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Zaid Ahmad, Iqra University

IT IN BUSINESS (BBA)

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LectureObjectives

Identify the five components of a computersystem

Understand software, hardware andrelation between them

Identify operating system and applicationprogram Understand information and its processing

activities Differentiate between single user and

multiuser systems

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ComputerSystem

Computer system

Hardware

Programs

Information

Procedures

People

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Hardware

Carriesouttheactivitiesofcomputing,storingorcommunicationdatadividedintofourcategories

Inputdevices

Processors Outputdevices

Storagedevicespreferablysecondarystoragedevices

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HardwareInputDevices

Keyboards:lettersofalphabetsandsymbols,alphabeticandnumerickeys

Point-of-saleTerminals:numericdata-padand

specialpurposekeyslikesale,refundetc. Mouse:pointsatcommandsonthescreen

Imagescanners:lightilluminatesinformationhardcopyandreadintothecomputer,inputsdesigns,chartsandgraphs

Barcodescannersandwands:scanningofbarcodeinformation

Microphones:audioinputs

Pre-recordedsources:audio/videocassettes,CDsetc.

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HardwareInputDevices(2)

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HardwaretheProcessor

CentralProcessingUnitorCPUs:Asetofelectroniccircuitsthatperformthecomputersprocessingactions

Microprocessor:Thesmallesttypeofprocessor,withalltypesoftheprocessingcapabilitiesonasinglechip

ArithmeticLogicUnitorALU

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HardwaretheProcessor(2)

MotherboardorSystem-board:thesystemunitinamicrocomputer,locatedonaboardmountedonthebottomofacomputerbase.

MainMemory:Primarystorageormainmemory;storagewithinthecomputeritself;holdsdatatemporarily,whilethecomputerexecutesinstructions

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HardwareOutputDevices

Devicesforresultofenteringandprocessingdataandinformation

Informationusefulforhumanuser

Commandsforinputofotherdevices

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HardwareOutputDevices(2)

Controlprinter

Directdisplay

Controlanotherdevice

Genericsounds Initiatetransmissionofinformation

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HardwareStorageDevices

Preferablynamesassecondarystoragedevices;externaltothecomputerbutreadbyit

Disketteslikefloppydisks

HardDisks OpticalDisklikeCDROMdisks

Magnetictapes

Flashdrives

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HardwarePeripheral

Equipment

Anydeviceattachedtocomputerphysicallyorwirelessly

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Software

Setofinstructionstocontrolacomputeroranetwork

Systemsoftware:OperatingSystemandUtilities

Applicationsoftware:Aprogramforaspecificuse;wordprocessorandspreadsheetapplications

Operatingsystem:acombinationofprogramsthatcoordinatestheactionsofcomputerincludingitsperipheraldevicesandmemory;CLIandGUI

DOSandWindows Programs:in-chargeofhardware;aspecific

sequenceofinstructionstodirectcomputertoperformcertaintasksandproducecertainresults;protocols

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SoftwareSoftwarePackages

Anapplicationmeantforsaletobusinessesandgeneralpublic;MSWord

SpreadsheetPackages:rowsandcolumnsfor

dataorinformation;cells Word-processorPackages:enter,edit,move,

storeandprinttextualinformationlikeMSExcel

DesktopPublishers:combinationoftextandimagehandlinglikeMSPublisher

Graphics:descriptionsofdatawithtrends,tracks,performancelevels,categoriescomparisonsforexampleMSProject

IllustrationPrograms:drawimages,createspecialeffects,andtranslateideasintovisualformslike

AdobeIllustrator

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SoftwareSoftwarePackages

DatabaseManagement:records,fields,attributes,objects,filesetc.e.g.MSAccess

CommunicationPrograms:interactionsbetween

thecomputers InformationSystemProgramsorMISs:designed

toproducetheinformationneededforsuccessfulmanagementofastructuredproblem,process,departmentofbusiness;e.g.payrolland

productionmanagement

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Information

Organized,meaningfulandusefulinterpretationofdata

Text

Sound

Images Videos

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People

UsersandITProfessionals

Users:hands-on,indirect,usermanagers,seniormanagers

ITProfessionals:Programmers,Systemanalysts,systemdesigners,projectmanagers,networkspecialists,trainers,computeroperators,computerengineers,systemengineers

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Procedures

Step-by-stepprocessforaccomplishingspecific

results

Operationsprocedures:howacomputersystemorapplicationisused,howoftenitcanbeused,whois

authorizedtouseit,wheretheresultsofprocessingshouldgo

BackupandRecoveryProcedures:howandwhentomakeextracopiesofinformationorsoftwaretoprotectlosses;whentorestorethebackup

SecurityProcedures:safeguarddatacenter,communicationnetwork,computerandotherITequipmentfromaccidentalorintentionalintrusionordamage

DevelopmentProcedures:howITprofessionalsshoulddescribeuserneedsanddevelopapplicationstomeet

thoseneeds

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IntroductiontoSystems

Personal/Single-userSystems:standsalone,meaningitisnotinterconnectedwithothercomputersorsharedbyotherpeople

Sharedbymorethanoneuser