop and soi l character is t ics areavai lable. SEBAL is a surface energy balance algori thm for the land phase,developed by Bast iaanssen (1995), us ing satel l i te informat ion as input for der iv ing actual evapotranspirat ion at regional scale. The research compares theactual evapotranspirat ion at the locat ion of selected weather stat ions using theBUDGET and SEBAL method. Both approaches were appl ied to the northeastregion of South Afr ica for the period 1 Apri l -30 June 2001, wi th the object ive toveri fy i f both methods produce comparable resul ts and examine the potent ia l i f one approach can complement the other.The v isual analys is of the computed actual evapotranspirat ion and the meanbias error cr i ter ia indicated that the SEBAL algori thm has the tendency toproduce higher actual evapotranspirat ion values than the BUDGET model . In

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addi t ion to the mean bias err or cr i ter ia, the t - test and correlat ion coeff ic ient , twoimportant stat is t ical cr i ter ia, were calculated. At some weather stat ions, thecorrelat ion coeff ic ient between the BUDGET and SEBAL est imat ions is high,al though the t - test , which compares the mean actual evapotranspirat ion values,was not s igni f icant. In th is case, a correct ion factor can be used to adjust theresul ts of the SEBAL algori thm to the est imates produced by the BUDGETmodel , g iven that the lat ter approach can be considered as the referencemethod. At other meteorological s tat ions the t - test was s igni f icant, a l though thecorrelat ion was low. With other words equal i ty of the mean actualevapotranspirat ion values does not necessari ly imply good correlat ion.The analys is, i .e. upgrading the actual evapotranspirat ion at certain points inspace using the BUDGET model to regional est imates using the SEBALapproach, as appl ied in the thesis research project can be integrated in f i re r iskassessment exerc ise. The actual evapotranspirat ion determines whether or notvegetat ion is stressed, and through that the f i re r isk.

MEEUSEN AnneI n ac t i va t io n o f Bac i l lu s Cer eu s an d Bac i l lu s S u b t i l i s sp o r es b yu l t r av io le t r ad ia t io n

Promotor : P r o f . E .R . B la tch ley

Chlor inat ion is widely used for dis infect ion of dr ink ing water. However, th ismethod of dis infect ion produces toxic or suspected carc inogenic by-products. Anal ternat ive for chlor ine dis infect ion is the use of ul t rav iolet (UV) radiat ion. I f suf f ic ient UV energy can reach the micro-organisms in the water sample, UVradiat ion can ef fect ively inact ivate micro-organisms. The dose-responsebehaviour of micro-organisms is fundamental in the design and evaluat ion of water dis infect ion plants. Rel iable inact ivat ion data are important regardingindicator pathogenic micro-organisms. At th is moment, l i t t le informat ion isavai lable on wavelength-speci f ic dose-response behaviour among waterborneorganisms to ul t rav iolet radiat ion. This thesis focused on obtaining act ionspectra for Baci l lus cereus and Baci l lus subt i l is spores for wavelangths rangingfrom 240 to 300 nm. In addi t ion, the dis infect ion capaci ty of UV radiat ion ondi f ferent types of surfaces was invest igated.

Only an act ion spectrum for Baci l lus cereus spores has been obtained. Not al lwavelengths were equal ly ef fect ive in inact ivat ing Baci l lus cereus spores. Thewavelengths of 250, 275 and 280 nm were most ef fect ive, whereas thewavelengths of 295 and 300 nm were least ef fect ive. In general , our resul tswere in agreement wi th act ion spectra publ ished in l i terature for microorganismsexcept at 254 nm.The nature of surfaces inf luenced the dis infect ion capaci ty of UV radiat ion. Theinact ivat ion of Baci l lus cereus spores seemed to be most ef fect ive on aluminumand ni t rocel lu lose membrane surfaces. Spores on paper, painted surface and

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plast ic were not inact ivated as ef fect ively. I t is hypothesized that porosi ty andother di f ferences in surface character is t ics play an important role.

NGAMENY Guy Joachim

Assessm en t o f th e su s ta in ab i l i t y o f r a in fed ag r icu l tu r e in Mar o u a ,No r th er n Cam er o o n


In order to analyse the sustainabi l i ty of rainfed agricul ture in the semi ar id areaof Maroua, Northern Cameroon, rainfal l and potent ia l evapotranspirat ion wereanalysed for the period 1977-2001. Fol lowing to previous, an analys is of theonset, cessat ion and the length of the growing season were conducted. Theoveral l methodology used to conduct th is work was a combinat ion of dynamic

(s imulat ion) and stat is t ical approaches. The rainfal l and ETo analys is showedthat rainfal l has high var iabi l i ty whi le reference evapotranspirat ion isconservat ive. I t was found that dry years are expected one year out of s ix . Theanalys is of the length of growing season revealed high var iat ions over t ime of the onset of the growing season as wel l as of the length of the growing season.Previous ref lects the complex and r isky tasks farmers face at each new croppingperiod. A not iceable relat ionship was found between the onset and the length of the growing season, whi le no relat ionship could be establ ished between annualrainfal l and onset, nor annual rainfal l and length of growing season. Crop type,soi l type, reference evapotranspirat ion and dai ly rainfal l were considered in asoi l water balance model (BUDGET) to s imulate relat ive y ield and relat iveevapotranspirat ion. This was done for 18 successive growing seasons and for maize, sorghum and cotton. The resul ts suggest that good y ields can beobtained wi th crop cul t ivars short in length and/or drought resistant and whensowing takes place in July. More research-or iented experiments could help toval idate these conclusions.

NSANZINEZA Phi lbertRech ar g e m eth o d o lo g ies: co m p ar in g WetS p ass m o d e l w i th HE L P m o d e l


The research consisted in the comparison of two mathematical hydrologicalmodels, the WetSpass and HELP model , respect ively, wi th respect to thei r capaci ty of predict ing the recharge to the aqui fer system. Al though the structureand the number of processes in each of those models are di f ferent, both modelsuse more or less the same model input. WetSpass s imulates the spat ia l pat ternof surface runoff , evapotranspirat ion and groundwater recharge, is integrated inGIS ArcView and especial ly sui table for s tudying long-term ef fects of land usechanges on the water regime of a r iver basin. The HELP model was or ig inal ly

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designed for the assessment of the hydrological performance of landf i l ls . In thecomparat ive study the input data used were: dai ly precipi tat ion, temperature,evapotranspirat ion, land use, soi l propert ies and the in i t ia l and boundarycondi t ions. The resul ts reveal that recharge rates s imulated by the HELP modelare higher than those s imulated by the Wet Spass model . The lat ter is most l ikelydue to the fact that WetSpass computed higher evapotranspirat ion rates. Theresul ts however, mainly by lack of ver i f icat ion data, are not conclusive.

QUAX BartE co n o m ica l f l o o d an a lys is : f r o m w ate r d ep th to f lo o d d am ag e co s ts . Acase s tu d y o f th e Den d er (Be lg iu m )

Promotor : P r o f . W . Bau w en s

The thesis project examined the ef fect of the relat ionship between the f looddepth and the f lood damage costs on the total and average f lood damage costs,using the f ramework developed by Vanneuvi l le (2002). The approach wasappl ied to the Dender catchment in F landers, Belgium. A sensi t iv i ty analys is wasconducted as to assess the ef fect of an error on the water depth ( f lood depth)and the shape of the stage-damage curves. The framework of Vanneuvi l le(2002) starts f rom maximal potent ia l damage losses for each land use and usesstage-damage curves to convert for each water depth the potent ia l loss to anactual damage cost. This methodology was appl ied to the Dender catchment for three f loods (return period 1, 5 and 100 years) using exact water depths. Theanalys is revealed that the total costs and the average damage increased wi ththe return period of the storm, but not as much as the potent ia l damage wouldsuggest.In the sensi t iv i ty analys is the ef fect of an error on the water depth wasexamined. With a f ixed error of 15 cm, the f inal damage costs changed by 76%.For a s impl i f ied var iable error wi th a standard deviat ion of 7.5, the boundaries of the 95% conf idence interval are 36% of the or ig inal resul t . In addi t ion the ef fectof di f ferent stage-damage curves was examined. Depending on the selectedstage-damage curve, di f ferences up to 70% were obtained. Furthermore, theeffect of a var iable error, wi th a standard deviat ion of 25% on the stage-damagecurve, was measured on the f inal resul t , us ing a Monte-Carlo s imulat ion. The

computed boundaries of the 95% interval were very narrow, less than 2%, andtherefore i t was concluded that the ef fect of an uncertainty on the f inal damagecosts is much more pronounced for water depths than for s tage-dam age curves.

ROCHA ECHEVERRIA David JhonS en s i t i v i ty an a lys is o f so i l h yd r au l i c p r o p er t i es o n su b su r face w a te r f lo w in fu r r o w s

P r o m o ter : P r o f . J . F eyen

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In the present study, an extensive sensi t iv i ty analys is was performed in order toinvest igate the ef fects of var ious soi l hydraul ic propert ies on subsurface water f low below furrows. Of part icular interest for th is research was to evaluate theeffects of di f ferent soi l hydraul ic parameters during two successive i rr igat ionevents on soi l water contents, pressure heads, and cumulat ive out let f luxes, tosee whether or not the second i rr igat ion was more sensi t ive and to analyse theeffect of spat ia l var iat ions in the in i t ia l s oi l water contents wi thin the soi l pr of i le.The sensi t iv i ty analyses were carr ied out using the HYDRUS-2D model of Simunek et al . (1999) for two i rr igat ions 10 days apart ; each i rr igat ion lasted180 min and then fol lowed atmospheric condi t ions. Resul ts showed that the f i rs ti rr igat ion event was c lear ly more sensi t ive than the second one. The lat ter wasmainly associated to the non-uni formi ty of the in i t ia l soi l water contents wi thinthe soi l prof i le. Pressure heads in the soi l prof i le were more sensi t ive thancumulat ive out let f luxes and soi l water contents. Sensi t iv i ty analys is resul ts for pressure heads, cumulat ive f luxes and water contents, indicated that in every

case the most sensi t ive parameter was n fol lowed by θs, Ks, θr , and α , being lthe least sensi t ive during both i rr igat ion events. During cumulat ive out let f luxsensi t iv i ty analyses, i t was found that sensi t iv i ty of each parameter increasedwi th t ime during the f i rs t i r r igat ion whi le the sensi t iv i ty coeff ic ients were almost

constant dur ing the second i rr igat ion except for θs, which showed a decreasingtendency during the second i rr igat ion. Pressure head sensi t iv i ty analys is for al lparameters studied, showed the least sensi t iv i ty l inked wi th the wett ing f ront asi t gradual ly moved deeper wi th t ime, and the highest sensi t iv i ty values wereobserved in those regions where the in i t ia l soi l water contents were lower.Simi lar ly for water contents higher sensi t iv i ty values appeared in the dr ier

regions during the f i rs t i r r igat ion whi le in the second i rr igat ion near the moisturefront. Both pressure heads and water contents showed some sensi t iv i ty near thesoi l surface during both i rr igat ions, suggest ing importance of evaporat ion f romthe soi l surface.

RUBARENZYA Mark HenryAn a lys is o f r a in w ate r h ar ves t in g b y P ARCHE D-T HIRS T m o d e l

Promotor : P r o f . G . Wyseu r e

The research was carr ied out for rainwater harvest ing wi th a s imulated maizecrop being grown in the two locat ions of Sorot i and Morogoro. In both cases, i twas possible to obtain a long record of agro-meteorological data for the studyarea, and to process this data for input into the PARCHED- THIRST model :(ht tp: / /www.cluwrr.ncl .ac.uk/models/parchedthi rst / index.html). Wi th this data,s imulat ions were then run on the model for two di f ferent maize var iet ies wi thscenarios of vary ing area rat ios. The intent ion was to design a sui tablerainwater harvest ing system for the study area. The di f ferences in cropproduct ion upon adopt ion of the new agricul tural technology were evaluated wi th

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the help of indicators inc luding the annual y ields, seasonal y ield di f ferences,and Water Use Eff ic iency. Thereafter, i t was possible to design the system andto test a procedure for opt imisat ion.The research shows that rainwater harvest ing is necessary for the cul t ivat ion of maize in the study areas; that increased catchment rat ios do not necessari lyt ranslate into increased y ields, therefore there is a need to opt imise the systemso as to obtain the maximum div idends per given amount of land; and that notal l crop var iet ies wi l l do wel l at a given place.

SCHEPERS BartT h e in ves t ig a t io n o f a s im p le in -s i tu e r o s io n f lu m e: th e IS E F

Promotor : P r o f . E . T o o r m an

In order to get r iver bed mater ial eroded a minimal shear stress has to beappl ied by the f low, known as the cr i t ical s tress for erosion or erosionresistance. Measurements in laboratory condi t ions usual ly are notrepresentat ive for the real natural bot toms. Therefore, measurement in the f ie ldis preferred. Several devices have been designed for th is purpose, however nonof them is t ruly rel iable. The s implest in-s i tu device is a duct , wi thout bot tom,which is placed on the sediment bed. The f low is induced by a propel ler and isc i rculated through the duct. Concentrat ions and veloci t ies are measured andstored in a data logger.The purpose of the present study is to invest igate the shear stress distr ibut ionin such a device by the use of a numerical model . Several in-s i tu erosiondevices are avai lable, such as: the Sea Carrousel , the ISEF, the PES, the ISIS,the Eromes, etc. , but for th is study the ISEF (In-Si tu Erosion Flume) wasselected. The data gained from experiments wi th the ISEF were compared wi thf indings in an earl ier s tudy by Houwing (1998), and consequent ly wi th theresul ts of a numerical s imulat ion of the f lu id f low ins ide the ISEF. The veloci typrof i le computed out of the numerical model , us ing smooth wal ls f i ts very wel linto the measurements wi th the ISEF, using a smooth bed. The experimentaltests, as wel l as the numerical s imulat ion, show that the shear stressdistr ibut ion over the test sect ion of the ISEF is not uni form. Therefore, a c lear relat ionship between the veloci t ies at the beginning and end of the test sect ion

is required.

SOOKHRAZ SanjayS u b le th a l e f fec ts o f t r ib u ty l t in o n r ep r o d u c t io n in m ed aka (O r yz iasla t ip es )

Promotor : P r o f . F . O l l ev ie r

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Sexual ly mature medaka f ish (Oryzias lat ipes ) were exposed for a period of s ixweeks to sublethal concentrat ions of t r ibuty l t in (1, 10 and 100 ppt) and theeffects on the reproduct ion were evaluated based on fecundi ty , hatching rates,sperm mot i l i ty , gonadosomatic index and histology of the gonads. Experimentswere conducted in a cont inuous water f low system in which the respect ive TBTsolut ions were renewed on a regular basis (2 l /day). Fecundi ty of the female f ishwas determined by count ing produced eggs on a dai ly basis for a period of onemonth. Eggs were incubated ei ther in c lean or parental water and the hatchingrates were calculated at hatching of al l eggs. Af ter 5 weeks of exposure, the f ishwere sacr i f iced to determine the gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index andcondi t ion factor. Computer Assisted Sperm Analys is (CASA) was used todetermine sperm mot i l i ty of the male f ish. Testes and ovaries were embedded inLR whi te resin for his tology. Larvae hatched from eggs col lected on the last dayof sampl ing were incubated in parental water and were grown in c lean water unt i l sexual matur i ty to const i tute the f i rs t generat ion of maternal ly exposed f ish. A dec l i ne i n f ec und i t y and ha t c h i ng ra tes was obs e rv ed on l y i n the 100 pp t

T B T t rea tmen t o f t he pa ren ta l f i s h , wh i l e reduc ed s pe rm mo t i l i t y wasobs e rv ed i n 10 pp t T B T c ond i t i on . H i s t o l ogy o f t he gonads d i d no t r ev ea lany abno rma l e f f ec t s on t he gonada l c e l l s , p robab l y due t o t he v e ry l owc onc en t ra t i ons o f T B T and t he s ho r t du ra t i on o f ex pos u re . Dec reas e i nf ec und i t y was a l s o obs e rv ed f o r t he f i r s t gene ra t i on f i s h i n 100 pp tc ond i t i on i nd i c a t i ng i nhe r i t anc e o f e f f ec t f r om the pa ren t s . I t was c onc l udedtha t 100 pp t c onc en t ra t i on o f T B T was h i gh enough t o a f f ec t t he f ec und i t yo f f ema l e f i s h and ha t c h i ng ra tes o f t he i r eggs wh i l e 10 pp t T B T a f f ec tedthe mo t i l i t y o f s pe rma toz oa i n ma l e f i s h . T h i s s t udy demons t ra tes t ha tt r i bu t y l t i n a f f ec t r ep roduc t i on i n medak a ev en a t s ub l e tha l c onc en t ra t i on

and t he e f f ec t i s t r ans fe r red t o t he o f f s p r i ng and t hus a mu l t i - gene ra t i ontes t w i l l he l p unde rs tand be t t e r t he t ox i c i t y mec han i s m.

SUTAN Royansyah Co m p ar iso n b e tw een tw o so i l w a te r b a lan ce m o d e ls (BUDG E T &CRO P S Y S T )


T he t hes i s res ea rc h c ons i s t ed i n t he c ompar i s on o f two s o i l wa te r ba l anc emode l s , t he B UDG E T mode l and t he C ropS y s t , c ropp i ng s y s tem s i mu l a to r .Raes (2002 ) o f t he Labo ra to ry o f S o i l and W a te r Managemen t (K .U .Leuv en ,B e l g i um) dev e l oped t he B UDG E T mode l and S töc k l e and Ne l s on (1990 ) o f t he B i o l og i c a l S y s tems E ng i nee r i ng Depa r tmen t o f t he W as h i ng ton S ta teUn i v e rs i t y , US A , dev e l oped CropS y s t . B o th app roac hes requ i re c l i ma te ,c rop and s o i l da ta as i npu t . T he B UDG E T mode l ana l y s es t he s o i l wa te r ba l anc e and p red i c t s c rop res pons e t o t he wa te r av a i l ab i l i t y i n t he p ro f i l e

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r oo t z one us i ng t he F A O app roac h (Doo renbos and K as s am, 1979 ) .C ropS y s t i s a mu l t i - y ea r , mu l t i - c rop , and da i l y s t ep c rop g row th s i mu l a t i onmode l . T h i s mode l s i mu l a tes i n add i t i on t o t he s o i l wa te r budge t , a l s o t hes o i l n i t r ogen budge t , and t he c rop b i omas s i n res pons e t o wa te r andn i t r ogen . F u r t he rmore C ropS y s t s i mu l a tes s o i l wa te r e ros i on and t het rans po r t and f a t e o f pes t i c i des . T he mode l s d i f f e r i n t he way t he res pons eo f t he c rop t o wa te r i s c a l c u l a ted .Da ta f o r t he c ompar i s on o f bo th mode l s we re t ak en f rom the Ru f i j i ’ sf l oodp l a i n i n T anz an i a , f o r t he s eas on 26 Dec ember 2001 - 29 A p r i l 2002 .T he ana l y s i s was c onduc ted f o r ma i z e . B o th mode l s p rov i ded c omparab l ev a r i a t i ons i n s o i l wa te r c on ten t . Compar i ng t he s i mu l a ted c rop y i e l ds , t heB UDG E T mode l p red i c t ed a re l a t i v e y i e l d o f 77% , whe reas C ropS y s tp red i c t ed a ra t i o o f 83% be tween t he ac tua l and t he po ten t i a l y i e l d . Res u l t so f t he B UDG E T mode l we re a l s o c ompared t o obs e rv ed s o i l mo i s t u rec on ten t da ta , c o l l ec ted i n T un i s i a . T he ag reemen t be tween meas u red andobs e rv ed s o i l wa te r c on ten t da ta , and obs e rv ed and c ompu ted re l a t i v e

y i e l d , was ac c ep tab l e , i nd i c a t i ng t ha t t he B UDG E T mode l , g i v en t he c o r rec tc ho i c e o f mode l pa rame te rs , i s ab l e t o rec ons t ruc t t he s o i l wa te r ba l anc edu r i ng t he g row i ng s eas on and p red i c t t he y i e l d reduc t i on due t o wa te r s t res s .

VANHAM Davy Water b a lan ce o f th e Cu tu ch i r i ve r b as in (E cu ad o r ) fo r tw o scen ar io s o f l an d d eve lo p m en t


T he ma i n ob j ec t i v e o f t he t hes i s res ea rc h p ro j ec t was t he c a l c u l a t i on o f t hemon th l y wa te r ba l anc e o f t he Cu tuc h i r i v e r bas i n f o r two d i f f e ren t l and us es i t ua t i ons , i . e . t he ac tua l and a hy po the t i c a l s i t ua t i on . T he Cu tuc h i r i v e r bas i n , 2 , 670 k m 2 i n a rea , i s s i t ua ted i n t he A ndes moun ta i n range i nE c uado r , s ou th o f t he c ap i t a l Q u i t o , and be l ongs t o t he A maz on wa te rs hed .T he c u r ren t l and us e i s ma i n l y ag r i c u l t u re , o f t en i r r i ga ted , w i t h u rbanpa t c hes . I ndus t r y i s o f m i no r i mpo r t anc e i n t he bas i n . T he ma i n wa te r us esa re i r r i ga t i on and t he gene ra t i on o f hy d ro -e l ec t r i c i t y , and t o a l es s e r ex ten t

domes t i c us e . I n t he hy po the t i c a l l and us e s i t ua t i on i t i s as s umed t ha t l a rgea reas a re f o res ted t o reduc e p r i ma r i l y e ros i on and t ha t t he i r r i ga ted a rea i sl a rge r . T he wa te r ba l anc e on a mon th l y bas i s f o r t he c u r ren t andhy po the t i c a l s i t ua t i on i s made us i ng t he M IK E B A S IN s o f twa re , a mode l l i ngtoo l f o r r i v e r bas i n p l ann i ng and managemen t , c omp l e te l y i n t eg ra ted w i t h Ar cV i ew GIS , and d i s t r i bu ted by the Dan is h Hy d rau l ic Ins t i t u t e . R i v er bas inmanagemen t and p l ann i ng f o r a bas i n may b road l y be c onc e i v ed as ana t t emp t t o i den t i f y t he bes t pos s i b l e u t i l i s a t i on o f t he av a i l ab l e wa te r res ou rc es g i v en t he s pa t i a l d i s t r i bu t i on o f s o i l s , l and us e , ag r i c u l t u ra l ,eng i nee r i ng and s oc i a l c ons t ra i n t s .

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The analys is revealed that (a) when water demand for hydropower is notinc luded, general ly 90% of the water demand is for i r r igat ion purposes for boththe current and hypothet ical land use s i tuat ions, and for al l three condi t ions -dry, normal and wet- analysed; (b) the current planning and management resul tsin water shortages in several i r r igat ion schemes in dry spel l per iods, however di f ferent act ions ( i .e. , cul t ivat ion of less water demanding crops, improvement of the scheme ef f ic iencies, the instal lat ion of reservoi rs, etc.) can be un dertaken tominimise and avoid i rr igat ion def ic i ts ; and (c) for further analys is i t would beopt imal i f the MIKE BASIN software is combined wi th a hydrological model to geta more accurate assessment of the runoff as a funct ion of the land use.

VU Hoc Khac Hyp er sp ec t r a l veg e ta t io n an d w ate r q u a l i ty m ap p in g o f th e Do o d eBem d e w et lan d

P r o m o ter : Dr s . O . Ba te laan

The research aimed at test ing the use of ai rborne hyperspectral image data for determining the abundance fract ion of vegetat ion, land cover, the distr ibut ion of vegetat ion communi t ies, and the mapping of water qual i ty . The data for theanalys is were col lected by ground measurements and ai r . During three f l ightspictures were col lected using the CASI-SWIR sensor, covering 96 spectral bandswi thin the wavelength range between 428 and 971 nm. The survey covered anarea of approximate 1.3 km 2 of the nature reserve Doode Bemde, s i tuated in thecentre of Belgium. The image data were cal ibrated and converted to ref lectancedata. The vegetat ion f ract ion abundance map of the surveyed area was createdbased on the end-members, extracted di rect ly f rom the images using thespectral l inear unmix ing model . The Spectral Angle Mapper superv isedclassi f icat ion method was appl ied for mapping land cover, inc luding the mappingof the distr ibut ion of vegetat ion communi t ies. Approximately 53% grasscommuni t ies, 28% deciduous trees and 4% water covers the study area. Theanalys is revealed that chlorophyl l concentrat ion is strongly correlated wi th theband rat ios R550/R590 nm and R700/R670 nm, and water turbidi ty is highlycorrelated wi th the f i rs t der ivat ive of R700 and R675 nm. The chlorophyl l -aconcentrat ion values in the water in the ponds in the study area range between

0 and 35 mg m - 3 and the water turbidi ty values vary between 3.5 and 9 N TU. Thelat ter were determined by apply ing the empir ical equat ion developed by Naseer A. Shaf ique et a l . (1999) .

YIRDAW ZELEKE Si totawHyp er sp ec t r a l r em o te sen s in g an d g r o u n d w ate r s im u la t io n fo r d e tec t in gr ip ar ian w e tn ess g r ad ien ts


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I n t he p res en t s t udy , an i n t eg ra ted hy pe rs pec t ra l r emo te s ens i ng and G ISbas ed me thodo l ogy i s dev e l oped and t es ted f o r t he ev a l ua t i on o f t heg roundwa te r f l ow s y s tem o f t he Doode B emde we t l and , i n t he v a l l ey o f t heD i j l e R i v e r , B e l g i um. I n t he t hes i s p ro j ec t t h ree as pec t s we re s t ud i ed ,name l y : ( a ) t he s e t t i ng -up o f a 3 -D g roundwa te r mode l o f t he reg i on us i ngMO DF LO W , (b ) ex t rac t i on o f i n f o rma t i on abou t t he g roundwa te r f l ow s y s temf rom CA S I -S W IR hy pe rs pec t ra l da ta us i ng E NV I 3 .5 s o f twa re , and ( c )c ompar i s on o f eac h i nd i v i dua l CA S I -S W IR band w i t h t he s i mu l a tedg roundwa te r dep th and d i s c ha rge - rec ha rge z ones . T he s i mu l a ted d i s c ha rgea reas we re v e r i f i ed by hy pe rs pec t ra l r emo te s ens ed da ta . T he f i r s t p r i nc i p l ec omponen t i s f ound t o be t he bes t f o r t he i den t i f i c a t i on o f r ec ha rge z onesi n t he s t udy a rea . A n a rea c ros s - t abu l a t i on two -d i mens i ona l t ab l e , t ha ts ummar i z es t he ae r i a l ov e r l ap o f a l l t he pos s i b l e c omb i na t i ons o f t he twoi npu t maps ( f r om the hy d ro l og i c a l mode l and t he i mage ) , o r an e r ro r ma t r i xwas app l i ed f o r ex p res s i ng t he c l as s i f i c a t i on ac c u rac y . T he c o r re l a t i on

v a l ues be tween 0 .6 and 0 .65 a re obs e rv ed on t he wav e l eng th doma i n f r om0 .90 t o 1 .30 µ m and on t he f i r s t p r i nc i p l e c omponen t w i t h t he g roundwa te r dep th . T hes e bands a re among t he bes t f o r us e as a s ou rc e o f i n f o rma t i on

fo r s ha l l ow g roundwa te r dep th (up t o 1 .5 m) unde r na tu ra l g ras s l and.

MSc-Theses for the Interuniversi ty

Programme in Physical Land Resources(PHYLARES)

ACHARYA GovindG IS Ap p r o ach fo r S lo p e S tab i l i t y R isk An a lys is : A Case S tu d y f r o mNep a l


S l ope s tab i l i t y ana l y s i s on reg i ona l s c a l e has been c a r r i ed ou t f o r t heno r t he rn pa r t o f Ras uwa d i s t r i c t i n Nepa l c ov e r i ng 409 .3 k m 2 app l y i ngi n f i n i t e s l ope me thod . T o ta l e i gh t r es u l t s f r om v a r i ous re tu rn pe r i ods andhy po the t i c a l s a tu ra t i on ( c omp l e te l y d ry , ha l f and f u l l y s a tu ra ted )env i ronmen ts hav e been ex am i ned du r i ng t he ana l y s i s . W e tnes s i ndex f o r t hos e res pec t i v e re tu rn pe r i ods we re c ompu ted bas ed on t he da i l yp rec i p i t a t i on da ta f o r 20 y ea rs s t a r t i ng f r om 1972 . I n o rde r t o p red i c t t hep rec i p i t a t i on f o r v a r i ous re tu rn pe r i ods , Log P ea rs on t y pe I I I me thod wasemp l oy ed runn i ng t he S mada 6 , hy d ro l og i c a l s o f twa re . T he res u l t s howed

tha t t he a rea f a l l i ng i n t he l owe r t h res ho l d s l op i ng z one ranged f rom 0 .21%

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when t he s o i l was c omp l e te l y d ry t o 7 .11% unde r t he c omp l e te l y s a tu ra tedc ond i t i on . A rea f a l l i ng i n t he s t ab l e s l op i ng z one was dec reas ed f rom 85 t o47% f rom c omp l e te l y d ry t o f u l l y s a tu ra ted c ond i t i on . O n t he o the r hand , t hea rea f a l l i ng i n t he mode ra te l y s t ab l e , quas i - s t ab l e and l owe r t h res ho l ds l op i ng z one we re f ound i nc reas i ng s i gn i f i c an t l y w i t h g radua l i nc reas e i nt he s a tu ra t i on i ndex . S i m i l a r l y , t he av e rage dec reas e i n s a fe t y f ac to r w i t hi nc reas e i n s l ope gav e a l i nea r re l a t i ons h i p .

DUY BINH NguyenI n teg r a t in g r em o te ly sen sed an d g eo p h ys ica l d a ta fo r g eo lo g ica l s tu d yin T am d u o n g – NW V ie tn am


G eo l og i c a l maps des c r i be t he d i s t r i bu t i on o f geo l og i c a l f ea tu res w i t h i n al andmas s . I n f o rma t i on f r om s u r f ac e mapp i ng i s c ommon l y us ed t o pos tu l a tethe d i s t r i bu t i on o f geo l og i c a l f ea tu res i n t he s ubs u r f ac e . S u r f ac egeo l og i c a l f ea tu res may be t rac eab l e i n bed roc k ou t c ropp i ngs (g rounds u rv ey s ) , f r om a i r pho tog raphs (pho togeo l og i c a l r ec onna i s s anc e ) and /o r f r om s a te l l i t e i mages . I n t he s ubs u r f ac e , geo l og i c a l f ea tu res may bepe rc ep t i b l e i n bo reho l es , c u t t i ngs and /o r s u r f ac e geophy s i c s me thods .T hes e l ead t o an i dea t ha t geophy s i c a l da ta s hou l d be i n t eg ra ted w i t hremo te l y s ens ed da ta bec aus e t hes e two s ou rc es o f da ta c an c omp l emen teac h o the r .W i t h two da ta s ou rc es : r emo te l y s ens ed da ta and geophy s i c a l da tac o r res pond i ng t o s u r f ac e and s ubs u r f ac e geo l ogy as pec t s , t h i s repo r t a i msa t p res en t i ng t he i n t eg ra t i ng t hos e da ta i n geo l og i c a l s t ud i es , a c as e s tudyi n T am Duong , NW V i e tnam.

MY LINH NguyenS tab i l i z a t io n o f Kao l in i t i c so i l f r o m V ie t Nam fo r co n s t r u c t io n p u r p o ses

Promotor : P r o f . J . Was t ie ls

Nowaday s s t ab i l i z a t i on s o i l s hav e been us ed w i de l y i n c ons t ruc t i onpu rpos e . T h i s res ea rc h i s one o f many s o i l s t ab i l i z a t i on app l i c a t i ons . T hep roc es s c ons i s t s o f c hang i ng NaO H quan t i t i e s , and t hen t he mou l ded andc u red s pec i mens a re s ub j ec ted t o v a r i ous t es t s t o ev a l ua te t he i r r es pons eto t he s t ab i l i z a t ion .I n t h i s res ea rc h , t he s o i l s amp l es we re t ak en f rom V i e tnam whe re t he re a rea l o t o f k ao l i n m i nes and t he k ao l i n qua l i t y i s v e ry good .T he res u l t s howed t ha t t he s t ab i l i s ed s o i l s hav e been t es ted oni mprov emen t i n s t reng th , dens i t y . I f amoun t o f s and s u i t ed w i t h c l ay andNaO H, t he dens i t y bec omes h i ghe r . B y c ons i de r i ng dens i t y , wa te r

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abs o rp t i on and s t reng ths , bes t r es u l t s f o r T B 1 and HK 1 hav e ob ta i ned bythe c ompos i t i on o f 5% NaO H and 4 .4% NaO H, c o r res pond i ng l y . T he T B 1c l ay s how l owe r s t reng th t han HK 1 c l ay and i n bo th g i v en NaO H c on ten t ,t he add i t i on o f s and s howed i mp rov emen t i n s t reng th t o op t i mum v a l ue . T hemax i mum s t reng th o f ma te r i a l was ob ta i ned 44 .91k N /m 2 unde r d ry c ond i t i on .I t was c onc l uded t ha t k ao l i n i t i c s o i l s c an be s t ab i l i z ed s uc c es s fu l l y w i t hNaO H and s and t o f o rm an ene rgy s av i ng s t rong and du rab l e c ons t ruc t i onma te r i a l .

SANCHEZ ALARCON Juan FernandoS o i l m o is tu r e es t im at io n b y h yp er sp ec t r a l r em o te sen s in g in th e Do o d eBem d e a r ea in th e va l l ey o f th e D i j l e r i ve r , F lan d er s , Be lg iu m


T h i s s t udy i s f oc us ed on t he ex am i na t i on o f t he u t i l i t y o f us i ng a i rbo rneh i gh - res o l u t i on hy pe rs pec t ra l r emo te s ens i ng t o meas u re s o i l mo i s t u rec on ten t . T he ac c u rac y o f t he es t i ma t i on was v a l i da ted us i ng g roundre fe renc e da ta t ha t i nc l uded s o i l mo i s t u re meas u remen ts c o l l ec ted w i t ht he ta p robes i n t he s t udy f i e l d a t s pec i f i c l oc a t i ons . T wo ma i n ana l y s eswere pe r f o rmed i n o rde r t o f u l f i l l t he requ i remen ts o f t h i s i nv es t i ga t i on ,F i e l d da ta ana l y s i s and Hy pe rs pec t ra l Remo te S ens i ng ana l y s i s . F i e l d da taana l y s i s was pe r f o rmed on s o i l mo i s t u re meas u remen ts t ak en t he s ame dayas t he remo te l y s ens ed i mages we re ac qu i red ; i n t e rpo l a t i on o f t hes emeas u remen ts was done i n o rde r t o c rea te a d i g i t a l s u r f ac e mode l i n t e rmso f s o i l mo i s t u re . O the r ana l y s i s we re pe r f o rmed on t he f i e l d da ta , es pec i a l l yt o f i nd t he mo i s tu re behav i ou r o f t he s o i l i n t he s t udy fi e l d in a pe r i od o f two mon ths , t he res u l t s rev ea l t ha t t he s o i l mo i s t u re c on ten t i nc reas ed upto 25% i n a l mos t t he en t i r e a rea i n t he f i r s t 30 day s , and more t han 41% i na pe r i od o f 60 day s . S o i l mo i s t u re d i s t r i bu t i on i n t he s t udy f i e l d i s l i n k ed t ot he re l i e f o f t he a rea . Hy pe rs pec t ra l Remo te s ens i ng ana l y s i s waspe r f o rmed on hy pe rs pec t ra l i mage ry ac qu i red t he s ame day as t he f i e l dmeas u remen ts we re done . T he ana l y z ed i mage ry be l ongs t o t he CA S Is ens o r , and c ons i s t s o f 96 B ands rang i ng f r om 0 .4280um to 0 .9710um w i t ha p i x e l r es o l u t i on o f 2 . 44by 2 .44 me te rs . Res u l t s s how t ha t t he bes t s u i t ed

wav e l eng th doma i n t o es t i ma te s o i l mo i s t u re i s l oc a ted i n t he Nea r I n f ra redpa r t o f t he s pec t rum, f r om 0 .9140um (B and89 ) t o 0 .9710um (B and96 ) . T hec o r re l a t i on f ac to r f o r t h i s wav e l eng th doma i n was abov e 0 .82 c ompared w i t hf i e l d obs e rv a t i ons .

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THANPORNANUN INTIRAS tab i l i z a t io n o f Kao l in i t i c so i l f r o m T h a i l an d fo r co n s t r u c t io n p u r p o ses

P r o m o to r : P r o f . J . Was t ie ls

T he p r i ma ry ob j ec t i v e o f t h i s s t udy was t o ev a l ua te t he qua l i t y ands u i t ab i l i t y o f K ao l i n i t i c s o i l f r om T ha i l and . T hus , t he pos s i b i l i t y o f us i ng t hem i ne ra l po l y mer i z a t i on t ec hn i que f o r c ons t ruc t i on pu rpos e . I no rgan i cpo l y mer i z a t i on re fe rs t o t he reac t i ons be tween a l k a l i (NaO H) and g roup o f a l um i nos i l i c a tes m i ne ra l s a re f o rmed . T o ac h i ev e t hes e ob j ec t i v e , t h reed i f f e ren t s o i l s amp l es we re b rough t f r om Lumpang P rov i nc e t ha t l oc a ted t heNor th o f T ha i l and . Res u l t s on c ompres s i v e s t reng th a re ob ta i ned es t i ma tea t 25 MP a f o r d r y c ond i t i on and 8 .0 t o 9 MP a f o r i mmers ed and c y c l i ngc ond i t i on . W i t h i n t he ma i n v a r i ab l es be i ng pa r t i c l e rep l ac emen ts o f c ompos i t i on by 100 o f c l ay , 125 o f s and , 10 o f NaO H and 20 o f wa te r

c on ten t i n t he f r ac t i on .

Doctoral Theses at the DepartmentOf Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering

EL IDRYSY El HoucyneHyd r o g eo lo gica l s tu d y o f th e T r i fa aq u i fe r , b ased o n a m u l t id isc ip l in a r yap p r o ach u s in g g eo s ta t i s t i cs , G IS , an d n u m er ica l m o d e l l in g


T he p l a i n o f T r i f a i s t he mos t p roduc t i v e ag r i c u l t u ra l a rea o f eas te rnMoroc c o . T he g roundwa te r o f T r i f a , be i ng t he ma i n s ou rc e o f wa te r f o r s upp l y i ng t he p l a i n w i t h i r r i ga t ion and domes t i c wa te r , i s a v i t a l na tu ra lres ou rc e f o r t he p l a i n and t he en t i r e ne i ghbo r i ng reg i on bec aus e t he

reg i ona l ec onomy i s l a rge l y bas ed on ag r i c u l t u ra l ac t i v i t i e s . T hedev e l opmen t o f t he ag r i c u l t u re du r i ng t he l as t dec ades i nc reas ed t he f l ux o f human i mmi g ra t i on and s o t he r i s k o f dep l e t i on and c on tam i na t i on o f t heg roundwa te r . T he dep l e t i on p rob l em i s due t o ex tens i v e us e o f t heg roundwa te r i n i r r i ga t i on , wh i c h , a f t e r ev apo t rans p i ra t i on , i nc reas es s a l tc onc en t ra t i on i n t he roo t s z one . Du r i ng ra i ny s eas ons , t he s a l t i s l eac hedand c a r r i ed t o g roundwa te r by i n f i l t r a t i on . T o be ab l e t o p red i c t t he f u t u ret rend , t o as s es s t he c on tam i na t i on r i s k s and p l an pos s i b l e managemen tac t i ons , we hav e t o unde rs tand t he f unc t i on i ng mec han i s m o f t he aqu i f e r s y s tem and i t s reg i ona l env i ronmen t . T he re fo re , t he ma i n goa l o f t h i s s t udy

i s t o c ons t ruc t numer i c a l mode l s t ha t r ep roduc e t he s u r f ac e -wa te r and

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g roundwa te r s y s tems , and t he i r i n t e rac t i on . G eos ta t i s t i c s , G IS , ande l ec t r i c a l me thod a re us ed t o es t i ma te t he i npu t pa rame te rs o f t he mode l s .T hes e numer i c a l mode l s w i l l a l s o be v e ry us e fu l t oo l s t o i nv es t i ga te t hee f f ec t o f a l t e rna t i v e wa te r and l and us e s c ena r i os , pos s i b l e c l i ma te c hange ,and o the r po ten t i a l s ou rc es o f c on tam i na t i on .

GEBREMESKEL GUANGUL Sei fuMo d e l l in g th e e f fec t o f c l im ate an d l an d -u se ch an g es o n th eh yd r o lo g ica l p r o cesses : an in teg r a ted G IS an d d is t r ib u ted m o d e l l in gap p r o ach


T h i s res ea rc h wo rk i nv es t i ga tes t he e f f ec t s o f l and -us e and c l i ma te c hanges

on t he hy d ro l og i c a l p roc es s es us i ng t he W e tS pa d i s t r i bu ted hy d ro l og i cmode l . A c as e s tudy o f r i v e r res to ra t i on , e f f ec t s o f a l t e rna te s c ena r i os o f l and -us e and c l i ma te c hanges a re ana l y s ed f o r a bas i n l oc a ted i n t heG rand -Duc hy o f Lux embou rg .F i r s t , t he e f f ec t s o f na tu ra l r i v e r res to ra t i on t o m i t i ga te f l ood i ng i ss i mu l a ted by res to r i ng f i r s t and s ec ond o rde r s t reams t o t he i r na tu ra lc ond i t i ons , s o t ha t obs t ruc t i on and res i s t anc e t o t he f l ow i nc reas es . T heres to ra t i on s i mu l a t i on res u l t i nd i c a te t ha t na tu ra l r es to ra t i on o f t he l owe r o rde r s t reams c an reduc e t he v o l ume peak d i s c ha rge by 12% and de l ay t het i me o f c onc en t ra t i on by a f ew hou rs downs t ream.F o r l and -us e c hange ana l y s i s , t h ree s c ena r i os a re i nv es t i ga ted :u rban i z a t i on , de fo res ta t i on and a f f o res ta t i on . T he c ompar i s ons o f r es u l t sf o r eac h s c ena r i o s how t ha t u rban i z a t i on c an i nc reas e t he v o l ume o f peakf l oods by as muc h as 26% . De fo res ta t i on a l s o i nc reas es peak d i s c ha rgesbu t t o a l es s e r ex ten t t han u rban i z a t i on . T he res u l t f o r t he a f f o res ta t i ons c ena r i o i nd i c a tes t ha t peak f l ows c an i nc reas e by as muc h as 5 .3% .Moreov e r , t he a f f o res ta t i on s c ena r i o i s f ound t o i nc reas e s o i l mo i s t u re andbas e f l ow . F o r t he s i mu l a t i on o f t he e f f ec t o f c l i ma te c hange i n t he bas i n , as ta t i s t i c a l r e l a t i ons h i p o f obs e rv ed da i l y p rec i p i t a t i on t o Na t i ona l Cen t re f o r E nv i ronmen ta l P red i c t i on (NCE P ) reana l y s i s da ta i s f o rmu l a ted f o r pe r i od1961 t o 1990 . T hen , t he W e tS pa s i mu l a t i on w i t h downs c a l ed da ta i s v e r i f i ed

fo r t he pe r i od 1997 t o 2000 , f o r wh i c h obs e rv ed t empera tu re , p rec i p i t a t i onand s t reamf l ow a re av a i l ab l e . F u tu re i mp l emen ta t i on i s pe r f o rmed w i t hp red i c t o r v a r i ab l es f r om the c oup l ed HadCM3 a tmos phe re -oc ean gene ra lc i r c u l a t i on mode l ex pe r i men t s f r om U .K . Me teo ro l og i c a l O f f i c e , Had l eyCen t re t ha t has been f o rc ed w i t h A 2 I n t e rgov e rnmen ta l P ane l on C l i ma teChange ( IP CC) em i s s i on s c ena r i os . T he res u l t o f t he c l i ma te ana l y s i si nd i c a tes t ha t t he f r equenc y o f f l ood i ng and magn i t ude i s ex pec ted t oi nc reas e i n t he f u t u re .

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THANH TAM VuCh ar ac te r i z a t io n o f a Kar s t i c sys tem b y an in teg r a t i ve an d m u l t i -ap p r o ach sys tem . A case s tu d y o f S u o i Mu o i an d Nam L a ca tch m en ts inNo r th w est V ie tn am

Promotor : P r o f . F . De S m ed tCo -p r o m o to r : P r o f . A . Dassar g u es

T h i s res ea rc h wo rk , c a r r i ed ou t w i t h i n t he f r amework o f t he p ro j ec t A 3210and f unded by t he F l em i s h Un i v e rs i t y Counc i l (V L IR ) , i nv es t i ga teshy d rogeo l og i c a l c ha rac te r i s t i c s o f t he h i gh l y moun ta i nous f rac tu red andk a rs t i f i ed c a rbona te roc k s i n t he S uo i Muo i and Nam La c a t c hmen ts i n NW

V i e tnam. I n t he s t udy a rea , t he r i v e rs o f S uo i Muo i and Nam La d ra i n t heen t i r e s u r f ac e and g round wa te r and d i s appea r unde rg round a t t hec a t c hmen t ou t l e t . I n t eg ra t i v e and mu l t i - app roac h s tud i es on t hegeos t ruc tu re , t he c av e dev e l opmen t , t r ac e r t es t s , s t reamf l ow c omponen t s ,and t i me s e r i es ana l y s es on t he ra i n f a l l and s t reamf l ow a re c a r r i ed ou t . T heres u l t s hows t ha t i n t he s t udy a rea t he g roundwa te r ma i n l y res i des i n t hehos t roc k f r ac tu res and t ec ton i c l i neamen ts . T he c av e rnous c ondu i t s ac t asc onv ey e rs and ga l l e r i es t o d ra i n t he c a t c hmen t t o d i s c ha rge po i n t ( s ) andthe i r g roundwa te r s t o rage i s reg i ona l l y i ns i gn i f i c an t . I n add i t i on , ana l y s i son t he re l a t i ons h i p be tween l i neamen t - l eng th dens i t y and bo reho l e s pec i f i c

c apac i t y po i n t s ou t t ha t no t on l y t he bo reho l e geomorpho l og i c a l pos i t i on bu ta l s o t he l i neamen t d i s t r i bu t i on i n f l uenc e t he s pec i f i c c apac i t y . T ha t i s ,bo reho l es i n d i s c ha rge a reas hav e a h i ghe r s pec i f i c c apac i t y t han i nrec ha rge a reas , and i n rec ha rge a reas t he h i gh l i neamen t - l eng th dens i t yi nd i c a tes a h i gh s pec i f i c c apac i t y . I n t e rp re ta t i on o f r ec ov e ry we l l t es t s i nt he s t udy a rea s hows t ha t t he t r ans m i s s i v i t y o f t he k a rs t i c aqu i f e r s i ss pa t i a l l y v a r i ab l e bu t we l l c omparab l e t o t he v a l ues repo r t ed i n l i t e ra tu refo r c a rbona te roc k s o f s ec onda ry po ros i t y . Hy d rody nam i c p rope r t i es o f t heNam La R i v e r ’ s unde rg round c ondu i t s , i nc l ud i ng t he s y s tem memory , t heres pons e t i me , and t he s y s tem i npu t -ou tpu t mean de l ay , a re a l s o rev ea l ed .

I t i s a l s o s hown t ha t du r i ng h i gh f l ow pe r i ods , when t he i n f l ow ex c eeds t hes y s tem c onv ey i ng c apac i t y , t he c ondu i t l oc a l l y bec omes unde r p res s u re andthe r i v e r wa te r c an t empora r i l y s t o red i n t he Nong Lua do l i ne .

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5. RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT andDISSEMINATION

Bilateral Scientific and Technical Cooperationwith Poland Biebrza wetland research

2003 was t he f i na l y ea r o f t he p ro j ec t “E c o l og i c a l r es pons es t o c hang i nghy d ro l og i c a l c ond i t i ons i n f l oodp l a i ns ” , t he “B i eb rz a we t l ands (No r t h -E as tP o l and ) p ro j ec t ” . I n t h i s p ro j ec t , f i nanc ed f rom F l em i s h Commun i t y , t heLabo ra to ry o f Hy d rau l i c s o f t he Un i v e rs i t y o f G en t (UG ) , t he Depa r tmen t o f Hy d ro l ogy and Hy d rau l i c E ng i nee r i ng (V UB ) , t he A g r i c u l t u ra l Un i v e rs i t y o f

W ars aw and t he Un i v e rs i t y o f A n twe rp (UA ) , Depa r tmen t o f B i o l ogy(p romo to r ) c oope ra te . T he p ro j ec t s t ud i es t he i mpo r t an t i n t e rac t i onsbe tween hy d ro l ogy and ec o l ogy i n t he uppe r B i eb rz a R i v e r Ca t c hmen t .Du r i ng 2003 t he s t udy o f t he s u r f ac e and g roundwa te r dy nam i c s andi n te rac t i on and nu t r i en t c y c l i ng c on t i nued by way o f meas u remen tc ampa i gns (24 -30 A p r i l , J . S ev e ry ns , B . V e rbe i ren , E . V e rbek en and O .B a te l aan ) . O n Dec ember 8 a f i na l wo rk s hop was o rgan i z ed i n A n twe rp , f o r t he Depa r tmen t p res en ta t i ons we re g i v en by B . V e rbe i ren and O . B a te l aan .P ro f . S . I gna r v i s i t ed t he depa r tmen t f r om 12 -17 A ugus t f o r d i s c us s i ons. I r . A . Maks y mi uk , D r . I . K a rde l and R . M ic ha lows k i s t ay ed f rom 24- 31 Augus ta t t he Depa r tmen t , wh i l e O . B a te l aan s tay ed a t t he A g r i c u l t u ra l Un i v e rs i t yo f W ars aw (29 /11 -5 /12 ) t o wo rk on t he g roundwa te r mode l o f t he Uppe r B i eb rz a . A l t hough t h i s p ro j ec t f i n i s hed , c o -ope ra t i on i n B i eb rz a and i n t hef i e l d o f we t l and res ea rc h w i t h t hes e pa r t ne rs w i l l c on t i nue by way o f t heW E T HY DRO p ro j ec t and a F W O p ro j ec t .

O. Bate laan, B. Verbeiren, J . Severyns, E. Verbeken.

Centre of Excellence in Wetland

Hydrology: WETHYDROT he depa r tmen t i s pa r t ne r i n a res ea rc h p ro j ec t s uppo r t ed by t he E u ropeanCommi s s i on unde r t he F i f t h F ramework P rog ramme and c on t r i bu t i ng t o t hei mp l emen ta t i on o f t he K ey A c t i on "S us ta i nab l e Managemen t and Q ua l i t y o f W a te r " . T he ov e ra l l ob j ec t i v e o f t he W E T HY DRO p ro j ec t i s t o i nc reas e t hes c i en t i f i c po ten t i a l o f t he Depa r tmen t o f Hy d rau l i c s E ng i nee r i ng andE nv i ronmen ta l Rec u l t i v a t i on , o f t he A g r i c u l t u ra l Un i v e rs i t y o f W ars aw,P o l and , t h rough i nc reas ed i n t e rna t i ona l c oope ra t i on and by ex pand i ng i t sro l e as a reg i ona l c en t re o f ex c e l l enc e i n we t l and hy d ro l ogy . T he p ro j ec t

ac t i v i t i e s w i l l a l s o f ac i l i t a t e i n t eg ra t i on o f t he Cen t re o f E x c e l l enc e w i t h i n

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t he E u ropean Res ea rc h A rea w i t h i n t he E u ropean Commi s s i on ' s S i x t hF ramework P rog ramme i n t he "G l oba l Change and E c os y s tems " and wa te r c y c l e p r i o r i t i e s . Res u l t s o f t he p ro j ec t w i l l c on t r i bu te t o t he i mp l emen ta t i ono f t he E U Hab i t a t D i rec t i v e and W a te r F ramework D i rec t i v e i n NA Sc oun t r i es . T he p ro j ec t w i l l a l s o c on t r i bu te t o i nc reas i ng awarenes s amongs tt he pub l i c , t ec hn i c a l s t a f f and o the r s t ak eho l de rs o f t he ro l e o f we t l ands i ni n t eg ra ted wa te r res ou rc es managemen t . T he s c i en t i f i c r es ea rc h i n t e res t so f t he Cen t re a re f oc us ed on two a reas : hy d ro l og i c a l mode l l i ng o f we t l andsand c oup l i ng t h i s hy d ro l og i c a l k now l edge w i t h ec o l og i c a l and managemen ti s s ues .J . Co r l uy and O . B a te l aan pa r t i c i pa ted i n 2 n d work s hop , o rgan i z ed i n t hef ramework o f W E T HY DRO , on ‘ I n t eg ra ted ec o -hy d ro l og i c a l as s es s men t :c oup l i ng ec o l og i c a l me thods w i t h hy d ro l og i c a l and wa te r qua l i t y mode l s i nG IS ’ and wh i c h t ook p l ac e i n G on i adz - B i eb rz a Na t i ona l P a rk , P o l and , f r om12 -14 S ep tember 2003 . F o r mo re de ta i l s on W E T HY DRO , s eeh t t p : / / l e v i s . s ggw.waw.p l /we thy d ro /.

O. Bate laan, J . Cor luy, F. De Smedt

Cooperation projects with South-Africa

T he ex c hange p ro j ec t , ‘ S us ta i nab l e app roac hes t o i n t eg ra ted managemen to f aqua t i c res ou rc es i n S ou the rn A f r i c a ’ , a c oope ra t i on w i t h t he Un i v e rs i t yo f S te l l enbos c h and t he K .U .Leuv en i s s uppo r t ed by t he b i l a t e ra l( i n t e rna t i ona l ) s c i en t i f i c and t ec hno l og i c a l c o -ope ra t i on p rog ramme o f t he

F l em i s h Commun i t y . O n 30 S ep tember 2003 t he f i na l wo rk s hop o f t hep ro j ec t was o rgan i z ed i n Leuv en . O . B a te l aan gav e a p res en ta t i on on ‘ Ame thodo l ogy f o r mapp i ng reg i ona l g roundwa te r d i s c ha rge dependen tec os y s tems ’ .La te 2003 a new V L IR s pons o red I n t e run i v e rs i t y Coope ra t i on p ro j ec t s t a r t edw i t h t he Un i v e rs i t y o f W es te rn Cape . T h i s umbre l l a p ro j ec t c ons i s t s o f s ev e ra l s ub -p ro j ec t s , t he depa r tmen t i s pa r t ne r i n t he p ro j ec t ‘ S us ta i nab l eu t i l i s a t i on o f s ub te r ranean wa te r res ou rc es f o r i mp rov emen t o f qua l i t y o f l i f e ’ , c oo rd i na ted by t he IUP W A RE l ec tu re r P ro f . L . B rendonc k(K .U .Leuv en ) . O b j ec t i v e o f t he p ro j ec t i s t o i nc reas e t he c r i t i c a l mas s t o

i n t eg ra te res ea rc h on s ub te r ranean wa te r and s u r f ac e ec os y s tems i n o rde r t o f ac i l i t a t e t he i mp l emen ta t i on o f t he Res ou rc e D i rec ted Meas u res (RDM)o f t he na t i ona l wa te r ac t ( 1998 ) i n t he T ab l e Moun ta i n G roup (T MG ) a reaand enhanc e educ a t i on i n wa te r and env i ronmen ta l s c i enc es .

O. Bate laan and F. De Smedt

Curricula Development in Morocco

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http://levis.sggw.waw.pl/wethydro/





T he depa r tmen t i s pa r t ne r i n a T E MP US J o i n t E u ropean p ro j ec t s uppo r t edby t he E u ropean Commi s s i on on ‘ Cu r r i c u l a Dev e l opmen t on S o i l and W a te r Res ou rc es P ro tec t i on us i ng I n f o rma t i on and Commun i c a t i on T ec hno l og i es(S W A RP - ICT ) ’ . Con t rac to r o f t he p ro j ec t i s t he W agen i ngen Un i v e rs i t y , T heNe the r l ands , wh i l e t he Un i v e rs i t e Mohamed V -A gda l , Mo roc c o , rep res en tedby t he IUP W A RE a l umnus Dr . A bde l k ade r La rab i , i s t he ma i n bene f i c i a r y .O the r pa r t ne rs a re t he A r i s t o te l e Un i v es i t y o f T hes s a l on i k i , G reec e , I ns t i t u tNa t i ona l de l a Rec he rc he A g ronom i que , Mo roc c o and t he W ars aw Ag r i c u l t u ra l Un iv e rs i t y , Po l and .T he ov e ra l l ob j ec t i v e o f t he S W A RP - ICT p ro j ec t i s t he dev e l opmen t o f anew MS c p rog ram on s o i l and wa te r res ou rc es p ro tec t i on us i ng i n f o rma t i onand c ommun i c a t i on t ec hno l og i es . T he du ra t i on o f t he MS c p rog ram w i l l be 2y ea rs o r 120 E CT S , t he l anguage o f i ns t ruc t i on w i l l be F renc h . B es i des t hee l abo ra t i on o f t he MS c p rog ram c u r r i c u l um, s t a f f and s tuden t mob i l i t i e sbe tween t he pa r t ne rs , s ho r t i n t ens i v e c ou rs es f o r s t a f f and s tuden t s andupg rad i ng o f l i b ra ry and t eac h i ng l abo ra to r i es a re p l anned . F . De S med t

pa r t i c i pa ted i n t he f i r s t p ro j ec t mee t i ng i n Raba t .

O. Bate laan, F. De Smedt

Delineation in GIS of groundwater bodies inFlanders: towards the implementation of the EUWater Framework Directive.

F or t he pu rpos e o f i mp l emen ta t i on o f t he E U W a te r F ramework D i rec t i v e(W F D) , g roundwa te r bod i es need t o be de l i nea ted as t he un i t s f o r r epo r t i ngand as s es s i ng on t he s t a tus o f g roundwa te r . A g roundwa te r body i s de f i nedas ‘ a d i s t i nc t v o l ume o f g roundwa te r w i t h i n an aqu i f e r o r aqu i f e r s ’ . I nres pons e t o t h i s need , a me thodo l ogy t o de l i nea te reg i ona l aqu i f e r s i nF l ande rs (B e l g i um) i s des c r i bed bas ed on s o l i d mode l l i ng . E mphas i s i sp l ac ed on t he ha rmon i z a t i on o f a v as t amoun t o f da ta o r i g i na t i ng f r omd i f f e ren t da tabas es i n t o a hy d rogeo l og i c a l da tabas e i n geog raph i ci n f o rma t i on s y s tems (G IS ) . A qu i f e r s a re de l i nea ted by t he i r oc c u r renc e (as2 -D l i ne maps ) and by t he i r t h i c k nes s and bas e (as g r i ds ) , s uc h t ha t

c omb i ned , t hey f u l l y r ep res en t an aqu i f e r i n t h ree d i mens i ons . T h i s wo rkh i gh l i gh t s t he s c i en t i f i c c ha l l enges o f t he W F D and t he po ten t i a l s o f aqu i f e r and g roundwa te r mode l s f o r i n t eg ra ted g roundwa te r managemen t .

J. Cools , Y.Meyus, O. Bate laan and F. De Smedt

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Development of a groundwater model for four brook valleys at the southern side of the Campineplateau in Flanders

F rom 2001 un t i l t he beg i nn i ng o f 2003 , t he Depa r tmen t pa r t i c i pa ted w i t h t heUn i v e rs i t y o f A n twe rp (UA ) and p ro j ec t p romo to r K i wa Res ea rc h andCons u l t anc y (N i euwege i n , T he Ne the r l ands ) i n a p ro j ec t t ha t a i med t odev e l op an ec os y s tem v i s i on f o r f ou r b rook v a l l ey s a t t he s ou the rn s i de o f t he Camp i ne p l a teau i n F l ande rs . T he b rook v a l l ey s i n c onc e rn a re t heups t ream pa r t s o f t he b rook s A s beek , Roe l e rbeek , B ez oens beek , andZ u tendaa l beek , wh i c h a re a l l s i t ua ted i n t he f o res ted a rea s ou theas t o f G enk . T he p ro j ec t s t a r t ed on reques t o f t he F l em i s h A dm i n i s t ra t i on f o r E nv i ronmen t , Na tu re , Land , and W a te r Managemen t (A MINA L) i n t hef ramework o f t he gov e rnmen ta l M INA -p l an 2 (F l em i s h E nv i ronmen t and

Na tu re P rog ramme) .T he t as k o f t he Depa r tmen t was t o c ha rac te r i z e t he g round wa te r s y s tem i nt he b rook v a l l ey s and i nd i c a te t he hy d ro l og i c a l po ten t i a l f o r na tu redev e l opmen t , c ons i de r i ng d i f f e ren t s c ena r i os o f wa te r res ou rc esmanagemen t . T he mode l l i ng was c a r r i ed ou t i n a s i m i l a r way as was donefo r p rev i ous ec os y s tem s tud i es o f t he V a l l ey o f t he Z war te B eek and s omet r i bu ta r i es o f t he Dende r R i v e r . A f t e r an i n t ens i v e e l abo ra t i on o f a d i g i t a le l ev a t i on mode l and t he p repa ra t i on o f d i g i t a l maps o f t he hy d rogeo l ogy ,l and us e , s o i l t y pes , hy d rome teo ro l og i c a l pa rame te rs and o the r i npu t da tac onc e rn i ng t he g roundwa te r s y s tem, a de ta i l ed (20m x 20m) s t eady s t a te

g roundwa te r mode l was c ons t ruc ted w i t h t he MO DF LO W s o f twa re . T h i smode l was us ed t o c ha rac te r i z e t he g roundwa te r s y s tem on a l oc a l andreg i ona l s c a l e , i . e . p red i c t g round wa te r dep ths , t he l oc a t i on o f g roundwa te r d i s c ha rge and i n f i l t r a t i on z ones , d i s c ha rge ra tes , e t c . Due t o al i m i t ed number o f av a i l ab l e p i ez ome t r i c meas u remen ts , a me thodo l ogy wasdev e l oped t o c a l i b ra te t he mode l bas ed on t he av a i l ab l e v ege ta t i on s u rv eyi n c omb i na t i on w i t h E l l enbe rg v a l ues . T h i s app roac h l ed t o a f a i r l y we l lc a l i b ra ted mode l t ha t was us ed f o r c a l c u l a t i ng 2 s c ena r i os ; t he ac tua ls i t ua t i on and a we t t i ng s c ena r i o . T he ou tpu t o f t he mode l was us ed by t heo the r pa r t ne rs t o p red i c t pos s i b l e f u t u re v ege ta t i on t y pes . T he res u l t s o f

t h i s s t udy a re bund l ed i n a f i na l r epo r t , a l ong w i t h t he repo r t s o f t he o the r pa r t ne rs , i n o rde r t o p rov i de a bas i s f o r f u t u re po l i c i es on na tu redev e l opmen t i n t he a rea .

J. Cor luy, B. Verbeiren, O. Bate laan and F. De Smedt

Development of a hydrological model for theHornad, a subwatershed of the Tisza River

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T he c u r ren t s t udy i s pa r t o f t he P hD thes i s t i t l ed “A s s es s i ng i mpac t s o f l andus e c hanges on f l ood us i ng hy d ro l og i c a l mode l l i ng ” and i s a l s o a pa r to f t he T i s z a p ro j ec t .Ho rnad l oc a ted i n S l ov ak i a , i s one o f t he ma i n t r i bu ta r i es o f t he T i s z aR i v e r . T he bas i n up t o t he Z dana s ta t i on has an a rea o f 4255 k m 2 . T hep r i ma ry a i m o f t he s t udy i s t o app l y and dev e l op a hy d ro l og i c a l mode l f o r t h i s bas i n , bas ed on t he s pa t i a l l y d i s t r i bu ted W e tS pa mode l . T he s tudys ta r t ed by p repa r i ng da ta requ i red by t he mode l , i . e . DE M, s o i l t y pes andl andus e maps and p rec i p i t a t i on and ev apo t rans p i ra t i on s e r i es . T he s pa t i a lr es o l u t i on o f t he maps i s 50 by 50 m and t he t i me s e r i es c ov e r 10 y ea rs o f da i l y hy d rome teo ro l og i c a l da ta t ha t a re app l i ed t o t he mode l f o r s i mu l a t i ngthe da i l y hy d rog raph a t t he ou l e t s o f t he ma i n s ubc a t c hmen ts o f t hewa te rs hed . T he nex t phas e o f t he s t udy w i l l be t o c a l i b ra te t he mode l f o r t he a rea .T he T i s z a r i v e r p ro j ec t i s an E C-5 t h f r amework i n t e rna t i ona l p ro j ec t . T heT i s z a R i v e r -

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wi th a bas i n s i z e o f 157200 k m 2 - i s t he l a rges t t r i bu ta ry o f t he Danube andruns t h rough Roman i a , Uk ra i ne , S l ov ak i a , Hunga ry and Y ugos l av i a .

A.Bahremand, J . Cor luy, Y.B.Liu and F.De Smedt

Development of a hydrological model in theframework of an ecosystem approach for theAbeek valley in Flanders

As a res u l t o f the M ina -p lan I I (M i l i eu Na tuu rp lan V l aande ren ) - ac t i on 105 ,s ev e ra l ec os y s tem app roac h s tud i es hav e been s ta r t ed i n d i f f e ren tc a t c hmen ts , one o f wh i c h i s t he A beek p ro j ec t . T h i s p ro j ec t s t a r t ed i n t hebeg i nn i ng o f 2001 and ended i n O c tobe r 2003 and c ov e rs t he v a l l ey o f t he Abeek ( t r i bu ta ry o f t he Meus e ) , l oc a ted in the p rov inc e o f L imbu rg . The U IA

(Un i v e rs i t y o f A n twe rp ) i s t he p romo te r o f t h i s p ro j ec t .T he V UB ’ s a i m i n t h i s p ro j ec t i s t o i nd i c a te , by s t udy i ng t he g roundwa te r s y s tem, t he max i ma l po ten t i a l f o r t he dev e l opmen t and ma i n tenanc e o f na tu re c ons e rv a t i on , c ons i de r i ng d i f f e ren t s c ena r i os o f na tu re and wa te r res ou rc es managemen t . B y means o f a de ta i l ed g roundwa te r mode l ,es s en t i a l i n f o rma t i on i s ga i ned on bo th a reg i ona l and l oc a l s c a l e .Reg i ona l l y , t he rec ha rge and d i s c ha rge z ones and t he i r r e l a t i on i n t i me ands c a l e a re s i mu l a ted us i ng g roundwa te r f l ow and pa r t i c l e t r ac k i ng mode l s .Loc a l l y , t he s t eady s t a te mode l i s us ed t o c ha rac te r i z e t he g roundwa te r s y s tem and t o de te rm i ne g roundwa te r l ev e l s f o r t he p res en t s i t ua t i on .

Add i t i ona l l y , t r ans ec t s t ud ies a re us ed t o g i v e a qua l i t a t i v e desc r i p t i on o f des i c c a t i on and nu t r i en t l oad e f f ec t s on t he ec os y s tem. E x i s t i ng and new l yi ns ta l l ed p i ez ome te rs a re us ed t o c a l i b ra te t he g roundwa te r mode l and t oob ta i n wa te r qua l i t y es t i ma tes . T he U IA ana l y s es s o i l and v ege ta t i onc ompos i t i on a l ong t hes e t rans ec t s and t he V UB mode l s t he g roundwa te r l ev e l s a l ong t hes e t rans ec t s .T he mode l l i ng s howed t ha t , f o r t he p res en t s i t ua t i on , an i mpo r t an t pa r t o f t he s t udy a rea (app rox . 40% ) i s i n f l uenc ed by g roundwa te r and hav eg roundwa te r l ev e l s s ha l l owe r t hen 0 .5m. A pp rox i ma te l y 30% o f t he s t udya rea i s d i s c ha rge a rea . T he e f f ec t of c hanged hy d ro log i c a l c ond i t i ons i n a

“we t t e r ” s c ena r i o (no we l l s and s ha l l owe r d ra i nage dep th f o r s ome r i v e rs ) ,i s c ons i de red us i ng t he g roundwa te r mode l . I n t h i s s c ena r i o t heg roundwa te r l ev e l s a re on t he av e rage 0 .3 m h i ghe r (max . 1 . 30 m) , t hed i s c ha rge a reas i nc reas e by 17% , w i t h h i ghe r i n t ens i t i es (up t o two t i mes )and l onge r f l ow t i mes (up t o 60% ) .T hes e re l ev an t ec os y s tem pa rame te rs res u l t i ng f r om the mode l l i ng o f t heg roundwa te r dy nam i c s unde r t hes e res pec t i v e s c ena r i os a re t hen ev a l ua tedi n o rde r t o des c r i be t he pos s i b l e f u t u re v ege ta t i on t y pes . T he k now l edge ,wh i c h i s ac qu i red du r i ng t h i s res ea rc h , w i l l p rov i de i n pa r t t he bas i s f o r t hefu tu re po l i c y o f na tu re dev e l opmen t i n t h i s a rea .

B. Verbeiren, A. Van Campenhout , O. Bate laan and F. De Smedt

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Development of a hydrological model in theframework of an ecosystem approach for theVisbeek/Kindernouwbeek valley in Flanders

As a res u l t o f the M ina -p lan I I (M i l i eu Na tuu rp lan V l aande ren ) - ac t i on 105 ,s ev e ra l ec os y s tem app roac h s tud i es hav e been s ta r t ed i n d i f f e ren tc a t c hmen ts ; one o f wh i c h i s t he V i s beek /K i nde rnouwbeek p ro j ec t . T h i sp ro j ec t s t a r t ed i n S ep tember 2002 and f i n i s hes a t t he end o f Ma rc h 2004 .T he p ro j ec t c ov e rs t he v a l l ey o f t he V i s beek , K i nde rnouwbeek , D i ep te l oopand B os beek ( t r i bu ta ry o f t he Ne te ) , l oc a ted i n t he p rov i nc e o f A n twe rp .K i wa Res ea rc h and Cons u l t anc y (N i euwege i n , T he Ne the r l ands ) i s t he ma i npa r t ne r i n t h i s p ro j ec t , w i t h pa r t i c i pa t i on f r om the U IA (Un i v e rs i t y o f An twe rp) who a re res pons ib le f o r the v ege ta t i on mapp i ng o f the a rea .F o r t he V UB , t he a i m o f t h i s p ro j ec t i s t o s t udy t he g roundwa te r s y s tem i n

t h i s v a l l ey s uc h t ha t an i nd i c a t i on c an be g i v en o f t he max i ma l po ten t i a l f o r t he dev e l opmen t and ma i n tenanc e o f na tu re c ons e rv a t i on , c ons i de r i ngd i f f e ren t s c ena r i os o f na tu re and wa te r res ou rc es managemen t . F i r s t l y , ade ta i l ed g roundwa te r mode l i s us ed t o ga i n es s en t i a l i n f o rma t i on on areg i ona l and l oc a l s c a l e . O n a l oc a l s c a l e t he g roundwa te r l ev e l s and t hel oc a t i on o f t he i n f i l t r a t i on and d i s c ha rge z ones we re c a l c u l a ted . Add i t i ona l l y , a t r ans ien t mode l w i l l be dev e l oped t o ga i n i ns i gh t i ng roundwa te r dy nam i c s i n t i me , on a two -week l y bas i s , i n o rde r t o ob ta i nmax i mum/m i n i mum g roundwa te r l ev e l s . O n a reg i ona l s c a l e , t he i n f i l t r a t i onand d i s c ha rge z ones and t he i r r e l a t i on i n t i me and s c a l e w i l l be s i mu l a ted

us i ng t he g roundwa te r and pa r t i c l e - t r ac k i ng mode l . S ec ond l y , a hy d roc hem i c a l mode l w i l l be dev e l oped t o des c r i be t he nu t r i en t l oad ( i n pa r t i c u l a r t he n i t r ogen ) i n t he s t udy a rea and t he t r ans po r t o f t hes e nu t r i en t s , v i ag roundwa te r , f r om ag r i c u l t u ra l f i e l ds t o t he r i v e r v a l l ey .T he k now l edge , wh i c h i s ac qu i red du r i ng t h i s res ea rc h , w i l l p rov i de t hebas i s f o r t he f u t u re po l i c y o f na tu re dev e l opmen t i n t h i s a rea .

B. Verbeiren, O. Bate laan and F. De Smed t

Development of a WetSpa Extension, a GIS-basedmodelling approach for flood prediction andscenario simulation on catchment scale

A G IS -bas ed d i s t r i bu ted pa r ame te r mode l , W e tSpa (Wa te r and Ene rgyT rans fe r be tween S o i l , P l an t and A tmos phe re ) E x tens i on , has beendev e l oped t o s i mu l a te t he hy d ro l og i c res pons e on c a t c hmen t s c a l e . T hemode l c onc ep tua l i z es a bas i n hy d ro l og i c a l s y s tem be i ng c ompos ed o f a tmos phe re , c anopy , roo t z one , t r ans m i s s i on z one , and s a tu ra t i on z onel ay e rs . T he wa te rs hed i s d i s c re t i z ed i n t o a number o f g r i d c e l l s , f o r wh i c h

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t he wa te r and ene rgy ba l anc e a re ma i n ta i ned . T he hy d ro l og i c a l p roc es s esrep res en ted i n t he mode l i nc l ude : p rec i p i t a t i on , i n t e rc ep t i on , dep res s i on ,s u r f ac e runo f f , i n f i l t r a t i on , ev apo t rans p i ra t i on , pe rc o l a t i on , i n t e r f l ow ,ov e r l and and c hanne l f l ow , and g roundwa te r f l ow . T he wa te r budge tc ompu ta t i ons f o r i n t e rc ep t i on s t o rage , dep res s i on s t o rage and s o i l mo i s t u res to rage a re c a r r i ed ou t f o r eac h c e l l , wh i l e t he wa te r ba l anc e f o r g roundwa te r s t o rage i s c ompu ted on s ma l l s ubc a t c hmen t s c a l e . S u r f ac eruno f f i s gene ra ted i n re l a t i on t o ra i n f a l l i n t ens i t y and s o i l mo i s t u re c on ten tand i s rou ted a l ong t he f l ow pa ths by us i ng t he d i f f us i v e wav eapp rox i ma t i on , wh i l e i n t e r f l ow and pe rc o l a t i on a re c on t ro l l ed by s o i lc ha rac te r i s t i c s and mode l ed by Da rc y ’ s l aw and k i nema t i c app rox i ma t i on . A l gor i thms der i v ed as muc h as pos s i b le f r om phys i c a l p r oc es ses , t oge the r w i t h mo re c onc ep tua l o r emp i r i c a l a l go r i t hms hav e been s e l ec ted . T hemode l c omb i nes e l ev a t i on , s o i l and l and us e da ta w i t h i n a G IS f ramework ,and p red i c t s f l ood hy d rog raphs , wh i c h c an be de f i ned f o r any numbers andl oc a t i ons i n t he c hanne l ne two rk , and c an s i mu l a te t he s pa t i a l d i s t r i bu t i on

o f c a t c hmen t hy d ro l og i c a l c ha rac te r i s t i c s .T he mode l has been app l i ed t o t he B a rebeek , I j s e and V eu rne -A mbac h tc a t c hmen t i n B e l g i um, and t he A l z e t t e r i v e r bas i n i n t he G rand -duc hy o f Lux embou rg . Cu r ren t l y , t he mode l i s us ed i n t he T i s z a r i v e r p ro j ec t f o r s e rv i ng wa te r res ou rc es managemen t and f l ow gov e rn i ng p rob l ems .E nc ou rag i ng res u l t s hav e been ac h i ev ed .

Y . L iu , F. De Smedt

Ecohydrological system research for the Border Meuse valley: locations Vijverbroek andMaaswinkel

T he “L i v i ng B o rde r Meus e ” p ro j ec t a i ms t o res to re t he na tu ra l r i v e r p roc es s es a t bo th s i des o f t he r i v e r (B e l g i um, F l ande rs and T heNe the r l ands ) by means o f r i v e r rehab i l i t a t i on i n t e rv en t i ons and managemen tmeas u res . T hes e d i f f e ren t meas u res w i l l be c a r r i ed ou t i n 12 d i f f e ren tl oc a t i ons a l ong a r i v e r s t re t c h o f a round 30 k m. A f t e r s ev e ra l p re l i m i na ry

s tud i es on t he i mpac t s o f t he p l anned res to ra t i on wo rk s , i t i s o f unduei mpo r tanc e t o mak e de ta i l ed s t ud i es o f eac h o f t he p ro j ec t l oc a t i ons whe remeas u res a re go i ng t o be i mp l emen ted . T h i s p ro j ec t f oc us ed on two s uc hl oc a t i ons , name l y V i j v e rb roek and Maas w i nk e l . I t c onc e rned t hec omb i na t i on o f a hy d ro l og i c a l s t udy and an ec o l og i c a l s t udy , wh i c h t oge the r res u l t ed i n an ec ohy d ro l og i c a l s y s tem res ea rc h , bas ed on wh i c h t hemanagemen t meas u res o f t he p ro j ec t “ L i v i ng B o rde r Meus e ” c an be re f i ned .T he p ro j ec t has been j o i n t l y ex ec u ted w i t h t he Depa r tmen t o f B i o l ogy o f t heUn i v e rs i t y o f A n twe rp ( J anua ry 2002 - S ep tember 2003 ) .T he l oc a t i on V i j v e rb roek , w i t h i t s beau t i f u l A l de r b rook f o res t , f o rms a

na tu re res e rv e o f abou t 1 . 5 k m² i n t he uppe r no r t h -eas t o f t he p rov i nc e o f

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L i mbu rg , nea r t he c i t y o f Maas e i k . T he p ro j ec t a i med t o s t udy t heec ohy d ro l og i c a l s i t ua t i on i n t he a rea and t o i nv es t i ga te t he e f f ec t s o f t heres to ra t i on o f t he nea rby g rav e l p i t s . F o r t h i s , a de ta i l ed t r ans i en tg roundwa te r mode l was dev e l oped w i t h MO DF LO W . He rew i t h t heg roundwa te r heads we re c a l c u l a ted and t he d i s c ha rge z ones and i n t ens i t i eswe re de te rm i ned f o r d i f f e ren t s c ena r i os . T he c o r res pond i ng rec ha rge z oneswere s ubs equen t l y de l i nea ted w i t h MO DP A T H. T he g roundwa te r qua l i t y i nt he s t udy a rea has been i nv es t i ga ted by means o f l ab ana l y s i s o f g roundwa te r s amp l es t ak en a t eac h p i ez ome te r l oc a t i on (45 i n t o t a l ) , anda l s o s o i l p robes we re s amp l ed t o i nv es t i ga te t he s o i l t ex tu re . Du r i ng t hemon ths May t o S ep tember 2002 , t he v ege ta t i on i n t he a rea has beenmapped . T he mapped v ege ta t i on da ta we re c oup l ed t o f i e l d g roundwa te r qua l i t y and s o i l da ta and t he res u l t s o f t he g roundwa te r mode l l i ng . F romth i s , i t was de r i v ed wh i c h ab i o t i c f ac to rs a re de te rm i n i ng f o r v ege ta t i ondev e l opmen t i n t he a rea .

T he l oc a t i on Maas w i nk e l (±280 ha ) i s s i t ua ted more ups t ream the Meus eR i v e r , nea r t he c i t y o f Maas mec he l en . He re , t he res ea rc h was f oc us ed onthe e i gh t poo l s i n t he a rea , be i ng f o rmer c l ay p i t s t ha t hav e beenabandoned and wh i c h now f o rm an i mpo r t an t hab i t a t f o r amph i b i ans . T hewa te r l ev e l f l u c tua t i ons and t he s t eep poo l bank s l ead t o a h i gh g rad i en tand b i od i v e rs i t y i n v ege ta t i on t y pes on t he bank s . Meas u remen ts i nd i c a tetha t t he wa te r l ev e l i n t he poo l s c an f l uc tua te ov e r s ev e ra l me te rs ,

depend i ng on t he wa te r l ev e l i n t he Meus e R i v e r ( s i t ua ted ±500 m to t heeas t ) . T he goa l was t o s t udy t he re l a t i ons h i p be tween t he r i v e r wa te r l ev e land poo l wa te r l ev e l and t o i nv es t i ga te t he e f f ec t s o f t he p l annedrec onnec t i on o f a f o rmer s i de c hanne l t o t he r i v e r . T i de -gauges we re p l ac ed

i n f i v e poo l s and read week l y , and i n one poo l a l s o a d i v e r was i ns ta l l ed .Rec o rded da ta f r om thes e , t oge the r w i t h t i me s e r i es o f t he wa te r l ev e l o f t he Meus e R i v e r and o f head da ta o f a d i v e r i n t he a rea we re us ed t odev e l op a s i mp l i f i ed g roundwa te r mode l o f t he a rea w i t h MO DF LO W . T hemode l s hows t ha t t he r i v e r i n f l uenc e w i l l bec ome ev en more p ronounc edwhen t he r i v e r s i de c hanne l wou l d be rec onnec ted , wh i c h i s t o be ex pec tedas t he r i v e r - t o -poo l d i s t anc e w i l l dec reas e i n t ha t c as e . Du r i ng t he mon thsMay t o S ep tember 2002 , t he v ege ta t i on on t he poo l bank s has beenmapped , and i t was i nv es t i ga ted wh i c h ab i o t i c f ac to rs a re de te rm i n i ng f o r v ege ta t i on dev e l opmen t on t he poo l bank s .

J. Severyns, O. Bate laan and F. De Smedt

Flemish Groundwater Model – RechargeEstimation

F or t he E nv i ronmen t , Na tu re and Land Dev e l opmen t A dm i n i s t ra t i on(A MINA L) o f t he F l em i s h Commun i t y t he depa r tmen t dev e l oped t he c onc ep t so f a F l em i s h G roundwa te r Mode l ( i n Du t c h V G M) (Mey us e t a l . , 2000a ) . T he

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pu rpos e o f t he dev e l opmen t o f t he V G M i s t o hav e an adequa te t ec hn i c a li ns t rumen t w i t h wh i c h g roundwa te r s y s tems a l l ov e r F l ande rs un i f o rm l y c anbe des c r i bed . B es i des t he de f i n i t i on o f t he c onc ep t s , t he depa r tmen t wasa l s o s t rong l y i nv o l v ed i n t he s e tup o f t he Hy d rogeo l og i c a l Cod i ng o f t hes ubs u r f ac e o f F l ande rs ( i n Du t c h HCO V ) (Mey us e t a l . , 2000b ) and t hes tudy o f t he s e t up o f a de ta i l ed hy d rogeo l og i c a l da tabas e o f t hes ubs u r f ac e o f F l ande rs (Coo l s e t a l . , 2003 ) .P res en t l y , t he depa r tmen t wo rk s on one o f t he nex t s t ud i es i n p repa ra t i ono f t he V G M. I n t h i s s t udy t he d i s t r i bu ted g roundwa te r rec ha rge f o r t hewho l e o f F l ande rs w i l l be de te rm i ned . F o r t h i s pu rpos e t he W e tS pas s mode l(B a te l aan en De S med t , 2001 ) i s app l i ed . W e tS pas s w i l l s i mu l a te t herec ha rge on bas i s o f t he hy d rome teo ro l ogy , s pa t i a l l y d i s t r i bu ted l and -us e ,s o i l t y pe , s l ope and g roundwa te r l ev e l . S i mu l a t i ons w i l l be pe r f o rmed w i t h i na G IS g r i d env i ronmen t w i t h a s pa t i a l r es o l u t i on o f 50 by 50 m . A w i n te r ands ummer s c ena r i o w i l l be c a l c u l a ted .

Y. Meyus, S . Woldeamlak, O. Bate laan, F . De Smedt

Fuzzy GIS and Remote Sensing simulated hazardprobability in Central Vietnam

I n rec en t y ea rs , l ands l i de haz a rds hav e oc c u r red regu l a r l y i n t he c en te r o f V i e tnam, es pec i a l l y i n t he ra i n f a l l s eas on . T he damages f rom l ands l i des a rev e ry l a rge and t he es t i ma ted t o t a l l os s i s up t o t hous ands b i l l i ons V i e tnamdong pe r y ea r . T h i s P hD i n t ends t o dev e l op F u z z y G IS an d Rem o teS en s in g s im u la ted h az ar d p r o b ab i l i t y fo r Cen t r a l V ie tn a , T he re l ev anc eo f t h i s res ea rc h f o r t he peop l e l i v i ng i n t h i s a rea i s obv i ous .I n t he s t udy , s ome p rev i ous mode l s f o r l ands l i de p red i c t i on s uc h asS INMA P , S HA LA B e t c . w i l l be app l i ed . T he res u l t s o f t hes e d i f f e ren tme thods w i l l be c ompared . Howev e r , t hes e mode l s f o r l ands l i de p red i c t i ona re l i m i t ed and o f t en c on fus i ng . T he re fo re , i n t h i s res ea rc h , an i mpo r t an tas pec t w i l l be t o dev e l op a me thodo l ogy f o r c omb i n i ng G IS , remo te s ens i ngand numer i c a l s i mu l a t i on mode l s , s t a t i s t i c a l a l go r i t hms and f uz z y l og i c i no rde r t o bu i l d a po ten t i a l l ands l i de map and t o p red i c t t he unc e r t a i n t yre l a ted t o t he l ands l i de haz a rd . T he rec ommenda t i ons t o manage rs and

peop l e i nv o l v ed i n t he managemen t o f haz a rds , i n t he f o rm o f c onc re tec onc l us i ons , r ec ommenda t i on and map p roduc t s i s a l s o f o res een .T h i s P hD res ea rc h (p romo to r F . De S med t , adv i s o r O . B a te l aan ) i ss pons o red by t he B e l g i an T ec hn i c a l Coope ra t i on and i s ex ec u ted pa r t - t i mea t t he Res ea rc h I ns t i t u t e o f G eo l ogy and M i ne ra l Res ou rc es , Hano i ,V i e tnam (R IG MR) and a t t he HY DR depa r tmen t .

Nguyen Thanh Long

Lineament analysis by remote sensing

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V as t a reas o f t he wo r l d c ons i s t o f ha rd roc k s (bas emen t c omp l ex es ) , whe rewa te r i s r es t r i c t ed t o s ec onda ry pe rmeab i l i t y , and t hus t o t he f r ac tu res andthe wea the red z ones . H i gh l y p roduc t i v e a reas i n ha rd - roc k t e r ra i ns a regene ra l l y as s oc i a ted w i t h c onduc t i v e f r ac tu re z ones . I n t h i s P hD s tudy ane f f ec t i v e me thod f o r de f i n i ng t he f r ac tu re z one i s dev e l oped on bas i s o f l i neamen t i nd i c es , wh i c h c an be ex t rac ted f r om s a te l l i t e i mage ry . T oge the r w i t h a de ta i l ed s t ruc tu ra l ana l y s i s and unde rs tand i ng o f t he t ec ton i cev o l u t i on o f a g i v en a rea , i t p rov i des a us e fu l t oo l f o r hy d rogeo l og i s t s f o r s t udy i ng g roundwa te r i n f r ac tu red roc k and f o r dev e l op i ng wa te r res ou rc es .T he re l a t i ons h i p be tween t he i den t i f i ed f r ac tu re z one and t he oc c u r renc e o f g roundwa te r i s f u r t he r i mp rov ed by t he res u l t s f r om pump i ng t es t s . T heres u l t i ng l i neamen t i ndex dens i t y map c an be c o r re l a t ed w i t h t he meas u redt rans m i s s i v i t ie s i n o rde r t o gene ra te a g roundwa te r t r ans m i s s i v i t y map . T heres u l t s hows t he d i s t r i bu t i on o f s hea r , ex tens i ona l f r ac tu res on t hebounda ry o f t he f r ac tu re z one (NW -V i e tnam) . B y unde rs tand i ng t he

o r i en ta t i on o f t he s t res s f i e l d t ha t gene ra ted t he s t ruc tu res i n t he s t udya rea , i t i s pos s i b l e t o ev a l ua te wh i c h l i neamen ts c an be as s oc i a ted w i t hmos t l y s hea r f r ac tu res o r c on j uga ted f au l t s and wh i c h w i t h ex tens i onf rac tu res .

Hung L.Q. , Bate laan O. and De Smedt F.

Mathematical models assisting identification of good status of water bodies required by the EUWater Framework Directive

I n 2003 a new B i l a t e ra l S c i en t i f i c and T ec hno l og i c a l Coope ra t i on p ro j ec ts t a r t ed w i t h t he B udapes t Un i v e rs i t y o f T ec hno l ogy and E c onom i c s . D r . Z .S i mon f f y o f t he Res ea rc h G roup f o r W a te r Managemen t o f t he Hunga r i an Ac ademy o f Sc i enc es , Depa r tmen t o f S an i t a r y and E nv i ronmen ta lE ng i nee r i ng i s t he p romo to r on t he Hunga r i an s i de o f t he p ro j ec t .T he E U W a te r F ramework D i rec t i v e (W F D) requ i res t he de te rm i na t i on o f t here fe renc e c ond i t i ons o f s u r f ac e wa te r bod i es , wh i c h i nc l udes t he

hy d ro l og i c a l c ha rac te r i z a t i on o f t he o r i g i na l (w i t hou t human i mpac t s ) f l owreg i me , i . e . t he es t i ma t i on o f t he av e rage and t he us ua l l y c r i t i c a l l owd i s c ha rge . Du r i ng l ow f l ow pe r i ods t he i n f i l t r a t i on f r om g roundwa te r p rov i des t he es s en t i a l pa r t o f t he av a i l ab l e wa te r f o r aqua t i c ec os y s tems i nt he r i v e rbed . E v a l ua t i on o f t he good quan t i t a t i v e s t a tus o f g roundwa te r bod i es i s bas ed on t he es t i ma t i on o f av a i l ab l e g roundwa te r res ou rc es ,wh i c h depends on t he rec ha rge and t he amoun t o f wa te r needed t o ma i n ta i nt he nec es s a ry bas e f l ow f o r aqua t i c and /o r ev apo t rans p i ra t i on f o r t e r res t r i a lec os y s tems . A n adequa te ma thema t i c a l mode l o f t he p rob l ems s hou l d bebas ed on wa te r ba l anc e c ov e r i ng bo th t he s u r f ac e and t he g roundwa te r

s y s tem. Mode l s pa r t i a l l y c ov e r i ng t he abov e c r i t e r i a hav e been es tab l i s hed

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and a re unde r c on t i nuous dev e lopmen t i n bo th depa r tmen ts . A t t he V r i j eUn i v e rs i t e i t B rus s e l t h i s a re t he W e tS pa and W e tS pas s mode l (B a te l aan e ta l . , 1996 ; W ang e t a l . , 1997 ; De S med t e t a l . , 2000 ; B a te l aan and DeS med t , 2001 ) , wh i l e t he B udapes t Un i v e rs i t y dev e l oped an hou r l yp rec i p i t a t i on - runo f f mode l (S z abó e t a l , 2001 ) , and a reg i ona l s c a l e wa te r ba l anc e mode l (S i mon f f y , 2000 ) . T hes e mode l s s eem, bes i des t he i r d i f f e renc es , t o hav e a l o t i n c ommon . T he re fo re , pu rpos e o f t he p ro j ec t i s ad i s c us s i on o f t he us ed me thodo l og i es , ana l y s es o f r es u l t s , c ompara t i v etes t i ng , f o l l owed by f u r t he r c ommon dev e l opmen t t owa rds f u l f i l l i ng s oc i e ta lreques t w i t h res pec t t o t he W F D.Dr . S i mon f f y and I r . A . K ov ác s v i s i t ed t he V UB f rom 31 Marc h t i l l 6 A p r i l . I nt h i s f i r s t wo rk s hop , w i t h 9 pa r t i c i pan t s , p res en ta t i ons we re g i v en and rec en tdev e l opmen ts i n mode l i ng a t bo th depa r tmen ts and requ i remen ts o f t he E UW ate r F ramework D i rec t i v e we re ana l y s ed . J . S ev e ry ns , B . V e rbe i ren andO . B a te l aan v i s i t ed Hunga ry f r om 21 t i l l 27 A ugus t . A s em i na r waso rgan i z ed as we l l as a f i e l d t r i p t o t he p i l o t a rea , t he Z a l a c a t c hmen t .

F u r t he r d i s c us s i ons we re he l d du r i ng D r . S i mon f f y ’ s v i s i t t o B rus s e l s f r om22–27 O c tobe r .

O. Bate laan, J . Severyns, B. Verbeiren, F. De Sm edt

Modelling the Fate and Transport of OrganicMicropolluntants and Phosphates in Rivers andGulfs (Estuaries) in the Lake Victoria Watershed:

The Case Study of Simiyu River and its Estuary –Mwanza Region, Tanzania

T he wa te r qua l i t y o f Lak e V i c t o r i a has been dec l i n i ng due t o po i n t and non -po i n t s ou rc es f r om domes t i c , i ndus t r i a l and ag r i c u l t u ra l ac t i v i t i e s . P o l l u t ionf rom ag r i c u l t u ra l ac t i v i t i e s i s ma i n l y f r om fe r t i l i z e rs and pes t i c i des . T hes ec on tam i nan t s a re c a r r i ed away f rom ag r i c u l t u ra l f i e l ds ma i n l y by s u r f ac eruno f f o r s ed i men ts .T he s tudy i s i nv es t i ga t i ng t he e f f ec t s o f s o rp t i on and b i nd i ng on mov emen t

o f pes t i c i des and phos pha tes i n s u r f ac e wa te r i n t he S i m i y u r i v e r (T anz an i a ) and i t s es tua ry .F i e l d meas u remen ts c ampa i gn i nc l us i v e g round t ru t h i ng f o r s a te l l i t e i mageswere es tab l i s hed i n t he S i m i y u c a t c hmen t and i t s es tua ry .F ou r s uc c es s i v e f i e l d meas u remen ts hav e been c a r r i ed ou t i n t he S i m i y uc a t c hmen t and i t s es tua ry (S pek e gu l f ) . W a te r and s ed i men t s amp l eswere c o l l ec ted f r om twe l v e s t a t i ons i n t he S i m i y u c a t c hmen t and e i gh ts t a t i ons i n t he es tua ry . T he rea f t e r c a r r i ed t o v a r i ous l abo ra to r i es f o r ana l y s i s . S amp l i ng ex e rc i s e was done t oge the r w i t h d i s c ha rge and c u r ren tmeas u remen ts .

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Labo ra to ry res u l t s f o r wa te r qua l i t y pa rame te rs s pec i f i c a l l y t o t a l s us pendeds ed i men t (T S S ) , pes t i c i des , phos pho rus and o rgan i c c a rbon i nd i c a te h i ghe r t o t a l c onc en t ra t i ons f o r s amp l es c o r rec ted du r i ng h i gh f l ows t han s amp l esc o r rec ted du r i ng l ow f l ows . T hes e da ta t oge the r w i t h da ta f o r t he nex tmeas u remen ts w i l l be us ed i n mode l c a l i b ra t i on and v a l i da t i on .T h i s P hD. s t udy i s f i nanc ed by Lak e V i c t o r i a E nv i ronmen ta l Managemen tP ro j ec t , a W or l d B ank F unded P ro j ec t , wh i c h s t a r t ed i n 1997 and a i ms a tp ro tec t i ng and c ons e rv i ng t he Lak e V i c t o r i a ec os y s tem by mon i t o r i ng andc on t ro l l i ng po l l u t i on l ev e l s i n t he l ak e .

J.Rwetabula , F. De Smedt , M. Rebhun ( Israel ) , F. Mwanuzi(Tanzania) .

PHYLARES Alumnus wins Development Co-

operation PrizeE ac h y ea r T he Dev e l opmen t Co -ope ra t i on P r i z es a re awa rded t o s t uden t sand y oung s c i en t i s t s , bas ed on a s c i en t i f i c wo rk o f h i gh re l ev anc e f o r dev e l opmen t c o -ope ra t i on . Mrs . V anes s a Hey v ae r t , P HY LA RE S a l umnus ,g radua ted i n S ep tember 2002 , was one o f t he B e l g i an s t uden t s whorec e i v ed t h i s p r i z e i n 2003 . T he p r i z e c ons i s t s o f an awa rd o f 1 . 250 E u roand was handed ov e r a t an o f f i c i a l c e remony by t he S ec re ta ry o f S ta te f o r Dev e l opmen t Coope ra t i on . T he t hes i s o f M rs . V anes s a Hey v ae r t was t i t l ed :‘ Mode l l i ng o f s o i l e ros i on w i t h G IS : c ompar i s on o f d i f f e ren t mode l s ; c as es tudy : Chac hoengc ao P rov i nc e , T ha i l and ’ , p romo to r was P ro f . M . V an Mo l l e .

Congratulat ions to Mrs. Vanessa Heyvaert !

F or more i n f o rma t i on on t h i s p r i z e s ee :h t t p : / /www.dev c op r i z e .a f r i c amus eum.be

Recharge modelling - WetSpass

T he pu rpos e o f t h i s P hD res ea rc h i s t o ex tend t he p res en t (W e tS pas s ) anddev e l op new rec ha rge s i mu l a t i on p roc edu res . I n a f i r s t s t ep t he W e tS pas smode l f o r r ec ha rge s i mu l a t i on (B a te l aan and De S med t , 2001 ) and i t si n t e r f ac e (K as s a , 2001 ) was f u r t he r mod i f i ed . T he i n t e r f ac e has been bu i l ti n A rc V i ew and i nc l udes numerous d i a l ogs and menu op t i ons t oge the r w i t ht he W e tS pas s mode l c ode , i t a l s o c oup l es W e tS pas s w i t h MO DF LO W . T hepu rpos e o f t he i n t e r f ac e i s t o f ac i l i t a t e i n t e rc hange o f r ec ha rge andg roundwa te r head f i l e s be tween t he two mode l s , f o r a be t t e r c ha rac te r i z a t i on o f t he g roundwa te r s y s tem o f an a rea . I n t he l a t es tmod i f i c a t i on , two s epa ra te ex tens i on f i l e s we re c rea ted t o a l l ow us e rs t o

run t he mode l e i t he r on a s eas ona l ( s ummer and w i n te r ) o r y ea r l y bas i s .

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http://www.devcoprize.africamuseum.be/

http://www.devcoprize.africamuseum.be/



F ur the rmore , a t t emp ts a re made t o ex pand t he mode l f o r t he es t i ma t i on o f r ec ha rge a t a s ma l l e r t i me s c a l e . A us e r ' s gu i de has been dev e l oped , wh i c hi nc l udes a s ho r t bac k g round h i s t o ry o f t he mode l , t heo re t i c a l bas i s o f t heW etS pas s mode l , as pec t s o f t he MO DF LO W mode l t ha t a re re l a t ed t oW e tS pas s , des c r i p t i on o f t he i n t e r f ac e w i t h a l l t he d i a l ogs and menuop t i ons , and a t u t o r i a l .

Solomon T. Woldeamlak, O. Bate laan, F. De Smedt

The Tisza River Project

Rea l - l i f e s c a l e i n t eg ra ted c a t c hmen t mode l s f o r s uppo r t i ng wa te r - andenv i ronmen ta l managemen t dec i s i ons .

T he T i s z a R i v e r P ro j ec t i s an E C-5 t h F ramework P ro j ec t , i t s t a r t ed i n 2002

and w i l l r un un t i l t he end o f 2004 . T h i s i n t e rna t i ona l p ro j ec t was des i gnedfo r t he p ro tec t i on and rev i t a l i z a t i on o f t he un i que r i pa r i an we t l andec os y s tems o f t he T i s z a R i v e r bas i n . O the r p rob l ems i n t he T i s z a R i v e r bas i n i nc l ude wa te r po l l u t i on , bo th by po i n t and non -po i n t s ou rc es (e .g . t heB a i a Mare d i s as te r w i t h c y an i de s p i l l i n 2000 ) , s ev e re wa te r s ho r t ages ,dev as ta t i ng f l oods and ex c es s wa te r i nunda t i ons oc c u r r i ng i n t he s amey ea r , and i n many c as es ev en a t t he s ame s i t e .T he T i s z a R i v e r bas i n i s s i t ua ted i n t he geog raph i c c en t re o f E u rope andc ompr i s es pa r t s o f Roman i a , Hunga ry , Uk ra i ne , S l ov ak i a and S e rb i a . T hes c i en t i f i c ob j ec t i ve o f t he p ro j ec t i s t o dev e l op a “ rea l - l i f e - s c a l e ” i n t eg ra ted

c a t c hmen t mode l s y s tem. T h i s means t he dev e l opmen t o f a p rac t i c a lapp l i c a t i on o r i en ted s e t o f t oo l s , i . e . s i mu l a t i on mode l s f o r wa te r f l ow ,wa te r qua l i t y and ec os y s tem func t i on i ng t ha t a re ex ac t l y t a i l o red t o t hei s s ues t o be s o l v ed and t he av a i l ab i l i t y o f da ta .T he p ro j ec t wo rk i s c a r r i ed ou t by 11 pa r t ne rs f r om 6 c oun t r i es , amongwh i c h 7 pa r t ne rs f r om th ree T i s z a R i v e r bas i n c oun t r i es : Hunga ry , Roman i aand S l ov ak i a . V UB i s pa r t ne r i n l ead o f W ork P ac k age 5 , wh i c h c ons i s t s o f t he dev e l opmen t o f a hy d ro l og i c / hy d rau l ic mode l . T h i s mode l w i l l he l p s o l v ewa te r res ou rc es managemen t and f l ow-gov e rn i ng p rob l ems . T he re fo re V UBwi l l dev e l op a hy d ro l og i c a l mode l , bas ed on t he s pa t i a l l y d i s t r i bu ted

hy d ro l og i c a l mode l W e tS pa , f o r t he en t i r e T i s z a r i v e r bas i n wh i c h c ov e rs ana rea o f 157 200 k m 2 . T he de ta i l ed bas i n c ha rac te r i s t i c s , wh i c h s e rv e asi npu t pa rame te rs t o t he mode l , w i l l be de r i v ed f rom a d i g i t a l e l ev a t i onmode l (DE M) , d i g i t a l l and us e and s o i l maps by means o f G IS . T he ex c es sruno f f f o r ev e ry g r i d c e l l w i l l be rou ted t o t he bas i n ou t l e t a l ong t hetopog raph i c a l l y de r i v ed f l ow pa ths us i ng a d i f f us i v e wav e res pons efunc t i on . T he runo f f v e l oc i t y w i l l be c ompu ted w i t h t he Mann i ng equa t i on .F i na l l y , t he t o t a l d i s c ha rge w i l l be c a l c u l a ted by c onv o l u t i on o f t he f l owres pons e f rom a l l g r i d c e l l s . Hy d ro l og i c a l mode l ou tpu t w i l l be f ed i n t ohy d rau l i c and f l ow-a l l oc a t i on mode l s , wh i c h w i l l be us ed i n t he wa te r qua l i t yand ec o l og i c a l s i mu l a t i on mode l s .

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Cur ren t l y t he hy d ro l og i c a l mode l s f o r 3 p i l o t s ubwa te rs heds i n d i f f e ren tc oun t r i es a re be i ng dev e l oped . F u r t he rmore a s now mode l i s be i ngi nc o rpo ra ted t o t he W e tS pa mode l , wh i c h ac c oun t s f o r t he e f f ec t s o f s nowfa l l and s now me l t on runo f f .V UB w i l l a l s o c oope ra te i n wo rk pac k age 6 i n t he dev e l opmen t o f a non -po i n t s ou rc e runo f f - l oad c a t c hmen t mode l , wh i c h w i l l be l i n k ed t o t hegene ra l hy d ro l og i c a l mode l o f t he c a t c hmen t . T h i s mode l w i l l p rov i de t hei npu t t o t he r i v e r and l ak e wa te r qua l i t y mode l s . F i na l l y , a t t he end o f t hep ro j ec t , V UB w i l l c on t r i bu te i n t he d i s s em i na t i on o f t he p ro j ec t ’ s res u l t ss c hedu l ed i n wo rk pac k age 9 , as t o p rov i de a l l k i nds o f d i f f e ren t end -us e rsw i t h means t o he l p s av i ng wa te r res ou rc es and ec o l og i c a l v a l ues w i t h t hehe l p o f i n t eg ra ted c a t c hmen t managemen t t oo l s and t o s ec u re t hes us ta i nab l e us e o f t he res ou rc es o f t he T i s z a R i v e r B as i n .F o r mo re i n f o rma t i on abou t t he T i s z a r i v e r p ro j ec t s ee :h t t p : / /www. t i s z a r i v e r . c om/

J. Cor luy, A. Bahremand, Y. Liu and F. De Smedt

Tools for integrated water management of theWoluwe catchment: hydrogeological model andecological indicators for sustainable managementof the river-pond system(Blue plan)

T h i s p ro j ec t i s s uppo r t ed by t he M i n i s t r y o f B rus s e l s Cap i t a l Reg i on and i sc o l l abo ra t i on w i t h t he Labo ra to ry o f G ene ra l B o tany and Na tu reManagemen t (V UB ) . T he p ro j ec t was ex ec u ted by D r . E . R i mav i c i u t e f r omO c tobe r 2002 t i l l A ugus t 2003 .O ne o f t he ma i n ob j ec t i v es o f t he mode rn l and p l ann i ng i s t o ens u re t ha tnumerous env i ronmen ta l as pec t s o f t he l and managemen t a re f u l l yc ons i de red and f o rehand t ak en i n t o ac c oun t . Hy d ro l og i c a l c y c l e andg roundwa te r i n pa r t i c u l a r a re among t hos e po ten t i a l l y adv e rs e l y a f f ec ted .T he re fo re t he ob j ec t i v e o f t h i s s t udy i s t o as s es s t he ec ohy d ro l og i c a l

re l a t i ons i n t he h i gh l y an th ropogen i c W o l uwe Ca tc hmen t (B rus s e l s Reg i on )by t he means o f ana l y s i ng t he hy d ro l og i c a l s t a t us o f t he a rea , f i r s t o f a l lex tend and magn i t ude o f g roundwa te r rec ha rge and d i s c ha rge (we t l andsand ponds ) , t hus i den t i f y i ng t he mos t s ens i t i v e a reas f r om the ec o l og i c a lpo i n t o f v i ew .W e tS pas s res u l t s i nd i c a te s i mu l a ted y ea r l y g roundwa te r rec ha rge i n t heW o l uwe c a t c hmen t t o be w i t h i n 0 t o 347 mm/y ea r range , w i t h an av e rage o f 226 mm/y ea r . S i gn i f i c an t l y h i ghe r rec ha rge (ov e r 250 mm/y ea r ) i s obs e rv edi n t he a reas c ov e red by t he v ege ta t i on , ma i n l y i n t he s ou th . W h i l e t hel owes t g roundwa te r rec ha rge ( l es s t han 100 mm/y ea r ) c o i nc i de w i t h t he

s i t es whe re t he wa te r bod i es a re l oc a ted i n t he c a t c hmen t . MO DF LO W

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http://www.tiszariver.com/





r es u l t s s how t ha t t he mos t i mpo r t an t z one f rom ec o l og i c a l po i n t o f v i ew i swhe re g roundwa te r i s l es s t han 2 m be l ow t he s u r f ac e . I t c ons t i t u t es 5 .2 %o f t he c a t c hmen t and oc c up i es a re l a t i v e l y na r row 60 -360 m s t re t c h a l ongthe W o l uwe R i v e r and i t s ma j o r t r i bu ta r i es . Mos t o f t he s i mu l a ted d i s c ha rgea reas a l s o appea r as na r row bands a l ong t he r i v e r c ou rs es and i n manyc as es i nc l ude a reas w i t h ponds . T he t o t a l d i s c ha rge a rea c ons t i t u t es 1 .35k m 2 o r 1 .5 % o f t he t o t a l c a t c hmen t s i z e w i t h an av e rage d i s c ha rge o f 43mm/day . MO DP A T H res u l t s s how g roundwa te r f l ow t i mes rang i ng f r om 17day s t o 423 y ea rs w i t h an av e rage o f 32 y ea rs . F o l l ow i ng i n f i l t r a t i on , wa te r f r om as muc h as 50 pe r c en t o f t he c a t c hmen t a rea reac hes i t s d i s c ha rgereg i on and l eav es t he g roundwa te r s y s tem i n l es s t han 16 y ea rs . F o r 75 %o f t he c a t c hmen t t h i s number i s app rox i ma te l y 45 y ea rs , and f o r 90 % -a round 87 y ea rs .T he d i s c ha rge a reas p red i c t ed w i t h MO DF LO W c ompare f av ou rab l y w i t h t heres u l t s ob ta i ned f rom the v ege ta t i on mapp i ng . W i t h i n t he f o r t heph rea tophy tes s t ud i ed z one i n t o t a l 54 s i t es o r 69% o f t he mapped l oc a t i ons

l i e w i t h i n d i s c ha rge a reas as c a l c u l a ted by t he mode l . Mos t o f t herema i n i ng d i s c repanc i es a re mos t p robab l y due t o s c a l e l i m i t a t i ons o f t hes i mu l a t i ons and unc e r t a i n t y i n t he ph rea tophy te mapp i ng .

E. Rimavic iute , F. De Smedt , O. Bate laan

Tracer Analysis and Vulnerability Mapping of Tropical Karst Systems in NW Vietnam

T he s tudy a reas i n NW V i e tnam w i t h i n t he V L IR p ro j ec t s V IB E K A P andLL INC a re a l l v e ry v u l ne rab l e w i t h res pec t t o t he wa te r qua l i t y . T he s t rongk a rs t i f i c a t i on o f t hes e a reas i s t he ma i n c aus e o f t h i s v u l ne rab i l i t y . I n manytowns , t he res u rgenc es a re t he ma i n s ou rc es f o r d r i nk i ng wa te r s upp l y ;mos t l y i t i s us ed un f i l t e red . Howev e r , due t o t he k a rs t i f i c a t i on t hev u l ne rab i l i t y i s a l s o h i gh l y s pa t i a l he te rogeneous and d i f f i c u l t t o as s es s .T he pu rpos es o f t h i s P hD res ea rc h a re t he re fo re t o s e t -up and t es t ame thodo l ogy f o r v u l ne rab i l i t y mapp i ng o f t hes e k a rs t s y s tems . A r t i f i c i a l andenv i ronmen ta l t r ac e r t es t s and ana l y s i s w i l l p l ay i n t he v e r i f i c a t i on o f t hev u l ne rab i l i t y a c ruc i a l r o l e .

I n t he f i r s t phas e d i f f e ren t a r t i f i c i a l t r ac e r t es t s and hy d rogeo l og i c a lmapp i ngs a re pe r f o rmed . A l s o , nec es s a ry geog raph i c a l da ta i s c o l l ec ted f o r l a t e r us e i n v u l ne rab i l i t y mapp i ng . S pec i a l a t t en t i on i s g i v en t o t hev u l ne rab l e c a t c hmen t o f t he wa te r s upp l y o f S on La T own , t he T am T a T ongres u rgenc e , as we l l as t o t he a rea o f Lung V an (Hoa B i nh p rov i nc e ) , wh i c hfac es s t rong dev e l opmen t in t he c omi ng y ea rs . I n t he s ec ond phas e , t heus e o f s t ab l e i s o tope res ea rc h (O x y gen -18 ) i s ex p l o red f o r env i ronmen ta lt r ac i ng . S ev e ra l wa te r s amp l e s t a t i ons we re i ns ta l l ed i n t he ra i ny s eas on o f 2002 . Hy d ro l og i c a l , hy d rogeoc hem i c a l da ta a re c o l l ec ted i n c omb i na t i on

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wi th env i ronmen ta l t r ac e r da ta f o r i n t e rp re ta t i on o f t he ev o l u t i on o f g roundwa te r and m i x i ng c omponen t s i n k a rs t aqu i f e r s .T he P hD res ea rc h (p romo to r F . De S med t , adv i s o r O . B a te l aan ) i ss pons o red by t he B e l g i an T ec hn i c a l Coope ra t i on and i s ex ec u ted pa r t - t i mea t t he Res ea rc h I ns t i t u t e o f G eo l ogy and M i ne ra l Res ou rc es , Hano i ,V i e tnam (R IG MR) and a t t he HY DR depa r tmen t .

Vu Thi Minh Nguyet

Two hyperspectral remote sensing projects in theDoode Bemde wetland

I n bo th 2002 and 2003 t he F ede ra l O f f i c e f o r S c i en t i f i c , T ec hn i c a l andCu l t u ra l A f f a i r s (DW T C) f i nanc ed a p ro j ec t on hy pe rs pec t ra l r emo te

s ens i ng . T he CA S I -S W IR-A T M p ro j ec t s a re c oo rd i na ted by V IT O and a re i np repa ra t i on o f t he hy pe rs pec t ra l A P E X s a te l l i t e s ens o r , wh i c h i s c u r ren t l yunde r dev e l opmen t . T he Depa r tmen t o f Hy d ro l ogy and Hy d rau l i cE ng i nee r i ng o f t he V r i j e Un i v e rs i t e i t B rus s e l (V UB ) o rgan i z ed a c omb i nedf i e l d and a i rbo rne f l i gh t c ampa i gn f o r t he hy pe rs pec t ra l r emo te s ens i ng o f mo i s t u re g rad i en t s (S ep tember 2002 ) and wa te r and ene rgy f l ux es ( J une2003 ) i n t he na tu re res e rv e Doode B emde , l oc a ted i n t he v a l l ey o f t he D i j l eR i v e r . A f i r s t ob j ec t i v e i s t o tes t an app rop r ia te hy pers pec t ra l ana lys i s me thod ,us i ng t he CA S I -S W IR da ta , f o r t he k nown (bas ed upon f i e l d and s i mu l a t i onda ta ) mo i s t u re g rad i en t s . A s t a t i s t i c a l c ompar i s on o f t he i n t e rpo l a ted s o i lmo i s t u re f o r t he s e l ec ted g ras s l and w i t h eac h i nd i v i dua l band o f t hehy pe rs pec t ra l CA S I -S W IR da tas e t s hows t he h i ghes t c o r re l a t i on ( -0 .6871 )

f o r band 24 (0 .5690 µm) and t he s u r round i ng bands . A no the r peak i s f ound

a t band 48 (0 .7060 µm) . T he s pec t ra l bands 90 t o 93 s how the l owes tc o r re l a t i on v a l ues (a round -0 .24 ) . T he c o r re l a t i on c u rv e f o r t he g roundwa te r dep th s hows a s i m i l a r pa t t e rn , bu t w i t h l owe r c o r re l a t i on v a l ues (max i mumaround 0 .45 ) , ex c ep t f o r t he bands 55 t o 75 .T he s ec ond a i m i s t o dev e l op a me thodo l ogy f o r mapp i ng o f s ha l l owg roundwa te r c ond i t i ons bas ed on hy pe rs pec t ra l i den t i f i c a t i on andc l as s i f i c a t i on o f ph rea tophy tes . I n o rde r t o c l as s i f y ph rea tophy tes f r om theCA S I -S W IR i mage , 18 p l an t s pec i es a re de f i ned . T he s pec t ra l ang l e me thod(S A M) c l as s i f i e r i s us ed t o map t he ph rea tophy tes i n t he s t udy a rea . A l l t hep l an t s pec i es a re c ha rac te r i z ed by t he i r s pec t ra l c u rv e , wh i c h i s de te rm i nedon bas i s o f pu re p i x e l s f o r eac h s pec i es . W hen t he c l as s i f i c a t i on res u l t swe re c ompared w i t h t he av a i l ab l e s pec i es a t l as f o r t he a rea and add i t i ona lf i e l d obs e rv a t i on , i t s howed good ag reemen t . F o r c ampa i gn o f 2003 t he rma la i rbo rne da ta was a l s o ob ta i ned and w i l l be us ed f o r ev apo t rans p i ra t i onc a l c u l a t i on .

Hung L.Q. , Verbeiren, B. , Bate laan O. and De Smedt F.

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VLIR supported karst project VIBEKAP ends,LLINC and Trans-KARST2004 continue

I n t he l as t f i v e y ea r y ou we re regu l a r l y i n f o rmed abou t t he ac t i v i t i e s o f t heV L IR s pons o red p ro j ec t ‘ Ru ra l dev e l opmen t i n t he moun ta i n k a rs t a rea o f NW V i e tnam by s us ta i nab l e wa te r and l and managemen t and s oc i a ll ea rn i ng : i t s c ond i t i ons and f ac i l i t a t i on ’ . T h i s p ro j ec t was muc h be t t e r k nown unde r i t s abb rev i a t i on V IB E K A P and was a mu l t i d i s c i p l i na ryc oope ra t i on o f t he Res ea rc h I ns t i t u t e o f G eo l ogy and M i ne ra l Res ou rc es(R IG MR) , P edagogy , G eo l ogy , G eog raphy and A g r i c u l t u re Depa r tmen ts f r omthe K .U .Leuv en , B e l g i um G eo l og i c a l S u rv ey (B G D) and t he Depa r tmen t o f Hy d ro l ogy and Hy d rau l i c E ng i nee r i ng (V UB ) . V IB E K A P ended i n S ep tember 2003 a f t e r f i v e v e ry i n t ens i v e and s uc c es s fu l y ea rs o f r es ea rc h , t r a i n i ng

and p rac t i c a l i mp l emen ta t i on o f r es ea rc h res u l t s i n t he k a rs t i c a rea o f S onLa , V i e tnam. Co -p romo to r J . Mas s c he l e i n (K .U .Leuv en ) and M . Dus a r (B G D)a t t ended i n S ep tember t he f i na l mee t i ngs a t R IG MR, Hano i . S c i en t i f i c a l l y ah i gh l i gh t o f t he p ro j ec t was t he c omp l e t i on o f t he P hD o f Mr . T hanh T am V uon ‘ Cha rac te r i z a t i on o f a K a rs t i c s y s tem by an i n t eg ra t i v e and mu l t i -app roac h s y s tem. A c as e s tudy o f S uo i Muo i and Nam La c a t c hmen ts i nNo r t hwes t V i e tnam ’ ( s ee f o r an abs t rac t t he s ec t i on Doc to ra l t hes es ) . D r .T am has been f o r t he hy d ro l og i c a l pa r t o f t he p ro j ec t o f eno rmousi mpo r tanc e , he has s e tup t he meas u remen ts i n t he Nam La and S uo i Muo ik a rs t bas i ns and wo rk ed t hes e ou t i n f i v e s c i en t i f i c pape rs . H i s res u l t si nc reas e t he unde rs tand i ng o f t hes e k a rs t s y s tems and he l p i n de f i n i ngs o l u t i ons f o r m i t i ga t i ng t he f l ood i ng and d rough t p rob l ems i n t he a rea . Ano ther ma jo r res u l t o f the p ro jec t i s t he t r a in ing , wh ic h was g i v en to s t a f f members o f R IG MR. T he depa r tmen t , by way o f IUP W A RE and P HY LA RE S ,p l ay ed an ac t i v e ro l e by t r a i n i ng more t han 15 R IG MR s ta f f members f o r anMS c deg ree , a l l o f t hem we re s uppo r t ed by V L IR o r V UB A RO S s c ho l a rs h i ps .Cu r ren t l y t h ree R IG MR s ta f f members a re wo rk i ng on t he i r P hD i n t hedepa r tmen t . A l t hough V IBEK A P ended , the coope ra t i on w i t h V ie tnam c on t i nues by wayo f t he LL INC p ro j ec t ‘ Imp rov i ng mu l t i - s t ak eho l de r c o l l abo ra t i on f o r c ons e rv a t i on o f t he P u Luong - Cuc P huong l i mes tone l ands c ape , NW

V i e tnam (LL INC) ’ . P a r t ne rs f o r t h i s p ro j ec t a re I ns t i t u t e o f E thno l ogy , Hano i( IE ) , R IG MR, t he P edagogy , P s y c ho l ogy , G eog raphy Depa r tmen ts f r om theK .U .Leuv en , Cen t re f o r s us ta i nab l e dev e l opmen t o f t he Un i v e rs i t y o f G hen t ,B G D and t he Depa r tmen t o f Hy d ro l ogy and Hy d rau l i c E ng i nee r i ng (V UB ) .T he LL INC p ro j ec t , l o c a l l y c oo rd i na ted by O l i v i e r T es s i e r , i s now i n i t ss ec ond y ea r and t he res ea rc h t o enab l e t he s uppo r t f o r t he dev e l opmen t o f a l ands c ape p l an and t he managemen t qua l i t y o f t he en t i r e P u Luong - CucP huong p ro tec ted a rea ne two rk , bas ed on an i mp rov ed k now l edge bas e o f t he l i mes tone l ands c ape and i t s i n t e rac t i ons w i t h a l l i n v o l v ed s tak eho l de r

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g roups , i s now f u l l y dev e l oped . R IG MR pub l i s hed f o r t he p ro j ec t a repo r t onthe geo l og i c a l c ha rac te r i s t i cs o f t he P u Luong a rea .I n 2004 t he a bov e men t i oned B e l g i an and V i e tnames e pa r t ne rs w i l l o rgan i z ew i t h s uppo r t o f t he V L IR f rom 13 t i l l 18 S ep tember i n Hano i , t he T rans -K A RS T 2004 c on fe renc e . T rans -K A RS T 2004 w i l l o f f e r a f o rum to d i s c us sbas i c and app l i ed res ea rc h f i nd i ngs and me thodo l og i es , wh i c h c anc on t r i bu te t o t he managemen t and dev e l opmen t o f k a rs t a reas . I t a i ms t os t reng then i n t e res t i n t he p res e rv a t i on o f geod i v e rs i t y , b i od i v e rs i t y andc u l t u ra l d i v e rs i t y t h rough p romo t i on o f s us ta i nab l e re l a t i ons h i ps be tweenthem and t o ex p l o re way s t o i n t eg ra te na tu ra l and s oc i a l s c i enc esapp roac hes i n t he managemen t o f k a rs t s y s tems . T he Con fe renc e w i l l beo rgan i z ed a round t he t hemes : P o l i c y and managemen t o f l and and wa te r res ou rc es , Dev e l opmen t o f i n f ras t ruc tu re and as s es s men t o f env i ronmen ta lr i s k s and haz a rds , Cons e rv a t i on o f ec o -s y s tems , I n t eg ra t i on o f na tu ra l ands oc i a l s c i enc e app roac hes . Con fe renc e webs i t e :h t t p : / /www.v ub .ac .be / t rans -k a rs t2004. No te t ha t i t i s s t i l l pos s i b l e t o s ubm i t

abs t rac t s ! A l s o t he re a re a f ew s c ho l a rs h i ps f o r t r av e l av a i l ab l e , s ee 2 n d announc emen t on webs i t e .

O. Bate laan, Vu Thanh Tam, Vu Thi Minh Nguyet , Le Quoc Hung,Nguyen Thanh Long and F. De Smedt

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http://www.vub.ac.be/trans-karst2004





6 . EUROPEAN PROGRAMMES

6.1 SOCRATES / ERASMUS for higher

education

* The Institutional Contract Student and staff mobility is governed by the Institutional Contract-scheme of the SOCRATES /ERASMUS Programme, which the European Commission signs with each university. TheInternational Relations office of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel has its web-site at:

h t tp : / /w w w .vu b .ac .b e /en g l i sh / in ts tu ex .h tm l

where details and forms for applications can be found.

* STUDENT MOBILITY

The following ERASMUS-students studied with IUPWARE in the academic year 2002-2003:* from Warsaw University of Technology (PL)

Mierzwicki, Krysztof

Pradzynska, Dominika* from Universität für Bodenkultur Wien (A)

Wölfe, Guido

* INTENSIVE PROGRAMME

The SOCRATES Intensive Programme entitled HYDRO-EUROPE is aiming to introducecollaborative learning through virtual laboratories. Partners are UNSA (co-ordinator), NICE (FR);VUB, Brussels (BE); EPFL, Lausanne (CH); BTU, Cottbus (DE) and IHE, Delft (NL).

http://www.hydro-web.org/2003/HydroEurope/

The following VUB-students participated in this “virtual laboratory” and attended the face-to-facefinal workshop with field excursions on 24 February – 8 March 2003 in Nice (FR) at the Universityof Nice-Sophia Antipolis (UNSA):

-Mugur DUMITTRACHE-Barbara VAN HOOREWEDER-Koen VANDERPUTTEN-Filip VERHOYE

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They were monitored by Profs. W. Bauwens, J. J. Peters and A. Van der Beken. See the DailyReports of the Face-to-face meeting and the “Fun presentation about the Nice time” on the websiteof Hydro-Europe.

6.2 ETNET.ENVIRONMENT-WATER

European Thematic Network of Education and Training (supported by theSOCRATES Programme of the European Commission)

ETNET 21 (2000-2003)

http://etnet.vub.ac.be

The relation between education and research within a perspective of lifelong learning

ETNET 21 focuses on the relation between:

the learning processes, methods and tools research and technological development (RTD) in the broad multi-disciplinary domain of environment-water as producers of new know-ledge and skills to enhance the transfer of this newknowledge and skills into the higher education systems, including continuing education andtraining and professional development systems in a perspective of life long learning.

ETNET21 was co-ordinated till 30 September 2003 by Prof. A. Van der Beken who organized the3rd Plenary Assembly in Thessaloniki, 28 August 2003, in conjunction with the 30 th Congress of theInternational Association of Hydraulic Engineering and Research (IAHR) with a general theme“WATER ENGINEERING AND RESEARCH IN A LEARNING SOCIETY: Modern Developments

and Traditional Concepts” and its specific theme E “Education, Research and Profession”. Thefinal reports of ETNET21 as well as A REVIEW OF RECENT PAPERS ON WATER-RELATEDEDUCATION AND TRAINING were presented in the sessions of theme E of the Congress. Seepage 67.

ETNET21 continues as a DISSEMINATION PROJECT 2003-2004 under the co-ordination of Prof.Peter HOLZ of the Brandenburg Technical University (BTU) at Cottbus (DE).

Dissemination in ONE “Virtual Teaching and Training Community”

http://etnet21.bauinf.tu-cottbus.de/

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http://etnet.vub.ac.be/



http://etnet.vub.ac.be/



The general aim of the Dissemination Project is to make achievements and essential results of theEuropean Thematic Network of Education and Training in Environment-Water (ETNET21) visibleand accessible through a number of regional centres within EU and Accession Countries. Thesecentres will operate on a Web-based “VIRTUAL LABORATORY” platform using the results on

everyday basis.6.3 LATEST NEWS / KeyWATER

Under editorship of Professor P. Holz

LATEST NEWS

on-line, near weekly NEWSLETTERsent automatically to all subscribers

OBJECTIVE JUST ENOUGH - JUST IN TIME

information screened for WATER PEOPLE

upstream of the dynamic website KeyWATER:

http://keywater.bauinf.tu-cottbus.de/

KeyWATER is the information portal for WATER people: a KEY to water-environmentrelated activities in the domain of education, training, transfer of knowledge, skills andcompetencies, mobility of students and staff, job-vacancies, research and technologicaldevelopment (RTD), demonstration and innovation. KeyWATER is updated weekly byarchiving the Emailing LATEST NEWS. KeyWATER/LATEST NEWS are partiallysponsored through EC-funded projects.There are currently over 900 articles in the KeyWATER archive, called "chessboard" of 4

themes and 4 tools, retrievable by title, date of event or deadline, country and keyword;there is also a SEARCH engine. 80% of this information is "free for all", the remainingis restricted to subscribers of KeyWATER and its weekly Emailing LATEST NEWS.

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IUPWARE is a member of

Forum of European Freshwater Organizations

Mission

To be a network for European freshwater researchso as to provide relevant knowledge to EuropeanUnion, Governments, river commissions, water management authorities and water industry,contributing to sustainable management of European freshwater, the global competitiveness of Europe’s water sector and a better quality of life.

Objectives

* Promotion of transfer of knowledge on freshwater research management between science and policy,

at national, river basin and European Union level,contributing to the protection and sustainable use of European freshwater resources and a better qualityof life.

* Encouraging collaboration between researchersand

between research institutes, to identify and promote

areas of supranational, freshwater-related researchof supranational to institutions involved, e.g.the European Commission, leading to increased

cost-effectiveness of European water research.

* Sharing experiences on the management of non-profit making freshwater research institutes.

* Making relevant expert advice readily available for application within the European Union.

* Increasing the competitiveness of the Europeanwater

sector on global scale.

Other members are:

BAW - Austrian Federal Agency for Water

ManagementBFG - German Federal Institute of HydrologyCEDEX - Spanish Center for Public Works Researchand StudiesCEH - Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford,UKCEMAGREF - French Institute of Agricultural and

Environmental Engineering ResearchDHI - Danish Water and EnvironmentEAWAG - Swiss Federal Institute for EnvironmentalScience

and TechnologyEPA - Environmental Protection Agency of IrelandFEI - Finnish Environment InstituteIRSA - Italian Water Research InstituteIVL - Swedish Environmental Research InstituteLNEC - Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil of PortugalNIVA - Norwegian Institute for Water ResearchNTUA - National Technical University of Athens,GreeceRIZA - Institute for Inland Water Management andWaste

Water Treatment, The Netherlands

Observer members:

Czech Republic, T. G. Masaryk Water ResearchInstituteEstonia, Technical University of Tallinn, TTUHungary, Water Resources Research Centre,VITUKIPoland, Institute of Water Engineering and Water

Management, Cracow University of

Technology

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Slovak Republic, Slovak HydrometeorologicalInstitute, SHMU

http://www.euraqua.org

7 . PEOPLE, SEMINARS ANDVIS ITORS

SEMINARS by v is i tors were given on:

8 A p r i l 2003 Dr . F ekad u Mo r ed a E x pe r i enc es on d i s t r i bu ted hy d ro l og i cO f f i c e o f Hy d ro l og i c mode l l i ng : r equ iremen ts (da ta and

Dev e l omen t , S i l v e r c ompu ta t i on ) , c a l i b ra t i on and v a l i da t i onS p r i ngs , US A

9 A p r i l 2003 Dr . Y . G yas i -Ag ye i T ec hno l ogy -bas ed c os t e f f ec t i v e i r r i ga t i onCen t ra l Q ueens l and s y s tem on e l ev a ted s t eep s l opes .

O p t i mum us eUn i v e rs i t y , A us t ra l i a o f e ros i on Con t ro l b l ank e t s and was te

ba l l as t( roc k ) mu l c h t o a i d g ras s es tab l i s hmen t

on

s teep s l opes .

Visi tors to the Department:

December 2003Prof . Wal te r Gra f o f the Labora tory o f Env i ronmenta l Hydrau l ics ,Eco le Po l i techn ique de Lausanne, Swi tzer land, was guest lec turer fo r the course Eng ineer ing Hydrau l ics . Pro f . Gra f is au thor o f severa lwe l l known books on f luv ia l hydrau l ics .

Prof. Charles Melching, new Associate Editor of JHR

P ro f . Cha r l es Me l c h i ng i s A s s oc i a te P ro fes s o r i n t he Depa r tmen t o f C i v i land E nv i ronmen ta l E ng i nee r i ng a t Ma rque t t e Un i v e rs i t y i n M i l wauk ee ,W i s c ons i n , US A . H i s p r i ma ry a rea o f i n t e res t i s s t oc has t i c hy d rau l i c s ,pa r t i c u l a r l y t he app l i c a t i on o f unc e r t a i n t y and re l i ab i l i t y ana l y s i s i n

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http://www.euraqua.org/

http://www.euraqua.org/



hy d ro l og i c and wa te r -qua l i t y mode l l i ng . He has been a V i s i t i ng Lec tu re r i nt he IUP W A RE p rog ramme, oppo r t un i t i es f o r 6 week s a t t he Hong K ongUn i v e rs i t y o f S c i enc e and T ec hno l ogy (1996 ) , 6 mon ths a t t he V UB (1998 -99 ) , and one mon th a t t he P oz nan Un i v e rs i t y o f T ec hno l ogy (2002 ) . He a l s oas s i s t ed t he W a te r Res ou rc es P rog ram o f t he W or l d Me teo ro l og i c a lO rgan i z a t i on (W MO ) i n t he c omp l e t i on o f t he p ro j ec t “Comprehens i v e A ss es sment o f R is ks f r om Na tu ra l H aza r ds ” .P ro f . Me l c h i ng bec ame an A s s oc i a te E d i t o r o f t he I n t e rna t i ona l J ou rna l o f S ed i men t Res ea rc h beg i nn i ng F a l l 2002 and w i l l r ev i ew and ed i t pape rs onopen c hanne l hy d rau l i c s , u rban d ra i nage , ra i n f a l l - r uno f f mode l l i ng , ando the r t op i c s as as s i gned .

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Obituary Prof. Jan Mariën (1953 – 2003)

P ro f . J an Mar i ën d i ed on J u l y 23 , 2003 aged 50 a f t e r b rav e l y f i gh t i ng ad i s eas e he c ou l d no t w i n . He s tud i ed a t t he V UB and ob ta i ned h i s P hD i n

1982 w i t h a t r ea t i s e on “T he Des i gn and O pe ra t i on o f F l ood Res e rv o i r S y s tem” . S i nc e 1975 he was as s i s t an t , f i r s t a t t he Depa r tmen t o f Hy d ro l ogy(P ro f . A . V an de r B ek en ) , and l a t e r a t t he depa r tmen t o f S ta t i s t i c s andO pera t i ona l Res ea rc h (P ro f . L . V an de W i e l e ) . I n 1992 he bec ame f u l l - t i mep ro fes s o r a t t ha t depa r tmen t . F rom 1984 un t i l 1990 he l ec tu red i n t he I n t e r -Un i v e rs i t y P rog ramme i n Hy d ro l ogy on “O pe ra t i ona l Res ea rc h ” and “S y s tem App roac h t o Wa te r Managemen t ” . He was s upe rv i so r o f s ev e ra l MS c t hes esi n hy d ro l ogy and c o -au tho r o f two book s i n t he V UB -Hy d ro l og i e s e r i es :“B es l i s s i ngs c r i t e r i a i n he t W a te rbehee r ” , M . Mee rs s eman and J . Ma r i ën ,1979 , V UB -Hy d ro l og i e 3 , and “E en c omprom i s -me thodo l og i e t e r

v oo rbe re i d i ng v an be l e i ds bes l i s s i ngen i n he t wa te rbehee r ” , J . Ma r i ën , K . DeV os , A . F auc onn i e r and H . Ramon , 1985 , V UB -Hy d ro l og i e 10 .I n h i s l a t e r c a ree r h i s i n t e res t and res ea rc h bec ame more dev o ted t os ta t i s t i c a l and ope ra t i ona l t ec hn i ques i n o the r f i e l ds . W e w i l l r emember h i mas one o f t he p i onee rs o f hy d ro l og i c res ea rc h and Mas te r o f S c i enc eeduc a t i on i n hy d ro l ogy a t t he V UB .

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8 . PUBLICATIONS andPRESENTATIONS

For the fu l l l i s t o f the pub l ica t ions o f the Depar tment , sur f to :

http:/ / tww6.vub.ac.be/hydr/default .htm

2002

P U B L I C A T I O N S

BATELAAN, O. and KUNTOHADI, T.Development and application of groundwater model for the Upper Biebrza river basin

Annals of Warsaw Agricultural University – SGGW, Land Reclamation no. 33, P. 57-69

COOLS, J., BATELAAN, O. and DE SMEDT, F.How much groundwater can be used? Towards quantification of Sustainablegroundwater managementProceedings of Symposium on Intensive Use of Groundwater, Valencia, Spain, 10-14

December 2002, 10pp.

VAN DER BEKEN, A.Information and knowledge transfer as a process of continuing education andtrainingIn: Hydro-geological disasters reduction: developments and perspectives, ed. Dr. Andah,K., WARREDOC, GRIFO publishers, CNR publication 2508, Perugia, 2002

2003

P U B L I C A T I O N S

AISH, A. and DE SMEDT, F.Hydrogeological Study of a Proposed Artificial Recharge of Groundwater, GazaStrip – PalestineProceedings of The Second International Conference on Wadi Hydrology, 1-4 July 2003,

Amman – Jordan, WH 42: 10 pp.

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BATELAAN, O. and DE SMEDT, F.SEEPAGE, a new MODFLOW DRAIN Package

Accepted for Ground Water

BATELAAN, O., ASEFA, T., VAN ROSSUM, P. and DE SMEDT, F.Groundwater flow modeling of three wetland ecosystems in river valleys inFlanders, BelgiumIn: Verhoest, N.E.C., Hudson, J. and De Troch, F.P. (eds), Monitoring and ModelingCatchment Water Quantity and Quality, Proceedings of 8th Conference of the EuropeanNetwork of Experimental and Representative Basins (ERB), Ghent (Belgium), 27-29September, 2000, UNESCO IHP-VI. Technical Documents in Hydrology, no. 66, 1-7

BATELAAN, O. DE SMEDT, F. and TRIEST, L.

Regional groundwater discharge: phreatophyte mapping, groundwater modellingand impact analysis of land-use changeJournal of Hydrology, 275/1-2: 86-108

BATELAAN, O., VERBEIREN, B. and HUNG L. Q.Doode Bemde CASI-SWIR 2002 campaign: hyperspectral sensing, fieldmeasurements and initial results of moisture gradientsGeophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 5, 07326

BATELAAN, O., VERBEIREN, B., HUNG, L.Q. and DE SMEDT, F.Hyperspectrale teledetectie van vochtgradiënten: de invloed van infiltratie- enkwelgebiedenEindrapport voor Contract SR/03.14, Programma STEREO, Luik 1: Opbouw vanwetenschappelijke expertise, Actielijn 4: Het exploiteren van instrumenten aan boord vanvliegtuigen – CASI-SWIR campagne 2002. Federale diensten voor Wetenschappelijke,Technische en Culturele Aangelegenheden, 35pp + CD

COOLS, J.

Ook Vlaanderen evolueert naar integral waterbeleid(Towards integrated water management in Flanders)Juristenkrant nr. 75:15

CORLUY, J., VERBEIREN, B., BATELAAN, O. and DE SMEDT, F.Ecosysteemvisie zuidelijke bronnen en bovenloopgebieden van het KempensPlateaudeel 2: Hydrologische SysteemmodelleringOnderzoeksopdracht MINA/105/99/02., Ministerie van de Vlaamse Gemenschap,

AMINAL, 122pp.

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CUNGE, J. A. and VAN DER BEKEN, A.A review of recent papers on water-related education and trainingSome critical and provocative thoughts for discussionETNET ENVIRONMENT-WATER (ETNET21), 30th congress of IAHR, Thessaloniki,

Greece, 24-29 August 2003, 172p.

DE SMEDT, F. and BATELAAN, O.Investigation of the human impact on regional groundwater systemsE. Tiezzi, C. A. Brebbia and J. L. Uso (Eds), Ecosystems and Sustainable Development,

Advances in Ecological Sciences 19, WITpress: 1145-1153

DE SMEDT, F., LIU, Y., GEBREMESKEL, S., HOFFMANN, L. and PFISTER, L.Application of GIS and remote sensing in flood modeling for complex terrain

International Conference of GIS and Remote Sensing in Hydrology, Water Resourcesand Environment (ICGRHWE), September 16-19, 2003, Three Gorges Dam, China: 12pp.

EL IDRYSY E. H. and DE SMEDT, F.A groundwater model of the Trifa aquifer in MoroccoMODFLOW and More 2003: Understanding through Modeling. Conference Proceedings,Poeter, Zheng, Hill & Doherty (eds.), International Ground Water Modeling Centre,Colorado School of Mines: 173-177

FEYEN. L., GOMEZ-HERNANDEZ, J.J., RIBEIRO, P.J., BEVEN, K.J. and DE SMEDT,F.A Bayesian approach to stochastic capture zone delineation incorporating tracer arrival times, conductivity measurements and hydraulic head observationsWater Resources Research 39(5): 10.1-10.13

FEYEN, L., RIBEIRO, P.J., DE SMEDT, F. and DIGGLE, P.J.Bayesian methodology to stochastic capture zone determination: conditioning on

transmissivity measurementsWater Resources Research, 38(9): 3.1-3.10

FEYEN, L., RIBEIRO, P.J., GOMEZ-HERNANDEZ, J.J., BEVEN, K.J. and DE SMEDT,F.Bayesian methodology for stochastic capture zone delineation incorporatingtransmissivity measurements and hydraulic head observationsJournal of Hydrology, 271: 156-170

FEYEN, L., RIBEIRO, P. J., DE SMEDT, F. and DIGGLE, P.J.

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Stochastic delineation of capture zones: classical versus Bayesian approachJournal of Hydrology, 281: 313-324

FOURNEAU, J., SEVERYNS, J., BATELAAN, O., DE SMEDT, F. and MEIRE, P.Ecohydrologische systeemstudie Grensmaas: deelgebied Maaswinkel

Ministerie van de Vlaamse Gemeenschap, Administratie Milieu-, Natuur-, Land- enWaterbeheer, Afdeling Natuur, 74 pp.

FOURNEAU, J., SEVERYNS, J., BATELAAN, O., DE SMEDT, F. and MEIRE, P.Ecohydrologische systeemstudie Grensmaas: deelgebied VijverbroekMinisterie van de Vlaamse Gemeenschap, Administratie Milieu-, Natuur-, Land- enWaterbeheer, Afdeling Natuur, 194 pp.

HUNG, L. Q. and BATELAAN, O.

Environmental geological remote sensing and GIS analysis of tropical karst areasin VietnamProceedings of the IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium(IGARSS), Toulouse, France, 21-25 July 2003, Volume IV, P. 2964-2966

HUNG, L. Q., BATELAAN, O. and SAN, D. N.Lineament analysis in fractured rocks, methodology and application to theSuoimuoi karst catchment Proceedings of the International Conference on Groundwater in Fractured Rocks, 15-19

September 2003, Prague, eds. Krásný, J., Hrkal, Z. and Bruthans, J.: 299-300

LIU, Y., DE SMEDT, F., HOFFMANN, L. and PFISTER, L.Parametrization using ArcView GIS in medium and large watershed modellingInternational Conference of GIS and Remote Sensing in Hydrology, Water Resourcesand Environment (ICGRHWE), September 16-19, 2003, Three Gorges Dam, China: 12pp.

LIU, Y., GEBREMESKEL, S., DE SMEDT, F., HOFFMANN, L. and PFISTER, L.

A diffusive transport approach for flow routing in GIS-based flood modelingJournal of Hydrology, 283: 91-106

SEVERYNS, J., JOCHEMS, H., VAN LOOY, K. and DE SMEDT, F. Natuurinrichting en de abiotisch-biotische samenhang in riviersystemen – deGrensmaas Water, 9,: 1-11 (in dutch)

TAM, V.T., DE SMEDT, F., BATELAAN, O. and DASSARGUES, A.

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Interpretation and analysis of aquifer tests in fractured – karstified carbonatelimestoneProceedings of the International Conference on Groundwater in Fractured Rocks, 15-19September 2003, Prague, eds Krásný, J., Hrkal, Z. and Bruthans, J.: 299-300

TAM, V.T., DE SMEDT, F., BATELAAN, O. and DASSARGUES, A.Relationship between lineaments and borehole yield in a fractured and karstifiedcarbonate limestone area in Vietnam

Accepted for Hydrogeology Journal

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TAM, V.T., DE SMEDT, F., BATELAAN, O. and DASSARGUES, A.Characterization of a cavernous conduit system by means of a time seriescorrelation, cross-spectrum and wavelet analysisSubmitted to Hydrological Sciences Journal

TAM, V.T., DE SMEDT, F., BATELAAN, O. and HUNG, L.Q.Study of cavernous underground conduits in the Nam La catchment (NorthwestVietnam) by an integrative approachSubmitted to Hydrogeology Journal

VERBEIREN, B., VAN CAMPENHOUT, A., BATELAAN, O. and DE SMEDT, F.Ontwerp van ecosysteemvisie voor de vallei van de Abeek, Deel 2: HydrologischemodelleringOnderzoeksopdracht MINA/105/00/03, Ministerie van de Vlaamse Gemeenschap,

Aminal, 103pp.

P R E S E N T A T I O N S

BATELAAN, O.Aquifers of the Scheldt basinLecture in the International Student Course RIVER21, Antwerp, 20-2-2003

BATELAAN, O.Can ecology and hydrology be integrated?Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 22-8-2003

BATELAAN, O.A methodology for mapping regional groundwater discharge dependentecosystemsWorkshop Bilateral project 00/03, Sustainable approaches to integrated management of aquatic resources in Southern Africa, Leuven 30-9-2003

CORLUY, J.Hydrological model development in the framework of the Tisza River ProjectPresentation at First Tisza River Project Workshop, Water Resources Research CentreVITUKI, Budapest, Hungary, 13-14 February 2003

CORLUY, J.Integrating vegetation mapping in groundwater modelling for ecohydrologicalpredictions

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Presentation at WetHydro Workshop, Goniadz – Biebrza National Park, Poland, 12-14September 2003

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DE SMEDT, F.Investigation of the human impact on regional groundwater systemsInt. conf. on Ecosystems and Sustainable Development, 4-6 June 2003, Siena, Italy

LIU, Y.

Parameterization using ArcView GIS in Medium and large watershed modelingInternational Conference of GIS and Remote Sensing in Hydrology, Water Resourcesand Environment, Sept. 16-19, 2003, Three Gorges Dam site, Yichang, China

LIU, Y.Application of GIS and Remote Sensing in Flood Modeling for Complex TerrainInternational Conference of GIS and Remote Sensing in Hydrology, Water Resourcesand Environment, Sept. 16-19, 2003, Three Gorges Dam site, Yichang, China

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS IN THE SERIES

"VUB-HYDROLOGY"

Nr. 3 BESLISSINGSKRITERIA IN HET WATERBEHEER door M. Meersseman en J. Mariën, 138 pp. (1979) Prijs : 7.4 Euro

Nr. 8 WATERKWALITEITSMODELLEN - WATER QUALITY MODELSsamengesteld door A. Van der Beken, 196 pp. (1981) Prijs : 7.4 Euro

Nr. 9 DETERMINISTIC SURFACE WATER HYDROLOGY by B.C. Yen, 64 pp. (1983) Prijs : 3.7 Euro

Nr. 10 EEN COMPROMIS-METHODOLOGIE TER VOORBEREIDING VAN

BELEIDSBESLISSINGEN IN HET WATERBEHEER door J. Mariën, K. De Vos, A. Fauconnier en H. Ramon, 133 pp. (1985) Prijs : 6.2 Euro

Nr. 11 WATERBEHEER EN DISPERSIE IN HET ALBERTKANAAL EN DE

KEMPENSE KANALENdoor W. Van Craenenbroeck, J. Marivoet, en P. Stas, 197 pp. (1985) Prijs : 9.9 Euro

Nr. 12 EDUCATION IN HYDROLOGYedited by A. Van der Beken, 63 pp. (1985) Prijs : 3.7 Euro

Nr. 13 HYDROLOGISCHE MODELLEN VOOR DOOI – AFVOER

SIMULATIESdoor W. Bauwens, 235 pp. (1987) Prijs : 12.4 Euro

Nr. 15 INLEIDING TOT HET GEBRUIK VAN WATERKWALITEITS-

MODELLENdoor F. De Smedt, 118 pp. (1989) Prijs : 21.3 Euro

Te bestellen bij VUBPRESS, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel Nr. 17 HYDRAULIC PRELIMINARIES FOR WATER RESOURCES

MODELING by Vijay P. Singh, 288 pp. (1988) Price : 14.9 Euro

Nr. 18 AN INTRODUCTION TO WATERSHED MANAGEMENT FOR

HYDROLOGISTS

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by C.S. Melching and C.C. Avery, 140 pp. (1988) Price : 8.7 Euro

Nr. 19 TIME SERIES ANALYSIS APPLIED TO HYDROLOGY by J. W. Delleur, 290 pp. (1991) Price : 16.1 Euro

Nr. 20 METHODOLOGY FOR CONSTRUCTING MONTHLY WATER

BALANCE MODELS ON BASIN SCALE - second edition by G. L. Vandewiele, Chong-Yu Xu and Ni-Lar-Win, 60 pp. (1993) Price : 6.2 Euro

Nr. 21 ESTIMATION OF REGIONAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION WITH AONE-LAYER RESISTANCE MODEL USING REMOTE SENSING

DATA by Zhang LU, 217 pp. (1992) Price: 13.6 Euro

Nr. 22 MONTHLY WATER BALANCE MODELS IN DIFFERENT CLIMATIC

REGIONS by Chong-Yu Xu, 222 pp. (1992) Price: 13.6 Euro

Nr. 23 GENERALIZATION AND COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE NON-

GAUSSIAN MULTICOMPONENT MODEL FOR RIVER FLOW by Zebene Eshete, 242 pp + appendices, (1992) Price: 14.9 Euro

Nr. 24 SCALE ANALYSIS IN GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY by Wouter Zijl, 328 pp, (1993) Price: 17.4 Euro

Nr. 25 GEOMORPHOLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS FOR CATCHMENT

HYDROLOGIC RESPONSE MODELLING USING A DIGITAL

ELEVATION MODEL by Yeboah Gyasi-Agyei, 228 pp, (1993) Price: 13.6 Euro

Nr. 26 GROUNDWATER MODELLING UNDER UNCERTAINTY OF THE

HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY by Gerald Ashie Akpoji, 282 pp, (1993) Price: 16.1 Euro

Nr. 27 NUMERICAL MODELLING OF GROUNDWATER FLOW SYSTEMS

BY HEXAHEDRAL FINITE ELEMENTS

by Abdelkader Larabi, 270 pp, (1994) Price: 16.1 EuroNr. 28 CONTRIBUTIONS TO RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELLING ON BASIN

SCALE by Ni-Lar-Win, 217 pp, (1994) Price: 13.6 Euro

Nr. 29 HYDROLOGY AT THE VUB 1979-1994 INCLUDING IUPHY-ALUMNI by A. Van der Beken (editor), 336 pp. (1994)

Nr. 30 STOCHASTIC PREDICTION OF SUMMER RAINFALL AMOUNTS

OVER THE NORTHEAST AFRICAN HIGHLANDS AND OVER INDIA by Y. Seleshi, 351 pp. (1995) Price: 18.6 Euro

Nr. 31 CONCEPTUAL STOCHASTIC STREAMFLOW MODELS FOR

MONTE CARLO SIMULATION AND FORECASTING by Zhong-Min Wang, 291 pp. (1996) Price 13.6 Euro

Nr. 32 MODELLING OF TOXIC POLLUTANTS TRANSPORT IN AN

ESTUARINE ENVIRONMENT by F. Mwanuzi, 211 pp. (1998) Price: 13.6 Euro

Nr. 33 CONCEPTUAL RAINFALL - RUNOFF MODELS FOR DIFFERENT

TIME STEPS by F. Moreda, 229 pp. (1999) Price: 13.6 Euro

Nr. 34 WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT OF RIVER BASINS AND

EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF COMBINED SEWER

OVERFLOWS USING AN INTEGRATED MODELLING APPROACH

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by C. Fronteau, 252 pp. + annexes. (1999) Price: 14.9 Euro

Nr. 35 A METHODOLOGY FOR AN ADAPTIVE REAL TIME CONTROL

FOR FLOOD MITIGATION BASED ON SOFT COMPUTING

TECHNIQUES

by A. Debebe, 228 pp. (1999) Price: 13.6 Euro

Nr. 36 MODELLING THREE DIMENSIONAL GROUNDWATER FLOW AND

TRANSPORT BY HEXAHEDRAL FINITE ELEMENTS by M. A. Sbai, 211 pp. (1999) Price: 13.6 Euro

Nr. 37 BAYESIAN INTERPRETATION OF THE FERMENTATION TUBE

TESTS by M. Nawalany, 122 pp (2000) Price: 16.1 Euro

Nr. 38 SENSITIVITY OF A CONTINUOUS WATER-QUALITY

SIMULATION MODEL TO UNCERTAIN MODEL-INPUT

PARAMETERS

by G. Manache, 204 pp. (2001) Price: 13.6 Euro

Nr. 39 STOCHASTIC DELINEATION OF WELL CAPTURE ZONES by L. Feyen, 234 pp. (2002) Price: 14 Euro

Nr. 40 DEVELOPMENT TOWARDS INTEGRATED WATER QUALITY

MODELLING FOR RIVER BASINS by A. Van Griensven, 236 pp. (2002) Price: 14 Euro

Nr. 41 MODELLING THE EFFECT OF CLIMATE AND LAND-USE

CHANGES ON THE HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES: An integrated

GIS and distributed modelling approach

by S. Gebremeskel Guangul, 259 pp. (2003) Price: 18 Euro

Nr. 42 HYDROGEOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE TRIFA AQUIFER, BASED

ON A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH USING

GEOSTATISTICS, GIS, AND NUMERICAL MODELLING by El Houcyne El Idrysy, 204 pp. + annexes (2003) Price: 18 Euro

Nr. 43 CHARACTERIZATION OF A KARSTIC SYSTEM BY AN

INTEGRATIVE AND MULTI-APPROACH STUDY

A case study of Suoi Muoi and Nam La catchments in Northwest Vietnam

by Vu Thanh Tam, 152 pp. (2003) Price: 16 Euro

c Dienst Uitgaven VUBWettelijk Depot 1885

To be ordered at Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, VUB, Pleinlaan2, B-1050 Brussels.fax +32-2-6293022, e-mail: [email protected] order will be followed by an invoice which must be paid prior to the dispatching of the publication.

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Ask [email protected] for a copy o f :

A REVIEW OF RECENT PAPERS

ON WATER – RELATED

EDUCATION AND TRAINING

SOME CRITICAL AND PROVOCATIVE THOUGHTS FOR DISCUSSION by J. CUNGE and A. VAN DER BEKEN

Based on 8 papers published in the UNESCO-led

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMSThe Largest On-line Encyclopedia - An Integrated Virtual Library

A source of knowledge for sustainable development and global security to lead to fulfillment of human

needs through simultaneous socioeconomic and technological progress and conservation of the

Earth's natural systems

http://www.eolss.net

Author TitleA. Van der Beken Water-related Education, Training, and Technology

Transfer

W. H. Gilbrich Water Resources Education and Training

A. Armanini Water Resources and Environmental Engineering

Problems at Undergraduate-Graduate Level

W. H. Gilbrich Continuing Education and Training (CET)

P. Gourbesville Education and Training for Decision Makers

K. P. Holz & F.

Molkenthin

Web-based Water-related Education and Training

R. M. Damian Increasing Effectiveness of Higher Education

S. Zaccolo Professional Development

This document is distributed by the European Thematic Network of Education

and Training for ENVIRONMENT-WATER (ETNET21), supported by the EC-SOCRATES Programme, with the agreement of EOLSS Publisher, Ltd. and withthe help of the Local Organising Committee of the 30th Congress of the

International Association of Hydraulic Engineering and Research (IAHR),

Thessaloniki, Greece, 24-29 August 2003.

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http://www.eolss.net/

http://www.eolss.net/




9 . M E M B E R S O F T H E L A B O R A T O R Y O N

3 1 . 1 2 . 2 0 0 3

Academic Staff Professors : W. Bauwens, F. De Smedt , J.J. Peters (part-time), A. Van der Beken (emeritius)

Scientific Staff O. Batelaan, J. Cools, J. Corluy, A. Cosemans, Y. Meyus, J. Severyns, B. Verbeiren

Administrative and Technical Staff H. De Coninck, E. Van den Storme, E. Verbeken

PhD-Students

A. Aish, A. Bahremand, L. Q. Hung, Y. Liu, C. Magori, R. J. Nurmohamed, J. Rwetabula, N. Vu Thi Minh,L. N. Thanh, S. Woldeamlak Tuccu, Y. Zeleke Sitotaw

IUP W A RE and P HY LA RE S s tuden t s , J u l y 2003

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WORLD DAY FOR WATER

22 March 2004Water and disasters

The UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (http://www.unisdr.org/)and the World Meteorological Organization (http://www.wmo.ch/index-en.html)

have been charged with coordinating events on the day.

Origin and purpose of World Day for Water

Background

The United Nations General Assembly adopted resolution A/RES/47/193 of 22 February 1993 by

which 22 March of each year would be declared World Day for Water, to be observed starting in1993, in conformity with the recommendations of the United Nations Conference on Environmentand Development contained in chapter 18 (Fresh Water Resources) of Agenda 21.States were invited to devote the Day, as appropriate in the national context, to concrete activitiessuch as the promotion of public awareness through the publication and diffusion of documentariesand the organization of conferences, round tables, seminars and expositions related to theconservation and development of water resources and the implementation of therecommendations of Agenda 21.

Objectives World Day for Water is pivotal in focusing attention on the need, amongst others, to:

∗ address the problems relating to drinking water supply

∗ increase awareness about the importance of conservation, preservation, and theprotection of water resources and drinking water supply

∗ increase governments, international agencies, non-governmental organizations, andprivate sector participation and cooperation in organization of WWD celebrations

∗ increase participation and cooperation from government, international agencies, non-

governmental

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http://www.unisdr.org/)

http://www.wmo.ch/index-en.html

http://www.wmo.ch/index-en.html

http://www.unisdr.org/)



organizations and private sector practices in the organization of WWD celebration

Strategies The following are suggested actions and activities that can be carried out at country level todevelop awareness campaigns in countries by government and their partners. The partnershipbetween governments, private sector, NGOs and professional organizations can be enhancedthrough participation and collaboration in these events: Promote mass media educational programmes Focus on school children and youth Promote community and self-help programmes Increase public and private sector support, through collaboration and participation in the

celebrations Increase awareness of decision makers

Potential Actions

The potential actions that can be carried out by related water organizations can be described asfollows:

Organization of an ‘Open Day’ during which institutions and the private sector dealingwith water issues are open to the public so all stakeholders are able to visit water supply installations, treatment plants, irrigation installations etc.

Articles detailing water issues in local newspapers, newsletters and other (governmental) periodicals

Newspaper supplements on water resources TV feature programmes on water resources

TV interviews of senior water spokespersons School competitions Distribution of brochures and posters to secondary schools Water quizzes on radio programmes Photo exhibits Water seminars and symposia Water cleaning or saving campaigns

The celebrationsThe themes of previous World Day for Water celebrations are:

2003: Water for future 2002: Water for Development2001: Water and Health 2000: Water for the 21st century1999: Everyone Lives Downstream1998: Groundwater - the Invisible Resource1997: The World’s Water: Is There Enough?1996: Water for Thirsty Cities1995: Women and Water

1994: Caring for our water resources is everyone’s business

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More can be read at

http://www.unesco.org/water/water_celebrations/

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WATER FOR LIFE:UN proclaims international water decade 2005-2015

At its 58th session, the United Nations (UN) General Assembly adopted adraft resolution proclaiming the period from 2005 to 2015 as theInternational Decade for Action, "Water for Life", starting on WorldWater Day, 22 Mar 2005. The goal of the Decade is "a greater focus onwater-related issues, with emphasis on women as managers of water [.]to help to achieve internationally agreed water-related goals", i.e.:to halve by 2015 the proportion of people who are unable to reach or afford safe drinking water and who do not have access to basic

sanitation. Coordination of activities for the Decade will be in thehands of the UN Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social

Affairs(since 1 Sep 2003, José Antonio Ocampo of Colombia). More than 20yearsago, the UN declared 1981-1990 as the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade. The aim then was to provide safe drinkingwater and adequate sanitation systems for all people by 1991.

Web address: United Nations General Assembly 58th Session,http://www.un.org/ga/58/ ; Water resources in the United Nations system,http://www.un.org/partners/civil_society/m-water.shtml

See also UN General Assembly document A/58/485, 15 Dec 2003,http://ods-dds-

ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N03/657/51/PDF/N0365751.pdf?OpenElement

Contact: UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs,mailto:[email protected];

(UN, 23 Dec 2003,http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2003/ga10224.doc.htm;

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http://www.un.org/partners/civil_society/m-water.shtml



http://ods-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N03/657/51/PDF/N0365751.pdf?OpenElement




http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2003/ga10224.doc.htm

http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2003/ga10224.doc.htm






http://www.un.org/ga/58/



UN, 9 Dec 2003,http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2003/gaef3068.doc.htm)

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http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2003/gaef3068.doc.htm

http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2003/gaef3068.doc.htm



Notes