Pune, India, 13 – 15 December 2010

ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010Beyond the Internet? - Innovations for

future networks and services

J. Carapinha, R. Bless, C. Werle, V. Dobrota, A. Rus, H. Grob-Lipski, K. Miller, H. Roessler

Quality of Service in theFuture Internet

The changing scenario of QoS

New challenges ahead:Pervasive network-based applications – ever-increasing number of applications rely on the networkMore stringent requirements – predictability, flexibility, adaptability, scalability Increasingly dynamic network environment

Challenges call for fresh approaches

Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 2

The 4WARD projecthttp://www.4ward-project.eu/

Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services

Holistic approach to shape the “Future Internet” towards a consistent design to satisfy requirements beyond 2015.

3

Innovations based on a “clean slate” design and new network paradigmsProject ran from January’08 to June’10

Evaluating the impact on QoS

Three concepts developed and studied by 4WARD are assessed from the point of view of potential impact on QoS:

Network VirtualizationGeneric Path Semantic Resource ManagementIn-Network Management

Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 4

Network Virtualization

Infrastructure providers

Substrate Node

End User Node

Virtual Node

Substrate Link Virtual Link Virtual Last Mile Link

Virtual Network Operator

Virtual Network Provider

InfrastructureProvider A

InfrastructureProvider B

InfrastructureProvider C

Business Model Deployment Scenario

Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 5

Layered QoS

QoS provided by the Substratefor isolation of different virtual networksfor creating virtual nodes and links with deterministic virtual resource capacities

QoS provided inside the Virtual Networkbased on substrate QoShomogeneous QoS solution inside possibleend-to-end QoS depends on the protocols and mechanisms inside the Virtual Network

Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 6

QoS and Network Virtualization

Network Virtualization needs QoS support in the substrate

To become an attractive solution to deploy new innovative network architectures

Atop, new innovative QoS solutions and services can be rolled out and tested But at a cost

Increased management overheadDifficult monitoring / accountabilityStandardization of interfaces, also with regard to QoS is required

Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 7

Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 8

Definition of INM

In-Network Management (INM) = embedding management intelligence in the network, enabled through decentralization, self-organization, embedding of functionality and autonomy. Self-Managing Entity (SE) = a component of a system that is self managed by objective and can autonomously perform a series of management-related tasks, e.g. self-configuration and self-healing.INM is characterized by:

SEs are envisaged to run in all network nodes.A dedicated SE implementing QoS-specific tasks is also required

Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 9

Self-Managing Entity Characteristics

Any Self-Managing Entity (SE) includes two types of communication interfaces:

The organizational interface (ORG) is used by a manager or another entity to send high level commands to a specific INM entity.

The collaboration interface (COLL) is dedicated to facilitate the communication between two management entities residing either in the same or in different nodes

Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 10

INM Cross-Layer QoS

The INM Cross-Layer is a SE entity dedicated to perform QoS related tasks:

Accesses the hardware directly, through the collaboration interface

Uses two approaches when exchanging QoS information:

Bottom-up approach: will enable collecting traffic parameters like: ATR, OWD, BER, and other information that is able to characterize a specific physical link. This is an objective way of evaluating a communication channel.

Top-down approach: will impose a specific set of commited QoS parameters to the hardware using the collaboration interface.

Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 11

INM Cross-Layer QoS interactions

HARDWARE(Physical Layer and MAC Sub-Layer)

INM CLQ INM CompositeMetric

(ATR, OWD, BER, other)

GPLocal database

COLL: committedQoSParamsCOLL: requestQoSParams

COLL: getQoSParams

ORG: committedQoSParamsORG: publishQoSObject

ORG: publishQoSObjectORG: publishCompositeMetricObject

Legend

Measurement Netlet

Publishing Netlet

Interaction between INM Cross-Layer QoS, INM Composite Metric, hardware and other managed entities

Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 12

INM Composite Metric Calculation

An immediate example of INM CLQ’s beneficiary would be the real-time composite metric calculation.

The preliminary formula used for an overall perspective of the links with the neighbors (for hop-by-hop data transport) is:

where k0 = 109 [bps], k1 = 10-5 [s] and k2 = 0 (additional tests should be performed to tune the k2 parameter).

This CM could help the management as criteria for triggering network-coding based GP activation, QoS-aware routing, etc.

Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 13

INM Cross-Layer QoS and Network Coding

QoS management element (specialized software)

-> collects information about available resources in each strategic node (i.e. a node that includes GP).

-> monitors the substrate resources between the neighboring nodes

available transfer rates

one-way delays

-> assists congestion control mechanisms to get a global perspective and to have statistics on link status

Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 14

Generic Path

New “clean slate” Internet architecturefor highly dynamic and mobile networks

between two or more end systems

leverages multiple routes, network coding, etc.

adapts transport and QoS procedures to the underlying network

Overcomes the inflexibility of the OSI model by introducing recursiveness

Generic Path architecture

Much richer class of data flows, beyond TCP, UDPState within the network, as necessary but no more than necessary Common management interfaces, to set up and tear down flows and to query their statusExplicit identification, notably to facilitate control of multi-flow applications like videoconferencingMechanisms for assured performance and efficient operation

to exploit techniques like network coding and cooperative transmissionto choose the "best" paths for the considered transport to ensure resource sharing is "fair" and meets application requirementsto manage the mobility of users, networks and information

split/balance

merge/network code

decode

joincodecooperatively

Generic path 1Generic path 2

Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 15

Generic Path Functional Architecture

Basic building blocks for IPC:Compartment

Name space+admin border

Hooks (ports)Entity=process of some form in an OS

Contains functional blocks Base class with methods for

Management

Access control / name resolution

Reporting and management

Control

Resource management

Routing and mobility support

Endpoint = process in the data planeControlled by Entity, performs

Error, flow control

Mux/demux, forwarding

Node compartment

Compartment B(e.g., LAN)

Compartment A(e.g., TCP/IP)

Endpoint

Endpoint Entity

Entity

Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 16

The generic path is the base-class of a hierarchy of objectsequipped with basic functions common to all path types All data transfer functionality is defined in derived classesError and flow control is specified in derived classes

Path instances are created using a “path factory”

Generic Path Functional Architecture

torrent

Generic Path

pt to ptpt to

multipt

multipt to

multipt

voicefile

transfer

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Advertising of Network Resource Information

Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 18

Principle: Provide GP level-specific network resource information, e.g. congestion etc.

Resource advertising starts from the bottom-most ResourceObject GP-level (real physical resources) to vertical and horizontal adjacencies.

The advertising process leads to an aggregation and/or concatenation of different and possibly heterogeneous ResourceObjects at GP-level (n-1), which results in a more abstract GP-level specific representation of the ResourceObject at GP-level(n)

Aggregation, concatenation and abstraction are supported by the network resource ontology, e.g. by metrics or conversion formula.

At run time the advertising is scalable as the process is limited to the set of end points (ep), which already carry flows.

The initialization process of the advertising functionality with resource information is performed in the network management plane during network or cloud setup.

1

node_CTA node_CTB node_CTC

ep

1

3

5 4

31

2

5

4

32

1

3

21

3

21

1

2

1

2

1

2

23

4

51

1 2

3

2

1 3

4

2

31

ResourceObject1

node_CTA node_CTB node_CTC

ep_D

ep_A

ep_B

ep_C

ep_I

ep_G

ep_H

1

ep_F

ep_J

ep_E

3

ep_K

5 4

3

1

2

5

4

32

1

3

21

3

21

1

2

1

2

1

2

23

4

51

1 2

3

2

1 3

4

2

31

ResourceObject

Resource Management based on Ontologies

Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 19

Network Resource Ontology providing the generic representation of the network resource information based on the main classes

Network Resource Parameter

Metric

ConversionFormula

Impact

Type

Aggregated

Relationship

Network ResourceParameter

ImpactRelationship

Metric

Unit

Conversion Formula

Type

AggregatedhasMetric

hasUnit

ValueMetricType

convertsTo

hasConversionFormula

hasType

hasImpact

isAggregated

hasRelationshipNetwork

ResourceParameter

ImpactRelationship

Metric

Unit

Conversion Formula

Type

AggregatedhasMetric

hasUnit

ValueMetricType

convertsTo

hasConversionFormula

hasType

hasImpact

isAggregated

hasRelationship

Resource Management based on OntologiesBenefits

Extends existing QoS and service ontologies

Bridges the network resource and service semanticsIncreases the interoperability in heterogeneous networks

provides useful conceptualizations of different technology specific network resources

Aids to aggregate different network resource types enables E2E network resource provisioning

Enables to solve mismatchesNon-functional description of network resource characteristicsDefines a machine understandable network resource vocabulary

Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 20

Conclusions

QoS will constitute a crucial requirement for the networks of the future; however, QoS challenges and respective solutions will not remain unchanged; 4WARD proposed and explored novel networking approaches for the Internet of the future, including:

Network VirtualizationIn-Network ManagementGeneric Path Semantic Resource Management

Each of these approaches brings fresh ideas and potential solutions to handle QoS, particularly taking into account requirements of dynamicity, flexibility, adaptability and scalability.

Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 21

Thank you!

Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 22

List of authors

Jorge Carapinha PT Inovação, Portugal

Roland BlessUniversität Karlsruhe (TH), Germany

Christoph Werle

Virgil Dobrota Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaAndrei Bogdan Rus

Heidrun Grob-LipskiAlcatel-Lucent, Germany

Horst Roessler

Konstantin Miller Berlin Institute of Technology, Germany

Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 23