issn 2320 -5083 journal of international · action – a case study of chitradurga district...
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Journal of International Academic Research for Multidisciplinary
ISSN 2320 -5083
A Scholarly, Peer Reviewed, Monthly, Open Access, Online Research Journal
Impact Factor – 1.393
VOLUME 1 ISSUE 9 OCTOBER 2013
A GLOBAL SOCIETY FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
www.jiarm.com
A GREEN PUBLISHING HOUSE
Editorial Board
Dr. Kari Jabbour, Ph.D Curriculum Developer, American College of Technology, Missouri, USA.
Er.Chandramohan, M.S System Specialist - OGP ABB Australia Pvt. Ltd., Australia.
Dr. S.K. Singh Chief Scientist Advanced Materials Technology Department Institute of Minerals & Materials Technology Bhubaneswar, India
Dr. Jake M. Laguador Director, Research and Statistics Center, Lyceum of the Philippines University, Philippines.
Prof. Dr. Sharath Babu, LLM Ph.D Dean. Faculty of Law, Karnatak University Dharwad, Karnataka, India
Dr.S.M Kadri, MBBS, MPH/ICHD, FFP Fellow, Public Health Foundation of India Epidemiologist Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kashmir, India
Dr.Bhumika Talwar, BDS Research Officer State Institute of Health & Family Welfare Jaipur, India
Dr. Tej Pratap Mall Ph.D Head, Postgraduate Department of Botany, Kisan P.G. College, Bahraich, India.
Dr. Arup Kanti Konar, Ph.D Associate Professor of Economics Achhruram, Memorial College, SKB University, Jhalda,Purulia, West Bengal. India
Dr. S.Raja Ph.D Research Associate, Madras Research Center of CMFR , Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Chennai, India
Dr. Vijay Pithadia, Ph.D, Director - Sri Aurobindo Institute of Management Rajkot, India.
Er. R. Bhuvanewari Devi M. Tech, MCIHT Highway Engineer, Infrastructure, Ramboll, Abu Dhabi, UAE Sanda Maican, Ph.D. Senior Researcher, Department of Ecology, Taxonomy and Nature Conservation Institute of Biology of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania Dr. Reynalda B. Garcia Professor, Graduate School & College of Education, Arts and Sciences Lyceum of the Philippines University Philippines Dr.Damarla Bala Venkata Ramana Senior Scientist Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA) Hyderabad, A.P, India PROF. Dr.S.V.Kshirsagar, M.B.B.S,M.S Head - Department of Anatomy, Bidar Institute of Medical Sciences, Karnataka, India. Dr Asifa Nazir, M.B.B.S, MD, Assistant Professor, Dept of Microbiology Government Medical College, Srinagar, India. Dr.AmitaPuri, Ph.D Officiating Principal Army Inst. Of Education New Delhi, India Dr. Shobana Nelasco Ph.D Associate Professor, Fellow of Indian Council of Social Science Research (On Deputation}, Department of Economics, Bharathidasan University, Trichirappalli. India M. Suresh Kumar, PHD Assistant Manager, Godrej Security Solution, India. Dr.T.Chandrasekarayya,Ph.D Assistant Professor, Dept Of Population Studies & Social Work, S.V.University, Tirupati, India.
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ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT OF TRIBAL WOMEN THROUGH VOLUNTARY ACTION – A CASE STUDY OF CHITRADURGA DISTRICT
DR.K.SIVACHITHAPPA*
TRIVENI YADAV.T**
*Assistant Professor, Dept. of Economics, University of Mysore PG Centre, Mandya, India **Research Scholar, DOS in Economics, University of Mysore, Mysore, India
ABSTRACT
In India the state policies have significantly influenced to formation of voluntary
organisations and their activities. The government sponsored and aided programmes provided
financial assistance to NGOs either as grants/ as matching grants to support the
implementation of social development projects. In the Sixth Five Years plan the government
identified new area in which NGOs as new actor could participate in development. The
Seventh Five Years Plan envisioned a more active role of NGOs as primary actors in the
efforts towards self-reliant communities. With the increasing role of NGOs in development
activities, now attracted professionals from various other sectors and capacities are being
built in support area such as financial management, resource, mobilization, human resources,
leadership development, governance procedures and practices and institutional development.
An attempt is made in this paper to study the role of NGOs in economic empowerment of
tribal women in Chitradurga district.
KEYWORDS: NGOs, Empowerment and Tribes.
INTRODUCTION
Voluntary organisations are organizations that work in many different fields, but the
term is generally associated with those seeking social transformation and improvements in
quality of life. Developmental NGOs are the most highly visible sector, and includes both
international and local organizations, as well as those working in humanitarian emergency
sector. Many are associated with international aid and voluntary donation, but there are also
NGOs that choose not to take funds from donors and try to generate funding in other ways,
such as selling handicrafts or charging for services.
As a result of our intervention over these years, more and more women are coming
forward to register their complaints with the police or the concerned authorities. Local leaders
are involved in the settlement of cases and the counseling being given is women centric.
Utmost care is given to bring the husband and wife together again in all the cases, and it is
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noted that in most of the cases involving local leaders counseling in women centric. Most of
the families are living together. Awareness on gender discrimination and violence at GP
level. Large number of women is coming forward to register cases. Hence it is a tool in
helping woman empowering process.
Chitradurga District of Karnataka State consists of 6 administrative blocks with a
geographical area of 770,702 Ha., and a population of 1.5 million. It is one of the well known
districts of the State of Karnataka. The district's popularity however, is based on its historical
importance; the developmental scenario of the district trails that of other districts due to
recurrent droughts and low rainfall.
Since 1982, MYRADA in partnership with DWHH, initiated interventions to improve
and stabilise the livelihoods of the people living in this district. MYRADA successfully
pioneered the pro-poor and pro-women Self Help Affinity Group (SAG) approach for
empowerment through management of savings and credit leading to interventions for change
in the family and society, in two administrative blocks (Holalkere and Challakere) of the
district till 1999. During this period Myrada also supported several other initiatives taken by
intermediary organisations like small NGOs, Banks and Government. This support took the
form of raising financial resources, training, establishing linkages etc. Networking did not
stop with intermediary institutions; it also included community based organisations, mainly
SAGs and Watershed Management Groups. This networking of CBOs was supported by an
Apex Institution called SPIN (SHG Promoting Institutions Network) which monitored and
supported the CBOs. The District Approach Strategy emerged in 1999 and was officially
adopted in 2001. Again, with the support of DWHH, MYRADA was able to up-scale its
proven interventions and social structures on a district-wide basis through a strategic
institutional network. The network of the intermediary organisations functioned within the
framework, concept and strategy of the District Approach.
Objectives of the Study
The study has following objectives;
1. To study the role of voluntary organizations in economic empowerment of tribal
women in Chitradurga district
2. To analyse the impact of MYRADA on socio-economic development of tribal women
and their standard of living.
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Methodology
The study is mainly based on the primary source of data. The primary data has been
collected from Chitradurga district of Karnataka State. A sample of 100 respondents has been
selected for the field study to gather the primary information through standard questionnaire.
The sample has been selected on simple random sampling basis.
Case Study Area
Chitradurga district is an administrative district of Karnataka state in southern India.
The city of Chitradurga is the district headquarters. Chitradurga gets its name from
Chitrakaldurga, an umbrella-shaped lofty hill found there. Tradition dates Chitradurga
District to the period of the Ramayana and Mahabharata. The whole district lies in the valley
of the Vedavati River, with the Tungabhadra River flowing in the northwest. During the
British times it was named Chitaldroog. The district was practically ruled by all the well
known dynasties that ruled Karnataka.
According to the 2011 census Chitradurga district has a population of 1,660,378,
roughly equal to the nation of Guinea-Bissau or the US state of Idaho. This gives it a ranking
of 297th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 197
inhabitants per square kilometre (510 /sq mi) .Its population growth rate over the decade
2001–2011 was 9.39%. Chitradurga has a sex ratio of 969 females for every 1000 males, and
a literacy rate of 73.82%.
The district is hilly, with lots of forts and villages. The district is bounded by Tumkur
District to the southeast and south, Chikmagalur District to the southwest, Davanagere
District to the west, Bellary District to the north, and Anantapur District of Andhra Pradesh
state to the east. Davanagere District was formerly part of Chitradurga. The district is divided
into taluks, namely Chitradurga, Hiriyur, Hosadurga, Holalkere, Challakere and
Molakalmuru. It is rich in mineral deposits, including gold prospecting at Halekal, Kotemardi
or Bedimaradi, etc., and open cast copper mines at Ingaldhal. An attempt is made here to
analyse the socio-economic profile of the sample respondents in the study area.
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Table – 1 Age Dimension
Sl. No. Age Frequency Percent
1. 15 – 25 24 24
2. 26 – 35 48 48
3. 36 – 45 13 13
4. 46 – 55 09 09
5. Above 56 06 06
Total 100 100
Source: Field Study.
Graph – 1 Age Dimension
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
15 – 25 26 – 35 36 – 45 46 – 55 Above 56
Frequency Percent
The above table gives the information about the age dimension of the sample. It is
revealed from the table that there are 24 respondents, out of 100 belongs to age group in 15 to
25, 48 respondents are the age range between 26 to 35, 13 members are belongs to the age
group of 36 to 45, 09 respondents are the age between 46 to 55 and there are only 06
respondents are above 56 years. In this table clearly shows that age of 26 to 35. Age
dimension of the sample is quiet high.
Table – 2 Place Dimension
Sl. No. Place Frequency Percent
1. Urban 17 17
2. Rural 83 83
Total 100 100
Source: Field Study.
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The above table shows the Place Dimension of the Sample. It is revealed that there
are 17 respondents out of the 100, they are belongs to Urban People, 83 people’s are belongs
to Rural Area. Therefore, there is more rural people participation in the case study area.
Table – 3 Education Dimension
Sl. No. Education Frequency Percent
1. Illiterate 21 21
2. Primary School 44 44
3 Higher Secondary 30 30
4 Graduation/ PG 04 04
Total 100 100
Source: Field Study.
Graph – 2 Education Dimension
Frequency
Percent0
20
40
60
IlliteratePrimary School
Higher Secondary Graduatipn/PG
2144
30
4
2144
30
4
Frequency Percent
The above table gives the information about the Education dimension of samples in
the study area. It is revealed that 21 respondents are illiterate, 44 of the respondents studied
primary education, 30 of the respondents are studied Higher Secondary and 04 of them have
studied Graduation. Therefore Education is not a constraint of Training Programmes.
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Table – 4 Caste details of the Respondents
Sl. No. Caste Frequency Percent
1. Kadu Golla 22 22
2. Kadu Kuruba 13 13
3. Beda 48 48
4. Halakki 17 17
Total 100 100
Source: Field Study.
The table gives the information about caste dimension of the samples in the study
area. It is revealed that 22 respondents are belongs to Kadu Golla, 13 respondents belongs to
Kadu Kuruba, 48 respondents belongs to Beda, and 17 respondents belongs to Halakki
category. Above the study reveals that the majority of the respondents are belongs to Beda
community that is 48%.
Table – 5 Family Types of Respondents
Sl. No. Family Type Frequency Percent
1. Nuclear 82 82
2. Joint 18 18
Total 100 100
Source: Field Study.
Above table gives the information about Family Dimension of the samples in the
study area. It is revealed that 82 percent of the families belong to Nuclear family; remaining
18 percent of the family belongs to Joint Family.
Table – 6 Incomes of the Respondents
Sl. No. Income of the Family Frequency Percent
1. Below Rs.50,000 47 47
2. Rs.51,000 to 70,000 36 36
3. Rs.71,000 to 1 lakh 10 10
4 Above Rs.1 lakh 07 07
Total 100 100
Source: Field Study.
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The above table gives the information about the Income of the Samples in the study
area. It is reveled that there are 47 respondents belongs to Rs.50,000 per year. Out of 100
respondents, 36 respondents comes under the Income Group of Rs.51,000 to 70,000 and 10
respondents are under the income group of Rs.71,000 to Rs.1 lakh and only 07 respondents
are in the income group of above one lakh rupees.
Table – 7 Savings of the Respondents
Sl. No. Savings Frequency Percent
1. Yes 77 77
2. No 33 33
Total 100 100
Source: Field Study.
The above table gives the information about the savings of samples in study area. It is
revealed that out of 100 respondents 77% of respondents having savings motivation habit
from their income and only the 33 percent of the respondents are not having savings habits
from their income.
Table –8 Debt details of the Respondents
Sl. No. Debt Frequency Percent
1. Yes 76 76
2. No 24 24
Total 100 100
Source: Filed Study.
The above table gives the information about the Debt details of sample respondents in
the study area. It is revealed that 76% of respondents have dept and the out of 100
respondents only 24 respondents in the study they are not having any debt. It is revealed
from the table that majority of the families are belongs to one kind of debt. This is the main
reason for obtaining the assistance from the voluntary organizations.
Table – 9 Land Holding of the Respondents
Sl. No. Land Holding Frequency Percent
1. Yes 27 27
2. No 73 73
Total 100 100
Source: Field Study.
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The above table shows that, land holding of samples in the case study area. It is
revealed that there are 27 respondents out of the 100 respondents are holding land. The lands
of their holdings are from half acres to five acres, 73 respondents have not holding land, and
they are agricultural labourers and land less labourers.
Table – 10 Trade Activities of Respondents
Sl. No. Trade Frequency Percent
1. AEC 31 31
2. Agarabathi 03 03
3. Banana Fiber 34 19
4. Soft Toys 19 19
5. Tailoring 04 04
Total 100 100
Source: Field Study.
The above table shows that Trade activities of samples in the study area. It is
revealed that 34 percent of respondents have trained the trade of Banana Fiber, 31 percent of
the respondents have the training in AEC trade, 19 percent of the respondents undergone to
soft toys making, 4 percent of the respondents have training in Tailoring and only 3 percent
of the respondents have trained in Agarbathi activity.
Table – 11Information about the Course Dimension
Sl. No. Information about the Course Frequency Percent
1. Media 08 08
2. Vikasana 11 11
3. Pamphlets 0 0
4. Friends 55 55
5. Trainees 20 20
6. Literally Programme Officer 06 06
Total 100 100
Source: Field Study.
The above table shows the information about the course of samples in the study area.
It is revealed that 08 members got information about the course by media, 11 members from
Vikasana, 55 members from friends, 20 members from trainees and 06 members got
information from continuing education programme/ Literacy programme officers, and it is
noted here is none of the respondents not obtained information from pamphlets.
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Table – 12 Reasons for Joining the Course
Sl. No. Reasons for Joining the Course Frequency Percent
1. To get a job 45 45
2. To set up own unit 13 13
3. For certificate 12 12
4. For Future Purpose 30 30
Total 100 100
Source: Field Study.
The above table gives the information about reasons for joining the course. It is
revealed that out of 100 respondents 45 respondents opined that they have joined the course
to get a job, 13 members opined that to setup own unit, 12 respondents observed that for
certificate only and 30 respondents opined that for future purpose they joined the course.
Table – 13 Opinions about Course
Sl. No. Opinion about Course Frequency Percent
1. Too long 23 23
2. Normal 70 70
3. Too short 07 07
Total 100 100
Source: Field Study.
The above table shows the information about course of sample in the study area. It is
revealed that 23 respondents are of opinion that the training course is too long, 70
respondents’ opined that it was normal and only 7 respondents opined training was too short.
Table – 14 Venue of Training
Sl. No. Venue of Training Frequency Percent
1. Convenient 81 81
2. Not Convenient 19 19
Total 100 100
Source: Field Study.
The above table gives the information about the venue of training of samples in the
case study area. It is revealed that 81 percent of the people said that the venue of training is
convenient and only 19 members opined that the venue of training is not convenient.
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Table – 15 Qualities of Materials/ Equipments
Sl. No. Materials/ Equipments Frequency Percent
1. Adequate 33 33
2. Average 57 57
3. Inadequate 10 10
Total 100 100
Source: Field Study.
The above table shows the information about Quality of Materials in the study area. It
is revealed that 33 respondents observed that the Quality of Materials/Equipments was given
by trainer is adequate and 57 respondents opined that it was average in quality and only 10
respondents opinioned that it was inadequate.
Table – 16 Trainer Performances
Sl. No. Trainer Performance Frequency Percent
1. Satisfactory 37 37
2. Average 53 53
3. Not Satisfactory 10 10
Total 100 100
Source: Field Study.
The above table gives the information about trainer performance in the study area. It
is revealed that out of 100 respondents, 37 respondents are satisfied with the trainer
performance, 53 respondents says that trainer performance was average and 10 percent of
respondents opined that the trainers performance is not satisfactory.
Table – 17 Trainers Opinion about the Training Programme
Sl. No. Training Programme Frequency Percent
1. Strongly disagree 00 00
2. Disagree 04 04
3. Agree 68 68
4. Strongly Agree 28 28
Total 100 100
Source: Field Study.
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The above table gives the information about Trainers Opinion about the Training
Programme. It is revealed that 68 respondents agree that training programme is good. And
28 respondents are strongly agree, 04 respondents disagree and non-of the respondents
strongly disagree.
Table – 18 Examination at the end of the Course
Sl. No. Examination Frequency Percent
1. Yes 82 82
2. No 18 18
Total 100 100
Source: Field Study.
The above table gives the information about the examination at the end of the course.
It is revealed that 82 percent of respondents they have faced the examination after the training
programme and only 18 percent of the respondents they haven’t undergone to any
examination due to some personal problems.
Table –19 Received Certificates from MYRADA
Sl. No. Received Certificate Frequency Percent
1. Yes 88 88
2. No 12 12
Total 100 100
Source: Field Study.
The above table shows the information about the respondents received certificates
from MYRADA. It reveals that 82 respondents they have received certificate from
MYRADA. Only 12 respondents they haven’t received certificate from the MYRADA.
Table – 20 Registered Training Certificate in the Employment Office
Sl. No. Frequency Percent
1. Yes 81 81
2. No 19 19
Total 100 100
Source: Field Study.
The above table shows the information about the respondent’s registered training
certificate in the employment office. It is revealed that 81 percent of the respondents they
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have registered their certificate in employment office. Only 19 percent of the respondents are
not registered their certificate in Employment Office.
Table –21 Obtained Employment of Sample
Sl. No. Obtained Employment Frequency Percent
1. Yes 100 100
2. No 0 0
Total 100 100
Source: Field Study.
The above table gives the information about the employment opportunities for the
trainee after completion of the training. It is revealed from the table that out of 100
respondents all the respondents got employment after the training. It clearly indicates that
training has positively affected on the sample respondents in the study area.
Table – 22 Type of Employment of Sample
Sl. No. Type of Employment Frequency Percent
1. Full Time 80 80
2. Part Time 17 17
3. Self Employment 03 03
Total 100 100
Source: Field Study.
The above table gives the information about the type of employment. It is revealed
from the table that 80 percent of respondents have obtained full time employment, 17 percent
of respondents have obtained part time employment and only 03 percent of respondents have
got self employed.
Table – 23 Guidance of Sample Respondents
Sl. No. Guidance Frequency Percent
1. Placement 90 33
2. Bank Loan 02 02
3. Materials 08 08
4. Marketing 00 00
5. Others 00 00
Total 100 100
Source: Field Study.
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The above table gives the information about type of guidance for respondents have
received from MYRADA after competition of training programme. It is revealed that 90
percent of respondents have got placement. And 02 percent of respondents have got Bank
Loan, 08 percent of the respondents got guidance from the MYRADA.
Table – 24 Problem faced during Training Programme
Sl. No. Facing Problems Frequency Percent
1. Yes 14 14
2. No 86 86
Total 100 100
Source: Field Study.
The above table shows the information about problems faced by the respondents
during the training programmes. It is revealed that 14 percent of the respondents have faced
problem during the training programme, 86 percent of the respondents have not faced any
problems during the training programme.
Table – 25 Start Self Employment based on the Training
Sl. No. Self Employment Frequency Percent
1. Yes 02 02
2. No 98 98
Total 100 100
Source: Field Study.
The above table gives the information about start self employment based on their
training. It is revealed from the table that only 02 respondents they have started self
employment based on their training and 98 respondents they haven’t started any self
employment from their training due to they have got placement through MYRADA.
Table –26 Source of Investment
Sl. No. Source of Investment Frequency Percent
1. Own Money 01 01
2. Banks 01 01
3. Money Lender 0 0
4. Any other 0 0
Total 02 02
Source: Field Study.
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The above table gives the information about the source of investment. It is revealed
from the table that only 2 respondents started self employment. Only one respondent have
invested own money and respondent borrow money from the bank.
Table – 27 Satisfied earned Income
Sl. No. Satisfied earned Income Frequency Percent
1. Satisfactory 78 78
2. Not satisfactory 22 22
Total 100 100
Source: Field Study.
The above table shows the information about the respondents what they have earned
income from the activity. It is revealed from the table that 78 percent have satisfactory from
what they have spending income for their payment of loan and Installment, 37 respondents
they have spent their income for Household consumption, 21 of the respondents spent their
income for asset purchased and 14 respondents they spent their income for different issues.
Table – 28 Cooperation from the Family during the Training
Sl. No. Cooperation Frequency Percent
1. High 18 18
2. Moderate 74 74
3. Low 08 08
Total 100 100
Source: Field Study.
The above table gives the information about the cooperation received from the family
during the training. It is revealed that 18 percent of the respondents have got highly
cooperation from their family, 74 respondents have got moderately cooperation from their
family during their training programme and only 8 percent of the respondents have got low
level of cooperation from their family.
Table – 29 Decision making
Sl. No. Decision Making Frequency Percent
1. Yes 81 81
2. No 19 19
Total 100 100
Source: Field Study.
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The above table gives the information about decision making in the family. It is
revealed that 81 percent of the respondents have involved in decision making in their family
matters only 19 percent of the respondents haven’t involved decision making in their family.
Table – 30 Standard of Living after Training
Sl. No. Standard of Living Frequency Percent
1. Improvement in food in take 27 27
2. Better Clothing 22 22
3. Children Education 27 27
4. Health 18 18
5. Any other 11 11
Total 100 100
Source: Field Study.
The above table gives the information about standard of living after training. It is
revealed that there are 27 respondents says that after the training their improvement in food
intake, 22 respondents are having better clothing, 27 respondents utilize the amount for their
children education 18 respondents having better health and 11 respondents gave many
reasons after their training their standard of living has been improved.
Major Findings of the Study
1. The financial status of the MYRADA for last four years the audited balance of the
MYRADA was Rs.13,24,593.00 and in the year 2008-09, it has been increased to
Rs.18,34,362/- and at the end of 2011 December the total balance was Rs.17,50,077
only.
2. Out of 100 respondents under study all of them belong to female category only.
Because MYRADA concentrated only female beneficiaries.
3. Out of 100 respondents majority belongs to age group of 26-35 years, and 24 percent
of the respondents belongs to 15-25 age groups and 13 percent of the respondents
belong to 34-45 age group, 9 percent of the respondents belongs to 46-55 age group
and only 6 percent of the respondents belongs to above 56 age group.
4. Out of 100 respondents of majority belongs to rural area, that is 83 percent and only
17 percent of the respondents belongs to urban side.
5. Out of 100 respondents majority of the respondents have studied primary school, that
is 44 percent 30 percent of the respondents have studied Higher Secondary, 21 percent
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of the respondents have not studied, and only 4 percent of the respondents have done
their Gradational PG.
6. Out of 100 respondents majority of the respondents were obtained information about
MYRADA from friends that is 55 percent, 20 percent of the respondents were
obtained a information from trainees, 11 percent of the respondents were obtained
information from media, and 06 percent of the respondents were obtained information
from literary programme officer.
7. Out of 100 respondents 78 percent of the respondents were satisfied with earned
income from the MYRADA activity, 22 percent of the respondents were not satisfied
with earned income from this MYRADA activity. And MYRADA training activity is
considered as one of the important and effective activity in order to empower the
women and communication.
8. Out of the 100 respondents, 37 percent of the respondents were spent money to
household consumption, 22 percent of the respondents were spent money to payment
of money, 21 percent of the respondents were spent money to asset purchased, 14
percent of the respondents were gave reasons that they have spend to other purpose,
and 06 percent of the respondents have spent money to payment of loan interest.
9. Out of respondents, 74 percent of the respondents were get a moderate co-operation
from the family during the training period, 18 percent of the respondents were get a
high and only 8 percent of the respondent were get a low co-operation from the family
during the training period.
10. Out of 100 respondents, majority of the respondents were participated in decision
making, that is 81 percent, and only 19 percent of the respondents have not
participated in decision making process.
11. Out of 100 respondents 100 out of 100 percent of the respondents are enjoying good
life style after the training and also standard of living is improved.
Suggestions
1. In practice there is not an easy short-run goal relating to the main dimensions of legal
and political space and NGO strategy and Government strategy vis-à-vis each other
out there are indeed many ways of working patiently towards this and with an
effective and gradual manner.
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2. There is also a strong need for NGOs to accept becoming politically neutral and not
use their platform for political banner. NGOs should remain non-political even
through they perform acts affecting the local power structure.
3. The movements towards the twenty first century, NGOs are being called upon to take
a greater role in National Development, Success in taking up the challenges of
development in countries like Nepal will therefore, depends to a large extent, on the
emergence of a strong NGO sector.
4. The acts on local self-government require NGOs to enter into agreements with the
Village Development Committee (VDCs) and District Development Committee
(DDCs) prior to implementing programmes. There is a strong risk that politician may
use this provision to hamper NGO activity if they perceive the NGO as a threat to
their power base.
5. Specific mechanisms for cooperation between local political structure and NGOs
should be developed and tested in the field in a few pilot areas. Following this, NGO workers and local political leaders need to be trained on these mechanisms on a large scale.
6. Specific methods and procedures for co-operation between sectoral extension
agencies of the government and NGOs should be developed and tested in the field.
Presently, in most sectors, governmental polices are too general on this issue. They
state the need to co-operate with NGOs, but do not specify how approach this collaboration.
7. Local political structures and line agencies should be in a position to recognize and
work together with unregistered NGOs and users group. If not the widest section of
local organizations would be by passed.
Conclusion
Voluntary organizations have attained legitimacy and credibility largely due to
liberalization policies. But the cooperation with the government has to take place in the very
same environment which has some of the policies that go against the poor. Hence here is
need for NGOs to play a dual role; collaborate with the Government critically and oppose
policies of the government which are anti-poor. NGOs and their people’s organizations can
play this dual role only when they succeed in self-help promoting. This includes the
formation of target group organization building capacity of the poor and leadership among
them. Finally the NGOs sector is increasingly pursuing the financial intermediation as one of
the effective, tools in meeting their social agenda. In this contest, the government, both at the
centre and the states have an equally important role to play in creating conductive policy
environment for the growth of the NGO sector as future micro-finance institution.
JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC RESEARCH FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY Impact Factor 1.393, Volume 1, Issue 9, October 2013
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