italian committee of united cities ( c icu)

Italian Committee of United Cities (CICU)

PHARE - twinning Project SK02/IB/EN01

Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute

Dr. G. CrivellaroDr. G. Crivellaro

Piedmont Environmental Protection AgencyPiedmont Environmental Protection Agency

The monitoring of the quality of the surface and groundwaters represents the essential strategic and technical support for the identification of problems and for the planning of the actions to protect and improve the resource and environmental compartments that depend on it. Furthermore, monitoring is a fundamental tool to verify the effi ciency of improvement measures.




Meaningful

Pressures

Meaningful

Pressures

Surveillance

Monitoring

Surveillance

Monitoring

Operational

Monitoring

Operational

Monitoring

Comparison with

Environmental Quality

Standards EQS

Comparison with

Environmental Quality

Standards EQS

Programme of Measures

Programme of Measures

- 2004 - - 2006 - - 2009 -

Analysis of the resultsAnalysis of the results

Assessement of the impactsAssessement of the impacts




The implementation of the surveillance monitoring for dangerous substances has to foresee an adjustment of the existing protocols on the basis of the detected priority dangerous substances, keeping in mind the

data regarding production, sales and use data on environmental behaviour already existing data on the presence of

these substances. The adjustments of the analytical protocols have also to consider the localization of point and diff use sources.

Monitoring of Dangerous Monitoring of Dangerous SubstancesSubstances




The monitoring of the dangerous substances should, however, be carried out in the closing (lowermost) station of every hydrographic basin and in the points where flow rate data are available that allow a final evaluation of the loads.

Monitoring of Dangerous Monitoring of Dangerous SubstancesSubstances




The list of the priority substances and the relevant analytical protocols must periodically be reviewed on the basis of updated data about production, sales or use and on the basis of previous monitoring results.

I n some specific situations and taking into account economic and methodological considerations, the surveillance monitoring has to be complemented with two other monitoring types: operational monitoring investigative monitoring as it is detailed in Annex V of the Water Framework Directive (2000/ 60/ EC)

Monitoring of Dangerous SubstancesMonitoring of Dangerous Substances




Identification of the priority substances coming from point and diffuse sources

Localization of pressures for every hydrographic (surface waters) and hydrogeological basin (underground waters)

Comparison among the spacial data and the actual data coming from monitoring

Adjustment of the analytical protocols

Planning of the surveillance monitoring

Evaluation of the compliance with EQSs

Preparation of plans of reduction of the dangerous substances

Monitoring of Dangerous Monitoring of Dangerous SubstancesSubstancesOperative

sequence




„UNIVERSE OF CHEMICALS“: 652 SUBSTANCES(307 chemicals and 345 pesticides)

RELEVANT TO SLOVAK REPUBLIC: 61RELEVANT TO SLOVAK REPUBLIC: 61(12 pesticides, 20 chemicals with no point source assessed, 29 (12 pesticides, 20 chemicals with no point source assessed, 29 chemicals with known point releases)chemicals with known point releases)

INDUSTRIAL SITES INVOLVED: 80(95 if including 4-metyl-2,6-di-terc.-butylfenol)

„UNIVERSE OF CHEMICALS“: 652 SUBSTANCES(307 chemicals and 345 pesticides)

RELEVANT TO SLOVAK REPUBLIC: 61RELEVANT TO SLOVAK REPUBLIC: 61(12 pesticides, 20 chemicals with no point source assessed, 29 (12 pesticides, 20 chemicals with no point source assessed, 29 chemicals with known point releases)chemicals with known point releases)

INDUSTRIAL SITES INVOLVED: 80(95 if including 4-metyl-2,6-di-terc.-butylfenol)

Identification of the priority substances Identification of the priority substances

coming from point and diffuse sourcescoming from point and diffuse sources




Localization of pressures in a hydrographic basinLocalization of pressures in a hydrographic basin

Point sources of pollutionPoint sources of pollution

Identification of industries and services with discharges that potentially contain dangerous substances

Identification of discharge volume and typology of potential dangerous substances

Ratio: Sum of Flow Rates of the Discharges Qds / River Flow Rate Qdr. Verification of ratio Qds / Qr for every point of monitoring

Sb1Sb1Sb1Sb1Sb2Sb2Sb2Sb2

Sb3Sb3Sb3Sb3

Monitoring station

Industrial plant or urban waste water treatment plant




Localization of pressures in a hydrographic Localization of pressures in a hydrographic basinbasin

Point sources of pollution

Identification of companies firms / services that potentially discharge specific dangerous substance

Identification of the discharge volume

Sum of the discharges’ flow rate Qds / river flow rate Qr.

Verification of the relationship Qsp /Qr for every point of monitoring

Sb1Sb1Sb1Sb1Sb2Sb2Sb2Sb2

Sb3Sb3Sb3Sb3

Like the previous procedure but considering only the discharges that contain a specific dangerous substance

Like the previous procedure but considering only the discharges that contain a specific dangerous substance

Qsp/Qr Qsp/Qr

Qsp/Qr Qsp/Qr

Monitoring stationIndustrial plant or urban waste water treatment plant




Q discharges / Q Q discharges / Q riverriverQ discharges / Q Q discharges / Q riverriver

Q discharges of subst.A / Q riverQ discharges of subst.A / Q riverQ discharges of subst.A / Q riverQ discharges of subst.A / Q river

… it is possible to establish in which stations in the river basin the monitoring protocols can be implemented and which substances have to be analysed.

Localization of pressures from point Localization of pressures from point immissions into surface watersimmissions into surface waters

When for every monitoring site the relationships are available :





Diffuse sources of pollutionDiffuse sources of pollutionSb1Sb1Sb1Sb1

Sb2Sb2Sb2Sb2

Determination of the percentage of the sub-basin areas with use of pesticides (ex Corine Land Cover data)

Determination of relationship S pest /S sb for every monitoring point

Determination of relationship S pest / S sb for every monitoring point

Agricultural area with use of pesticides

Agricultural area with use of pesticides

S. pest /S Sb2S. pest /S Sb2 Determination of risk criteria

Monitoring station




Diffuse sources of pollutionDiffuse sources of pollution

When for every monitoring site the relationships are available

S pest /S sub-basinS pest /S sub-basin

... it is possible to establish in which stations in the hydrographic basin the monitoring protocols can be implemented taking into account the prevailing cultivation types and the sales’ data of pesticides.





Point immissions into Point immissions into groundwatersgroundwaters

The activities that utilize or that have used dangerous substances in their productive cycle (contaminated sites) and whose discharges can interact with the aquifers must be identified and located. In suitable monitoring points the potentially relevant dangerous substances should be included in the analytical protocol.




Localization of pressures in a Localization of pressures in a hydrogeological basinhydrogeological basin

Localization of pressures in a hydrogeological Localization of pressures in a hydrogeological basinbasin

Diffuse immissions into groundwatersDiffuse immissions into groundwaters

Identification of flow direction of the aquifer Determination of the agricultural areas with use of pesticides. Integration of the above data to choose suitable monitoring points for the aquifer.

Agricultural area

Flow direction in aquiferFlow direction in aquifer

Monitoring station

Flow direction in aquiferFlow direction in aquifer




Comparison between the territorial Comparison between the territorial data and the data coming from the data and the data coming from the

monitoringmonitoring

Evaluation of coherence between the detected pressures and the data coming from the monitoring Evaluation of the need to adjust the specific monitoring (for a site or an area)




Adjustment of the analytical protocolsAdjustment of the analytical protocols

The• comparison between the potential pressures and the data coming from the monitoring• knowlegde of the environmental behavior of individual substancesallows to adjust the analytical protocols in every site of sampling site.

The following points should be kept in mind as well: • the availability of appropriate analytical methods • an economic evaluation of procedures and available testing methods




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