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Issues Affecting the Energy Industry in the Appalachian Basin, Texas, and Colorado This webcast will begin promptly at 12:00 PM EST Follow Steptoe & Johnson on Twitter: @Steptoe_Johnson ALSO FIND US ON http://www.linkedin.com/companies/216795 © 2017 Steptoe & Johnson PLLC . All Rights Reserved.

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Page 1: Issues Affecting the Energy Industry in the Appalachian Basin, … · 2017-03-06 · • Corban v. Chesapeake Exploration, L.L.C., 2016 Ohio 5796 (2016) – 1989 version is not self‐executing

Issues Affecting the Energy Industry in the Appalachian Basin, Texas, and Colorado

This webcast will begin promptly at 12:00 PM EST

Follow Steptoe & Johnson on Twitter:@Steptoe_Johnson

ALSO FIND US ON http://www.linkedin.com/companies/216795

© 2017 Steptoe & Johnson PLLC .  All Rights Reserved.

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Today’s Presenter

Andrew S. GrahamMember

Morgantown, WVandrew.graham@steptoe‐johnson.com

304‐598‐8161

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Today’s Menu• Who owns the oil and gas?• Pipelines• Royalty calculations• Regulation of oil and gas• Force majeure• Pooling and division orders

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WHO OWNS THE OIL AND GAS?

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Who Owns the OG?• On Sept. 15, 2016, the Ohio Supreme Court decided 12 cases pending before it relating to the Ohio Dormant Mineral Act (ODMA)

• There are two versions of the ODMA, one enacted in 1989, and another in 2006

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Who Owns the OG?• Corban v. Chesapeake Exploration, L.L.C., 2016 Ohio 5796 (2016)– 1989 version is not self‐executing and did not automatically reunite severed oil and gas with the surface

– Under the 1989 version, surface owner must seek to abandon severed OG through quiet title action

– Any ODMA claim brought after June 30, 2006, must comply with notice requirements in 2006 version

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Who Owns the OG?• In two companion cases, Walker v. Shondrick‐Nau, 2016 

Ohio 5793 (2016) and Albanese v. Batman, 2016 Ohio 5814 (2016), the Court reiterated that the 2006 version of the ODMA applies to claims brought after June 30, 2006

• Walker: Severed OG owner protected OG by timely filing notice of preservation after receiving notice of abandonment

• Albanese: OG was not abandoned because surface owner had not complied with 2006 version of ODMA

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Who Owns the OG?• On the same day, the Court resolved nine other ODMA cases, affirming four and reversing five, by referring to the reasoning set forth in Corban, Walker, and Albanese

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Who Owns the OG?• Herder Spring Hunting Club v. Keller, 143 A.3d 358 (Pa. 2016)– Affirmed decision that 1935 tax sale of unseated lands covered both the surface and OG, even though OG had been severed from surface in 1899 deed because severed OG owner had not complied with statutory requirement to notify county commissioners of severance so that OG could be assessed for taxation

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Who Owns the OG?• Herder

– Court rejected arguments that OG could not have been properly assessed and that severed OG owner had been denied due process because of insufficient notice of tax sale proceedings

– Reaffirmed Hutchison v. Kline, 49 A. 312 (Pa. 1901) and Powell v. Lantzy, 34 A. 450 (Pa. 1896)

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PIPELINES

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Pipelines• Mtn. Valley Pipeline v. McCurdy, 238 W. Va. 200, 793 S.E.2d 850 (2016)– Proposed natural gas pipeline was not being constructed for “public use” and, as a result, company’s surveyors could not rely on eminent domain statute to access landowners’ property to survey pipeline route

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Pipelines• Denbury Green Pipeline‐Texas, LLC v. Tex. Rice Land Partners, Ltd., 2017 WL 65470 (Tex. Jan. 6, 2017)– So long as there is a reasonable probability that pipeline will, at some point after construction, serve one customer not affiliated with pipeline owner, then pipeline is a “common carrier”

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Pipelines• Kinder Morgan Cochin LLC v. Simonson, 2016 Ohio 4647 (Ohio Ct. App. 2016)– NGLs are “petroleum” within meaning of statute allowing pipeline company to enter property to conduct surveying

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ROYALTY CALCULATIONS

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Royalty Calculations• W. VA. CODE § 22‐6‐8 provides that leases with flat‐rate well royalty must be converted to “1/8 at the wellhead” for new or reworked wells

• Can the lessee deduct post‐production costs and use the net‐back method to determine “1/8 at the wellhead”? Or does Tawney prohibit such deductions? – Leggett v. EQT Prod. Co., 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 7536 (N.D.W. Va., Jan. 22, 2016) 

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Royalty Calculations• On Nov. 17, 2016, the West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals answered Judge Stamp’s certified questions– Essentially, the court said “NO” to post‐production‐deduction question and “YES” to the does‐Tawney‐apply question

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Royalty Calculations• The Court’s answers in detail:

• When W. Va. Code § 22‐6‐8(e) states that landowner must receive a royalty of not less than 1/8 of the amount realized “at the wellhead,” royalty is not to be diluted by costs and losses incurred downstream from wellhead before marketable product is rendered

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Royalty Calculations• The Court’s answers in detail:

– W. Va. Code § 22‐6‐8(e) also requires that the lessee cannot deduct from the statutory 1/8 royalty “any expenses that have been incurred in gathering, transporting, or treating the oil or gas after it has been initially extracted, any sums attributable to a loss or beneficial use of volume beyond that initially measured, or any other costs that may be characterized as post‐production”

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Royalty Calculations• But, the Court’s decision was split 3‐2

– See Leggett v. EQT Prod. Co., 2016 WL 6835732 (W. Va. Nov. 17, 2016)

– Justice Benjamin wrote the opinion, joined by Justices Davis and Workman

– Justices Loughry and Ketchum dissented• Tawney shouldn’t apply because this case involves statutory, not contract, interpretation

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Royalty Calculations• A curious thing happened on the way to the courthouse– On May 10, 2016, Justice Benjamin was defeated for re‐election to the West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals

• Beth Walker elected as his replacement

– On Jan. 27, 2017, the Court granted EQT’s request for a rehearing

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Royalty Calculations• Lindauer v. Williams Production RMT Co., 381 P.3d 378 (Colo. App. 2016)– Posed two unanswered questions under Colorado law relating to post‐production cost deductions

– Colorado Supreme Court declined to review this decision in Sept. 2016

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Royalty Calculations• Lindauer Question No. 1:

– Must costs incurred to transport natural gas to market beyond the first commercial market “enhance” the value of the gas, such that the actual royalty revenue increases, to be deductible? 

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Royalty Calculations• Lindauer Question No. 2:

– If the enhancement test applies to such transportation costs, must the enhancement, and the reasonableness of the costs, be shown on a month to month basis? 

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Royalty Calculations• Lindauer Answer No. 1:

– No, transportation costs beyond the first commercial market need not enhance the value of the gas, such that actual royalty revenues increase in proportion to those costs, to be deductible from royalty payments

• No need to reach the second question

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REGULATION OF OIL AND GAS

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Regulation of OG• Robinson Twp. v. Comm’n of Pa., 147 A.3d 536 (Pa. 2016)– PA Supreme Court struck most of the remaining provisions of Act 13 of 2012

• Act 13: enacted by General Assembly to address increased OG development

– Left “impact fee” in place

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Regulation of OG• Robinson Twp. struck down:

– PUC and Commonwealth Court authority to hear challenges to local regulations of OG activity

– Health professionals’ confidentiality obligations regarding chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing

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Regulation of OG• Robinson Twp. struck down:

– Provision under which PADEP did not have to notify private water well owners if a spill associated with hydraulic fracturing occurred

– Eminent domain powers for companies acquiring property for gas storage

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Regulation of OG• In an earlier decision, Robinson Township v. Comm’n of Pa., 83 A.3d 901 (Pa. 2013), the Court struck down provisions in Act 13 related to spacing and zoning

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Regulation of OG• In May 2016, the Colorado Supreme Court struck down a pair of local bans on hydraulic fracturing because the municipal bans were preempted by the Oil and Gas Conservation Act– City of Longmont v. Colorado Oil & Gas Ass’n, 369 P.3d 573 (Colo. 2016)

– City of Fort Collins v. Colorado Oil & Gas Ass’n, 369 P.3d 586 (Colo. 2016)

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Regulation of OG• On Jan. 17, 2017, the U.S. District Court for the District of Wyoming refused to grant a preliminary injunction against implementation of BLM’s newest venting and flaring rules

• Court will consider merits of Rule in April • Wyo. v. U.S. Dept. of Interior, 2017 WL 161428 (D. Wyo. Jan. 16, 2017)

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FORCE MAJEURE

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Force Majeure• Haverhill Glen, LLC v. Eric Petroleum Corp., 67 N.E.3d 845 (Ohio App. 2016)– Surface owner’s denial of access to oil and gas lessee was force majeure which tolled the primary term of the OG lease

– Force majeure clause in OGL specifically included “inability to obtain necessary . . . access” as a force majeure

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POOLING AND DIVISION ORDERS

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Pooling• Simmers v. City of North Royalton, 2016 Ohio 3036 (Ohio Ct. App. 2016) – Affirmed OG Comm’n decision to reverse mandatory pooling order

• Applicant had not used “all reasonable efforts” to reach voluntary pooling agreement with city

• OG Chief had not properly considered legitimate safety concerns about horizontal well operations raised by city

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Division Orders• Wilhelm v. Jay‐Bee Prod. Co., 2016 WL 5941934 (Oct. 13, 2016)– Lessee refused to pay royalty until lessor had executed division order

– Lessor sued, seeking royalties, interest, attorney fees and costs, and a forfeiture of the lease

• Lease specifically provided that lease would default if Lessee refused to pay Lessor within 10 days of Lessor’s written demand for payment

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Division Orders• Wilhelm

– Trial court ordered payment of royalty, but refused to forfeit lease because lessor had been fully compensated for breach

– Lessor appealed, but WVSCA affirmed trial court’s decision

• Trial court did not abuse its discretion• Forfeiture is disfavored under WV law

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QUESTIONS?

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March 2017 Energy Webcast“Emerging Issues In State and Local Oil and 

Gas Regulation and Litigation” Presented by David Little

March 23, 2017 

Invitations will be sent in the coming weeks!

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AAPL CreditsThis program has been accredited for 1 RL, RPL or CPL recertification credit. Add the recertification credits to your AAPL transcript within 30 days of attendance by following these instructions:

1. Go to “My Account” on www.landman.org

2. On the left, under “Certifications,” click “View and Add Continuing Education Credits” 

3. Click “Add Continuing Education Credit” 

4. Enter Component code SJ2171 in the pop‐up window. Click Apply.

5. If you need to record partial attendance, please edit the “# of credits” field to reflect 1 credit per hour attended 

6. Click “Save” 

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Thank You!

Andrew S. GrahamMember

Morgantown, WVandrew.graham@steptoe‐johnson.com

304‐598‐8161

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These materials are public information and have been prepared solely foreducational purposes. These materials reflect only the personal views of theauthors and are not individualized legal advice. It is understood that each caseand/or matter is fact‐specific, and that the appropriate solution in any caseand/or matter will vary. Therefore, these materials may or may not be relevantto any particular situation. Thus, the authors and Steptoe & Johnson PLLCcannot be bound either philosophically or as representatives of their variouspresent and future clients to the comments expressed in these materials. Thepresentation of these materials does not establish any form of attorney‐clientrelationship with the authors or Steptoe & Johnson PLLC. While every attemptwas made to ensure that these materials are accurate, errors or omissions maybe contained therein, for which any liability is disclaimed.

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