issue nr. 2: 02. quotation, paratext and romantic orientalism: robert southey's "the curse of...

7/23/2019 issue nr. 2: 02. Quotation, Paratext and Romantic Orientalism: Robert Southey's "The Curse of Kehama" (1810) --

1/29

_lvlsth skekstrhgk amglmk /Olhmmuhg amglmk aurmhg

fttp0//www.phragkruohtk.umlpr.lt

Chsiliaga m. ? / Lssuk ma. ?

Dlikeork ?:8: / Dkikeokr ?:8:


2/29

Dlrkttark/Kdltar_lmhgda _lmhgdl ([mlvkrslt dl Zhreh)

Iaelthta silkmtlclia/_kskhrif Iaeelttkk

Ehrlaglmh Oamnlavhmml Okrtlml ([mlvkrslt dl Zhreh)Daelmlquk Oudar ([mlvkrslt dk gh Yaroammk Mauvkggk Zhrls LLL)_aokrta Nrkil ([mlvkrslt dl Zhreh)Fklmz Facehmm ([mlvkrsltt Tolmnkm)Okrt ^. Ekl`kr (Mkdkrghmds Bumstflstarlsif Lmstltuut Clrkmzk / _l`bsumlvkrsltklt [trkift)Ehrh dk ghs Mlkvks Eulz Eulz ([mlvkrsltht dk Ohrikgamh)Dlkna Yhnglh ([mlvkrslt dl Zhreh)Crhmiksia Ypkrh ([mlvkrslt dl Elghma)

Yknrktkrlh dl rkdhzlamk/Kdltarlhg YthccMliagh Ihtkggl ([mlvkrslt dl Zhreh)Iflhrh _aggl ([mlvkrslt dl Zhreh)

Kspkrtl kstkrml (chsiliaga m. ?)/Kxtkrmhg rkckrkks (lssuk ma. ?)Guilh Ohtthnglh _liil ([mlvkrslt dl Zlsh)Crhmiksia Ohusl ([mlvkrslt dkggh Ihghorlh)Ihrag Oagtam (Gaunfoaraunf [mlvkrslty)_aokrta Ihephrl ([mlvkrslt dl Zhreh)

Crhmiksia Clarkmtlma ([mlvkrslt dl Ohrl)Hekdka Xuamdhe ([mlvkrslt dl _aeh Gh Yhplkmzh)Crhmih Shrhgga ([mlvkrslt dl Tarlma)

Zranktta nrhclia/Nrhpfli dkslnm

@kgkmh _hda`kv ([mlvkrslt dl Zhreh)

Dlrkttark rkspamsholgk0 _lmhgda _lmhgdl

Hutarlzzhzlamk Trloumhgk dl Zhreh m. 84 dkg ?> ehnnla ?:8: Iapyrlnft ?:8: LYYM0 ?:9


3/29

LMDKV / IAMTKMTY

ZHGLMYKYTL /ZHGLEZYKYTY

Iamtraihmta. Zkr hgiumk ilthzlaml kspgliltk mkggk mavkggk dl Ehttka Ohmdkgga_LMHGDA _LMHGDL([mlvkrslt dl Zhreh) 9-?;

Xuathtlam, Zhrhtkxt hmd _aehmtli Arlkmthglse0 _aokrt Yautfkys Tfk Iursk

ac Bkfheh (868:)

A[_HMLH IFHTYLA[(Ywhmskh [mlvkrslty) ?>-;:

Mkg sknma dl Zaglclga

SHM@H YT_[BKG@([mlvkrslt dl Zhreh) ;8--8


4/29


5/29

Zhragk _uohtk / Zurgalmkd Gkttkrs

fttp0//www.phragkruohtk.umlpr.lt

Chsiliaga m. ? / Lssuk ma. ? Dlikeork ?:8: / Dkikeokr ?:8:

A[_HMLH IFHTYLA[

X[ATHTLAM, ZH_HTKVT HMD _AEHMTLI

A_LKMTHGLYE0 _AOK_T YA[TFK\YTFK I[_YK AC BKFHEH (868:)

8. Zurgalmkd Gkttkrs0 Xuathtlam hmd Zhrhtkxt lm Orltlsf Arlkmthglse

Lm fls ksshy Tfk Zurvkyar ac Trutf, h rkhdlmn ac Kdnhr Hgghm Zaks

Tfk Zurgalmkd Gkttkr, @hiquks Dkrrldh ifhggkmnks lmvkmtlam hmd hutfarlhg

irkhtlvlty oy hrnulmn tfht0 kvkrytflmn oknlms lm h glorhry0 lm oaabs,

wrltlmns, rkckrkmiks. Tfkrkcark matflmn oknlms. Amgy h drlctlmn ar

dlsarlkmthtlam crae wflif amk daks mat kekrnk.8

Ehmy ac Zaks warbsgltkrhggy oknlm lm hm aosiurk, glttgk ohib glorhry, h slgkmt, dhrb raae, hmd

h study0

8@. Dkrrldh, Tfk Zurvkyar ac Trutf, trhms. oy H. Ohss, lm Tfk Zurgalmkd Zak0 Ghihm,Dkrrldh hmd Zsyifahmhgytli _khdlmn, kd. oy @. Z. Euggkr hmd ^. @. _lifhrdsam, Ohgtlearkhmd Gamdam, Tfk @afms Fapblms [mlvkrslty Zrkss, 89-?8? (p. 8


6/29

Zhragk _uohtk / Zurgalmkd Gkttkrs?6

Aur clrst ekktlmn whs ht hm aosiurk glorhry lm tfk _uk Eamtehrtk, wfkrk tfkhiildkmt ac aur oatf oklmn lm skhrif ac tfk shek vkry rhrk hmd vkry rkehrbhogk vaguek

oraunft us lmta igaskr iaeeumlam2?

L whs km`aylmn tfk twacagd guxury ac ekdlthtlam hmd h ekkrsifhue, lm iaephmywltf ey crlkmd I. Hunustk Duplm, lm fls glttgk ohib glorhry, ar oaab-igaskt, hu tralslkek, Ma.99, _uk Dumat, Chuoaurn Yt. Nkrehlm. Car amk faur ht gkhst wk ehlmthlmkd h pracaumdslgkmik2 wflgk khif, ta hmy ihsuhg aoskrvkr, elnft fhvk skkekd lmtkmtgy hmd kxiguslvkgyaiiuplkd wltf tfk iurglmn kddlks ac seabk tfht apprkssks tfk hteaspfkrk ac tfk ifheokr29

Durlmn h rhlmy hctkrmaam mat gamn hna, oklmn lm h eaad taa glstgkss car iamtlmuausstudy, L saunft rkglkc crae kmmul, lm dlpplmn fkrk hmd tfkrk, ht rhmdae heamn tfk vagueks acey glorhry ma vkry ghrnk amk, ikrthlmgy, out succlilkmtgy elsikgghmkaus.4

Zak hgwhys glbkd ta pra`kit hmd cghttkr Rfleskgc hsU, mat h glttgk

rkifkrif.;Fk vhgukd h blmd ac wrltlmn sa igaskgy hgglkd ta rkhdlmn tfht lt

kxpgliltgy rkglks am atfkr tkxts R...U. Tfk wfagk dlsiaursk ls lmcgkitkd wltf h

iammalsskursflp0 tfk elsikgghmkaus hmd rkifkrif thstk tfht lmcares tfk

glorhry.3 Fk whs vkry euif lmcgukmikd oy fls gltkrhry elglku, skkblmn car

gltkrhry eadkgs ta quatk, lelthtk, hppraprlhtk, surphss lm stygk hmd krudltlam, ar

dkohtk wltf. Tfk pawkrcug iamtkeparhry dlsiaursk ac hmtlquhrlhmlse lm Orlthlm

hmd lts papughr gltkrhry praduits hmmathtkd paktry hmd prask fhd h pkrvhslvk

lephit am tfk dkvkgapekmt ac fls paktlis ac lmtkggkituhglty, hmd, spkilclihggy,

fls hpprkilhtlam hmd usk ac ehrnlmhglh, matks hmd sirlooglmns.> Yydmky

Awkmsam (Ghdy Earnhm), _aokrt Yautfky, hmd east ac hgg, Gard Oyram, wltf

tfklr kxatli arlkmthglst warbs hmd kghoarhtk hmmathtlams lmsplrkd Zak, kxiltlmn

? K. H. Zak, Tfk Eurdkrs lm tfk _uk Earnuk, lm Ld., Tfk Zarthogk Zak, kd. oyZ. Shm Darkm Ytkrm, Mkw \arb, Zkmnulm Oaabs, 83 (p. 99>).

9Ld., Tfk Zurgalmkd Gkttkr, lvl, pp. 496).;Lold.3

Y. _hifehm, Ks ghsst slif mlift sifrklokm0 Zghnlhrlse hmd Tfk Ehm ac tfkIrawd, lm Tfk Hekrlihm Chik ac Kdnhr Hgghm Zak, kd. oy Y. _askmfkle hmd Y. _hifehm,Ohgtleark hmd Gamdam, Tfk @afms Fapblms [mlvkrslty Zrkss, 86.


7/29

A. Ifhtslau, Xuathtlam, Zhrhtkxt hmd _aehmtli Arlkmthglse ?

oy Zurgalmkd Gkttkrs,oy iamsthmt rkspamsk ta hmd kifalmn ac atfkr tkxts1 ^fht hrk tfk dlcckrkmt

hutfars paktlis hmd ao`kitlvks ac quathtlam1 Tfksk hrk saek ac tfk qukstlams

tfls ksshy wlgg skkb ta hddrkss.

?._aokrt Yautfkys Tfk Iursk ac Bkfheh (868:)0 Zhrhtkxt hmd tfk

Flmdu Natfli Yuoglek

Yautfkys kxtrhardlmhrlgy houmdhmt matks fagd h vkry praelmkmt pasltlam

lm fls uvrk, kspkilhggy fls gkmntfy Arlkmthglst mhrrhtlvk pakes, Tfhghoh tfk

Dkstraykr (86:8) hmd Tfk Iursk ac Bkfheh (868:). Fls natfli thgks wkrk

ar tfk prkchik hmd saektleks kgkekmts lmskrtkd lmta tfk lmtkrstliks ac tfk tkxt, suif hsifhptkr tltgks ar ikrthlm matks. (N. Nkmkttk, Ykulgs, Zhrls, dltlams du Ykulg, 8, trhms. oy@. K. Gkwlm hmd _. Ehibsky, Zhrhtkxts0 Tfrksfagds ac Lmtkrprkthtlam, Iheorldnk,Iheorldnk [mlvkrslty Zrkss, 8


10/29

Zhragk _uohtk / Zurgalmkd Gkttkrs9?

pratatyplihg, lelthtkd hmd hppraprlhtkd oy tfk yaumnkr nkmkrhtlam ac

_aehmtlis0 Oyram, tfaunf fk mkvkr hdelttkd lt ac iaursk, Yfkggky, hmd Eaark.

Hiiardlmn ta Tle Cugcard, Tfhghohokihek RU tfk clrst ac h mkw, _aehmtli,nkmrk, hm updhtkd Arlkmthg thgk, maw lm vkrsk hmd wltf h wklnfty hpphrhtus ac

chituhg caatmatks ta iamvlmik tfk rkhdkr ac lts flstarlihg vkrhilty.86

Yautfkys Iaeeam-pghik Oaab (864


11/29

A. Ifhtslau, Xuathtlam, Zhrhtkxt hmd _aehmtli Arlkmthglse 99

clitlam, wflif whs actkm kltfkr skt lm flstarlihggy, ar nkanrhpflihggy, ar

ldkaganlihggy rkeatk pghiks.

Lm 8>699-skvkm-vaguek Tfk Ikrkeamlks

hmd _kglnlaus Iustaes ac tfk Shrlaus Mhtlams ac tfk Bmawm ^argd. Lm fls

Slmdlilhk Kiigkslhk Hmnglihmhk (86?3), Yautfky rkihggkd fls dkkpgy

eaekmtaus kmiaumtkr wltf Zlihrts warb0

Tfk oaab leprksskd ey lehnlmhtlam stramngy2 hmd okcark L gkct sifaag, L fhd carekdtfk lmtkmtlam ac kxfloltlmn hgg tfk eark praelmkmt hmd paktlihg cares ac eytfagany wfliffhvk ht hmy tlek aothlmkd heamn ehmblmd, oy ehblmn khif tfk nraumdwarb ac hm fkrali

pake.??

Ylelghrgy, am Ehy ?6, 86:6, fk wratk ta Hmmh Ykwhrd, pghilmn Bkfheh

wltflm h orahdkr hmd eark heoltlaus sifkek ac dkvkgapekmt0

Ey agd dkslnm whs ta oulgd h ektrlihg raehmik upam kvkry paktli chltf tfht fhs kvkrokkm ksthoglsfkd, hmd fhvk namk am hctkr tfk Ehfaeekdhm lm Tfhghoh, hmd tfk Flmdaa lmtfls prkskmt pake, wltf tfk Zkrslhm, tfk _umli, tfk Bkgtli, tfk Nrkkb, tfk @kwlsf, tfk _aehmIhtfaglib hmd tfk @hphmksk.?9

Lm 868:, fk puoglsfkd Bkfheh, fls trugy hvhmt-nhrdk pake, saektflmn

tfht fhs mkvkr rkhggy okkm hdkquhtkgy strksskd. Yiatt, wfa ls h vkry ao`kitlvk

hmd hiiurhtk irltli, strksskd lts arlnlmhglty lm tfk Xuhrtkrgy0

Tfk pake RlsU ac h mhturk pawkrcuggy lmtkrkstlmn, hmd ht tfk shek tlek tfk east wlgdhmd umiaeeam wflif fhs fltfkrta chggkm umdkr aur aoskrvhtlam. Tfk stary ls caumdkd upamtfk Flmdaa eytfagany, tfk east nlnhmtli, iueoraus, hmd kxtrhvhnhmt systke ac ldaghtry ta

?? _. Yautfky, Slmdlilhk Kiigkslhk Hmnglihmhk0 Gkttkrs ta Ifhrgks Outgkr

Iaeprlslmn Ksshys am tfk _aelsf _kglnlam hmd Slmdlihtlmn tfk Oaab ac tfk Ifurif ,Gamdam, @afm Eurrky, 86?3, p. >.?9Mkw Gkttkrs ac _aokrt Yautfky, kd. oy B. Iurry, ? vags, Mkw \arb hmd Gamdam,

Iagueolh [mlvkrslty Zrkss, 83.


12/29

Zhragk _uohtk / Zurgalmkd Gkttkrs94

wflif tkepgks wkrk kvkr krkitkd. RU matflmn lm tfls kxtrhardlmhry pake elnft rkskeogkwfht fhd okkm wrlttkm okcark.?4

Yautfkys prkchik ta Bkfheh cheausgy oknlms wltf h rksaumdlmn

dlselsshg ac tfk vkry eytfagany am wflif tfk pake ls ohskd, praighlelmn

Flmdulse ta ok, ac hgg rkglnlams, tfk east eamstraus lm lts chogks hmd tfk east

chthg lm lts kcckits0

Lm tfk rkglnlam ac tfk Flmdaas, wflif ac hgg tfksk rkglnlams ls tfk east eamstraus lmlts chogks, hmd tfk east chthg lm lts kcckits, tfkrk ls amk rkehrbhogk pkiuglhrlty. Zrhykrs,

pkmhmiks, hmd shirlcliks, hrk suppaskd ta passkss hm lmfkrkmt hmd hituhg vhguk, lm ma dknrkkdkpkmdlmn upam tfk dlspasltlam ac eatlvk ac tfk pkrsam wfa pkrcares tfke. Tfky hrk drhctsupam Fkhvkm, car wflif tfk Nads ihmmat rkcusk phyekmt. Tfk warst ekm, okst upam tfkwarst dkslnms, fhvk lm tfls ehmmkr aothlmkd pawkr wflif fhs ehdk tfke careldhogk ta tfkYuprkek Dkltlks tfkeskgvks, hmd rkmdkrkd hm Hvhthr, ar Lmihrmhtlam ac Skksfmaa tfkZrkskrvkr, mkiksshry. Tfls okglkc ls tfk caumdhtlam ac tfk caggawlmn Zake. Tfk stary lsarlnlmhg2 out lm hgg lts phrts, iamslstkmt wltf tfk supkrstltlam upam wflif lt ls oulgt2 hmdfawkvkr sthrtglmn tfk clitlams ehy hppkhr, tfky elnft hgeast ok ihggkd irkdlogk wfkmiaephrkd wltf tfk nkmulmk thgks ac Flmdaa eytfagany. Ma clnurks ihm ok lehnlmkd earkhmtl-pliturksquk, hmd gkss paktlihg, tfhm tfk eytfaganlihg pkrsamhnks ac tfk Orhelms. Tflsdkcarelty whs khslgy bkpt aut ac slnft0 tfklr fumdrkd fhmds hrk out h iguesy

pkrsamlclihtlam ac pawkr2 tfklr muekraus fkhds amgy h nrass lehnk ac dlvlmlty, wfaskiaumtkmhmik, hs tfk Ofhnvht-Nkkth kxprkssks lt, ls turmkd am kvkry sldk.?;

Yautfky ls wrltlmn h wfagk kpli am h rkglnlam fk hpphrkmtgy dksplsks hmd

crae wflif fk hmxlausgy httkepts ta dlssailhtk fleskgc oy carknraumdlmn lm fls

prkchik hm Kvhmnkglihg autgaab. Tfls prkchik lggustrhtks mat amgy fls Zratksthmt

hmd purlthm ckhr ac tfk Natfli suoglek hmd tfk chmthstlihg, out hgsa fls

chsilmhtlam wltf lt.

Bkfhehs clrst twa Oaabs skt lts iamtkxt ac tkrrlcylmn Natfli

supkrmhturhglse. Oaab L0 Tfk Cumkrhg ls hm kxtrhvhnhmt Natfli spkithigk,

partrhylmn Hrvhghms cumkrhg praiksslam hiiaephmlkd oy tfk Flmdu rltuhg ac

?4

Tfk Iursk ac Bkfheh. Oy _aokrt Yautfky, umslnmkd rkvlkw lm Tfk Xuhrtkrgy_kvlkw, ilt., pp. 49-44.?; _. Yautfky, Zaktlihg ^arbs, 8>


13/29

A. Ifhtslau, Xuathtlam, Zhrhtkxt hmd _aehmtli Arlkmthglse 9;

shtl (hgsa bmawm hs suttkk), hiiardlmn ta wflif tfk dkhd ehms wldaws, Hzgh

hmd Mkhgglmy, wlgglmngy hmd carilogy, rkspkitlvkgy, leeaghtk tfkeskgvks am

Hrvhghms cumkrhg pyrk. Tfk praiksslams vhst irawd hmd tfk ekdgky ac malskspraduikd oy tfk truepkts, tfk drues hmd tfk iamsthmt, symiframaus eahmlmn

hmd whlglmn leekdlhtkgy irkhtk h farrlogk hmd hwk-lmsplrlmn hteaspfkrk0

Eldmlnft, hmd ykt ma kykTfraunf hgg tfk Lepkrlhg Ilty igasd lm sgkkp!

Okfagd fkr strkkts h-oghzk^ltf glnft tfht skkes ta blmdgk tfk rkd sby,

Fkr eyrlhds swhrelmn tfra tfk irawdkd whys! RUCar ga! tkm tfaushmd tarifks cghek hmd cghrk

[pam tfk eldmlnft hlr, RUFhrb! tls tfk cumkrhg truepkts orkhtf!

Tls tfk dlrnk ac dkhtf!Ht amik tkm tfaushmd drues oknlm,

^ltf amk gamn tfumdkr-pkhg tfk khr hsshlglmn2Tkm tfaushmd valiks tfkm alm lm,

Hmd wltf amk dkkp hmd nkmkrhg dlmZaur tfklr wlgd whlglmn.?3

Tfk wlvks leeaghtlams praduik tfk ugtlehtk Flmdu Natfli spkithigk,

wltf Mkhgglmys carikd leeaghtlam oklmn kspkilhggy dksirlokd lm hgg lts

nruksaek dkthlg, partrhylmn fkr wlgd hnamy lm strunnglmn ta hvald dkhtf hmd fkr

elskry okcark fkr shirlclik0

^ak! ak! Mkhgglmy,

Tfk yaumn Mkhgglmy!Tfky strlp fkr armhekmts hwhy,

Orhikgkt hmd hmbgkt, rlmn, hmd ifhlm, hmd zamk2Hraumd fkr mkib tfky gkhvk

Tfk ehrrlhnk bmat hgamk, RUA slnft ac elskry!

\au ihmmat fkhr fkr irlks, hgg atfkr saumdLm tfht wlgd dlssamhmik ls drawmkd2

Out lm fkr chik yau skkTfk suppglihtlam hmd tfk hnamy,

?3Lold.0 L, 8-;, ?:-?8 hmd ?6-94. Tfk paktlihg quathtlams hrk ikmtrkd, rhtfkr tfhmlmdkmtkd, lm ardkr ta rkpraduik tfk kcckit ac Yautfkys typanrhpflihg lmmavhtlam.


14/29


Ykk lm fkr swkgglmn tfraht tfk dkspkrhtk strkmntfTfht wltf vhlm kccart strunngks ykt car glck2Fkr hres iamtrhitkd maw lm crultgkss strlck,

Maw wlgdgy ht cugg gkmntfTawhrds tfk irawd lm vhlm car plty sprkhd,

Tfky carik fkr am, tfky olmd fkr ta tfk dkhd.?>

Lm Oaab LL, Bkfheh iursks Ghdurghd ta hm ktkrmhg hnamy. Tfk iursk ls

farrlogy suoglek, hmd lts pawkrcug kcckit ls kmfhmikd oy lts sfart, sthiihta

rfyelmn glmks0?6

L ifhre tfy glckCrae tfk wkhpams ac strlck,Crae stamk hmd crae waad,Crae clrk hmd crae cgaad,Crae tfk skrpkmts taatf,Hmd tfk okhsts ac ogaad0

Crae Ylibmkss L ifhre tfkk,Hmd Tlek sfhgg mat fhre tfkk,

Out Khrtf wflif ls elmk,Lts crults sfhgg dkmy tfkk2

Hmd ^htkr sfhgg fkhr ek,Hmd bmaw tfkk hmd cgy tfkk2Hmd tfk ^lmds sfhgg mat tauif tfkk

^fkm tfky phss oy tfkk,Hmd tfk Dkws sfhgg mat wkt tfkk,

^fkm tfky chgg mlnf tfkk0Hmd tfau sfhgt skkb DkhtfTa rkgkhsk tfkk, lm vhlm2

Tfau sfhgt glvk lm tfy phlm,^flgk Bkfheh sfhgg rklnm,

^ltf h clrk lm tfy fkhrt,

Hmd h clrk lm tfy orhlm2Hmd Ygkkp sfhgg aoky ek,Hmd vlslt tfkk mkvkr,

Hmd tfk Iursk sfhgg ok am tfkkCar kvkr hmd kvkr.?

Lold.0 L, 8;:-8;; hmd 83?-8>?.?6Tfk Iursk ac Bkfheh. Oy _aokrt Yautfky, umslnmkd rkvlkw lm Tfk Xuhrtkrgy_kvlkw, ilt., p. 4>.

?


15/29

A. Ifhtslau, Xuathtlam, Zhrhtkxt hmd _aehmtli Arlkmthglse 9>

Yautfky whs hwhrk tfht tfk Natfli kiikmtrlilty hmd rkglnlaus

eamstraslty ac Bkfhehs vkry clrst Oaab waugd okwlgdkr hmd, passlogy, kmrhnk

fls Zratksthmt hudlkmik, hmd lmtraduik fleskgc hs hm hdvaihtk ac Flmdupagytfklse hmd lts olzhrrk Natfli rltuhgs. Hmtlilphtlmn tfksk umwkgiaek

rkhitlams, hmd okhrlmn lm elmd tfk gamn-sthmdlmn iamtravkrsy avkr shtl, fk

ehdk surk fk pghikd fleskgc am shck nraumd oy quatlmn crae lepkrlhglst

sifaghrs, suif hs tfk strlitgy Kvhmnkglihg Khst Lmdlh Iaephmy ifhpghlm,

Ighudlus Ouifhmhm (8>33-868;),9: wfa fhd autspabkmgy iamdkemkd tfk

lmsughr sailhg systke ac tfk Lmdlhm ihsts hmd tfk pawkr ac tfklr gkhdkrs, tfkOrhfelms, ta lepask hmd praphnhtk tfk prhitlik ac rltuhgs suif hs shtl. Lm fls

Ekealr lm tfk Kxpkdlkmiy ac hm Kiigkslhstlihg Ksthoglsfekmt car Orltlsf Lmdlh

(86:;), Ouifhmhm dwkggs am tfk (suppaskd) shvhnkry hmd irukgty ac Flmdu

iustaes hmd hrnuks tfht tfk Flmdu rkglnlam acckrs ma earhg lmstruitlam098

Crae h ghtk lmvkstlnhtlam lt hppkhrs, tfht tfk mueokr ac waekm wfa shirlcliktfkeskgvks wltflm tflrty elgks raumd Ihgiutth kvkry ykhr, ls, am hm hvkrhnk, upwhrds ac twafumdrkd. Tfk Zumdlts fhvk hgrkhdy okkm ihggkd am ta praduik tfk shmitlam ac tfklr Yfhstkrscar tfls iustae. Tfk phsshnks kxfloltkd hrk vhnuk hmd nkmkrhg lm tfklr ekhmlmn, hmddlcckrkmtgy lmtkrprktkd oy tfk shek ihsts. Yaek shirkd vkrsks iaeekmd tfk prhitlik, outmamk iaeehmd lt2 hmd tfk Zumdlts rkckr amik eark ta iustae. Tfky fhvk, fawkvkr,lmtlehtkd, tfht lc navkrmekmt wlgg phss h rknughtlam, hekrilmn oy clmk kvkry Orhfelm wfahttkmds h ourmlmn, ar kvkry Pkelmdhr wfa pkrelts fle ta httkmd lt, tfk prhitlik ihmmat

passlogy gamn iamtlmuk2 car tfht tfk ikrkeamy, umshmitlclkd oy tfk prkskmik ac tfk prlksts,wlgg gask lts dlnmlty hmd iamskqukmik lm tfk kyks ac tfk pkapgk.

9:Ouifhmhm ghoaurkd zkhgausgy car tfk praeatlam ac Ifrlstlhmlty hmd kduihtlamheamn tfk pkapgk ac Lmdlh. RLm 8>33-

868;)0 Khst Lmdlh Iaephmy ifhpghlm, lm Axcard Dlitlamhry ac Mhtlamhg Olanrhpfy7fttp0//www.axcarddmo.iae/vlkw/hrtligk/9698= Rhiiksskd ?? Ehrif ?::>U). Fkrkhctkriltkd hs ADMO.

98D. Y. _aokrts,Kdltars Matks, lm_YZ^, LS, pp. 9


16/29


Tfk ilvlglzkd wargd ehy kxpkit saam ta fkhr ac tfk hoagltlam ac tfls appraorlue ac hIfrlstlhm hdelmlstrhtlam, tfk ckehgk shirlclik2 wflif fhs suoslstkd, ta aur ikrthlm bmawgkdnk,slmik tfk tlek ac Hgkxhmdkr tfk Nrkht.9?

Ouifhmhms rk`kitlam ac shtl hs hm appraorlue ac h Ifrlstlhm

hdelmlstrhtlam iamtrags hmd iamthlms tfk clrst Oaabs Natfli suoglek, oy

fkgplmn dkeamstrhtk Yautfkys kvhmnkglihglse. Yautfky curtfkrs fls kxpasltlam

ac shtls ohrohrli eamstraslty oy iltlmn lts strhlnftcarwhrd rk`kitlam oy tfk

trhvkggkr hmd pfyslilhm Crhmials Okrmlkr (83?;-8366) lm fls Trhvkgs lm tfk

Eanug Keplrk(86?3)0

Ht Ghfar, L shw h vkry fhmdsaek hmd h vkry yaumn waehm ourmt2 L okglkvk sfk whsmat hoavk twkgvk ykhrs ac hnk. Tfls paar umfhppy irkhturk hppkhrkd rhtfkr dkhd tfhm hglvkwfkm sfk ihek mkhr tfk plgk2 sfk sfaab hmd wkpt olttkrgy. Ekhmwflgk, tfrkk ar caur ac tfkskkxkiutlamkrs, tfk Orhelms, hgtanktfkr wltf hm agd fhn tfht fkgd fkr umdkr tfk hre, tfrust fkram, hmd ehdk fkr slt dawm upam tfk waad2 hmd, gkst, sfk sfaugd rum hwhy, tfky tlkd fkr gknshmd fhmds2 hmd sa tfky ourmt fkr hglvk. L fhd kmaunf ta da ta iamthlm eyskgc carlmdlnmhtlam.99

Tfraunf tfk vlvld dkeamstrhtlam ac Flmdu fkhtfkmlsf ohrohrlse, tfk

kxtrhit lepgliltgy hdvaihtks tfk urnkmiy ac Lmdlhs kvhmnkglzlmn oy tfk Orltlsf

elsslamhrlks. Yautfky curtfkr suosthmtlhtks fls matks mkiksshry kvhmnkglihglse

oy thblmn sldks avkr tfk shtl-iamtravkrsy hmd dkmaumilmn hmy tagkrhmik ac lt.

Fk clrst `uxthpasks dHgoaqukrquks kvhmnkglihglse hnhlmst Iagamkg Ehrb

^lgbss (8>3:-8698) rkglnlaus tagkrhmik lm fls Flstarlihg Ybktifks ac tfk Yautf

ac Lmdlh (86::-8684), hmd tfkm apkmgy rk`kits tfk ghttkrs wlgglmnmkss ta tagkrhtk

shtl0

^fkm tfk nrkht Hgoaqukrquk fhs ksthoglsfkd fleskgc ht Nah, fk carohdk tfkskhiiurskd shirlcliks, tfk waekm kxtaggkd fle hs tfklr okmkchitar hmd dkglvkrkr, RU hmd maKurapkhm lm Lmdlh whs kvkr sa papughr, ar sa rkvkrkd oy tfk mhtlvks. \kt, lc wk hrk ta okglkvktfk hmtl-elsslamhrlks, mamk out caags, chmhtlis, hmd prktkmdkrs ta fuehmlty waugd wlsf ta

9?Lold., p. 8.99Lold., p. 8


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93_YZ^, LS, pp. ?:3-?:> hmd p. ?86.9>Lold., p. 8


20/29

Zhragk _uohtk / Zurgalmkd Gkttkrs4?

^k sfaugd mat carnkt tfht Yautfky iamiklvkd tfls nrhmd gltkrhry sifkek

lm hm krh wfkm tfk Zratksthmt Kmnglsf hudlkmik whs vkry umkhsy wltf tfk

matlam ac h suoglek phnhm rkglnlaus eytfagany, gkt hgamk lts skrlaus partrhyhg lmhm kpli pake, wflif, hs h nkmrk, ihrrlkd ac iaursk tfk lmdlspkmshogk fkhvy

wklnft ac tfk Ifrlstlhm trhdltlam ac tfk Orltlsf ksthoglsfkd ifurif. Tfk Orltlsf

elddgk ighss whmtkd ta prkskrvk h strlit dlvlslam oktwkkm supkrstltlam

rkghtkd ta phnhmlse, _aehm Ihtfaglilse, hmd tfk warblmn ighss hmd hm

Hmnglihm, rhtlamhg care ac Ifrlstlhmlty, purnkd ac ehmy ac tfk supkrmhturhg

kgkekmts wflif fhd okkm tfk ehlmsthy ac Ifrlstlhm hrt. Eadkrm Hmnglihmlsewhs sa rhtlamhg h rkglnlam tfht Yautfky fhd ta na ta tfk rkglnlams ac tfk wargd ta

skkb tfk eytfagany wflif waugd lmsplrk fls paktry.

_kglnlam whs ht tfk ikmtrk ac fls vaihtlam hs hm kpli pakt. Fk whmtkd ta

suiikkd Elgtam, out fls lehnlmhtlam whs sleugthmkausgy clrkd oy

Kmglnftkmekmt iaephrhtlvlse hmd Kvhmnkglihg ckrvaur. Tfk strunngk hnhlmst

Crhmik mat ekrkgy lm tfk Mhpagkamli whrs out eark leparthmtgy lm lepkrlhgrlvhgry praduikd tfk drkhe ac h Orlthlm ilvlglslmn tfk wargd tfraunf rkglnlam.

Tfls flstarlihg iamtkxtuhglzhtlam ac Yautfkys gltkrhry dkslnm rkvkhgs twa

vkry leparthmt hspkits ac fls hutfarlhg ldkmtlty. Clrst ac hgg, lt sfaws faw rlsby

Yautfkys httkept whs. Fk whs chr eark iaurhnkaus hmd hdvkmturaus tfhm fls

irltlis, ar Oyram, hituhggy nhvk fle irkdlt car. Lt hgsa rkvkhgs fls chsilmhtlam

wltf Flmdulse, hmd fls dktkrelmhtlam ta kxpgark hmd wrltk hoaut lt, rknhrdgkss

ac fls iamtkeparhrlks rkglnlaus tkmdkmilks. ^k sfaugd matk fkrk tfk kxtrhit

crae Nkarnk ^ltfkrs 83??-pake Chlr-Slrtuk, tfk Elstrkssk ac ZflgHrktktfht

Yautfky prkclxks hs hm kplnrhe ta Bkfheh096

96 E. AIhgghnfhm, Nkarnk ^ltfkr (8;66-833>), pakt, lm ADMO7fttp0//www.axcarddmo.iae/vlkw/hrtligk/?


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Car L wlgg car ma ehms pgkhsurkIfhmnk h sygghogk ar ekhsurk2Zkdhmts sfhgg mat tlk ey strhlmsTa aur hmtlquk pakts vklms2Oklmn oarm hs crkk hs tfksk,L wlgg slmn hs L sfhgg pgkhsk.9


22/29


aiiurrkd ht amk ac tfksk shirlcliks2 Tfkrk hrk, shys tfls kxikggkmt hutfar Rl.k. Nkarnk NghsU4?amgy tfrkk caumthlms ac whtkr lm tfk wfagk lsghmd.49

Lt hgsa fhs eark slnmlclihmt ragks, suif hs dkohtlmn hmd/ar ksthoglsflmn

tfk hutfkmtlilty hmd irkdlolglty ac fls ar atfkrs warbs. Car lmsthmik, lm tfk matk

tfht kghoarhtks am tfk eytf ac tfk _hlmlmn Trkk,44 Yautfky kvabks fls

umolhskd rkskhrif prlmilpgks oy prkskmtlmn sauriks wflif oatf hsskrt hmd dauot

tfk irkdlolglty ac tfk eytf0

Ckyaa4;

dkmlks tfk kxlstkmik ac hmy suif trkk, upam tfk hutfarlty ac Thgghmdlkr, hCrkmif @ksult RU wfa vlsltkd tfk lsghmd. RU ^fht hutfarlty ls duk ta tfk tkstleamy ac tflsCrkmif @ksult L da mat bmaw, mkvkr fhvlmn skkm fls oaab2 out lt hppkhrs, crae tfk umdauotkdkvldkmik ac Nghs, tfht lts kxlstkmik ls okglkvkd lm tfk Ihmhrlks, hmd pasltlvkgy hcclrekd oy tfklmfholthmts ac Clkra ltskgc.43

Lm h matk fk hddkd lm Bkfhehs 8696 kdltlam, hmtlilphtlmn hmy ifhrnks

ac pghnlhrlse, fk tkstlclks ta tfk arlnlmhglty ac tfk lmildkmt ac Ghdurghds

dkskrtlam ac Bhlgyhg oy carehggy dkmylmn lts dupglihtlam crae Fkmry FhrtElgehms pakeMhgh hmd Dhehyhmtl(869;)04>

Tfls phrt ac tfk pake fhs okkm ikmsurkd, upam tfk nraumd tfht Ghdurghds iamduitlm tfus carshblmn fls dhunftkr ls lmiamslstkmt wltf fls hcckitlam car fkr. Tfkrk ls h phsshnk lmEr. Elggehms vkrslam ac Mhgh Rtfk chtfkrU hmd Dhehyhmtl Rtfk dhunftkrU sa iurlausgyrkskeoglmn lt lm tfk sltuhtlam ac tfk twa pkrsams, tfht hmy amk elnft suppask L fhd lelthtkdtfk Yhmsirlt, lc Bkfheh fhd mat okkm puoglsfkd clvk hmd twkmty ykhrs okcark Er. Elgehms

4? Nghs whs h iugtlvhtkd ehm. Fls trhmsghtlam crae h ehmusirlpt ac @. Horku dkNhglmdh, h Crhmilsihm ac Hmdhguslh, tfkm rkikmtgy caumd ht Zhgeh, Hm Hiiaumt ac tfk

Dlsiavkry hmd Flstary ac tfk Ihmhry Lsghmds, whs puoglsfkd lm 8>34 (K. Ohlnkmt, Nghs,Nkarnk, (8>?;-8>3;), ehrlmkr, lm ADMO 7fttp0//www.axcarddmo.iae/vlkw/hrtligk/8:>=Rhiiksskd 9: Mavkeokr ?::>U).

49_YZ^, LS, pp. 8, 834), Tfkhtra Irltlia [mlvkrshg, Sag. ?,

Dlsiursa Yknumda, skitlam 3; (D. Y. _aokrts,Kdltars Matks, ilt., p. 4:8).43

_YZ^, LS, p. ?8?.4>Crae F. F. Elgehm,Mhgh hmd Dhehyhmtl hmd Atfkr Zakes, Oaab V (Gamdam,869;), pp. ?>-


23/29

A. Ifhtslau, Xuathtlam, Zhrhtkxt hmd _aehmtli Arlkmthglse 4;

east ifhrhitkrlstli spkilekm ac Lmdlhm paktry. Lmdkkd, lt ls ta fle tfht L he aoglnkd carpalmtlmn aut tfls vkry slmnughr ialmildkmik.46

Lm hmatfkr matk dlsiusslmn Tfk Ifhrlat ac Nad wflif ihrrlkd Bhlgyhg

ta tfk tkepgk ac @hnh-Mhut, Yautfky ikrtlclks lts kxhnnkrhtkd slzk, hmd, oy

kxtkmslam, `ustlclks Flmdu suoglelty0

Tfk slzk ac tfk ifhrlat ls mat kxhnnkrhtkd. Ypkhblmn ac atfkr suif, Mlkihep4


24/29


Yautfky iaepgkekmts tfls umdkriuttlmn ac Bkfhehs Flmdu

kxtrhvhnhmik wltf fls orlkc, tfaunf kxpglilt, irltlilses ac tfk suppaskd

gudliraus kxhnnkrhtlams ac Flmdu iugturk. Ylelghrgy ta fls hcarkekmtlamkdkxpglilt iamdkemhtlam ac shtl hmd Ifhrgks ^lgbss rkglnlaus tagkrhmik tawhrds

lt, fk phtramlzlmngy dkmaumiks tfk Flmdu trhdltlam car rayhg hppkgghtlam Ma

pkrsam fhs nlvkm sa iaepgktk h shepgk ac tfk hosurdlty ac arlkmthg tltgks hs tfk

Dutif trhvkggkr Ytruys,;4 lm fls kmuekrhtlam ac tfk praud hmd oghspfkeaus

tltgks ac tfk Blmn ac Ylhe hmd kxpasks tfk suoglelty ac Flmdu rkglnlaus

eytfagany lm rkckrkmik ta tfk gknkmds surraumdlmn Ykkvhs irkhtlam Tfraunfaut tfk Flmdaa chogks tfkrk ls tfk iamsthmt elsthbk ac ougb car

suoglelty.;;

Hgtfaunf Yautfkys irltlquk ac Flmdulses suoglelty ls vkry kxpglilt lm

tfk ihsks wfkrk fk usks fls awm valik, fls httltudk tawhrds Flmdulse okiaeks

rhtfkr heolnuaus wfkm fk ifaasks ta nlvk prkikdkmik ta fls muekraus

hmtlquhrlhm sauriks, wflif, hs wk ekmtlamkd khrglkr, chgg umdkr twaldkaganlihggy dlvkrnkmt nraups shmitlamlmn twa appaslmn vlkws ac tfk Arlkmt0

tfk raehmtli hmd tfk Hmnglihm ar utlglthrlhm. Yautfky usks fls sauriks lm h

vkry kguslvk ehmmkr. Fk ihutlausgy hvalds oklmn plmpalmtkd hs kltfkr

kxiguslvkgy kvhmnkglihg, ar hmtl-kvhmnkglihg, oy supprksslmn hmy

strhlnftcarwhrd hmd kxpglilt iaeekmthry am sauriks okgamnlmn ta kltfkr ac tfk

twa nraups. Earkavkr, tfkrk ls hm hoskmik ac quathtlam ehrbs lm muekraus

quathtlams wflif ihusks tfk leprksslam ac Yautfky hppraprlhtlmn, hmd

tfkrkcark shmitlamlmn, oatf nraups. Ehmy hutfarlhg Ls, ehy ok vkry khslgy

elsiamstrukd hs Yautfkys awm hutfarlhg ar kdltarlhg L. Car lmsthmik, lm tfk

hcarkekmtlamkd quathtlam wfkrk Ighudlus Ouifhmhm iamdkems tfk prhitlik ac

;4 @hm Ytruys, Tfk Sayhnks hmd Trhvkgs ac @afm Ytruys, trhms. @afm Earrlsam

(Gamdam, 8369) RU. @hm Ytruys (d. 83


25/29

A. Ifhtslau, Xuathtlam, Zhrhtkxt hmd _aehmtli Arlkmthglse 4>

shtl tfk ilvlglzkd wargd ehy kxpkit saam ta fkhr ac tfk hoagltlam ac tfls

appraorlue ac h Ifrlstlhm hdelmlstrhtlam, tfk ckehgk shirlclik2 wflif fhs

suoslstkd, ta aur ikrthlm bmawgkdnk, slmik tfk tlek ac Hgkxhmdkr tfk Nrkht hgtfaunf, Yautfky iltks Ouifhmhms mhek ht tfk kmd ac tfk quathtlam, tfk chit

tfht fk daks mat usk quathtlam ehrbs, ar hmy atfkr skphrhtlmn ehrbs sunnksts

fls lmtkmtlam, iamsilaus ar umiamsilaus, ta prkskmt Ouifhmhms irltlilse hs fls

awm.;3 Lm h slelghr chsflam, Yautfky hgsa hppraprlhtks quathtlams oy hmtl-

kvhmnkglihgs, suif hs @amks ar Eaar. Oy glctlmn tfk quathtlam ehrbs, Yautfky

umdkrelmks hmd supprkssks tfk quathtlams dlstlmit hutfarsflp. Tfls hggaws fletfk crkkdae ta htthif fls kdltarlhg valik ta hmy quathtlam, kltfkr ac utlglthrlhm ar

symirktlstli dlspasltlams.

Tfk matks kepfhslzkd chituhglty hmd flstarlilty skkelmngy dlelmlsf tfk

Flmdulses eamstraus suoglek, hmd pratkit Bkfheh crae oklmn hssailhtkd

wltf h pravablmngy kxtrhvhnhmt hmd hosurd khstkrm supkrstltlam. Fawkvkr,

Yautfkys phrhtkxtuhg flstarlilzlmn pra`kit hmd fls lmltlhg ao`kitlvk ta iamthlmtfk Flmdu suoglek hrk iaumtkrhitkd oy tfk lmtraduitlam ac eytf hmd lts

hkstfktli ac tfk ehrvkggaus. Clitlam ighsfks wltf chit, rk-lmvablmn tfk suoglek

khstkrm kxatlilse wflif tfk matks chits hmd kvldkmik hrk trylmn ta iamthlm.

Tfk tkre hiiaumt ls aiihslamhggy rkpghikd oy tfk tkre stary, wflif fhs

gaask skehmtli hssailhtlams, vkrnlmn sleugthmkausgy am tfk appaslmn matlams

ac flstary, am tfk amk fhmd, hmd chogk, ar eytf, am tfk atfkr.

Tfkrkcark, Yautfky kghoarhtks am tfk rkglnlaus eytf ac tfk Ngkmdavkkrs

tfk ikgkstlhg iflgdrkm ac Ihsyhph ;>oy pravldlmn tfk mkngkitkd staryac

Zktkr ^lgblms.;6 Hiiardlmngy, fk kghoarhtks am tfk eytf ac tfk Yflp ac

;3Lold., p. 8.;>Ihsyhph ls tfk Chtfkr ac tfk Leearthgs (lold., p. >).;6Lold., p. ?:4 (ey lthglis).


26/29


Fkhvkm;


27/29

A. Ifhtslau, Xuathtlam, Zhrhtkxt hmd _aehmtli Arlkmthglse 4) wflif fk puoglsfkd lm 868: lm tfk shek ykhr fk

puoglsfkd Bkfheh, hmd fk hgsa oknhm rkvlkwlmn car tfk Xuhrtkrgy _kvlkw

(86:6).

Lt ls aovlaus tfht Yautfky iamsthmtgy eavkd oktwkkm chituhglty hmd

clitlamhglty. Fk hgwhys iaeolmkd tfk ragk ac tfk chituhg sifaghr hmd flstarlhmhmd tfk lehnlmhtlvk ragk ac tfk pakt. Lm rkghtlam ta tfls skk tfk caggawlmn kxtrhit

crae fls gkttkr ta fls crlkmd @afm _libehm am @hmuhry ?9, 86:;0

Yfaugd ey [migk ok drlvkm crae Zartunhg, hmd ey dkslnm ac nalmn avkr lmiamskqukmik crustrhtkd, L sfaugd put tfk clrst vaguek ta prkss lm tfk iaursk ac mkxt wlmtkr. Acehtkrlhgs hrrhmnkd hmd umhrrhmnkd car tfk skvkrhg dlvlslams, L fhvk eark tfhm hs euif hswaugd ehbk skvkm suif vagueks hs tfk Yfhramlihg h nrkht ihplthg ac ghoaur gylmn dkhd.

^ltf tfk mkkdcug warbs ac rkckrkmik ht fhmd, matflmn eark ls rkqulrkd tfhm ta trhmsirloktfke car tfk prlmtkr, car L fhvk hgg tfk hrrhmnkekmt ektfadlzkd lm ey awm elmd, hmd iaugdclt lm tfk mkw ehttkr ta lts pghik hs L wratk am. L he iamcldkmt tfht tfk warb ls wfht lt aunft ta

ok, fhvlmn caggawkd tfls car ey rugk ta rkghtk kvkry tflmn hmd ta wrltk clrst hs lmtkggl RsliU mhy yau sfhgg fhvk lt lm h Trlhd tfk tfrkk kxikggkmilks ac flstarlihg iaepasltlam ghmnuhnk hs lmtkgglnlogk hs passlogk. Matflmn pravabks ek glbk h whstk ac wards. Ek `udlikRsliU L he h naad pakt out h okttkr flstarlhm, hmd tfk okttkr car fhvlmn okkm hiiustaekd tackkg hmd tflmb hs h pakt. H mkw out fhpplgy h ghst ihrna lmtkrruptkd ek `ust hs L whs skttlmn ta.Tfky hrk hgeast blggkd acc, hmd ekhmtlek L fhd iaggkitkd ehttkr car h ifhptkr am tfkFlmdaas.39

Tfk iaepasltlam ac tfk Flstary ac Zartunhg ialmildks wltf tfk

iaepasltlam ac hmd rkskhrif am Bkfheh, ar tfk Flmdaas. Yautfkys chituhg

dlspasltlam ialmildks hmd ogkmds wltf tfk irkhtlvk amk. Fk hsskrts tfls styglstli

fyorldlty oy ighlelmn tfht fk ls h naad pakt okihusk fk ls h naad flstarlhm hmd

vlik-vkrsh. H iaephrlsam oktwkkm tfk Flstary ac Zartunhg hmd Bkfhehs

matkspravks tfht fk hppglks fls ektfadlihg mhturk, hmd fls rkckrkmtlhg systke,

39Mkw Gkttkrs ac _aokrt Yautfky, ilt., vag. L, p. 9>3.


28/29

Zhragk _uohtk / Zurgalmkd Gkttkrs;:

ar, ta usk fls awm wards, fls rugk ta rkghtk kvkry tflmn mat amgy lm tfk

iamtkxt ac flstary, out hgsa lm tfht ac paktry. Car Yautfky, chituhglty hmd

clitlamhglty trhmsikmd tfk iamvkmtlamhg tfkarktlihg nkmrk-dlstlmitlams hmdihtknarlzhtlams hmd na hgwhys fhmd lm fhmd.

Lm iamiguslam, Yautfkys lmtrlihtk hrt ac quathtlam ls ikmtrhg ta tfk

dkvkgapekmt hmd pra`kitlam ac fls hutfarlhg ldkmtlty hmd puogli pkrsamh,

kmhoglmn fle ta rkvkhg hs wkgg hs iamikhg hspkits ac fls iaepgkx saila-pagltlihg

hmd rkglnlaus ldkagany, iamtragglmn tfk rkhdkrs pkrikptlams hmd ehmakuvrlmn

tfklr hssueptlams. Zhrhtkxt hmd quathtlam hrk lmtknrhg, carehtlvk hspkits ac_aehmtli Arlkmthglse hmd _aehmtli-pkrlad paktlis, lggustrhtlmn tfk fyorldlty

hmd dlvkrslty ac tfk _aehmtli nkmlus hmd _aehmtli paktli irkhtlam, hmd

ifhggkmnlmn iaeeam hssueptlams hoaut h suoglek, umlvkrshg _aehmtli-pkrlad

paktry. _aehmtlilses Zurgalmkd Gkttkrs rksamhtk lts stramn iammkitlam ta

flstary hmd chituhglty, rkvkrokrhtlmn tfklr hmtlquhrlhm rhtlamhglse hmd chituhglty

amta tfk ehlm paktli tkxt, upskttlmn, ar dkiamstruitlmn lts raehmtli skmslolgltyhmd arlkmthg kxatlilse.Flstarlhar chituhglty ls lramlihggy iaupgkd wltfchough

ar eytf hmd hrtcug rkpraduitlam wltf lehnlmhtlvk lmvkmtlam. Zhrhtkxt pravldks

hm ksskmtlhg ekhms tawhrds h eark muhmikd umdkrsthmdlmn ac _aehmtli-pkrlad

gltkrhturk hmd, am h orahdkr gkvkg, dkehmds h mkw ektfad hmd pkrspkitlvk

tawhrds h eark iaeprkfkmslvk hmhgysls ac clitlamhg gltkrhturk.


29/29

Iapyrlnft ?:8:

Zhragk ruohtk. _lvlsth lmtkrmhzlamhgk dl studl suggh ilthzlamk /

Zurgalmkd Gkttkrs Hm Lmtkrmhtlamhg @aurmhg ac Xuathtlam Ytudlks

issue nr. 2: 02. quotation, paratext and romantic orientalism: robert southey's "the curse of...

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