italian activities in the arctic region: atmosphere and processes at

Cooperation Strategy in Polar Regions, ITALY – KOREA workshop, Incheon, 6-8 September, 2011Canada-Italy: Arctic Science e technology collaboration workshop, Ottawa, October 22, Canada 1

Italian activities in the Arctic region: atmosphere and processes

at the interfaces

Vito Vitale on behalf of the research community (see list)

CNR – Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC)

� Atmospheric Physics � Permafrost and terrestrial ecosystems

� Marine oceangraphy and biology

Cooperation Strategy in Polar Regions, ITALY – KOREA workshop, Incheon, 6-8 September, 2011Canada-Italy: Arctic Science e technology collaboration workshop, Ottawa, October 22, Canada

Italian Monitoring activities in the Arctic

Agencies: CNR, ENEA, INGV, INAFUniversities: Florence, Venice, Insubria, Perugia, ...

Thule

Ny Alesund


Research Overview:��Permanent Arctic station Permanent Arctic station DirigibileDirigibile ItaliaItalia at NYAat NYA (since 1997).

Atmospheric PhysicsAtmospheric Physics:�radiation and energy budget�ABL dynamics �aerosols and clouds�albedo, surface spectral reflectance�air-snow exchange processes �processes in the stratosphere (with special focus on ozone) �Pollution (with a special focus on mercury)�Paleoclimate

��Terrestrial EcosystemsTerrestrial Ecosystems (permafrost, resilience to climatechange, microbial communities, CO2 and CH4 fluxes)

��Marine and seaMarine and sea --air interface processes (air interface processes ( Kongsfjord system, Oceanography, Climate change on marine circulation and C cycle))

��InvolvmentInvolvment in SIOS ESFRI initiative and POLARin SIOS ESFRI initiative and POLAR --AOD NetworkAOD Network

Technological Interests/Expertise:Renewable energy: Renewable energy: solar, wind, biomasssolar, wind, biomass

Marine Sciences: Marine Sciences: real time physical and biogeochemical data, real time physical and biogeochemical data, USV, ROV, seaUSV, ROV, sea--air interface measurementsair interface measurements

Climate Change Tower (CCT)

Gruvebadet LAB

Seabed Mapping

www.dta.cnr.it/http://www.gmos.eu/arctic.sp.ismar.cnr.it/enwww.isac.cnr.it/~radiclim/CCTower/

MITIGATE MITIGATE thethe ionosphericionospheric effects on effects on GNSSGNSS(GPS,GALILEO..) high precision positioning and navi gation(GPS,GALILEO..) high precision positioning and navi gation

IT-CA partnerships Main Projects :

TRANSMIT – FP7 people (w3.transmit ionosphere.net)

GRAPE - SCAR (w3.grape.scar.org)

Canad

a - CHAIN

Canad

a - CHAIN

INGV + partners

INGV + partners

Canadian Counterpart :

� University of New Brunswick-CHAIN (Canadian High Arctic

Ionospheric Network)

� Natural Resources Canada-Geomagnetic Lab

� NOVATEL


Research Overview:Monitoring activities at Thule Monitoring activities at Thule (since 1989)��Atmospheric PhysicsAtmospheric Physics : surface radiation budget,

aerosol properties and radiative effects, stratospheric ozone,stratospheric dynamics and Chemistry, Arctic climate.

Part of the NDACC global NetworkPart of the NDACC global NetworkCooperation with DMI, SUNY, UNICooperation with DMI, SUNY, UNI --Rome, INGV, UNIRome, INGV, UNI --FlorenceFlorence

Instruments:

Measured parameters:Aerosol/cloud vertical profilesTemperature profiles (25-70 km)Stratospheric/mesospheric profiles of O3, N2O, CO, HNO3Solar and infrared irradianceAerosol mass and chemical compositionMost data available through the NDACC database Most data available through the NDACC database (http://www.ndsc.ncep.noaa.gov)

Aerosol/temperature Aerosol/temperature lidarlidar (aerosol/clouds trop. and strat. vertical profiles, temperature profiles in middle atmosphere)SolarSolar /IR /IR radiometersradiometersMmMm--wave spectrometerwave spectrometer (stratospheric and mesospheric chemical composition)ChemicalChemical samplerssamplers

NDACC Lidar

PM10 sampler

air pollution

planetary boundary layer

meteorology

radiation clouds

aerosols

humidityther

mal

ra

diat

ion

indire

ct ef

fects

direct effects

changein

circulation ?

coup

ling

with

sur

face

meteorology

radiation clouds

aerosols

humidity

ther

mal

ra

diat

ion

indire

ct ef

fects

direct effects

changein

circulation ?

collect all met data turbolence, fluxesd

aerosolclosure experiments

spec

tra l

op t

ical

ch

arac

teris

tics,

m

o rph

olog

y

meteorology

radiation clouds

aerosols indire

ct ef

fects

direct effects

changein

circulation ?

large scale modelling

humidityther

mal

ra

diat

ion

proce

ssm

odellin

gradiative transfer modelling


Amundsen-Nobile Climate Change Tower

http://www.isac.cnr.it/~radiclim/CCTower/

SMACS – Snow Monitoring using Automatic Camera Systems at Svalbard key sites

Installation of a snow cam on the CCT and of 30 snow stakes within the CALM grid to estimate the snow spatial variability


Merging ground-based measurements and remote sensed imagery to monitor spatial and spectral variability of snow cover

• Field Spectral reflectance measurements, carried out in polar and mountainous regions (Ny Ålesund, Terra Nova Bay , Dolomites), allowed to define the correlation between radiometric data and snow physical proprieties .

• Satellite images were accordingly processed to derive snow types distribution maps

• Webcam images and snow gauges data were used to perform a spatial analysis of the snow cover seasonal distribution

A further data integration has been carried out during 2014 meltseason with a new experimental set-up (spectroradiometer coupled with a webcam), installed at the CCTower at Ny Ålesund

spectroradiometer

webcam

Relationship between SSA and reflectance

calculated for TM bands 5 and 7. On the left the

resulting snow cover classification

Snow cover percentage calculated on the image of Cima Pradazzo (Italy)

and snow height measured by the snow gauge (2009 ablation period).

R.S

alva

tori

& R

.Sal

zan

oC

NR

-IIA


Gruvebadet aerosol Laboratory


Gruvebadet aerosol Laboratory

Chemical markers of environmental response to climate changes and

anthropogenic impact

Characterization, transport processes and transformation mechanisms of

chemical species associated with the aerosol in the Arctic region.

Large space to host instruments and field campaigns

Aerosol sampling

I. Daily Low Volume PM10 sampling

II. Aerosol collection in 4 size fraction

III. Aerosol collection in 12 size fraction

IV. High Volume PM10 sampling for Metals determination

V. Low Volume PM10 sampling for EC/OC determination

VI. High Volume PM10 sampling for organic compounds

analysis

VII.Two Particles counters (APS - SMPS)

VIII.Nephelometer (removed in 2012)

IX. PSAP (3 wavelengths)


AOD hourly values (raw calibration onsite)

SignalsSignals

NILU trackerMoon PFR

Aerosol AOD during polar night: moon photometry


Interaction, coupling processes with land and sea

Relationships between biosphere,

cryosphere and Climate Change

Disentangle the components of the

Carbon cycle in tundra ecosystem:

effect of permafrost degradation

Deployment of 4 moorings

in collaboration with UiT,

Univ. Barcelona, CEFREM-

CNRSNEE 2013

Mean ±DS ±1,96*DS Carex

CassiopeDryas

SalixSaxi.opp

-0,6

-0,4

-0,2

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0


Other topics for cooperation (start/reinforce)

� Mercury ( active cooperation yet in GMOS )

� Mesospheric and Ionospheric phenomena

� Solid Precipitation

� Ozone and Ultraviolet radiation

� standards, calibration, measurements traceability

� ............


Other topics for cooperation (start/reinforce)

� Mercury ( active cooperation yet in GMOS )

� Mesospheric and Ionospheric phenomena

� Solid Precipitation

� Ozone and Ultraviolet radiation

� standards, calibration, measurements traceability

� ............Concrete actions to promote cooperation � compare and integrate meas. and historical records at different stations (Eureka, Ny Alesund, Thule, Cambridge Bay, ..) to investigate relevant topics, identify changes, evaluate trends, gain regional and pan-arctic perspective

� together upgrade and better harmonize meas. at diffe rent stations to optimize analysis work and secure joint activities in a log term perspectives

� promote new activities through workshops (e.g. luna r photometry)

� work together to grow a new generation of polar res earchers


Aerosol profiles in the ABL (concentration, optical/chemical characteristics)

possibility of joint campaigns,

increase payload and research topics.

OPCNephelometerBCAerosol sampling (SEM)ozone

ITALIAN ARCTIC DATA CENTER

MAIN NODE

CLIMATE

CHANGE

TOWER

DIRIGILE

ITALIA

BROKERED

CATALOGS

SOS service allows real-time updates

on data and metadata directly from

remote sensors.

ARCTIC NODE

MOORING


Grazie per la vostra attenzioneThank you for your attention

Merci pour votre attention

italian activities in the arctic region: atmosphere and processes at

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