issue 1 the germans retreated until they found good defensive positions where they could ‘dig...
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Issue 1
The Germans retreated until they found good defensive positions where they
could ‘dig in’ and build defensive trenches.
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A basic trench was simply a deep ditch dug by soldiers to protect themselves.• It was also used to make it easier to defend
their position.
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Officers dugout
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When the British and French forces met the German defences , they to
dug trenches to protect themselves.
• The trench line eventually went for 600 miles from the English channel to the Swiss border.
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As the winter dragged on into 1915 the Western Front became bogged
down in trench warfare
• Each side pounded the other with artillery.• The ground became boggy and hard to get
over.• Barded wire and machine guns made defence
easier.
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For most of the next four years neither side managed a decisive
breakthrough.
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What was trench warfare like?
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Letters home from soldiers all report living with noise, itching,
boredom and mud.
• Most letters do not describe the possibility of death at any moment from a mortar shell or sniper fire.
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Soldiers did not live in the trenches throughout the war week after
week.• Most Scottish soldiers were used in a rotation
system.• If a Jock (Scottish soldier) was in a front line
trench on a Monday he would be ‘rotated’ back to a reserve and then rest and recovery position by the following weekend.
• By the next weekend he would have been reserve and then rotated back to the front line.
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When troops were moved back from the front line..
• Uniforms were debugged of lice, washed, ironed and exchanged if too badly infested.
• Troops were eating, sleeping , fighting and dying in muddy holes in the ground.
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Soldiers realised that the war would not be over by Christmas,
nor probably the next one..• The Western Front was a deadlock!• This meant that troops would be sent ‘over
the top’ in attempts to break the enemy trenches.
• Until 1918 these attacks mainly ended in high casualties.