issn # 2414 parliamentary research digest parliamentary rd july... · the event commenced with...

Parliamentary Research Digest J U L Y - A U G U S T , 2 0 1 7 V O L U M E 4 , I S S U E 0 7 - 0 8

I N SI DE THI S

I SSU E:

Editorial The dawn of August 2017 marks the 70 years of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan’s resilient existence as an independent state established on the eve of 14th August, 1947 in the astute leadership of the father of the Nation Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Today, there is an emerging realization among all stake-holders that the salvation of 200 million plus Pakistanis depends on functioning of delivering democracy. This path necessitates centrality of representative democratic institution and puts the Parliament at the heart of nations’ future which lies in following Pakistan’s National Narrative of peace, tolerance and fra-ternity as envisioned by country’s founding fathers and the consensus Constitution of 1973. This July-August special issue of PIPS Parliamentary Research Digest traces back the defining milestones achieved in the first Session of the first Constituent Assembly of Pakistan from 10-12th August, 1947 as the first Institution of the country, which laid the foundation of Constitution as well as the model govern-ance framework for the new country. The digest also includes absorbing articles on recommendations of Celebration of National Youth Day at PIPS on August 8, 2017; the rightful struggle of Kashmiris for self-determination, gender responsive budgeting and challenges of illegal wildlife trade from Pakistan. We are really encouraged by the kind words of appreciation we have received from our readers. Accord-ingly and as guided by PIPS BoG and worthy Executive Director, we have given a new outlook to the digest to celebrate the 70 years of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. For any specific areas of importance that you want PIPS to send you research or briefing papers, contact us at [email protected]. As we celebrate Pakistan@70, every institution and individual will have to contribute within clearly laid out Constitutional parameters to synergize the mission of an egalitarian and happy society set by our proud Quaid e Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah and aspired by more than 4 lac innocent unarmed civilian population who were massacred during migration to the land of purity on eve of 14 th August, 1947. A Blissful Happy Independence and Eid Ul Azha for all!

Muhammad Rashid Mafzool Zaka

Director (Research and I.T)

PARLIAMENTARY

HISTORY

Quaid-e-Azam

Muhammad Ali

Jinnah’s Inaugural

Address August 11,

1947

Page 01

Milestones of First Session of

Parliament of Pakistan Page 08

OPINION

Illegal Wildlife Trade

in Pakistan

1

ANALYSIS

Burhan Wani: New

Age of Kashmir

Struggle

Page 19

CONCEPT

Gender Responsive

Budgeting

Page 23

Editorial Board

Editor:

Muhammad Rashid

Mafzool Zaka

Sub Editor:

Ms. Tehseen Khalid

Members:

Ms.Fakiha Mehmood

M.Rizwan Manzoor

ISSN # 2414-8040

Honorable Sardar Ayaz Sadiq, Speaker National Assembly/ President PIPS BoG, former Speakers

Syed Fakhar Imam, Gohar Ayub Khan, Jawad Rafique Malik, Secretary National Assembly and

Mr. Zafarullah Khan, Executive Director PIPS in Parliament at 70 Celebrations, August 10, 2017

mailto:[email protected]

Parliamentary dialogue on “Youth Building peace”

Ms. Samra Minhaj, Young Parliamentary Subject Expert, PIPS

On the eve of International Youth Day-2017, a parliamentary dialogue on “Youth Building peace” was held at Pakistan Institute for Parliamentary Services in collaboration with the Young Parliamentarians Forum of the National Parliament on August 08, 2017.

The event commenced with recitation of verses from the Holy Quran followed by National Anthem of Pakistan. The dialogue included three plenaries and two breakout sessions. Panelists included Senator Farhatullah Babar; Ms. Shaza Fatima Khwaja, MNA; Mr. Malik Muhammad Uzair Khan, MNA; Senator Mr. Osman Saifullah Khan; Mr Shehryar Khan Afridi, MNA; Senator Ayesha Raza Farooq; Mr. Ihsan Ghani, National Coordinator, National Counter Terrorism Authority, Mr. Zafarullah Khan, Executive Director, PIPS and Mr. Muhammad Rashid Mafzool Zaka, Director Research and IT, PIPS.

The event was attended by around 150 participants including Members of the Parliament, academia, and diplomatic community along with a large gathering of students from 25 universities and colleges from all over Pakistan.

Continued on last inner cover

Pakistan Institute for Parliamentary Services 2017

PIPS Parliamentary Research Digest- Volume: 4, Issue: 07-08 Page 1

PARLIAMENTARY HISTORY

INAUGURAL ADDRESS Honourable Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah

As the First President/Speaker,

Constituent Assembly of Pakistan Monday, August 11, 1947

Mr. President (Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah):

Ladies and Gentlemen, I cordially thank you, with the utmost sincerity, of the honour you have conferred upon me -the greatest honour that it is possible for this Sovereign Assembly' to confer -by electing me as your first President. I also thank those leaders who have spoken in appreciation of my services and their personal references to me. I sincerely hope that with your support and your co-operation we shall make this Constituent Assembly an example to' the world.

The Constituent Assembly has got two main functions to perform. The first is the very onerous and responsible task of framing our future constitution of Pakistan and the second of functioning as a full and complete Sovereign body as the Federal Legislature of Pakistan. We have to do the best we can in adopting a provisional constitution for the Federal Legislature of Pakistan. You know really that not only we ourselves are wondering but, I think, the whole world is wondering at this unprecedented cyclonic revolution which has brought about the plan of creating and establishing two independent Sovereign Dominions in this sub-continent. As it is, it has been unprecedented; there is no parallel in the history of the world. This mighty sub-continent with all kinds of inhabitants has been brought under a plan which is titanic, unknown, unparalleled. And what is very important with regard to it is that we have achieved it peacefully and by means of a revolution of the greatest possible character.

Dealing with our first function in this Assembly, I cannot make any well considered pronouncement at this moment, but I shall say a few things as they occur to me. The first and the foremost thing that I would like to emphasize is this-remember that you are now a



Sovereign legislative body and you have got all the powers. It, therefore, places on you the gravest responsibility as to how you should take your decisions.

The first observation that I would like to make is this. You will no doubt agree with me that the first duty of a Government is to maintain law and order, so that the life, property and religious beliefs of its subjects are fully protected by the State.

The second thing that occurs to me is this. One of the biggest curses from which India is suffering - I do not say that other countries are free from it, but, I think, our condition is much worse - is bribery and corruption. (Hear, hear.) That really is a poison. We must put that down with an iron hand and I hope that you will take adequate measures as soon as it is possible for this Assembly to do so. Black-marketing is another curse. Well, I know that black-marketeers are frequently caught and punished. According to our judicial notions sentences are passed, and sometimes fines only are imposed. Now you have to tackle this monster which today is a colossal crime against society, in our distressed conditions, when we constantly face shortage of food and or the essential commodities of life. A citizen who does black-marketing commits, I think, a greater crime than the biggest and most grievous of crimes. These black-marketeers are really knowing, intelligent and ordinarily responsible people, and when they indulge in black-marketeering, I think they ought to be very severely punished, because they undermine the entire system of control and regulation of food-stuffs and essential commodities, and cause wholesale starvation and want and even death.

The next thing that strikes me is this. Here again is a legacy which has been passed on to us. Along with many other things good and bad, has arrived this great evil - the evil of nepotism and jobbery. This evil must be crushed relentlessly. I want to make it quite clear that I shall never tolerate any kind of jobbery, nepotism or any influence directly or indirectly brought to bear upon me. Wherever I find that such a practice is in vogue, or is continuing anywhere, low or high, I shall certainly not countenance it.

I know there are people who do not quite agree with the division of India and the partition of the Punjab and Bengal. Much has been said against it, but now that it has been accepted, it is the duty of every one of us to loyally abide by it and honourably act according to the agreement which is now final and binding on all. But you must remember, as I have said, that this mighty revolution that has taken place is unprecedented. One can quite understand the feeling that exists between the two communities wherever one community is in majority and the other is in minority. But the question is whether it was possible or practicable to act otherwise than, has been done. A division had to take place.

On both sides, in Hindustan and Pakistan, there are sections of people who may not agree with it, who may not like it, but in my judgment there was no other solution and I am sure future history will record its verdict in favour of it. And what is more it will be proved by actual experience as we go on that that was the only solution of India's constitutional problem. Any idea of a United India could never have worked, and in my judgment it would have led us to terrific disaster. May be that view is correct; may be it is not; that remains to be seen. All the same, in this division it was impossible to avoid the questions of minorities being in one Dominion or the other. Now that was unavoidable. There is no other solution.

Now what shall we do? Now, if we want to make this great State of Pakistan happy and prosperous we should wholly and solely concentrate on the well-being of the people, and especially of the masses and the poor. If you will work in co-operation, forgetting the past,



burying the hatchet, you are bound to succeed. If you change your past and work together in a spirit that ever, one of you, no matter to what community he belongs, no matter what relations he had with you in the past, no matter what is his colour, caste or creed, is first, second and last a citizen of this State with equal rights: privileges and obligations, there will be no end to the progress you will make, I cannot emphasize it too much.

We should begin to work in that spirit and in course of time all these angularities of the majority and minority communities - the Hindu community and the Muslim community - because even as regards Muslims you have Pathans, Punjabis, Shias, Sunnis and so on and among the Hindus you have Brahmins, Vashnavas, Khatris, also Bengalese, Madrasis and so on-will vanish. Indeed if you ask me this has been the biggest hindrance in the way of India to attain its freedom and independence and but for this we would have been free peoples long long ago.

No power can hold another nation, and specially a nation of 400 million, souls in subjection; nobody could have conquered you, and even if it had happened, nobody could have continued its hold on you for any length of time but for this. (Applause) Therefore we must learn a lesson from this.

„You are free; you are free to go to your temples, you are free to go to your mosques or to any other places of worship in this State of Pakistan. You may belong to any religion or caste or creed-that has nothing to do with the business of the State (Hear, hear). As you know, history shows that in England conditions sometimes ago were much worse than those prevailing in India to-day. The Roman Catholics and the Protestants persecuted each other. Even now there are some States in existence where there are discriminations made and bars imposed against' a particular class. Thank God we are not starting in those days.

We are starting in the days when there is no discrimination, no distinction between one community and another, no discrimination between one caste or creed and another. We are starting with this fundamental principle that we are all citizens and equal citizens of one State. (Loud applause)

The people of England in course of time had to face the realities of the situation and had to discharge the responsibilities and burdens placed upon them by the government of their country and they went through that fire step by step. Today you might, say, with justice that Roman Catholics and Protestants do not exist: what exits now is that every man is a citizen, an equal citizen, of Great Britain and they are all members of the nation. Now, I think we should keep that in front of us as our ideal and you will find that in course of time Hindus would cease to be Hindus and Muslims would cease to be Muslims, not in the religious sense, because that is the personal faith of each individual, but in the political sense as citizens of the State.

Well, gentlemen, I do not, wish to take up any more of your time and thank you again for the honor you have done to me. I shall always be guided by the principles of justice and fair-play without any, as is put in the political language, prejudice or ill-will, in other words partiality or favoritism. My guiding principle will he justice and complete impartiality, and I am sure that with your support and co-operation, I can look forward to Pakistan becoming one of the greatest Nations of the world (Loud applause.)



CELEBRATING PARLIAMENT AT 70 YEARS OF PAKISTAN

August 10-11, 2017 As envisioned by the Honourable Speaker National Assembly/President PIPS Board of Governors Sardar Ayaz Sadiq a two day Conference to celebrate 70 years of the Parliament, was held at the Pakistan Institute for Parliamentary Services (PIPS). Enlightening and insightful reflections upon the history of Parliament were shared by the keynote speakers of the session. Honourable Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan Sardar Ayaz Sadiq inaugurated the Conference and former Speakers Syed Fakhar Imam and Gohar Ayub were the Guests of the Honour. Day One – Thursday, August 10, 2017: The proceedings commenced with National Anthem and recitation of verses from the Holy Quran by Ms Samra Minhaj. Executive Director Pakistan Institute for Parliamentary Services, Mr. Zafarullah Khan shared his welcome remarks in which he reflected upon the historic moments of Parliament and appreciated the initiatives and efforts taken by former and current speakers of National Assembly of Pakistan. Around 120 parliamentary experts from National Assembly, Senate, members of civil society and students participated in the event. Mr Muhammad Rashid Mafzool Zaka, Director Research and IT was the Moderator of the inaugural session. He shared how the founding fathers set up the unprecedented self-example from the first day when a non-Muslim Dalit MP Hon. Jogendra Nath Mandal, elected temporary Chairman presided the 1st Constituent Assembly of Pakistan on Sunday 10 am on 10th August, 1947. This is clear manifestation of the fact that Pakistan holds all citizens in equality with no discrimination against ant strata of society from its very creation. Former Speaker National Assembly of Pakistan Syed Fakhar Imam shed light on the constitutional and political history of Pakistan. While sharing his insight he stressed upon the need of reforms in institutions and democratization of system. He also shared his famous ruling against martial law and a 300 years old precedent in UK House of Commons which applied right of taxation and appropriations lies with the elected Parliament. He shared that money matters specifically are decided by National Assembly and not the Senate because it is a directly elected House of the people whose Speaker has the authority to decide regarding any money matter. He was categoric that as envisioned by the forefathers of Pakistan and specially the Quaid e Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the will of the people as manifested by the elected National Assembly remains the foremost and sovereign authority that all institutions must accept and respect in all circumstances. Former Speaker National Assembly Syed Fakhar Imam highlighted seven important themes of Quaid‟s inaugural speech to the first Constituent Assembly on 11th August, 1947 which included and he quoted that the Quaid said: “You will no doubt agree with me that the first duty of a government is to maintain law and order, so that the life, property, and religious beliefs of its subjects are fully protected by the State…if we want to make this great State of Pakistan happy and prosperous we should wholly and solely concentrate on the well-being of the people, and especially of the masses and the poor. The former Speaker National Assembly of Pakistan Mr. Gohar Ayub Khan underlined the historical background of first Constituent Assembly highlighting the principle of will of the people being the citadel of nations’ aspirations. He also narrated his role as Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan and many exclusive anecdotes.



Speaker National Assembly of Pakistan Sardar Ayaz Sadiq in his address thanked the former speakers for their valuable time in celebrating the 70 year long journey of Parliament of Pakistan. He deliberated the hurdles and challenges a speaker has to face during his time as the custodian of the House. Sardar Ayaz Sadiq stressed upon the need of arranging such sessions where former National Assembly Speakers can come and share their respective experiences while adding to the history of Parliament. “The performance of committees has improved over time but yet a lot needs to be done” said Sardar Ayaz Sadiq. He also shared his initiative for introduction of parliamentary studies in 17 universities to promote education of the ideals of the Quaid e Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Hon Speaker Sardar Ayaz Sadiq said that 2017 marks the 70 years of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan‟s resilient existence as an independent state. On the eve of the 70th year of independence there is an emerging realization among all stakeholders that the salvation of 200 million plus Pakistanis depends on functioning of delivering democracy. This trajectory entails centrality of representative democratic institution and puts the Parliament at the heart of nations‟ future. The Constituent Assembly of Pakistan started working on August 10, 1947. This Conference by the National Parliament and PIPS is a small initiative to commemorate the day and to highlight the significant contributions made by the Parliament of Pakistan in last 70 years (1947-2017) and its distinct role within the constitutional scheme of trichotomy of power. He expressed the hope that participation of around 250 MPs, civil society, academia, media men and students will expand understanding about the role and contributions of the Parliament as part of the Independence Celebrations. The first day of event concluded with cake cutting ceremony by the Speaker National Assembly Ayaz Sadiq, Former Speaker National Assembly Syed Fakhar Imam and Mr. Gohar Ayub Khan. PIPS Director Research and IT Mr Muhammad Rashid Mafzool Zaka presented the vote of thanks. Hon Speaker National Assembly Sardar Ayaz Sadiq presented Mementoes to the former Speakers while Executive Director Mr Zafarullah Khan presented shield to the Honourable Speaker/ President PIPS Board of Governors Sardar Ayaz Sadiq.

Hon. Sardar Ayad Sadiq, Speaker, National Assembly of Pakistan along with former Speaker NA Gohar Ayub Khan and Syed Fakhar Imam, Secretary NA Mr Jawad Rafique Malik and Mr Zafarullah Khan, Executive Director, PIPS



Day Two: Friday, August 11, 2017: Sessions two and three were held on 11th August, 2017. Ms Marriyum Aurangzeb, MNA and Minister of State for Information, Broadcasting and National Heritage graced the occasion as the Chief Guest while MNA Ms Asiya Nasir from JUI (F) and senior parliamentary reporter Hafiz Tahir Khalil covering parliament since 1970s were the keynote speakers. Ms Tehseen Khalid, Senior Research Officer PIPS conducted the absorbing session while Director Research and IT Mr Muhammad Rashid Mafzool Zaka moderated the Q and A session. Hon. Ms Asiya Nasir, MNA, paid rich tributes to the Father of the Nation Quaid-e -zam Muhammad Ali Jinnah who symbolized equality of citizens, protection and affirmative action for non-Muslim communities and welfare of all strata of society as the top priority of the State. She quoted that Quaid had said that: “…If everyone of you, no matter to what community he belongs…is first, second and last a citizen of this State with equal rights, privileges and obligations, there will be no end to the progress you will make…You are free; you are free to go to your temples, you are free to go to your mosques or to any other place of worship in this State of Pakistan. You may belong to any religion or caste or creed – that has nothing to do with the business of the State. Hafiz Tahir Khalil highlighted how journalism and parliamentary reporting in 1970s covered quality debates in the National Assembly and produced reporting which was termed as “literature in haste,” and history saw many luminaries who progressed as parliamentary reporters to be respected as seasoned journalists. He said focus was pen and objectivity and language always remained logical, simple and bi partisan. Hafiz Tahir Khalil admitted that “race of rating,” and the mushrooming of electronic media has compromised the neutrality of the reporters‟ role and journalism‟s watch dog function has been replaced by one-sided biased reporting backed by mud-slinging of the channel in competition. This has marred the tolerance and peace in society with conflict and the indigenous values of objectivity is a rare sight today. Hafiz Tahir Khalil emphasized the need of reformation and retrospection on the part of the parliamentary reporters to maintain objectivity and avoid rat race of rating and keep in mind the constitution and legitimacy of politics. He emphasized that the new breed of parliamentarians from various parties also need to be logical, follow lawful discourse and never extend their arguments to animosity or intolerance that brings disrepute to the institution of Parliament, which is sacred as it carries the aspirations and will of the people.

Ms Marriyum Aurangzeb, Minister for State for Information, Broadcasting and National Heritage acknowledged that Pakistan was envisioned as a parliamentary democracy where vote of people of Pakistan remains of key importance as arbitrators of final decision on all matters of the State. She highlighted that Constitution should be followed in letter and spirit by all institutions and any policy for sustainable development will remain a far cry till the times that democracy continues and Constitution is respected, protected and implemented by all. She also gave

examples of development projects such as the Bikhi Power Project which has been acknowledged in Guinness Book of World Records as the quickest power project to be completed in record time. She was of the opinion that democracy promises hope to the people



and rat race of private television channels to enhance rating has compromised objective analysis by media which now enhances polarization in the country. She concluded with the hope that Pakistan will progress in the spirit of the Father of the Nation. The two day conference on Parliament@70 concluded in the afternoon with a lecture by Hon Senator Mian Raza Rabbani, Chairman Senate on “Challenges of protecting the will of the people.” The session commenced with the National Anthem and recitation of verses from the Holy Quran. Ms Samer Awais Director Training PIPS was the Moderator. Mr Zafarullah Khan Executive Director acknowledged the meritorious services of the Honourable Senator Mian Raza Rabbani, Chairman Senate of Pakistan in the 18th Constitutional Amendment that revived the original essence of the 1973 consensus Constitution of Pakistan looked up by all citizens as the basic social contract of rights and obligations. The Honourable Chairman Senate reiterated that Intra-Institutional dialogue is the need of the hour to put the country on track towards socio-economic prosperity. He said that confrontation among institutions has slowed down the development process and dialogue is the way forward. He said that Quaid-e-Azam gave concept of a welfare state having democratic, federal and progressive character. It was overwhelmed by security state resulting in changing the priorities. He said that constitution has determined limits for all the institutions and there is dire need to work within the parameters defined in the constitution. Senator Mian Raza Rabbani said that Pakistan is a multi-lingual and multi-ethnic country. “They forgot the fact that unity emanates from diversity” Raza Rabbani remarked.

Chairman Senate urged the youth to realize their responsibilities and play active role in national development. He also expressed his optimism that with determination and resilience we can overcome the challenges and work for national development. The Conference was attended by people from different walks of life including students, representatives of civil society, academia and experts. The session concluded with the vote of thanks by the Executive Director Mr Zafarullah Khan.

Honourable Senator Mian Raza Rabbani, Chairman, Senate of Pakistan, speaking at the closing session of the Conference celebrating 70 years of Pakistan’s independence, Aug., 11, 2017



PARLIAMENTARY BUSINESS

PARLIAMENT OF PAKISTAN… From the alley of history

Milestones of the First Session 10 August-14th August, 1947, Constituent Assembly of Pakistan

Mr. Muhammad Rashid Mafzool Zaka, Director Research &IT, PIPS

Date Title Details

Sunday, August 10, 1947

Inaugural Meeting of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan

The first meeting of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan took place in the Assembly Chamber, Karachi, on Sunday, the 10th August, 1947, at Ten of the Clock.

-do- Agenda Item 1: Election of Temporary Chairman/ Presiding Officer

Hon. Liaquat Ali Khan proposed and Khwaja Nazimuddin (East Bengal: Muslim) seconded Hon. Mr. Jogendra Nath Mandal be elected as temporary Chairman. He was elected as the Temporary Chairman.

-do- First time Mr Muhammad Ali Jinnah was referred as the Quaid-i-Azam on floor of the House

Opening Speech by Hon Mr Jogendra Nath Mandal, where he said: “Ladies and gentlemen, I cannot help expressing on this momentous occasion my gratitude and admiration and the gratitude and admiration of the Muslims of India towards Quaid-i-Azam Mr. Mohammad Ali Jinnah, the great creator and architect of the State of Pakistan.” (Applause.)

-do- First Point of Order raised Hon. Bhim Sen Sachar (West Punjab: General) called for the Order of the Day for enable members to know what items on the list are to be taken up.

-do- Agenda Item 2: Presentation of Credentials and Signatures by Members

Hon. Chairman Mr Jogendra Nath Mandal presented his credentials and signed his name in the Register followed by the Quaid-i-Azam



on Roll Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Total of fifty four (54) Members including a woman member, Begum Jehan Ara Shah Nawaz and signed the Register.

-do- Agenda Item 3: Provisional Adoption of the Central Assembly Rules and Standing Orders

Hon. Liaquat Ali Khan put forth Motion for adoption of Resolution, which was adopted: ““That this assembly do adopt, with such modifications as the President or the Chairman for the time being, may in his absolute discretion permit, the Rules and Standing Orders of the Central Legislative Assembly, pending the framing by the Constituent Assembly of its own Rules of Procedure” Proposed Time for Meetings of the Constituent Assembly was set at 10 AM.

-do- Organisation of the Constituent Assembly Secretariat

The Assembly Adopted the Motion: “That this Assembly do confirm the existing organisation of the Office of the Constituent Assembly and authorise the President to make such changes as he deems necessary.”

-do- Rules for Election of the President of the Constituent Assembly

The Honourable Sardar Abdur Rab Khan Nishtar (West Punjab: Muslim) moved the Motion for said Resolution on Rules to elect the President of the Assembly that was adopted after minute change.

-do- Motion for Nomination of Panel of Four Chairmen

Adopted

-do- House Adjourned Assembly Adjourned to meet again at 10 AM on Monday, August 11, 1947.

Monday, August 11, 1947

Presentation of Credentials and Signing of Register

Four Members, who had not presented the credentials and signed the Roll on 10th August, did so to make the total to 58.

-do- Election of the President Seven (07) nomination papers duly filled in were received by the Secretary on behalf of Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah who was elected unopposed as the first President of the Constituent Assembly . (Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah accompanied by the Honourable Mr. Liaquat Ali Khan and the Honourable Sardar Abdur Rab Khan Nishtar went up to the dais and occupied the Chair amidst loud applause).

-do- President‟s Address The Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah‟s inaugural address to the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan.

-do- Resolution: National Flag of the Federation of Pakistan Adopted

National Flag presented and the Motion was adopted; two flags adopted given in custody of the President of the Constituent till National Museum comes into being where these would be placed.



-do- Resolution for Committee on Rules of Procedure

Appointment of Committee to Report on Rules of Procedures, Powers of the President and procedure of declaration to fill vacancies

Tuesday, August 12, 1947

16 member Committee on Fundamental Rights of Citizens and Minorities of Pakistan Adopted

Session chaired by President Hon. Mr Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Hon. Liaquat Ali Khan moved the Resolution to form a 16 (sixteen) Member Committee including a women member on Fundamental Rights of Citizens and Minorities of Pakistan, which was adopted. The Assembly gave the President right to nominate seven additional members from outside the Constituent Assembly to work for Committee.

-do- Resolution: Addressing Mr. Mohammad Ali Jinnah as Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah moved and adopted

Hon. Liaquat Ali Khan (East Bengal, Muslim) moved: “That this Assembly resolves that Mr. Mohammad Ali Jinnah, President of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan and Governor-General designate of Pakistan be addressed as ‘Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Governor-General of Pakistan‟ in all official Acts, Documents, letters and correspondence from August 15th, 1947. The Motion was Adopted.

Tuesday, August 12, 1947, Chaired by the Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah

Tradition of Appointing Panel of Chairmen started

President of the Assembly Quaid I Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah appointed four member Panel of Chairmen

Thursday, August 14, 1947, Chaired by the Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah

Governor General‟s Address

His Excellency the Governor-General of India (Lord Louis Mountbatten of Burma) having arrived in procession with the President of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan (Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah) took his seat on the Dais at ten minutes after Nine of the Clock.

-do- President‟s Reply Speech Vote of Thanks for King of UK and Governor General Lord Louis Mountbatten and countries sending good wishes to Pakistan; Excerpt of the speech says: “Before I conclude I wish to express our thanks for some of the messages of good-will and friendship that have been received. The first one is from President Truman on behalf of the great American nation; the second is from Egypt, third from France, fourth from Syria and fifth from Nepal, our neighbour. I am sure you will all join me in expressing our cordial thanks for these friendly messages that have been received from these countries.”



OPINION

Illegal Wildlife Trade in Pakistan

Ms. Tehseen Khalid, Senior Research Officer & Ms Samra Minhaj, Young Parliamentary Subject Expert, PIPS

Defining the Key Concept:

a. Wildlife Trafficking

Wildlife trade or trafficking is the unlawful gathering, transportation, and distribution of a country‟s flora, fauna and the products derived from them, either locally or internationally. It is considered among the third largest transnational crime after drug trafficking, human trafficking; human organs trade and counterfeiting etc1,2

.

b. Poaching

Poaching is another deadly crime against animals which involves capturing, hunting and killing of animals for the purpose of possession, consumption or trade of animal body parts for commercial gain, pleasure or thrill in killing wildlife. Millions of animals are killed by such hunters each year which negatively affects the environment by depletion of certain animal species.

Introduction

One of the most widespread commercial trade activities between international borders of the world is wildlife trade. Wildlife trade refers to the trade of non-domesticated animals or plants and different products derived from them such as animal skins, bones or meat. It often includes the trade of living individuals as companion animals, also known as exotic pet trade, or for zoological institutions. These animals are sometimes semi-domesticated or bred in captivity for trade purposes. Wildlife trade is used for obtaining cash or exchanging it with other beneficial products such as utensils in place of animal skins. The trade is driven by the needs of end-users who demand wildlife products for food, clothing or construction.

The wildlife trade being carried out legally is not always a problem, but it does pose some serious threats such as species survival due to over exploitation and habitat destruction. As human population increases, demand for wildlife trade also expands to a level where it severely threatens animal species, common cases of which include rhinoceroses, tigers and elephants. Similarly, excessive wildlife trade has a negative impact on natural ecosystem conservation and disturbs the natural balance of local food chains and ecosystems. Illegal wildlife trade ranges from illegal logging of local forests for exotic wood, to the illegal fishing for food or poaching of elephants for ivory. It is now considered as a serious conservation problem and has a negative effect on the viability of many wildlife populations in the world.3

It is easier to track wildlife trade between countries as it is recorded at custom checkpoints. However, a large percentage of this trade is being carried out illegally and is estimated to be a multibillion-dollar business which involves unlawful harvest of and trade in live animals and plants or parts and products derived from them. The wildlife crime mostly targets endangered

1 “Gfi_transnational_crime_high-Res.pdf,” accessed July 14, 2017, http://www.gfintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/gfi_transnational_crime_high-res.pdf. 2 “Illegal Wildlife Trade | Threats | WWF,” World Wildlife Fund, accessed July 14, 2017, https://www.worldwildlife.org/threats/illegal-wildlife-trade. 3 “RL-2009-001.pdf,” accessed July 14, 2017, https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/RL-2009-001.pdf.



animal species as they are rare with a high economic value. It disturbs a country‟s natural resources and can lead to economic losses in terms of tourism or legal and sustainable trade.4

Wildlife Trade in Pakistan

Pakistan is home to a wide variety of flora and fauna, but the absence of law enforcement and effective management results in a wide scale illegal trade of wildlife. Due to its accessible location, Pakistan is an ideal source, consumer and transit for the network of illegal trading of plants and animals which include different species of mammals, birds, reptiles, non-timber forest products (NTFPs) and medicinal plants. Illegal harvesting and poaching of freshwater turtles is one of the major threats in Pakistan.

In a single year, 2015, law enforcement agencies in Pakistan ceased a total of 5 consignments having 1345 live turtles with 1.9 tons of their body parts, being sent to multiple countries in East Asia. In 2016, the customs officials in Pakistan stopped 2 consignments at Lahore airport and saved 184 Black Spotted turtles from being trafficked to foreign countries. A single fresh water turtle is priced at about US$2500 in Asian markets.5 Other species that are widely traded from Pakistan include fresh water turtles and tortoises, Indian pangolin and falcons, venomous snakes, lizards, jackals, wolves, sharks and scorpion among several others. From 2011 to 2012, over 100 Indian pangolins were reported to be illegally captured in the Potohar region of Pakistan.6 Another key target of wildlife traffickers in Pakistan is the falcons and about 46 falcons were reported to be ceased alive only during 2015.7 Consequently, illegal wildlife trade has become a serious threat to the existence of survival of numerous wildlife species in Pakistan.

A recent study conducted by WWF, in May 2017, states that in a sample of 288 shopkeepers across 23 cities of Pakistan, all of them were involved in illegal wildlife trade, in one way or another. To control this illegal trade, the study recommends strengthening of provincial wildlife departments so that they effectively enact and monitor the wildlife trade laws and regulations.8

Illegal Wildlife Trade and Sustainable Development Goals

In the sustainable development goals developed by United Nations, Goal 15 addresses the issue of illegal trade of flora and fauna. Some targets of Goal 15 related to wildlife trafficking are listed below:

To take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity by 2020

Protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species

Take urgent action to end poaching and trafficking of protected species of flora and fauna and address both demand and supply of illegal wildlife products

By 2020, introduce measures to prevent the introduction and significantly reduce the impact of invasive alien species on land and water ecosystems and control or eradicate the priority species

4 “Illegal Wildlife Trade,” accessed July 14, 2017, https://www.fws.gov/international/travel-and-trade/illegal-wildlife-trade.html. 5 “Illegal Wildlife Trade,” accessed July 17, 2017, http://www.wwfpak.org/iwt/. 6 “1457-1461_41_ SHORT COMMUNICATIONS_.pdf,” accessed July 24, 2017, http://www.zsp.com.pk/pdf44/1457-1461_41_%20SHORT%20COMMUNICATIONS_.pdf. 7 “Illegal Wildlife Trade.” 8 “Weak Legislation Elevates the Illegal Wildlife Trade,” accessed July 17, 2017, https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2017/05/11/weak-legislation-elevates-the-illegal-wildlife-trade/.



According to UNDP report, out of the 8,300 animal breeds known, 8 percent have already become extinct and 22 percent are at a risk of extinction.9 Since 1999, at least 7,000 species of animals and plants have been reported in illegal trade affecting 120 countries. Trafficking in wildlife affects all regions of the world, whether as a source, transit location or destination.10

Pakistan’s Commitment to Combat Illegal Wildlife Trade-From Legislation to policy making Wildlife is one of the key components of the biological diversity in Pakistan and an important natural source of renewable energy. Conservation of wildlife is crucial due to socio-economic, ecological as well as ethical reasons. For this purpose, many conservation laws have been framed which date back to early 1900s. Initially, in order to control hunting in the reserved and protected areas, the Indian Forests Act, 1927 was adopted as Pakistan Forest Act, 1927.11 Over the years, quite a few legislations have been made for the protection of wild animals and birds. This legislation making process gained momentum at national level during 1960s.12 For a long time, the West Pakistan Protection Ordinance, 1959 constituted all the wildlife protection regulations of Pakistan. However, a milestone in the history of wildlife legislation came with the Wildlife Enquiry Committee, 1968 which was catalytic in the formulation of legislation on the protection, conservation and management of wildlife in Pakistan.13 On recommendation of this Committee, the management of wildlife was declared a provincial matter and each province in Pakistan drafted its own Acts and Rules in the 1970s.

“The Pakistan Trade Control of Wild Fauna and Flora Act, 2012” prohibits the illegal trade, import, export or re-export of any species of flora and fauna through any channel in Pakistan. Rules have been made to regulate the entry and release of wildlife in Pakistan. This Act was developed with the help of International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN-Pakistan).14

Under the current government, the trade policy of Pakistan has been revised and Strategic Trade policy Framework, Export Policy Order and Import Policy Order (2015-2018) have been developed. This Export Policy Order, promulgated in 2013, has specific provisions on export of wild species. As per SCHEDULE-I of the order “National Council for Conservation of Wildlife (NCCW) is authorized to issue NOC (for specific purpose) for Appendix I and II wildlife species of the Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and all animals, mammals, reptiles and endemic birds protected under any Provincial Wildlife Act.15

At the provincial level, each province of Pakistan has framed its own wildlife conservation laws, apart from the federal laws. These include the following:

Islamabad Wildlife (Protection, Preservation, Conservation and Management) Ordinance, 1979

The Punjab Wildlife Protection, Preservation, Conservation and Management Act, 1974

9 “Goal 15: Life on Land,” UNDP, accessed July 14, 2017, http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-15-life-on-land.html. 10 Ibid. 11 “Protected Areas Management Ministry of Environment.pdf,” accessed August 22, 2017, http://sustainableinitiatives.org.pk/da/Government%20Documents/Policy%20and%20Strategy/Protected%20Areas%20Management%20Ministry%20of%20Environment.pdf. 12 “Wildlife_acts_and_rules.pdf,” accessed August 22, 2017, http://falcons.com.pk/Wildlife_acts_and_rules.pdf. 13 “Protected Areas Management Ministry of Environment.pdf.” 14 “Pakistan,” IUCN, October 20, 2015, https://www.iucn.org/asia/countries/pakistan. 15 “Export-Policy-Order-2016-New.pdf,” accessed July 17, 2017, http://www.commerce.gov.pk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Export-Policy-Order-2016-new.pdf.



The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Wildlife and Biodiversity (Protection, Preservation, Conservation and Management) Act, 2015

Sindh Wildlife Protection Ordinance, 1972

The Balochistan Wildlife (Protection, Preservation, Conservation And Management) Act, 2014

Northern Areas Wildlife Preservation Act, 1975

The Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Wildlife (Protection, Preservation, Conservation and Management) Ordinance, 2011

Legislative Comparison of Wildlife Laws in Pakistan Penalties for Illegal Wildlife Trade

S# Province/

Region

Legislation Title Penalties for Illegal Wildlife Trade/Hunting/Killing

1 Islamabad Islamabad Wildlife

(Protection,

Preservation,

Conservation and

Management)

Ordinance 1979

-Whoever kills or abets in the killing of a protected animal otherwise than in accordance with the provisions of this Ordinance or the rules shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine which may extend to thousand rupees, or with both

-Whoever contravenes or attempts to contravene section 6(Restriction on hunting), 11(Restriction on Import of wild animals), 12(Restriction on Export of wild animals) or 14(Restriction on dealing in wildlife) shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both.

2 Punjab The Punjab Wildlife

Protection,

Preservation,

Conservation and

Management Act,

1974

-Whoever contravenes or attempts to contravene any provisions of Section 9(Restriction on Hunting) and 14(Restriction on import and export of wild animals) shall be punished with a fine of 10,000-15,000 rupees or imprisonment up to two years or both; along with confiscation of the weapon and suspension of license or permit for a period of five years.

3 Sindh Sindh Wildlife

Protection

Ordinance, 1972

-Whoever contravenes or attempts to contravene any provisions of Section 12(Restriction on Import and export of wild animals) and 13(Restriction on Dealing in wild



animals) shall be punished with imprisonment which may extend to a period of one year or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both, and any license or permit granted or issued to him under this Ordinance shall be suspended for a period of two years

-Any provisions of section 7(Restriction on Hunting) shall be punished with imprisonment, which may extend to two years, or with fine, which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both.

4 Khyber

Pakhtunkh

wa

The Khyber

Pakhtunkhwa

Wildlife and

Biodiversity

(Protection,

Preservation,

Conservation and

Management) Act,

2015

-For offence under Section 9(Restriction on Hunting), Unlawful hunting by means of restricted weapons or appliances:

Minimum Penalty: Rs. 5,000 fine or one week imprisonment or both; plus value of property or two weeks imprisonment in lieu thereof.

Maximum Penalty: Rs.45,000 fine or two years imprisonment or both; plus value of wild animal or one month imprisonment in lieu thereof.

-For offence under Section 9, Unlawful hunting of any Protected Animal:

Minimum Penalty: Rs.10,000 fine or two weeks imprisonment or both; plus value of wild animal or one month imprisonment in lieu thereof.

Maximum Penalty: Rs. 45,000 fine or two years imprisonment or both; plus value of property or two months imprisonment in lieu thereof.

-For offences under Section 19 (Dealing in Animals and their produce) and Section 20 (Trade of Wildlife under CITES and CMS):

Minimum Penalty: Rs. 5,000 fine or two weeks imprisonment or both; plus value of property or two weeks imprisonment in lieu thereof. (Birds and game animals)

Rs. 20,000 fine or six months imprisonment or both; plus value of property or two months imprisonment



in lieu thereof. (Protected animals)

Maximum Penalty: Rs. 45,000 fine or two years imprisonment or both; plus value of property or two months imprisonment in lieu thereof. (Birds and game animals)

Rs. 45,000 fine or three years imprisonment or both; plus value of property or six months imprisonment in lieu thereof.

5 Balochistan The Balochistan

Wildlife (Protection,

Preservation,

Conservation and

Management) Act,

2014

-Offence under section 16 (For unlawful hunting by means of restricted weapons or appliances):

Minimum Penalty: Fine of Rs. 2,000/- or one week imprisonment or both; plus value of animal or two weeks Imprisonment in lieu thereof.

Maximum Penalty: Fine of Rs. 5,000/- or two weeks imprisonment or both; plus value of wild animal or one month imprisonment in lieu thereof.

-For offence under Section 26 (Restriction on Import & Export of wild animals): Fine of minimum 5,000 to maximum 50,000 rupees, ten days to three months imprisonment or both; plus value of wild animal (varies according to species).

6 Azad

Jammu and

Kashmir

The Azad Jammu

and Kashmir,

Wildlife (Protection,

Preservation,

Conservation and

Management)

Ordinance, 2011

Whoever contravenes Section 9 (Restriction on Hunting) shall be punishable with imprisonment, up to one year, or fine of 10,000-30,000 rupees or with both.

-Whoever contravenes or fails to comply with any of the provisions of Section 27(Restriction on Import & Export of wild animals) and 28(Restriction on Dealing in wild animals) shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term of two months to six months, or with fine of 10,000-20,000 rupees or both.

7 Northern Northern Areas -Any person who is found guilty of an offence



Areas Wildlife Preservation

Act, 1975

against violation of the provisions of Section 8 (Restriction on Hunting), 26 (Restriction on Import of Animals), 27 (Restriction on Export of Animals) and 28 (Restriction on Dealing in animals) shall render the offender punishable with imprisonment which may extend to one-two years or a fine which may extend to 10,000 rupees, or with both.

All these acts and ordinances prohibit killing and capturing of wild animals, put restrictions on hunting, transfer, import and export of wild animals, and have listed arrest warrants, penalties and prosecutions for any offenders to the law. Furthermore, Since 1976, Pakistan has also signed an agreement and ratification with CITES, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, which aims to ensure secure international trade of all species of flora and fauna and has total of 183 signatory countries.16

Moreover, a number of non-government private sector organizations are also contributing towards conservation of wildlife in Pakistan. Some of the well-known organizations include World Wildlife Fund Pakistan, The Snow Leopard Trust, Pakistan Game Fish Association, Pakistan Wildlife Foundation, Bio-resource Research Center, International Union for Conservation of Nature, and Pakistan and the World Conservation Society, Pakistan.

Wildlife Legislation and Way Forward:

Although every region in Pakistan has well defined laws to protect its wildlife flora and fauna, a few loopholes can be identified viz a viz implementation. These loopholes along can be dealt with by preventing non-compliance of laws.

i. Implementation of Legislation

As discussed in the previous section, every wildlife protection law has defined penalties for violators with significant amount of fines and prison time. However, the enforcement of these laws is still inadequate which leads to an increasing number of wildlife crimes in the country. Thus, the major focus should be on the implementation of these laws through ensuring transparency in the wildlife departments. The roles and responsibilities of wildlife department personnel and the extent of staff authority should be clearly established to avoid misuse of authority.

Legislatures can play vital role with regard to implementation of laws through their oversight role. The issue can be dealt with on the floor of the House through questions, calling attention notices and resolutions calling for measures against wildlife crime and placing it on the same level as drug and human trafficking as well as through Standing Committee which are called eyes and ears of the Parliament. There is a dire need to understand that wildlife trade is posing serious threats to economy, environment and national security which not only affects legislation but also prevents sustainable development. Therefore, coordinated effort of legislatures and implementers is required at the highest level to combat any form of wildlife crime.

To ensure better implementation of laws, Government of Pakistan should form more implementation committees such as the National Committee for Implementation of national

16 “List of Contracting Parties | CITES,” accessed July 17, 2017, https://www.cites.org/eng/disc/parties/chronolo.php.



Climate Change Policy 2012 with due representation of all ministries, departments and provinces at the highest level.17

ii. Capacity Building of Law Enforcement Agencies

It is commonly assumed that strict enforcement of laws is the solution to all the wildlife problems. However, due to lack of institutional capacity and adequate training of law enforcement personnel, strict legislation does not always contribute to the eradication of wildlife corruption. Capacity building of the staff of law enforcement agencies is imperative in this regard. From provincial wildlife and forest departments to customs officials, logistics operators, airport security and provincial police trainings, awareness and empowerment should be ensured to combat the illegal wildlife trade at central and provincial levels in Pakistan.

iii. Ensuring Transparency

In order to prevent the participation of public or government officials in wildlife related corruption, guaranteeing transparency in all wildlife related legislation and procedures is essential. Efforts should be dedicated towards the development of a national wildlife inventory, publicly displayed maps of protected areas, clear methods of trade and hunting licensing, ownership and permit license of weapons used for hunting and list of wildlife related products whose trade is legally permitted. Also, a registry of wildlife maintenance personnel including their social and legal responsibilities along with well-defined authority to inspect the illegal trade/hunting activities at any time needs to be developed.

iv. Decreasing the Lucrativeness of Illegal Hunting and Wildlife Trade

To curb the illegal wildlife trade, any wildlife products whose origin is doubtful should not be entered in the market. Monetary as well as non-monetary sanctions should be implemented and all offenders of the law should be systematically convicted. Moreover, the regularly recurring offenders should be charged with higher penalties and repeated breaches of the law should result in confiscation of their licenses and permits. Also, the detection of illegal activities related to wildlife can be enhanced through improvement of the monitoring systems.

v. Improving Interprovincial Collaboration

In order to enhance successful cooperation among all provinces as well as various levels of the Government, it is important to promote overall consistency in the wildlife policies and regulatory framework of different provinces. It is also necessary to encourage legal consistency between wildlife legislation and laws governing other key sectors with a significant impact on wildlife, such as animal trade, forest management laws, agriculture laws, transport policies, custom laws, interprovincial trade, and international trade laws etc. This legislature should be internally consistent and no legal provisions in these laws should contradict one another in order to achieve a smooth regulatory framework for wildlife protection in Pakistan.

17 “198_PAKISTAN.pdf,” accessed July 17, 2017, http://www.un.org/esa/forests/wp-content/uploads/bsk-pdf-manager/198_PAKISTAN.PDF.



ANALYSIS

Burhan Wani: New Age of Kashmir Struggle

Ms. Aamna Rafiq Young Parliamentary Subject Expert, PIPS

Abstract

The 2016 intifada that has taken roots in Indian Occupied Kashmir (IOK) after the martyrdom of Burhan Wani is poles apart from the earlier one that began in 1980s and tapered off in 1990s. Today, Kashmir is experiencing a new wave of educated and young freedom fighters driven by the new political ideology and religious motivation along with the modern and innovative means of e-protests to stand for the basic right of self-determination of the Kashmiri people. This study is an endeavour to provide a brief overview of this new upsurge and analyze the changing dynamics of Kashmir`s freedom movement, which should be an eye opener for the world conscious.

Introduction

The Kashmir dispute presents a formidable challenge to regional and international peace being the “oldest unresolved international conflict.” The presence and occupation of 7 lac Indian troops cast dark shadows over the freedom of Kashmiri people but above all the ruthless violations of fundamental rights of Kashmiri people resulting into 85,000 deaths has generated a humanitarian crisis. The immediate aftermath of the death of high profiled freedom fighter Burhan Wani was the new wave of struggle which has stunned the entire world.

This research paper seeks to highlight this 2016 intifada which is taking roots in IOK after the martyrdom of Burhan Wani and analyse that in which aspects this is different from the earlier uprisings? For it, a brief overview of new unrest in IOK is first laid out, then the new features of the struggle like utilization of cyberspace, ideological and social transformation, induction of educated youth as freedom fighters and their fearless symbolism are discussed in detail.

Background

Burhan Wani was killed by Indian armed forces on July 8, 2016. As a young and energetic freedom fighter, he emerged as the charismatic face of new Kashmiri intifada. At the time when Kashmiris mourned his death, Indians celebrated this ruthless murder. His martyrdom jolted the foundation of Kashmiri freedom struggle completely. Indian government is setting the historic example of brutality and state sponsored terrorism in IOK by targeting the 5000 innocent people who are striving for their right of self-determination. Following the martyrdom of Burhan Wani, thousands of Kashmiris protested against the Indian atrocities in Kashmir valley. Live ammunitions were used against the unarmed civilians. Nearly 2,000 people were injured due to the disproportionate use of pallet guns. However, this is not the first case of this types. The Kashmiri people have been subjected to continuous and severe violation of human rights from last seven decades.

A Different Genus of Kashmiri Struggle

1. Cyber Protests: A Strategic Shift

In twenty-first century, cyberspace has developed as a domain where threats, war, conflict and crisis were played out in a unique way. The decades old suppression of right to freedom of expression and political representation in physical sphere forced the Kashmiri people to take



advantage of the virtual space. The new conflict field is now complexly multifaceted medium encompassing both physical and virtual territory. The use of this cyberspace by the youth of IOJK to highlight their freedom struggle, political alienation, resentment against occupation and violation of human rights by the Indian forces is a significant departure from the past and the credit for this new impetus belongs to Wani. In the last five years before his death, Wani had emerged as the social media face of Hizb-ul-Mujahdeen (HuM). The bloody protests accompanied by the intense social media campaign after his martyrdom not only stunned the Indian government but also incapacitated for applicable reaction.

The indications of shift to cyberspace can be traced back to the massive protest of 2010. Kashmiris displayed their extreme hatred through usage of cyberspace specifically text messaging through mobile phones. This resulted into four year ban on text messages which affected more than 5 million subscribers.1 However, by the time the ban was lifted in 2014 Kashmiris already moved to WhatsApp and social media e.g. Facebook and Twitter. The advance usage expanded when Wani uploaded a video on Facebook in August 2015 containing messages released by other jihadist leaders which specifically called for “the establishment of a Khilafat” in the region. He explicitly encouraged the youth to join him. It was circulated on WhatsApp in Kashmir at broader scale. Moreover, in early June 2016 another video surfaced but this time uploaded on both YouTube and Facebook. In this video, Wani gave message to Indian forces that freedom fighters “will act against every man in uniform who stands for the Indian Constitution.”2 The generated impact was wide-reaching. The number of people in Kashmir with access to social media has increased significantly from 25 % in 2010 to about 70 % by the end of 2015.3

Successor of Burhan Wani and HuM`s new commander, Zakir Rashid Bhat released a new video message in August 2016. He gave call of protests and asked the Kashmiri youth to boycott the recruitment drive for special police officers. Likewise, in October 2016, he released another video claiming that Sikh militants have also requested to join HuM. His videos and messages were widely circulated among the Kashmiri youth on various social networking websites.4

The ban of the social media was the biggest mistake of the Indian government along with the continuation of indiscriminate suspensions of mobile services. The generation with whom the current Indian government is dealing is unalike the previous ones. They have grown up with social media and banning it resulted into further alienation and resentment. During the last year the hashtags of #BurhanWani #IamWani were the top trends of twitter in India and Pakistan. In addition, there are number of Facebook pages promoting the Kashmir cause and sharing the pictures and videos of the Indian atrocities.

2. Fearless Symbolism

Before Wani, most of the Kashmiris protested with covered faces in public spaces. The active organizers were not commonly known among the people, except when their names were released by security forces after being killed. However, Wani whose most prevailing image was a picture at Kashmir hillside, dressed in combat uniform and bearing a rifle made the image of freedom fighter “fearless.” He used to post his photographs and videos on social media that were widely circulated in Kashmir. It resulted into his charismatic influence on people especially

1Riyaz Masroor, “Kashmir revokes ban on text messages,” BBC News, May 21, 2014, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-27499146. 2 “Burhan Wani Shaheed Last Video message for India and Kashmiri people,” Dailymotion, accessed on July 30, 2017, http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x4k0qen. 3 Justin Rowlatt, “How smartphones are shaping Kashmir's insurgency,” BBC News, July 12, 2016, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-36771838. 4 Saqib Mugloo, “Burhan’s successor appears in Burhan-style video,” Kashmir Reader, August 2, 2016, http://kashmirreader.com/2016/08/02/burhans-successor-appears-in-burhan-style-video/.



youth. Another addition was the use of graffiti by youth to show their dissent. This graffiti is more than the introduction of new form of art. It’s a protest medium and it’s very strong.5 Popular graffiti slogans are:

i. Long live in Heart “Burhan” ii. Revolution is Loading…… iii. Burhan Still Alive. iv. We want FREEDOM! v. Burhan - Our Hero. vi. AZADI Go India Go! vii. Free Kashmir. viii. War till Victory.

3. Educated Freedom Fighters

The most worrying characteristic of this new struggle is the participation of large number of educated and wealthy local youth. Previously, Indian government blamed the cross border interference and radicalization of poor and unemployed Kashmiri youth. However, recent uprising is a big negation of these baseless allegations as Wani belonged to a well-educated and wealthy family of Tral. Today number of new freedom fighters and protesters share the same background.6

Figure 1: 2010 – 2017 Educated Youth Joining Movement in Actual Numbers (Toufiq Rashid, “Let’s Talk About Kashmir,” http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/let-s-talk-about-kashmir-number-of-locals-taking-up-arms-swells-after-burhan-wani-s-death/story-26xPfrqLgAwlyflh2lCtgP.html)

4. Ideological Radicalism: A Paradigm Shift

Since last year, the situation in Kashmir has changed in various remarkable ways since its dawn in the early 90s. An unpleasant tussle is on-going in the ranks of freedom activists over the ideology of the movement. A new section which is led by an unknown cadre is now supporting the creation of “an Islamic State” or “Khilafat” and the implementation of Sharia through the use of force. However, the other considers Kashmir as an inherently political problem which can be solved through either negotiation or third party mediation. Nonetheless, the new section has

5 Majid Maqbool, “The Writing on the Walls in Kashmir,” The Wire, October 8, 2016, https://thewire.in/71239/kashmir-graffiti/. 6 Happymon Jacob, “The Kashmir Uprising and India – Pakistan Relations: A Need for Conflict Resolution, not Management, Center for Asian Studies, Asie. Visions, no. 90 (2016): 20.

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nothing to do with the Daish and the Al-Qaeda as Indian government is trying to project. They vowed to fight the advocates of a secular state now, rather than after freedom. This troubled split unfolded in the shape of Zakir Musa, a successor of Burhan as the HuM chief in the Valley. He threatened to chop off the heads of all those who insist that the struggle in Kashmir was political. 7

These on ground aspirations are considered as basic and legitimate by the angry youth of Kashmir. The lingering resolution of conflict by India and Pakistan compelled the people of Kashmir to look at the conflict in terms of huge humanitarian fallout and striving to end the suffering. An ideological discourse which is like poetry for local people is transformed into source of manipulation.”8Traditionally, Kashmir is a tolerant and peaceful model of Islamic ideology with immense influence of Sufiism. Their notion of “Kashmiri” rests on the popular belief in peaceful coexistence with other religions.

Increased Legitimacy: A Social Transformation

The legitimacy for newly emerging section is growing surprisingly among the local educated liberal class and civil society. The support of Burhan`s father to his mission is an example of this radical change. The society which previously opposed the violent struggle now seems to be justifying the radical ideological change. The extreme mishandling of the Kashmir crisis in the last decade by the Indian forces severely damaged the political space created by the liberal section. Even today, it’s extremely challenging for the Huriyyat leaders to convince the angry, educated and disappointed youth who is fearlessly shouting for the freedom and ready to die for it. 9

Conclusion

The resolution of Kashmir conflict is easier said than done. Since the martyrdom of Burhan Wani, all the three parties Kashmir, Pakistan and India reverted back to their hard-line positions. There are no official talks and back-channel diplomacy. The 70 years of mishandling of dispute and violation of human rights by successive Indian governments had transformed the strategic, social, political and ideological foundations of Kashmir movement. The use of brutal force policy to discourage the protesters and of waiting for them to get tired and frustrated is turning into an expensive move for India. The rebirth of freedom struggle in Kashmir has its own life and momentum. The World Conscience must wake up to respond to the blatant violations of human rights by the Indian forces in occupied Kashmir. It is possible that recent uprising gradually fades away but only to return with greater intensity as the resurgence is not only indigenous but it is led by emerging youth freedom fighters educated in universities and colleges and brimming with awareness, knowledge and imperativeness of their basic human right of self-determination. The US administration, governments in France, UK, Germany, Russia, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Iran and Pakistan in addition to international organizations such as United Nations, the Commonwealth, the European Union and OIC have perpetual responsibility to respond to a freedom movement of the people of Kashmir across generations.

7 Happymon Jacob, “The Kashmir Uprising and India – Pakistan Relations: A Need for Conflict Resolution, not Management, Center for Asian Studies, Asie. Visions, no. 90 (2016): 19-22. 8 Riyaz Wani, “Kashmir: A year after Burhan Wani,” The Hindu Business Line, accessed on July 26, 2017, http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/blink/cover/kashmir-a-year-after-burhan-wani/article9752353.ece. 9 Happymon Jacob, “The Kashmir Uprising and India – Pakistan Relations: A Need for Conflict Resolution, not Management, Center for Asian Studies, Asie. Visions, no. 90 (2016): 19-22.



CONCEPT Gender Responsive Budgeting: An Overview

Ms. Zonia Yousuf,

Young Parliamentary Subject Expert, PIPS

Introduction:

In today’s world most inequalities and disparities between men and women have become, to a great extent, embedded in the foundations of public policy and in the criterion for distribution of public resources. These disparities not only manifest themselves in the domains of education and health but also in areas of management, leadership and the labor market. To combat this, many organizations pioneered the concept of “gender mainstreaming,” which involves: “designing all public policies, and using policy instruments, with the promotion of gender equality in mind.” 1 This brings forth a multidimensional approach for establishing gender equality as a fundamental of modern day governance and advancing gender responsive policies, gender budgeting and bridging the gender gap in roles of public leadership and employment.

The goals of women empowerment and gender equality now stand as universally accepted fundamentals to attain sustainable development. Despite being half of the country’s population, women in Pakistan continue to struggle for equal access to, and control over, resources, power sharing and entitlement to rights. Pakistan is ranked 130th on the UNDP Gender Inequality Index.2 With 20 percent share of seats for women in the parliament,3 there is still a lack of women occupying senior positions as policy makers, legislators, managers and officials. Women mostly indulge in low paid marginal economic activities, small scale home based work or unpaid house work.

The continuing persistence of unequal and imbalanced gender roles in Pakistan impedes the development process and hinders growth on many fronts. The Government has taken certain initiatives to bridge the gender gap. These include the National Plan of Action for Women (1998), National Policy for Empowerment and Development for Women (2002) and Gender Reform Action Plan (2004). However these failed to result in concrete measures and effective implementation. 4 One underlying reason for this failure is the mismanaged and inadequate government budget.

Gender Responsive Budgeting: an Overview:

Budgeting is a crucial instrument which enables the government to transform its commitments, programmes and policies into practice. Budgets are not just technical documents; rather they manifest the priorities and commitments of the government and also show how the government will achieve them. They reflect how much the government has allotted to various sectors along with the commitment of the government to address the needs, issues and concerns of women so as to attain the wider goal of gender equality and inclusive development. By bringing the “gender perspective” to the budget and its related policies, it is ensured that they are addressing the needs

1 Ronnie Downes, Lisa von Trapp and Scherie Nicol. “Gender Budgeting in OECD Countries,” OECD Journal on Budgeting, 2016. No. 3 (2017). Accessed on 24th May, 2017. (https://www.oecd.org/gender/Gender-Budgeting-in-OECD-countries.pdf) 2 United Nations Development Programme. 2016. “Table 5: Gender Inequality Index.” Accessed 23rd May, 2017. (http://hdr.undp.org/en/composite/GII) 3 Ibid. 4 Rabia Salat and Rafea Anis. 2016. “Gender Budgeting – a pathway to Sustainable Development.” Accessed 24th May, 2017. (https://tribune.com.pk/story/1125381/gender-budgeting-pathway-sustainable-development/)



of both genders in an equitable manner and aim to reduce the existing economic gaps between genders. 5

Gender Responsive Budgeting involves the implementation of gender mainstreaming within the budgetary process. Since budgets impact the quality of public policy, it is natural to assess budgets for its possible impacts on gender responsive governance. Gender Responsive Budgeting has no standard definition. It has been called “Gender-Sensitive Budgets”, “Gender Budgets”, “Women’s Budgets”, “Women’s Budget Statements”, “Gender Based Budgets” and “Gender Responsive Budgets”. However, it is significant to understand that all these names signify the same tools and processes. The Council of Europe defines gender responsive budgeting as “a gender-based assessment of budgets, incorporating a gender perspective at all levels of the budgetary process and restructuring revenues and expenditures in order to promote gender equality.” 6

Cross country analysis reveal that varying forms of gender budgeting are being practiced across countries that have introduced it. However, three broad categories of gender budgeting systems exist: 7

i) Gender-informed resource allocation whereby individual policy decisions and/or funding allocations take into consideration the impact of the decision on gender equality;

ii) Gender-assessed budgets where the impact of the budget as a whole is subject to some amount of gender analysis; and

iii) Needs- based gender budgeting where the budget decisions are supported by a prior evaluation of gender needs. This ensures a detailed understanding of the extent to which gender inequalities exist and highlights the policy areas where gender inequalities are highest.

There are also a number of tools used for gender budgeting, each having a specific function in dealing with various aspects of a gender issue:8

i) Gender Aware Policy Appraisal: this tool asks one major question i.e. will the policies of the government increase, maintain or reduce gender inequality? Moreover, it assesses policies for being gender biased, gender neutral or gender blind.

ii) Gender Aware Beneficiary Assessments: this tool is of utmost importance because it looks into the extent to which the potential or actual beneficiaries of government policies and programmes are being addressed. Simply, it assess whether the needs, concerns and priorities of women, men, boys and girls are being met by the public services.

iii) Gender Aware Benefit Incidence Analysis: this tool focuses on the numerical side by making gender specific budget estimates. It takes into account the distribution of public spending and estimates how the benefits of public spending are being distributed among men and women.

iv) Gender Aware Public Expenditure Tracking: this tool creates a comparison amongst the government expenditures. It seeks to answer questions like: are the allocated funds adequate, are they reaching the desired gender groups efficiently, what are the obstacles faced by the funds while reaching the desired gender groups?

5 Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development and Transparency. 2006. “How can Parliamentarians make an effective contribution? Gender-Responsive Budget.” Accessed on 25th May 2017. (http://www.millat.com/wp-content/uploads/pdf/democracy/1/978-969-558-021-9.pdf) 6 Sheila Quinn, Council of Europe. 2009. “Gender budgeting: Practical Implementation.” Accessed 25th March 2017. (https://rm.coe.int/1680599885) 7 Ronnie Downes, Lisa von Trapp and Scherie Nicol. “Gender Budgeting in OECD Countries,” OECD Journal on Budgeting, 2016. No. 3 (2017). Accessed on 24th May, 2017. (https://www.oecd.org/gender/Gender-Budgeting-in-OECD-countries.pdf) 8 Shaizia Qureshi, Safdar Abbas, Rabia Safdar and Rebeena Zakar. “Gender Responsive Budgeting in Pakistan.” J.R.S.P., Vol. 50 No. 1 (2013). Accessed 13th June, 2017. (http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/history/PDF-FILES/Article%2001%20Shazia.pdf)



v) Gender Disaggregated Analysis of the Impact of the Budget on Time Use: this tool employs a highly interesting approach. It studies the relationship between the national budget and the different ways in which time is allocated/ used in households. Simply put, it asks how expenditure has an impact on the time being spent by men and women. For example, public expenditure patterns should be such that they encourage women to spend more time doing productive activities (valuable work) rather than unpaid domestic chores.

vi) Gender Budget Statement: this is a government document. It is an accountability tool by which the government informs the parliamentarians and civil society about the money it has allocated in initiatives promoting gender equality.

Best Practices in Gender Responsive Budgeting:

Gender Responsive Budgeting has now been initiated in more than forty countries in various forms. These practices developed out of a feminist political movement initiated in Australia in 1984.9 It gained further momentum in 1995, when the United Nations Beijing Platform for Action called for the incorporation of the gender perspective in the budget decision making process. The following table highlights some of the best practices of Gender Responsive Budgeting in different countries: 10

Australia Australia was the first to lead a gender sensitive budget analysis. Its federal government began a calculation of budget for its effect on women and girls. It established a model through which each government agency was obligated to provide an audit of the annual budget of the government's accomplishments in relation to women and girls. It stressed that all public programmes and expenditures were relevant for gender responsive budgeting and not just those expenditures directly allocated to women and girls. The results of these audits were published in women's budget statements that were presented along with the annual budget documents.

South Africa

South Africa's Women's Budget Initiative is one of the best recognized Gender Budget Initiatives. It involved the assessment of the national, provincial, and local budgets from a gender standpoint by tracing the impact of the budget on women. A strong cooperation between civil society activists and government departments is a key feature of the project.

Sri Lanka

The Gender Responsive Budgeting initiative in Sri Lanka originally only included the domains of health, education, public sector employment, agriculture, industry and social services. Later on, it was extended to all expenditure areas. Most importantly, it recommended that instead of creating short term schemes and programmes, an adequate distribution of funds should be provided.

India The Ministry of Finance has established a professional group on “Classification System of Government Transactions” and a sub-group on gender responsive budgeting process and priorities at the central government level. The specialized group gives the government recommendations to alter the budget process while highlighting gender sensitivities.

9 Ibid. 10 Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development and Transparency. 2006. “How can Parliamentarians make an effective contribution? Gender-Responsive Budget.” Accessed on 25th May 2017. (http://www.millat.com/wp-content/uploads/pdf/democracy/1/978-969-558-021-9.pdf)



Gender Responsive Budgeting in Pakistan: 11 12

The concept of Gender Responsive Budgeting is not alien to Pakistan. It was first mentioned in 2001 by the Ministry of Women Development in a paper regarding issues of gender and poverty. During the 2000s, Pakistan engaged in various public finance reforms in order to strengthen the relationship between planning and finance while moving away from rigid macro-level general planning approaches. Consequently, various key documents such as the Poverty Reduction

Strategy Paper (2003 -2006), Medium‐Term Development Framework (2005 – 2010) and the Gender Reform Action Plan all mentioned Gender Responsive Budgeting as an effective mechanism to attain gender mainstreaming. Not only this, the Ministry of Finance described Gender Responsive Budgeting as a means to improve the efficiency of public finance as well as economic and social development. 13

The Gender Responsive Budgeting work started in 2005 under the pilot project, The Gender Responsive Budgeting Initiative (GRBI), headed by the Government of Pakistan and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Pakistan. Originally, the project included the federal level, Province Punjab and three districts and covered the sectors of education, health and population welfare. It aimed to: “develop skills to prepare, review and analyze budgets using a gender lens, to promote policy and resource allocation with a gender perspective, and to build the advocacy skills of the Government of Pakistan and civil society organizations for gender budgeting.”

To guide the implementation of the project, the Road Map and Implementation Strategy for Research and Analysis for Gender Responsive Budgeting Initiative was drafted. According to this road map, the

project was divided into five stages: awareness‐raising, training and capacity enhancement, gender analysis, research assessment and advocacy. In 2008, this project was integrated into its second phase called the Strengthening Poverty Reduction Strategy Monitoring Project. In this phase the project was to be extended into other provinces and move beyond the social sector.

As part of these initiatives, widespread awareness‐raising on the idea of Gender Responsive Budgeting, and its advantages, was conducted at federal, provincial as well as district levels, along with efforts to mobilize the media. A wide range of tools, for the purpose of reviewing research and facilitating the implementation of Gender Responsive Budgeting, have been employed

within the context of these projects in Pakistan. These include: gender‐aware policy appraisals,

gender‐aware beneficiary assessment surveys, time‐use surveys, gender‐aware benefit incidence

analyses and gender‐sensitive budget analyses. Gender‐aware policy appraisals for the sectors of education, health and population welfare were conducted in partnership with academic institutions to analyze the exact situation of women and men, girls and boys and assess whether the drafted policies and programmes, financing and implementation are indeed improving gender equality and women’s empowerment.

In 2007, the Federal Bureau of Statistics carried out the first time‐use survey. It involved close to 20,000 households from all over the country to unravel the macroeconomic consequences of unpaid care work and to alter public policies to support men and women in order to fully utilize their productive potential. Support was also provided for the development of a Gender Budget Statement with the first statement being published in 2006-07. Efforts have also been made to

11 Rhonda Sharp, Diane Elson and Monica Costa. 2010. “Gender Responsive Budgeting in the Asia Pacific Region.” Accessed 14th June, 2017. (http://w3.unisa.edu.au/hawkeinstitute/research/gender-budgets/documents/pakistan.pdf) 12 Nadeem Mahbub and Debbie Budlender. 2007. “Gender Responsive Budgeting in Pakistan: Experience and lessons learned.” Accessed 14th June, 2017. (http://www.gendermatters.eu/resources_documents/UserFiles/File/Resourse/GRB_in_Pakistan_Article_November_2007.pdf) 13 Ministry of Finance. 2003. “Accelerating Economic Growth and Reducing Poverty: the Road Ahead.” Accessed 14th June, 2017. (http://siteresources.worldbank.org/PAKISTANEXTN/Resources/PRSP.pdf)



include parliamentarians in the process of Gender Responsive Budgeting. In 2006 an awareness raising workshop for parliamentarians was held in Lahore following which, in the 2007, the parliament held its first debate on Gender Responsive Budgeting as part of a budget session.

Challenges to Gender Responsive Budgeting in Pakistan: 14

In Pakistan, Gender Responsive Budgeting initiatives are faced with several technical and political challenges:

Various studies indicate that the concept of gender itself remains a poorly understood one within government offices and amongst the officials.

This is further aggravated by the lack of women legislators and poor female representation in the policy making process.

Work related to gender budgeting remains a one-time activity (as seminars, trainings, workshops), and fails to be incorporated in the mainstream budgetary process. It lacks institutionalization.

As mentioned before, gender budgeting is a technical activity and requires specialized professionals who not only understand the process but also the socio- political context of the country. Lack of such professionals limits the scope and capacity of these initiatives.

Furthermore, Pakistan’s biggest bottleneck in achieving its complete potential is the lack of sex disaggregated data. While some gender sensitive data does exist, is it not easily accessible. Gender specific data is not systematically collected or regularly published.

The execution of the Gender Responsive Budgeting faces the problem of continuity because the application of a gender analysis to government budgets takes time.

Furthermore, lack of coordination between concerned ministries and unclear roles and responsibilities also impedes the scope of such initiatives.

Way forward:

Pakistan has already taken the first step towards the integration of gender and marginalized groups in the budgetary process. There is an increasing awareness that gender inequality adversely impacts not just women but also children and men. Pakistan is at a cusp of entering a new expanse of economic growth and development. Keeping this in mind, Gender Responsive Budgeting can play a massive role in promoting equality not only across genders but also across the socio- economic strata of the Pakistani society. Women to a great extent remain victims of poverty, high health risks and low paying jobs. When employed as a tool, Gender Responsive Budgeting can address gender specific concerns such as the feminization of poverty, the exploitation of women in low-paid and insecure jobs; persistently high maternal mortality rates, morbidity, anemia and malnutrition due to lack of access to good nutrition and quality healthcare.

Government budgets can contribute massively in reducing inequality. However, budgets are mere numbers if they aren’t backed by adequate policies; in this case gender sensitive policy. For this purpose, Gender Responsive Budgeting will lead to the collection of gender disaggregated data, training and capacity building of government officials enhance the role of public representatives and create all-inclusive development policies.

14 Shaizia Qureshi, Safdar Abbas, Rabia Safdar and Rebeena Zakar. “Gender Responsive Budgeting in Pakistan.” J.R.S.P., Vol. 50 No. 1 (2013). Accessed 13th June, 2017. (http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/history/PDF-FILES/Article%2001%20Shazia.pdf)



READERS FEEDBACK CORNER Feedback on Research Services and Digest of the Pakistan Institute for

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i. I would like to compliment the PIPS leadership and entire team who have always been receptive to needs of MPs viz a viz research and analysis for informed decision. During the organization of first SAARC Young Parliamentarians Conference (SYPC) held on 16-17th August, 2016 the entire PIPS Team in general and research support in particular proved to be the backbone of the historic conference, which was attended by Members of Parliament from the entire SAARC region’s eight nations. Malik Muhammad Uzair Khan, Member, National Assembly of Pakistan/ Member, PIPS BoG during interaction with Delegation of faculty from the King Prajadhipok’s Institute KPI, Bangkok, Thailand, July 27th, 2017. ii. PIPS stood up and always provided me instant support in research and legislation in many areas where no one had provided the sort of services required in last three years. I have shared the great potential and professional services of PIPS and its committed team with the party leadership. I encourage the friends from KPI Thailand to be ambassadors of Pakistan and emulate how institutions like PIPS are helping Parliament flourish the resilient nation for its quest to spread peace and humane values world around. He complimented PIPS leadership and all faculty Members for always fulfilling expectations befittingly. Mr Shehryar Khan Afridi, MNA and Member, Young Parliamentarians Forum during interactive session with KPI Thailand, July 27, 2017. iii. I would like to extend my gratitude for gracious support of the Pakistan Institute for Parliamentary Services to the Women Parliamentary Caucus in organizing the three day International Conference on the Role of Women Parliamentarians in Strengthening Democracy and Social Justice held in Islamabad on 15th -17th March, 2017. Special Efforts of PIPS leadership and all the Young Parliamentary Subject Experts (YPSEs) are acknowledged. Ms Shaista Pervez Malik, MNA/ Secretary Women Parliamentary Caucus.

iv. Congratulations on a well-researched opinion on Pakistan's Indigenous Narrative. This was overdue and must lead to its adoption by the Parliament soonest to lead people of Pakistan to well-deserved better future. I also complement your coverage of key topics such as sustainable Development goals and historic developments at the Parliament. Ex-Senator Nisar A Memon (2003-2009)/ former Chairman Standing Committees of Defence and Defence Production and Member Foreign Affairs Committee, Senate of Pakistan email on 29th July 2017 regarding issue of the PIPS Research Digest.

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Recommendations of the Dialogue for Youth Building Peace, Aug 8, 2017 (contd from inside title)

Peace through inclusive development:

i. It is important to include people at every level, every tier of the society to ensure sustainable peace and development. We have to keep Pakistan’s recent youth bulge in mind and that the median age in Pakistan is 22 years. Leadership opportunities may be created in every field for the young generation including encouragement for entry into politics. From grass root level to national level politics, we need younger people to lead the young nation. ii. We should strive to remove inequality at various levels of the society, whether it is in income, resources or opportunities. We require equitable division of resources and affirmative action in those areas from where investments are generated. Investments need to be revolved in the marginalized areas and provinces in such a way that they are equally distributed in all the areas. Investment should be increased in underprivileged areas to increase the financial activity. iii. Either at domestic, social or institutional level, a non-conformist approach to education should be taken so that an inquisitive generation is developed who is not shy of asking questions. If we want inclusive and sustainable development, and if we want long lasting peace in Pakistan, we need young people to come out and ask questions, to challenge more concepts and to be heard. iv. Young people need to be provided with platforms where they can express and share and a level playing field where they can take any actions necessary for development. With the help of active citizenship, Pakistan can be benefitted in two ways. Firstly, all frustration among young people can be dissolved through providing them the confidence and a platform to implement their ideas which will prove to be an avenue for them to vent out their frustration in a peaceful and respectful manner. Secondly, the citizens will be complimenting the efforts of the State, the Government. Both will be able to support each other for the welfare of Pakistan.

Interfaith Harmony in Promoting Peace and Tolerance through Culture

i. Education from schools to universities are based on three principles: seeking Knowledge as top priority, freely accepting each other and contributing for mutual good of fellow citizens and society at large. ii. Sufi and folk tradition and popular culture including music and cinema are Society’s indigenous sources, which need to be perpetually utilized to promote messages of interfaith harmony. iii. Education and Training of teachers and reform in curriculum to transform the class environment more creative-oriented is essentially recommended to education departments of all federating units and CAD as well as the standing committees on education in National Parliament and provincial assemblies. iv. Education standards and opportunities in rural and urban areas should be the same. v. Humans and Humanity should be focused in our national discourse so as to perpetually evolve a culture of tolerance where we agree to disagree with each other, respect each other’s point of views and learn to feel the joy of the unity in diversity. vi. Greater political will by all parliamentary parties is required to review existing legislations and ensure better implementation viz a viz media regulations and blasphemy laws. vii. Strengthening of parliamentary tradition, constitutionalism and dialogues across institutions, stakeholders and civil society at large is imperative to promote peace, harmony as well as respect and affirmative action to have assured emancipation of all including non-Muslims and minorities in every facet of the society.

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Publications by PIPS Research Wing

1. Youth Guide 2010 2. Drafting and Assessing Legislation 2012 3. Advanced Legislative Research 2013 4. Parliamentary Research 2013 5. Parliamentarian’s Handbook (1st Edition) 2013 6. Parliamentary Values and Best Practices 2013 7. Functions and Effectiveness of Parliamentary Committees 2013 8. Parliamentary Oversight Questions 2013 9. Guide to Understanding the Budget of Pakistan 2013 10. Young Parliamentary Associates Manual 2013 11. Compendium on Rules of Procedures – 1st Edition 2013 12. Discover the Parliament of Pakistan – 2nd Edition 2014 13. National MDGs Conference Handbook 2014 14. Understanding Parliamentary Media Relations and Legislation 2014 15. Human Rights Framework in Pakistan 2014 16. Constitution 18th Amendment Act 2010 and Devolution 2015 17. Assessing Legislation 2015 18. Introduction to Parliamentary Committees and Budget Process 2015 19. Parliamentarians' Handbook (2nd Edition) 2015 20. Handbook for Parliamentary Librarians on ILS KOHA 2015 21. Compendium of Rules of Procedure (2nd Edition) 2016 22. Discover the Parliament of Pakistan: Youth Guide- 3rd Edition 2016 23. Conflict Resolution and Negotiation Skills 2016 24. Public Hearings and Parliamentary Committees 2016 25. SAARC Young Parliamentarians Conference Handbook 2016 26. Report on Constitutional Forums for resolving Federal Provincial Issues 2016 27. International Parliamentary Seminar on Kashmir, Handbook 2017 28. Workbook on Harmonization of Rules of Procedures 2017 29. Report on Parliamentary Studies Program Training of Trainers 2017 30. Data book on Sustainable Development Goals 2017
