issn 2320-6802 international journal for … temperature.pdf · · 2013-09-29control temperature...

www.ijaret.org Vol. 1, Issue VIII, Sep. 2013 ISSN 2320-6802

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR ADVANCE RESEARCH IN

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY WINGS TO YOUR THOUGHTS…..

Page 40

REMOTE TEMPERATURE

MONITORING AND CONTROLLING

S. H. Husin

1, M. Y. N Hassan

2, N. M. Z. Hashim

3, Y. Yusop

4, A. Salleh

5

1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Faculty of Electronics & Computer Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka,

Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia. [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected],

[email protected]

Abstract: This project is a stand-alone temperature and monitoring and control unit. It uses the remote control to

adjust temperature in order to regulate the temperature. The system is also highly configurable in the setting up the

features and parameters. The system consists of two units, the main control unit and the Radio Frequency (RF)

remote control, with inputs to thermal sensors, and output to the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). The RF remote

control controls specific settings of the unit. The remote control is powered off a 9V battery. As the result, the

developed system has been observed both from simulation and real circuit, and the test was considered successful.

After the integration between hardware and software had been made, the circuit worked perfectly according to the

value of temperature is working. For future improvement, there are several suggestions that are another sensor

could be added to the system like alarm system and remote control also can be used e.g. Short Messaging System

(SMS) would be more easier way to control the system in order to implement the capability of receiving the SMS

from the owner.

Keywords: Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC), Radio Frequency (RF), Remote Temperature, Short Messaging

System (SMS), Temperature Sensor,

1. INTRODUCTION Remote temperature controller is a controller that can

control temperature of the oven and read current

temperature value from the oven. The whole system

consists of 2 parts which are remote control and oven

temperature controller [1]. The remote control uses

keypad to key in temperature set point and Liquid

Crystal Display (LCD) is used to display

temperature. The heating part is produced by a bulb,

and temperature sensor is used for the temperature

detection. Both controller in transmitter and receiver

use Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC)

microcontroller [2]. A remote-control temperature

monitoring could be very useful addition to the home

of the future. It will enable the users to have the

convenience of adjusting the desire temperature from

remote location. The user will be equipped with the

remote control and the receiver will be placed in the

oven. A transmitter and receiver are used as to

transmit data, specifically the desired absolute

temperature. The temperature will be displayed by

using LCD display. It will have some internal storage

capacity, so that it will continue to display a number

until the next input. The desired temperature inputted

by the user will be appeared at LCD display as the

output [3]. The original PIC was built to be used with

General Instruments' new 16-bit CPU, the CP1600.

While generally a good CPU, the CP1600 had poor

I/O performance, and the 8-bit PIC was developed in

1975 to improve performance of the overall system

by offloading I/O tasks from the CPU. The PIC used

simple microcode stored in ROM to perform its tasks,

and although the term was not used at early time of

PIC, it shares some common features with RISC

designs [1]. In 1985 General Instruments spun off

their microelectronics division, and the new

ownership canceled almost everything which by this

time was mostly out-of-date. The PIC, however, was

upgraded with internal EPROM to produce a

programmable channel controller, and today a huge

variety of PICs are available with various on-board

peripherals (serial communication modules, UARTs,

motor control kernels, etc.) and program memory

from 256 words to 64k words and more (a "word" is

one assembly language instruction, varying from 12,

14 or 16 bits depending on the specific PIC micro

family). PIC and PIC micro are registered trademarks

of Microchip Technology. It is generally thought that

PIC stands for Peripheral Interface Controller,

although General Instruments' original acronym for




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the initial PIC1640 and PIC1650 devices was

"Programmable Interface Controller". The acronym

was quickly replaced with "Programmable Intelligent

Computer".

The objectives of this project are to study and apply

PIC microcontroller with capability temperature

control, to improve the remote temperature

monitoring and controlling technology using RF

signals, to complete the operation of RF module,

relay module, keypad, and LCD module and to have

the convenience of adjusting the temperature from

any location.

2. METHODOLOGY

Project is implemented by several processes as shown

in Figure 1 below.

Figure 1: Flowchart of overall system

Initial construction of circuit is done on a project

board for easier testing and modification. Then, it is

transferred to a board after the circuit is found to be

working [4]. Software development includes the

programming of the PIC16F877A which interfaces

the main unit with all the hardware part [5], [6], [7],

[8]. A set of instruction code is written to indicate the

microcontroller what to be performed and functioned

due to the requirement. In the interfacing stage,

hardware and software are expected to work together

as a complete system [9], [10], [11]. Figure 2 shows

the schematic diagram of the overall project.

2.1. Hardware Development

The complete schematic diagram of the project is

shown in the Figure 2 until Figure 5 where all the

hardware parts such as sensor, PIC16F877A

microcontroller and 5V voltage regulator are

combined together. The hardware part is discussed in

the following section.

Figure 2: Schematic diagram of the project




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Figure 3: Schematic diagram of the LCD Display

Figure 4: Schematic diagram of the keypad

Figure 5: Schematic diagram of the PIC16F877A

2.2. Software Development

The control program is written in assembler codes

and converted to hexadecimal codes by the MPLAB

software. Hex codes are later transferred to the PIC

using PIC burner. MPLAB Integrated Development

Environment (IDE) is a free, integrated gcc-based

toolset for the development of embedded applications

employing Microchip's PIC and dsPIC

microcontrollers. The MPLAB IDE runs as a 32-bit

application on Microsoft Windows, and includes

several free software components for application

development, hardware simulation and debugging.

MPLAB IDE also serves as a single, unified

graphical user interface for additional Microchip and

third-party software and hardware development tools

[12]. Both Assembly and C programming languages

can be used with MPLAB IDE [13].

Before creating a programming, other programming

is created to ensure that the integration between

software and hardware is successful, and the

components on the circuit can works according to the

behavior that has been programmed [14]. This

programming is created for the circuit to detect the

temperature in the oven, and display the value to the

LCD display. By using the if-else function, the

remote can be controlled with the value of

temperature received from sensor. After determine

that the programming can be integrated with

hardware, the programming was created. Figure 6

and Figure 7 show the flow chart for the transmitter

and receiver.

Figure 6: Flow Chart (Transmitter)




3

Figure 7: Flow chart (Receiver)

2.3. Hardware-Software Integration

For the final method, both hardware and software is

being combined together by using PIC burner

WinPic800 software. The developed coding are

downloaded into WinPic800 and transferred to

PIC16F877A that are located on the hardware [15],

[16], [17]. This is a vital part which will determine

whether the project is working or not. If the project

fails to work, troubleshoot will take place for the both

software and hardware. Hardware problem can be

avoided by using prefabricated PIC microcontroller

boards as there are very little chance of having

hardware problems due to the hardware is well

construct by the factory.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION This project consists of several phase of

development, the first phase is the circuit design

testing. For the second phase, it is about the

construction of hardware. The last phase is designing

a programming which is the ability to integrate the

software with hardware. For the software design, the

programming in software part showed it can make all

the components on the circuit function as temperature

control, and still need improvement on the designing

the full set of device. For remote control system,

designing rule base is completed. The programming

code is design using MPLAB software.

3.1. Temperature Sensor Microcontroller Circuit

Testing

Before testing the circuit, firstly the components is

determined whether it is connected correctly, and

identified which port that will be used on PIC

16F877A for every components on the circuit.

Proteus software is used to design and test the

temperature sensor microcontroller circuit.

For the PIC port, the whole Port C is used for LCD

display. Sensor A and Sensor B used Port RA0 and

RA1 respectively. Since LED and buzzer is not the

main component on the circuit, both LED and buzzer

are acting as a marker to certain situation. For

example if the temperature is greater than 40oC, LED

A will switch on. If temperature is less than 40oC,

LED B will switch on. For LED A and B, it used Port

RB2 and RB1 respectively. For buzzer, it used Port

RB5.

During the testing mode, the basic programming is

used first to determine whether the input-output

component can interact with PIC and function

according to the programming code that has been

design before proceed to hardware construction or

not. The circuit is successfully integrated with the

coding, and the circuit runs accordingly.

From the testing mode, the results showed that the

value of temperature sense by LM35 temperature

sensor is wrongly displayed. The value been

displayed on the LCD is seems to be the value has

been divided into 10. For example, if the sensor

senses the temperature value 27oC, the LCD will

display the value 2.7oC. After several observation

related to this problem is done, it is determine that

this problem is caused by the programming and the

circuit design. From the programming code, it has

been set by LCD that the value of temperature

detected by sensor will be divided by 10. This is due

to the value of sensor which has been set to have an

extra 0 on the LSB. For example if the actual

temperature is 27oC, the sensor will send the value

270 instead of 27 to PIC. This is because sensor

cannot give the decimal point. Therefore by setting

an extra 0 on the LSB of the sensor value, the

decimal point can be created due to the division

created when displaying on LCD. Figure 8 and

Figure 9 show the part of coding that cause this

problem.




Page 44

Figure 8: Coding for LCD

Figure 9: Coding for sensor

Other problem for this result is the design is the

usage of Proteus itself. In normal case, the simulation

design will always give an accurate and precise value

because the tolerance on every components that used

to design a circuit is been neglected. The sensor that

been used in the design phase is designed to get the

exact value that user set. For example if user set the

sensor on the circuit to give the temperature value of

27oC, the sensor will send the value to PIC exactly as

the value has been set. Thus when the PIC send the

value to be displayed on LCD, it will divide by 10 as

in coding. That is why the value displayed on LCD

was differing with sensor. Figure 10 and Figure 11

show the different value between sensor and LCD.

Figure 10: Value on sensor

Figure 11: Value on LCD

As different value between sensor and LCD,

another testing needs to be conducted. For this time,

the testing is done by using the real component. The

circuit is construct using protoboard. Figure 12 shows

the circuit that has been constructed using

protoboard.

Figure 12: Circuit construction using protoboard for

testing mode

Heat on solder rod is used as the heat source. This

heat source is put near to the sensor. For precaution,

the heat source should not be touched the sensor as

the sensor will burn out due to high temperature of

solder rod. The value of temperature sense by the

sensor is determined by reading the output voltage

the sensor as the output voltage at pin 2 changes




Page 45

linearly with temperature from 0V (0oC) to 1000mV

(100oC). From the reading on multi meter, the output

voltage is 303mV. This value is linearly with 30.3oC.

Figure 13 shows the testing of the sensor.

Figure 13: Testing the functionality of LM35

temperature sensor

After the coding is burn on PIC, the testing is begun.

From this testing, it is determine that the value on

LCD shows the same value with sensor. From the

second testing, it is determine that the coding is not

the main problem which causes the different value of

temperature from simulation. Figure 14 shows the

simulation circuit while Figure 15 shows the value of

temperature displayed on LCD.

Figure 14: Circuit during testing mode

Figure 15: Value of temperature displayed on LCD

3.2. Temperature Sensor Microcontroller

Software Development

For the software development, there are divided into

two categories; basic programming coding for testing

purpose and device programming. Between these two

parts, only basic programming is complete and has

been tested. For device programming, it is still under

development.

Before creating a device programming, other

programming is created to ensure that the integration

between software and hardware is successful, and the

components on the circuit can works according to the

behavior that has been programmed. This

programming is created for the circuit to detect the

temperature in the container, and display the value at

the LCD display. By using the if-else function, the

remote can be controlled with the value of

temperature received from sensor. After determine

that the programming can be integrated with

hardware, device programming was created.

For the first programming coding, High-Tech C

language is used. This is due to simple port

declaration. Although the coding is quite easy to

understand, it is difficult to compile. Only Hi Tech

compiler can compile this programming. MPLAB

HI-TECH C compiler is used to compile this

programming. Since HI-TECH C compilers know

exactly which registers will be used for any interrupt,

they can determine the context size dynamically,

based on the state of the program at the time of

compilation. Code generated by OCG compilers may

not need to save any registers during an interrupt

routine, thereby saving cycles that are wasted by non-

OCG compilers. Fewer instruction cycles means the

MCU can spend more time in sleep mode. Most

embedded C compilers require special linker scripts

and numerous command line options to be used to

cater for differing device architectures. With full

knowledge of the device and the ability to determine

where all objects will be linked, much of this work is

reduced or eliminated with HI-TECH C compilers.




Page 46

Because the compiler knows how frequently each

variable is used and which variables are dependent, it

can optimize pointers and position objects in the most

efficient memory spaces, eliminating the need for the

programmer to do this manually with non-standard C

language extensions.

The first programming coding consist of three

functions which is main function, subroutine LCD

setting, and subroutine ADC setting. For main

function, it consists of configuring input-output port.

Port A is configured as input-output direction where

the sensor are located at Port A, and sensor will

detect the temperature which is input, and send the

data to PIC which is output. Port B and Port C is

configured as output where these two ports is being

used by remote and LCD which both of the

component will react with the data sent by PIC which

is output. Figure 16 shows the coding of configuring

input-output port.

Figure 16: Configuration of input-output port

It is also consist of configuring LCD display. In this

function, the configuration is about placing a fix

character such as „TEMP.A=‟ on the LCD. It is also

configured PIC to send the value of temperature

detect by sensor to LCD. In this process, the value

send by PIC is divided by 10 due to seek decimal

value for precision measurement. Apart from

configuration of port and LCD, it is also consist of if-

else statement. If-else statement is the choosing

process which we used to create several situations to

get several results. For this coding, value of

temperature is taken as the situation for the output

component to react. It is set to have four if-else

statements which will get four different results. The

first statement state that if the Sensor A detects

temperature more than 40oC and Sensor B detect

temperature less than 35oC, Relay1 will turn on while

Relay 2 is turned off. Second statement state that that

if the Sensor A detect temperature less than 40oC, and

Sensor B detect temperature more than 35oC, Relay2

will turn on while Relay1 is turned off. The third

statement state that that if the Sensor A detect

temperature more than 40oC, and Sensor B detect

temperature more than 35oC, Relay1 and Relay2 will

turn on. Final statement state that that if the Sensor A

detect temperature less than 40oC, and Sensor B

detect temperature less than 35oC, Relay 1 and Relay

2 is turned off.

For subroutine LCD setting function, it is consist of

LCD display setting to make the LCD working. In

this function, delay time for LCD to display the value

is configured. Because of this function is mostly the

same, it can be gained from the previous section.

Overall this function is the setting for the LCD to run

on the circuit.

For subroutine Analog to Digital Converter (ADC)

setting, it is the configuration of analog to digital

converter port that has been used by sensor. It is also

configured to make the sensor detect the value of

temperature for 2000 times to get the average value

of temperature that has been processed by PIC before

sending the value to LCD display.

This programming is created for a testing purpose

and guide to develop device programming later on.

This coding has been tested on both simulation and

hardware, and was successfully working. It is

determine after testing it to the real circuit, it was

function well without any value problems that

occurred during circuit design testing.

4. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE

WORK From the result that has been observed both from

simulation and real circuit, the test was considered

successful. After the integration between hardware

and software is made, the circuit works perfectly

according to the value of temperature is working.. As

the overall conclusion, the circuit is function and can

be integrated with software, but is not completely

done because the device coding is still in

development process.

Although the circuit in hardware part is not

constructed yet, but the overall operation of the

project has been clearly understood .The project can

be improved to target more advance and better

application for the next research. For future

improvement, there are several suggestions as stated

below another sensor could be added to the system

like alarm system. Instead of using remote control,

SMS would be more easier way to control the system

in order to implement the capability of receiving the

SMS from the owner.

REFERENCES [1] H. D. Serhat YILMAZ, Burak

TOMBALOGLU, Kursat KARABULUTLU,

Yener GUMUS, “TEMPERATURE




Page 47

CONTROL APPLICATIONS BY MEANS

OF A PIC16F877 MICROCONTROLLER.”

[2] K. D. Stephan, J. a. Pearce, and E. Ryza,

“Prospects for industrial remote temperature

sensing using microwave radiometry,” 2004

IEEE MTT-S International Microwave

Symposium Digest (IEEE Cat.

No.04CH37535), vol. 2, pp. 651–654, 2004.

[3] S. K. Subramaniam, S. H. Husin, S. A. Anas,

and A. H. Hamidon, “Multiple Method

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[4] S. Alexander, Fundamentals of Electronic

Circuits. Mc Graw Hill, 2007.

[5] N. M. Z. Hashim, N. A. Ali, A. S. Jaafar, N. R.

Mohamad, L. Salahuddin, and N. A. Ishak,

“Smart Ordering System via Bluetooth,”

International Journal of Computer Trends and

Technology (IJCTT), vol. 4, no. 7, pp. 2253–

2256, 2013.

[6] N. M. Z. Hashim, N. A. Ali, A. Salleh, A. S. Ja,

and N. A. Z. Abidin, “Development of

Optimal Photosensors Based Heart Pulse

Detector,” International Journal of

Engineering and Technology (IJET), vol. 5, no.

4, pp. 3601–3607, 2013.

[7] N. M. Z. Hashim, N. B. Hamdan, Z. Zakaria,

R. A. Hamzah, and A. Salleh, “Flood Detector

Emergency Warning System,” International

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(IJECS), vol. 2, no. 8, pp. 2332–2336, 2013.

[8] N. M. Z. Hashim, S. H. Husin, A. S. Ja, and N.

A. A. Hamid, “Smart Wiper Control System,”

International Journal of Application or

Innovation in Engineering & Management

(IJAIEM), vol. 2, no. 7, pp. 409–415, 2013.

[9] N. M. Z. Hashim and N. A. M. M. Arifin,

“Laboratory Inventory System,” International

Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), vol. 2,

no. 8, pp. 261–264, 2013.

[10] N. M. Z. Hashim, N. M. T. N. Ibrahim, Z.

Zakaria, F. Syahrial, and H. Bakri,

“Development New Press Machine using

Programmable Logic Controller,”

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2310–2314, 2013.

[11] N. M. Z. Hashim and S. N. K. S. Mohamed,

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2013.

[12] N. M. Z. Hashim, N. H. Mohamad, Z.

Zakaria, H. Bakri, and F. Sakaguchi,

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Grading System using Image Processing,”

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2319–2326, 2013.

[13] Chris H. Pappas, C# For Web Programming,

Prentice Hall. Prentice Hall, 2002.

[14] S. A. R. James W. Nilson, Electric Circuits,

Fifth. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.,

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Salleh, and R. A. Hamzah, “Smart Casing for

Desktop Personal Computer,” International

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(IJECS), vol. 2, no. 8, pp. 2337–2342, 2013.

[16] N. M. Z. Hashim, A. S. Jaafar, N. A. Ali, L.

Salahuddin, N. R. Mohamad, and M. A.

Ibrahim, “Traffic Light Control System for

Emergency Vehicles Using Radio Frequency,”

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3, no. 7, pp. 43–52, 2013.

[17] N. M. Z. Hashim and M. S. Sizali, “Wireless

Patient Monitoring System,” International

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no. 8, pp. 250–255, 2013.

issn 2320-6802 international journal for … temperature.pdf · · 2013-09-29control temperature...

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