istanbul metropolitan municipality content o turkey and istanbul o imm and istac o overview of solid...

ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY

CONTENT

o Turkey and Istanbul

o IMM and Istac

o Overview of Solid Waste Management

o Facilities and Activities

o Projects


TURKEY

o Being located at the crossroads of

Asia, Europe and Africa, makes Turkey

one of the most geopolitically strategic

countries of the world.

o Turkey is linked to the oceans

through the Black Sea, the Aegean and

the Mediterranean seas. The Black Sea

opens up to the world through the

Bosphorus, the Dardanelles and the

Marmara Sea.


TURKEY

Turkey is a member of a variety of international organizations such as the ;

United Nations,

Council of Europe,

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO),

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe,

World Trade Organization (WTO),

Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC),

Black Sea Economic Cooperation Organization

and it is also continuing accession negotiations for full EU membership.


ISTANBUL

o Istanbul is one of the biggest cities in the world

with 12 million population and 5.400 km2 area.

o Istanbul is the only metropolis which is like a bridge

between two continents.

o 32 district municipalities, 41 sub-district

municipalities and 171 village are serviced. According

to new regulations, there will be 39 district

municipalities in Istanbul.

o It has 4.600 km main road and 450 km coastline.


ISTANBULHistory

o Istanbul is the one of the oldest city in the world and it was the capital city of Rome

Empire between 330-395, Byzantium Empire between 395-1204 and 1261-1453, Latin

Empire between 1204-1261 and lastly Ottoman Empire between 1453-1922.

o The city that begins to have a new structure with the promulgation of Rebuplic in 1923 is

now one of the numbered commercial and culture capitals of the world.



o IMM works for making Istanbul a leader, high quality of life city, by claiming the unique

heritage of Istanbul that is the apparent face of Turkey and the window that is opened to the

world.

o ISTAC Co., Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Environmental Protection and Waste

Material Recycling Production and Trade Co., is one of the economic enterprises of Istanbul

Metropolitan Municipality.

o As the name denotes, ISTAC Co. within the scope of Solid Waste Project of Istanbul

Metropolitan Municipality, provides services for production of compost, recycling, land

filling, biogas to energy generation, medical waste management and incineration,

cleanliness of sea, seaside and main roads.

ISTAC Co.


ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY Main Tasks of the Organizations of IMM

Main Tasks of the Organizations

Department of Environment Protection and Control Responsible for Management of Directorates

Directorate of Environment Protection

Control of Construction Waste Control of Excavated Waste Control of Noise Pollution Control of Industrial Emission Management of Hazardous Waste

Directorate of Waste Management

Control of Domestic Waste Control of Landfill Areas Control of Composting Plants Control of Medical Waste

Directorate of Sea Services Control of Water Course

Directorate of Park and Gardens

Control of Public Gardens Control of Sidewalks Control of Childerens’ Playground Control of Supplying the Equipments for Public Green

Areas

Directorate of Cemeteries Control of Exequies


Overview of Solid Waste ManagementGeneral Position of Turkey

o As a result of urbanization more urban solid waste production that has to be managed.

o To release the wastes to receiving media unregisteredly is a problem during the period of urbanization.

o On the other hand, municipalities carry out the services with a limited capacity and possibilities during this period.

o In Turkey, there are not standardization and any methods in waste collection. Waste pochettes, containers, vehicles are different in every part of Turkey. Recovery is not on the intended level.

oLand filling is generally assimilated all over Turkey because of its low investment and operational cost and the content of our waste which is highly organic.

o Only one medical waste incineration plant (in Istanbul).

o Composting is applicable in some parts of Turkey but there are still some administrative and technical problems.

o Lack of informing of municipality administrators about solid waste management.


Overview of Solid Waste ManagementGeneral Position of Turkey

o According to the results of Municipality Solid Waste Statistics Questionnaire of the

year 2004 which was administered by TÜK (Turkish Statistical Institute, TURKSTAT),

the amount of solid waste collected was 12,3 million tons in the summer of 2004 and

11,9 million tons in the winter of 2004, with an annual amount of 24,2 million tons.

According to these results, the average daily solid waste quantity per capita was 1,34

kg in average.


Overview of Solid Waste ManagementMunicipal Solid Waste Indicators for 2001-2003


Integrated Solid Waste Management Strategic Plan Compliance With The EU Environmental Legislation

o With “Integrated Solid

Waste Management

Strategic Plan Compliance

With The EU Environmental

Legislation” Istanbul solid

waste management

strategies and aims are

determined until the year

2023.

Thousand tons

Total Solid WasteLandfill

IncinerationComposting

Waste Collection CenterRecycling

Street Collector


FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES


CURRENT SOLID WASTE PLANTS OF IMM


FACILITIES and ACTIVITIESWASTE MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES IN ISTANBUL

o Operation of 7 Solid Waste Transfer Stations o Transferring of Solid Waste to the Landfillso Sanitary Land fillingo Electricity Generation from Landfill Gaso Treatment Plants for Leachateo Management of Medical Wasteso Composting and Recovering of Organic Wasteso Mechanical Sweeping Cleaning of Main Squares and Arterial Roads o Sorted Waste At Their Source Put Into Blue Litter Bagso Sustainable Management of Istanbul Local Electronical Waste Project (SMILE)o Temporary Storage of Battery Waste


FACILITIES and ACTIVITIESSOLID WASTE TRANSFER STATIONS

Planned Capacity (Ton/Day) : 1.500Active Capacity (Ton/Day) : 2.140

Number of Platform : 5 Distance to Sanitary Landfill :25 kmNumber of Trucks (Semi) : 11

BARUTHANE TRANSFER STATIONBARUTHANE TRANSFER STATION


Number of Platform : 10 Distance to Sanitary Landfill :44 km Number of Trucks (Semi) : 71

HEKIMBASI TRANSFER STATIONHEKIMBASI TRANSFER STATION



YENIBOSNA TRANSFER STATIONYENIBOSNA TRANSFER STATION

Planned Capacity (Ton/Day) : 1.500Active Capacity (Ton/Day) : 960


K.BAKKALKOY TRANSFER STATIONK.BAKKALKOY TRANSFER STATION



HALKALI TRANSFER STATIONHALKALI TRANSFER STATION

Planned Capacity (Ton/Day) : 2.500Active Capacity (Ton/Day) : 1.550Number of Platform : 10 Distance to Sanitary Landfill :53 kmNumber of Trucks (Semi) : 76

AYDINLI TRANSFER STATIONAYDINLI TRANSFER STATION


FACILITIES and ACTIVITIESSolid waste amounts that is transferred from stations to the landfills in 2007:

• European Side Total 2.862.950 tonnes

• Asian Side Total 1.462.325 tonnes


FACILITIES and ACTIVITIESSanitary Landfill

European Side 9.000 tonnes/day

Asian Side 4.000 tonnes/day

IMM has started to serve at Kömürcüoda Sanitary Landfill in Asian Side and Odayeri Sanitary Landfill in European Side since 1995 to dispose of the household solid waste.

Approximately 14.000 tonnes solid waste is stored each day in the landfill sites which are as large as 250 football fields.

Asia (Kömürcüoda) Total Area : 89 haUsed Area : 40 haTotal Storage: 14 million ton

Europe (Odayeri)Total area : 75 haUsed Area : 60 haTotal Storage: 28 million ton


FACILITIES and ACTIVITIESSanitary Landfill

o Landfill areas are isolated from groundwater by using clay, geomembrane, geotextile and gravel for filtration. By the way waste can not harm to the environment.

o There are also drainage lines for leakage and gaseous pipes for methane gase. Soil layer is the last layer and then afforestation starts.

o 10.000 tonnes solid waste is disposed in 75 hectars area, Odayeri/Gokturk every day.

o 4.000 tonnes soid waste is disposed in 100 hectars area, Komurcuoda/Karakiraz every day.


FACILITIES and ACTIVITIESHasdal LFG Plant

o The LFG Plant was established on the Kemerburgaz Unsanitary Landfill that was closed in 1995.

o Electrical energy production plant from waste gaseous works by active gaseous collection system. Gases are collectioned, treated and burned in gaseous motor and electricity is occured.


FACILITIES and ACTIVITIESLeachate Treatment Plants

o There is a wastewater treatment plant that has capacity of 1500 m³/day in Odayeri Sanitary Landfill.

o There is a wastewater treatment plant that has capacity of 900 m³/day in Kömürcüoda Sanitary Landfill.

Primary TreatmentChemical treatmentAnaerobic TreatmentSludge Dewatering units are in these plants.

Except these units as a new technology, there is the biggest leachate treatment facility of Europe every day 5.000 m3 Leachate of high pollution load are treated with Membrane Bioreactor + Nanofiltration technology in this two plants.


FACILITIES and ACTIVITIESMEDICAL WASTE INCINERATION PLANT

o Since 1995, IMM has collected and transferred medical waste of 224 medical institutions that have 20 and more beds. Collected medical wastes are transfered by teams that are educationed, certificated and special vehicles.

o Medical wastes are incinerated at 1200 oC at the plant that has a capacity of 24 tonnes/day. There is a treatment system to decrease pollutant gaseous emission from incineration plant chimney.

o Emissions are given to the atmosphere after acid notralization. There is also Carbon Filter System that is eligible to EU Standards.

o Ash of the wastes are disposed in sanitary landfill seperately.


FACILITIES and ACTIVITIESCOMPOSTING and RECYCLING FACILITY

o Composting plant is the second biggest plant of the Europe. Capacity of the plant is 1000 tons/day.

o Compost is produced from organic wastes that is collected from bazaars and produced compost is used in parks-gardens of Istanbul.

o Plastic and metal materials that are valuable are separated by hand-selection and transferred to recycling plants.

o By processing 200.000 ton organic waste each year, 26.000 tons of compost and 18.000 tons of cover is produced.o We recover 6.000 tons/year of plastic, metal and paper by manuel sorting.o Total waste processing capacity of the composting facility (in Europe) is 365.000 ton/year. o An other composting and recycling facility with a capacity of 2.000 ton/day is completed in Asian side and started operation.


FACILITIES and ACTIVITIESCOMPOSTING and RECYCLING FACILITY

o The wastes that come to the plant are selected with hand-selection and recycling bands. After selecting paper, plastic and metal materials from the mixed wastes. Soil and ash that in the remaining waste is sifted in griddles and wastes come to fermentation unit. Fermentation unit has 8 sections; 3 of closed and 5 of open-air. Wastes stay one week in each section. Water and heat is necessary for fermentation. Fermentation process finishes after 8 weeks . Finally compost is ready to use.


FACILITIES and ACTIVITIESFIGURES BELONG TO MECHANICAL SWEEPING

o Existence of a city with clean streets is a significant indicator of urban life quality attained.

o Being aware of this fact, Integrated Solid Waste Directorate provides day and night uninterrupted cleaning services for arterial roads and main squares of 27 districts and 16 towns in Istanbul by using of 125 sweeping machines and 103 cleaning machines.


FACILITIES and ACTIVITIESCOLLECTION OF PACKAGING WASTES ON THE SOURCE

o “Project of Separate Collection of packaging waste on the Source” has been introduced by Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality and ISTAC Co. “Packaging Waste Management Plan” was prepared for Istanbul within the frame of this Project. The Project was implemented at certain determined pilot regions and it is thought to extent the Project as to cover the entire Istanbul. For this aim, the protocols between district municipalities and licensed firms have been signed. The number of district that the protocol has been signed is 22. 21 of these 22 districts has started to implementation.

o Within the Project, 200.000 students in 2007 and 300.000 student in 2008 were trained about environment and recycling by the people who are responsible for this. In the same way, 20 university students that have been employed by ISTAC Co. inform the people in their houses. In the period of one year total 120.000 houses (=500.000 people) have been informed and their awareness has been increased.

o 5.651 tons of packaging waste were collected in the first three month period of 2008.


FACILITIES and ACTIVITIESTEMPORARY STORAGE OF BATTERY WASTE

o Battery wastes are buried in specially built and impermeable sections in Odayeri Sanitary Landfill. Each of these sections has a capacity of 100 m3.

o Surroundings of these sections are covered with clay. HDPE on the concrete and soil on the HDPE is spread out in the internal floor of these sections.


FACILITIES and ACTIVITIESSUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT of ISTANBUL LOCAL ELECTRONICAL WASTE PROJECT

Project Code: LIFE 06 TCY/TR/282

Beneficiary : Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality

Project Partners : Çevre ve Kültür Mirasını Koruma Association (ÇEVKU) from Turkey and Ecological Recycling Society Association from Greece

Within the Project, unusable computers are collected and decomposed as usable, recyclable and unrecoverable. The ones that can be used again are repaired and delivered to the public institutions according to need. The ones that can not be used again are purify from toxic materials and sent to recycling plants. The rest of the computer are disposed.


PROJECTS


PROJECTSEnergy Production from Landfill Sites

o Main goal of this project is to collect the landfill gas from landfill sites and to generate electricity via using gas engines.

o To convert the landfill gas to energy in Odayeri and Kömürcüoda Landfill Sites, systems with a total capacity of 35 MW are installed. This systems will produce 2.800 Gwh electrical energy until 2030.

o By this project nearly 1.000.000 tons of Carbon dioxide is prevented from emitting to atmosphere.

o This project is in the first 10 of UN Climate Change Projects.


PROJECTSEnhancement of Compost Product and Model Compost System Research Project

o The main aim is to convert compost produced in Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Composting Plant to organic fertilizer.

o Meantime to create the most country suited compost model at the end of the project. Project is implemented by the consortium of IBB, ISTAC Co, ITU, Sabancı Uni., Selcuk Uni. and Bahri Dağdaş International Farm Research Ins.

o Observing the effect of land application on soil and plants in the use of compost


PROJECTSEnhancement of Compost Product and Model Compost System Research Project-2

o In the environmental Lab, which is founded in the scope of the project, routine analysis of compost, water and wastewater analysis can be done.

o The project supported by TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey).


PROJECTSRDF (Refuse Derived Fuel) and Granule Project

o To convert recyclable plastics to granule and non-recyclable material to RDF for using as fuel in cement kilns, an RDF Plant is built near the composting facility.

o Capacity of the plant is 250 ton/day. o This plant is the first step of transition to Thermal System.o The project is supported by TÜBİTAK.

RDF Plant


PROJECTSBiomethanization

The aim is to evaluate how energy production would be increased by co digestionapplication of Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste together with primarysludge and farm-based wastes.

For providing the required solid content for wet anaerobic digestion, someamount of treated wastewater was recycled to each digester. A pilot plant is constructed and activities continue according to work packages.


PROJECTSManagement and Disposal of Industrial Wastes

There is a great need for an industrial waste disposal site in Istanbul because of

in sufficiency of the disposal sites in Marmara Region. Project Preparation

studies for a plant in Asian Landfill Site are continue. Settlement plan of an

Industrial Disposal Site is prepared for the project.


PROJECTSSolid Waste Education and Application Center

Solid Waste Education and Application Center is projected to inform and to

educate municipalities, public bodies and all other parties about waste

management.


PROJECTSRecovery of Construction and Demolition Wastes

With the aim for the recovery of construction and demolition wastes, foundation of

the first concasor system and projection of the second system has started.


PROJECTSSolid Waste Characterization and Forming a Solid Waste Map

o Seasonal Solid Waste Characterization for Istanbul is completed by ISTAC Co.

o According to this study, solid waste maps, which show solid waste density,

amount, per capita amounts, changing rates according to time, are prepared.

Material %Paper 12,7Organic Waste 53,3Plastic 17,3Textile 3,8Inert 2,5Glass 5,9Metal 1,4Ash 3,0Total 100

Seasonal Waste Characterization in IstanbulSeasonal Waste Characterization in Istanbul

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