itc india pilot survey maansi bansal-travers, ph.d. department of health behavior roswell park...
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ITC India Pilot Survey
Maansi Bansal-Travers, Ph.D.Department of Health BehaviorRoswell Park Cancer Institute
ITC-TTURC Project Annual MeetingPortland, Oregon—March 1, 2008
India: Demographics
Population Over 1.1 BillionAdults (>15 years) 67.9%Urban 29.0%Growth rate 1.7%
Income Group LowIncome per capita (Intl $) $3,460Extreme Poverty Rate 34.7%Literacy Rate 61.0%
India: Prevalence
Males 17.3% Females 9.7% Overall 14.1%
Youth Prevalence (2006 GYTS national sample, 13-15 years)
Males 32.7% Females 1.4%
Overalldata not available
Adult Prevalence (current cigarette use, 2005)
India: Tobacco Industry
Cigarette Production 90 BillionCigarette Imports 200 MillionCigarette Exports 1.5 Billion
Tobacco Industry(From Tobacco Atlas, 2006)
India: FCTC Status
Signed 10 Sept 2003 Ratified 5 Feb 2004
FCTC Status
India: FCTC—Price and Taxation
In National Currency 68.00 INRUSD $1.50
In International $ $7.04Affordability of most popular brand: % of annual per capita
income required to buy 100 packs
20%
Taxes~57% of
retail price
Cigarette Price of most popular brand
India: FCTC—Non-Price Measures
Advertising/Promotion Bans
Fairly comprehensive except for point of sale
Enforcement Rating 7/10
Warning Labels FCTC min50% of principal display areaPictorial warning implementation delayed
Smoke-Free YesExcept restaurantsEnforcement Rating 2/10
ITC India Pilot Survey
• Conducted in Maharashtra (n=337) and Bihar (n=427)
• Each area was broken down into Urban and Rural geographic regions
• Survey instrument was translated into Hindi, Marathi, and a few other languages
Demographics
n %
Mean Age=42
Sex
Male 460 60%
Female 304 40%
Region
Urban 282 37%
Rural 482 63%
Overall Health
Poor 4 1%
Less poor 15 2%
Good 92 12%
Very good 316 41%
Excellent 333 44%
n %
Education level
Illiterate 291 38%
Primary 106 14%
Middle 128 17%
Secondary 128 17%
College 97 13%
Above 11 1%
Tobacco Use
Smoker 249 33%
Smokeless 248 32%
Non-tobacco user 267 35%
Health concerns
• Do you think smokeless tobacco use is good for your health?– Good: 61 (8%)– Neither good nor bad: 78 (10%)– Not good: 616 (81%)
• Do you think smoking is good for your health?– Good: 61 (8%)– Neither good nor bad: 48 (6%)– Not good 649 (85%)
• To what extent, if at all, has smoking damaged your health?– Not at all: 251 (51%)– A little: 168 (34%)– Very much: 11 (2%)– Don’t know: 60 (12%)
Health concerns
• [Among smokers] In the last month, have you butted out a cigarette or bidi before you finished it because you thought about the harm of smoking?– Yes: 41 (16%)– No: 195 (78%)
• If you had to do it over again, you would not have started using tobacco.– Agree: 213 (43%)– Neither agree nor disagree: 23 (5%)– Disagree: 186 (37%)
• Have you ever tried to stop smoking?– Yes: 139 (28%)– No: 357 (72%)
Beliefs about health effects and SLT
% Yes
Mouth cancer 74%
Gum disease 60%
Difficult to open mouth 49%
Beliefs about health effects and smoking
% Yes
Stroke 25%
Impotence 26%
Lung cancer 70%
Mouth cancer 44%
Stained teeth 44%
Premature aging 68%
Lung cancer in nonsmokers from SHS
45%
Coronary heart disease 26%
Cigarettes vs. Bidis
• Compared to smoking cigarettes, do you think bidis are less harmful, more harmful, or no different for health?– Bidis less harmful: 17%– Bidis more harmful: 22%– No difference: 47%– DK: 14%
Cigarettes vs. SLT
• Compared to smoking cigarettes, do you think smokeless tobacco products are less harmful, more harmful, or no different for health?– SLT less harmful: 23%– SLT more harmful: 15%– No difference: 48%– DK: 14%
Bidis vs. SLT
• Compared to smoking bidis, do you think smokeless tobacco products are less harmful, more harmful, or no different for health?– SLT less harmful: 21%– SLT more harmful: 17%– No difference: 48%– DK: 14%
Health Warnings
• As far as you know, do cigarette packages in India have health warning on cigarette packages?– Yes: 326 (43%)– No: 340 (45%)– Don’t know: 94 (12%)