itre chapter 4 plate tectonics notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · plate tectonics inside the restless...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Plate TectonicsInside the Restless Earth Chapter 4
6th Grade Mrs. Boguslaw
![Page 2: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Composition of Earth• Three parts, based on chemical composition
• Crust: the thin and solid outermost area of the earth above the mantle
• Mantle: the layer of rock between the Earth’s crust and core
• Core: the central part of the Earth below the mantle
![Page 3: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Crust• thinnest layer of the Earth, from 5 -100 km thick
• contains oxygen, silicon, and aluminum
• two types - continental and oceanic
• oceanic is twice as dense
![Page 5: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Mantle• much thicker than crust
• contains most of Earth’s mass
• contains more magnesium and less silicon/aluminum than the crust
• we’ve never gone there, so we have to draw conclusions from what we see on the surface
• denser than the crust
![Page 6: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Core
• about 1/3 of Earth’s mass
• Mostly made of iron, some nickel
• Almost no oxygen, silicon, aluminum, or magnesium
![Page 7: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Physical Structure of Earth• 5 physical layers
• lithosphere: solid, outer layer of the Earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle
• asthenosphere: soft layer of the mantle on which the tectonic plates move
• mesosphere: strong, lower part of the mantle between the asthenosphere and the outer core
• outer core: liquid layer
• inner core: solid, mostly made of iron
![Page 8: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Tectonic Plates
• a block of lithosphere that consists of the crust and the rigid, outermost part of the mantle
• kind of like a giant jigsaw puzzle under the Earth’s surface
![Page 12: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Continental Drift
• Continental drift: the hypothesis that states that the continents once formed a single landmass, broke up, and drifted to their present locations
• Single landmass is called Pangaea
![Page 14: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Evidence for Continental Drift
• fossils found on continents that are on different sides of the Atlantic Ocean - they couldn’t possibly have crossed it
• Similar types of rock on different continents
• Evidence of the same climactic conditions on different continents
![Page 19: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Sea-Floor Spreading
• Sea-Floor Spreading: the process by which new oceanic lithosphere forms as magma rises to the surface and solidifies
![Page 21: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Plate Tectonics
• Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large pieces of the Earth’s outermost layer move and change shape
![Page 23: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Plate Tectonics
• Tectonic Plate Boundaries: a place where tectonic plates touch
• Three types - convergent, divergent, and transform
![Page 24: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Convergent Boundary
• Convergent boundary: the boundary formed by the collision of two lithospheric plates
![Page 25: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Divergent Boundary
• Divergent boundary: the boundary between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other
![Page 27: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Transform Boundary
• Transform boundary: the boundary between two tectonic plates that are sliding past each other horizontally
![Page 29: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Deformation
• deformation: the process by which the shape of a rock changes because of stress
• compression: stress that occurs when an object is squeezed
• tension: stress that occurs when an object is stretched
![Page 34: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Folding• Folding: the bending of rock layers due to stress
• Scientists assume that all rock layers started as horizontal, so if they’re folded, deformation must have taken place
• Different types of folds depending on how they’re made - anticlines, synclines, and monoclines
![Page 35: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Anticlines• Arch up
![Page 36: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Synclines• Arch down
![Page 37: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Monocline• both ends horizontal
![Page 39: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Faulting
• Fault: a break in a body of rock along which one block slides relative to another
• Two main types of faults: normal faults and reverse faults
• Other major type: strike-slip faults
![Page 40: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Hanging Wall + Footwall
![Page 41: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Normal Fault• hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall
![Page 42: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Reverse Fault• hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall
![Page 43: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Normal or Reverse?
![Page 44: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Normal or Reverse?
![Page 45: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Normal or Reverse?
![Page 46: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Normal or Reverse?
![Page 47: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Strike-Slip Fault• Rock moves horizontally
• Example: San Andreas Fault in California
![Page 48: ItRE Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Notes (1) · 2018-09-01 · Plate Tectonics Inside the Restless Earth Chapter 4 6th Grade ... • Plate tectonics: the theory that explains how large](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f43b5bb3a39a35bf72321c7/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Uplift and Subsidence
• Two types of vertical movement in the crust
• Uplift: the rising of regions of the Earth’s crust to higher elevations
• Subsidence: the sinking of regions of the Earth’s crust to lower elevations