Istanbul, Turkey

Water for bioenergy and/or food?

March 19, 2009

Antônio Félix Domingues

General-Coordinator/ANA

Availability of Water in Brazil

Specific Flow

BRAZIL – 21.0 L/s/km²BRAZIL – 21.0 L/s/km²

Brazilian water production without foreign contributions: 182,170m3/s

Land use in Brazil Total Area = 851 million hectares

Not Arable:- Towns, rivers and lakes- Areas not suitable for crops - Preserved areas (forests, Indian reservations, etc.) Source: MAPA and IBGE. Development MME.

Production: Energy AND Food

Permanent and annual cropsPasture areas

Poor quality pasture

502.2 M ha

59%

70.3 M ha

8,3%

4.2 M ha (0,5%)

2.2 M ha (0,3%)

99.8 M ha

(11,7%)

172.3 M ha

20,2%

Composition of the Brazilian Energy Matrix

Source: Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supplies, National Agroenergy Plan 2006-2011 (2nd Edition revised)

Source World (%) Brazil (%)

Petroleum 35.3 43.1

Coal 23.2 6.0

Natural Gas 21.1 7.5

Traditional Biomass 9.5 8.5

Nuclear 6.5 1.8

Hydropower 2.2 14.0

Modern Biomass 1.7 23.0

Other renewable sources 0.5 0.1

Hydroelectric power accounts for more than 90% of the total electric energy

produced in Brazil

HYDROPOWER

Federative Republic

8.5 million km2

180 million inhabitants

26 States

1 Federal District

5.561 Municipalities

5 Geopolitical Regions

Country with a vast diversity

(*) CENSUS 2000 - IBGE

BRAZIL

North

Hydro-electric Potential: 111,4GW Northeast*

Eolic Energy

Potential: 75 GW

South *

Eolic Energy

Potential: 22.8 GW

Southeast & Mid-West **

Bioelectricity

Potential: 24 GW

** According to the National Energy Plan 2030 (PNEW2030), of the MME, pg 148, the sugar cane bagasse and straw potential for generation of electric energy reaches 140 TWh yearly, an amount equivalent to a 32 GW installed capacity (utilization factor of 50%). Considering that 75% of this amount is located in the Southeast/Mid-West Regions, a total of 24 GW is accrued.

* “Atlas do Potencial Eólico Brasileiro”, Solar and Eolic Energy Reference Center

Brazil/ Renewable Energy

Relative participation of the biofuels in the total primaryoffer of energy (in %)

Countries + 5 22.2 21.6 21.4 . 21.3 21.3 21.2 21.4 20.6 19.2 17.4 16.9Source: GBEP (2007)

Country 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Canada 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.6

France 4.4 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.6

Germany 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.4 3.1

Italy 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.6 1.6

Japan 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

Russia 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5

United Kingdom 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.2

United States 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.8

G8 Countries 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3

Brazil 26.6 25.0 23.9 23.7 24.1 23.1 23.3 24.3 26.0 26.5 29.8

China 19.6 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.4 19.4 19.6 18.2 16.2 14.0

India 36.1 35.3 34.3 33.9 32.5 32.4 32.3 31.9 31.5 30.0 29.4

Mexico 5.9 5.7 5.7 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.0 4.9 4.7

South Africa 10.9 11.0 11.1 11.1 11.3 11.4 11.8 12.4 11.1 10.2 10.7

29,8

13 29,4

10,7

Sugar-cane’s technological frontierSource: Unica (2007)

Fuel ethanol and biodiesel production is highly concentrated

The World Bank (2008). Agriculture for Development. The World Development Report 208. 365p

Grains: Cotton, peanuts, rice, beans, sunflower seeds, corn, soy beans, wheat

Sugar-cane: to produce ethanol and sugar Source: IBGE (2009)

Evolução da área de plantio

0

10.000.000

20.000.000

30.000.000

40.000.000

50.000.000

60.000.000

19

90

19

91

19

92

19

93

19

94

19

95

19

96

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

Área (ha)

Grains Sugar-Cane

Area (ha)Evolution of the cropping areas

Brazil: agriculture vs. pastures

Source: IBGE (2008)

Pasture areas and total bovine headcount in the state of SP

Source: Amaral (2007)

NATIONAL HYDROGRAPHIC BASINS NATIONAL HYDROGRAPHIC BASINS COMMITTEESCOMMITTEES

State Committees

National Committees

Water use in the sugar and alcohol sector (Brazil)

1997 2007 2020

Sugar-cane production (million ton/year) 330 550 1000

Planted area (million hectares) 4.8 7.0 13.9

Industrial water (m3 per ton of sugar-cane) 5.0 1.8 1.0

Industrial water (m3/s) 53.7 32.0 34.2

Crop water (m3/s)(3 months x 60mm/month) x (13.9 – 7.0) x 106 ha 388,9

Total water – crops and industry (m3/s) 53.7 32.0 423,1

Source: Embrapa (2008). Savanas. Desafios e estratégias para o equilíbrio entre a sociedade, agronegócio e recursos naturais.

Sanitation Coverage in Latin America - 1998

Disposal of nitrogenouswastes (in situ) 37%Sewerage network (600 m3/s) 63%

Residuary water actually treated 14%(With adequate treatment) (6%)

86%86%Without Without treatmenttreatment(516 m(516 m33/s)/s)

Rivers Rivers and and seasseas

OPAS, 2001CEPIS/OPASCEPIS/OPAS

Spool self-propelled unit irrigating with effluent from stabilization pond

Deployment of effluents by means

of a Central Pivot System

Treatment of human wastes by irrigation is a reality in the USA at a competitive cost against the

STS’s (Sewerage Treatment Station)

References http://www.agricultura.gov.br/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/MAPA/PLANOS/PNA_2006_2011/PLANO%20NACIONAL%20DE%20AGROENERGIA%202006%20-%202011-%20PORTUGUES.PDF

http://www.cresesb.cepel.br/index.php?link=http%3A//www.cresesb.cepel.br/publicacoes/atlas_eolico_Brazil/atlas-web.htm

http://publications.worldbank.org/ecommerce/catalog/product?item_id=6966252

http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br/bda/acervo/acervo2.asp?e=v&p=PA&z=t&o=11

http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/presidencia/noticias/noticia_visualiza.php?id_noticia=207

http://www.unica.com.br/search.asp Relatório de Sustentabilidade 2008

Source: Embrapa (2008). Savanas: Desafios e estratégias para o equilíbrio entre a sociedade, agronegócio e recursos naturais.

Sugar-cane bioethanol: energy for sustainable development/organized by BNDES and CGEE- Rio de Janeiro: BNDES year XVII, nº 2/ April/May/June, 2008

felix@ana.gov.br

(55) 61 21095212

Çok tesekkür ederim

Thank you!