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The Military Balance
ISSN: 0459-7222 (Print) 1479-9022 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tmib20
Chapter Two: Comparative defence statistics
To cite this article: (2018) Chapter Two: Comparative defence statistics, The Military Balance,118:1, 19-26, DOI: 10.1080/04597222.2018.1416969
To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/04597222.2018.1416969
Published online: 13 Feb 2018.
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Chapter Two
Comparative defence statisticsTop 15 defence budgets 2017† US$bn
2017 top 15 defence and security budgets as a % of GDP*
* Analysis only includes countries for which suf�cient comparable data is available. Notable exceptions include Cuba, Eritrea, Libya, North Korea, Qatar, Syria and the UAE
† At current prices and exchange rates
†Figures do not sum due to rounding effects
UnitedStates
Othertop 15
countries
Restof theworld
US$bn1. United States
602.8
2. China
150.5
7. France
48.6
5. India
52.5
4. Russiaa
61.2
8. Japan
46.0
11. Brazil
29.4
12. Australia
25.0
13. Italy
22.9
14. Israelb
21.6
15. Iraq
19.4
10. South Korea
35.7
9. Germany
41.7
6. United Kingdom
50.7
3. Saudi Arabia
76.7
a Under NATO defence-spending de�nition; b Includes US Foreign Military AssistanceNote: US dollar totals are calculated using average market exchange rates for 2017, derived using IMF data. The relative position of countries will vary not only as a result of actual adjustments in defence-spending levels, but also due to exchange-rate �uctuations between domestic currencies and the US dollar. The use of average exchange rates reduces these �uctuations, but the effects of such movements can be signi�cant in a number of cases.
Israel
6.2%
Jordan
4.9%
Mali
4.3%
Azerbaijan
4.0%
Bahrain
4.4%
Russia
4.2%
Algeria
5.7%
Oman
12.1%
Iraq
10.1%
Iran
3.7%
Kuwait
4.8%
SaudiArabia
11.3%
Republicof Congo
6.2%
Armenia
3.9%
Afghanistan
10.3%
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
©IISS
©IISS
©IISS
North America39.3%
Europe16.3%
Russia and Eurasia4.3%
Asia andAustralasia
24.0%
Middle East andNorth Africa
10.9%
Latin America and the Caribbean
4.0%Sub-Saharan Africa
1.1% Sub-Saharan Africa1.1%
United States38.2%
United Kingdom, 3.2%
France, 3.1%Germany
2.6%Other NATO
7.2%
Non-NATO Europe, 1.2%
China, 9.5%
Japan, 2.9%India, 3.3%
South Korea, 2.3%
Other Asia, 6.0%
Russia, 3.9%Other Eurasia, 0.4%
Saudi Arabia, 4.9%
Other Middle Eastand North Africa, 6.0%
Latin America and the Caribbean, 4.0%
Planned defence expenditure by country 2017†Planned global defence expenditure by region 2017†
20 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2018
Saudi Arabia,34.3%
Kuwait, 2.5%Other MENA, 3.63% Algeria, 4.8%
Europe, 1.49%
Russia, 14.7%
Afghanistan, 2.2%
Other Latin America, 2.33%
Other Eurasia,0.79%
Israel, 8.4%
Oman, 4.6%
Mexico, 3.1%
Other Asia, 5.24%
Sub-Saharan Africa, 5.77%
United States, 3.2%
Malaysia, 2.9%
Composition of real defence-spending increases 2016–17‡
Composition of real defence-spending reductions 2016–17‡
‡ At constant 2010 prices and exchange rates.
Total reductions2016–17:‡
US$26.1bn
† At current prices and exchange rates.
Brazil, 10.1%China, 24.8%
Romania,4.8%
Netherlands,3.1%
Other Latin America, 3.44%
Indonesia,5.8%
Japan, 3.6%
Germany, 11.3%Spain,8.4%
India, 2.4%
France, 2.4%
Other Asia,5.5%
Other Europe &Canada, 11.1%
Middle East andNorth Africa, 0.94%
Eurasia, 0.47%
Sub-Saharan Africa, 1.79%
Total increases2016–17:‡
US$25.4bn
-8
-4
0
4
8
12
16
Real global defence-spending changes by region 2015–17
Selected European defence research and development (R&D) budgets in 2017 and planned European Union defence R&D spending
LatinAmerica and
the Caribbean
Sub-SaharanAfrica
Global**NorthAmerica
Europe Russia andEurasia*
Asia
2015
2016
2017
* Excludes states for which suf�cient data is unavailable (Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan)** Excludes states for which suf�cient data is unavailable
%
France (est.)
United Kingdom (est.)
Germany
EU post-202
0
Turkey (e
st.)
Slovakia (est.)
Spain
Sweden (est.)
Poland
Netherlands (e
st.)
Italy (
est.)
Finland
Norway
Czech Republic
Belgium
BulgariaAustr
ia
Romania
Denmark
Estonia
Hungary
Portugal
Luxembourg (est.)
Croatia (est.)Cyprus
Greece
Ireland
Latvia
Lithuania
Malta
00000000.10.10.10.10.10.70.80.70.80.9
12.411.4
5.2
3.1
8.0
0.4
1.41.5
0.20.2 000
1
2
3
4
5
6
R&D US$bn % of R&D in total budget
In June 2017, the European Commission announced the creation of a European Defence Fund (EDF). This package includes a ‘research window’ which, if voted for, is expected to begin post-2020 through a dedicated EU programme under the next Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF). The estimated budget will be €500m (US$564m) per annum throughout the MFF covering the years 2021–27. If this plan is implemented, the European Commission will become the fourth-biggest defence R&D spender in Europe, after France, the United Kingdom and Germany.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
R&D
budg
et, c
urre
nt U
S$bn
% of R&
D in total defence spending
©IISS
21Comparative defence statistics
Armed unmanned aerial vehicles: production and procurement
Sele
cted
com
bat-
capa
ble
UAV
s an
d m
anuf
actu
rers
CH-3
– C
hina
Aer
ospa
ce
Scie
nce
and
Tech
nolo
gy
Corp
. (CA
SC)
CH-4
- Ch
ina
Aero
spac
e Sc
ienc
e an
d Te
chno
logy
Co
rp. (
CASC
)
Shah
ed 1
29 –
Aer
ospa
ce
Indu
strie
s Or
gani
zatio
n
MQ
-9 R
eape
r – G
ener
al
Atom
ics
Aero
naut
ical
Sy
stem
s In
c.
(GA-
ASI)
Stat
es c
urre
ntly
pro
duci
ng a
nd
oper
atin
g ar
med
UAV
s: C
hina
, Ira
n,
Isra
el, T
urke
y, U
nite
d St
ates
Stat
es th
at h
ave
acqu
ired
arm
ed
UAVs
: Egy
pt, I
raq,
Kaz
akhs
tan,
M
yanm
ar, N
iger
ia, P
akis
tan,
Sau
di
Arab
ia, T
urkm
enis
tan,
Uni
ted
Arab
Em
irate
s, U
nite
d Ki
ngdo
mSt
ates
that
hav
e ac
quire
d US
UAV
s an
d ha
ve b
een
give
n US
app
rova
l to
arm
them
: Fra
nce,
Ital
ySt
ates
that
cur
rent
ly h
ave
deve
lopm
ent p
rogr
amm
es fo
r arm
ed
UAVs
: Ind
ia, R
ussi
a, S
outh
Afri
ca
CHIN
A
US
Russ
ia: I
nokh
odet
s Pr
ime
deve
lope
r: Kr
onst
adt T
echn
olog
ies
Indi
a: R
usto
m
Prim
e de
velo
per:
Defe
nce
Rese
arch
and
De
velo
pmen
t Or
gani
satio
n (D
RDO)
Sout
h A
fric
a:
Seek
er 4
00
Prim
e de
velo
per:
Dene
l
Arm
ed U
AV s
ales
UAVs
app
rove
d to
be
arm
ed a
fter d
eliv
ery
In re
cent
yea
rs, a
rmed
unm
anne
d ae
rial
veh
icle
s (U
AVs
) hav
e pr
olife
rate
d, d
espi
te U
S eff
orts
to li
mit
thei
r sal
e. D
omes
tic d
evel
opm
ents
, and
impo
rts,
hav
e pr
ovid
ed
an in
crea
sing
num
ber
of c
ount
ries
with
the
abili
ty to
ope
rate
wea
poni
sed
syst
ems.
The
mos
t sig
nific
ant p
rodu
cers
of
arm
ed U
AVs
are
the
US
and
Chi
na. T
he U
S,
how
ever
, has
so
far p
ursu
ed a
cau
tious
app
roac
h to
the
expo
rt o
f arm
ed s
yste
ms,
whi
le C
hina
has
bee
n le
ss re
stra
ined
. The
US
has
supp
lied
the
arm
ed v
aria
nt o
f the
M
Q-9
Rea
per
to th
e U
nite
d K
ingd
om, a
clo
se a
lly, b
ut d
eclin
ed to
do
so to
oth
er p
artn
ers
such
as
Saud
i Ara
bia.
Chi
na h
as g
rasp
ed th
is o
ppor
tuni
ty, a
nd h
as n
ow
supp
lied
arm
ed U
AVs
to a
num
ber o
f cou
ntri
es, i
nclu
ding
Egy
pt, N
iger
ia, P
akis
tan,
Sau
di A
rabi
a an
d th
e U
nite
d A
rab
Emir
ates
, am
ong
othe
rs. T
he in
crea
sed
inte
rest
in
suc
h sy
stem
s ha
s al
so le
d ot
her s
tate
s to
pur
sue
thei
r ow
n pr
ogra
mm
es (R
ussi
a, Ir
an, I
ndia
and
Sou
th A
fric
a, fo
r exa
mpl
e) o
r to
cons
ider
arm
ing
syst
ems
alre
ady
in
serv
ice.
Isra
el o
pera
tes a
var
iety
of a
rmed
UA
Vs, b
ut a
s yet
ther
e ar
e no
iden
tified
exp
orts
of s
uch
syst
ems,
alth
ough
Isra
el h
as w
idel
y ex
port
ed in
telli
genc
e, su
rvei
llanc
e an
d re
conn
aiss
ance
UA
Vs.
© IIS
S
22 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2018
Key defence statistics
© IISS
Main battle tanks(1,000 per unit)
Armoured infantry fighting vehicles(1,000 per unit)
Tactical aircraft (500 per unit)
Attack helicopters(250 per unit)
Heavy/medium transport helicopters(500 per unit)
6,740200
3,097
3,090
227
2,831
3,860
629
2,500
6,160
623
3,336
3,424
198272
785
1,1121,966
383
50
793
376
19
62
246
168
67
375
108 2,645
Artillery (1,000 per unit)
262
9,684
13,420
5,293
637
6,894
Cruisers, destroyers and frigates(25 per unit)
Attack/guided missile submarines(25 per unit)
Principal amphibious ships(25 per unit)
Tanker and multi-role tanker/transport aircraft(100 per unit)
Airborne early-warning and control aircraft(100 per unit)
82
22
27
19
96
54
33
57
6
14
6
49
4
3
1
6
31
Heavy/medium transport aircraft(100 per unit)
Heavy/medium transport aircraft(100 per unit)
27 7 4 18 6 111
15 10 Some 1013
628
18 14 6 15 1484 46 36 177 44
530658
Heavy unmanned aerial vehicles(50 per unit)
China France India Russia UK US
510,000
32,300
1,155,000
2,000,00082,650
857,950
2,035,000202,700
1,395,100
900,000
150,250
1,348,400
Aircraft carriers (10 per unit)1111 11
4 4 13 4 14
139
157
162
ICBM (Launchers) (25 per unit) Bomber aircraft (25 per unit)
Ballistic-missile nuclear-powered submarines (10 per unit)
400
70
313
Active personnel (100,000 per unit)Active personnel (100,000 per unit) Reserve personnel (100,000 per unit)
23Comparative defence statistics
© IISS
Main battle tanks(1,000 per unit)
Armoured infantry fighting vehicles(1,000 per unit)
Tactical aircraft (500 per unit)
Attack helicopters(250 per unit)
Heavy/medium transport helicopters(500 per unit)
6,740200
3,097
3,090
227
2,831
3,860
629
2,500
6,160
623
3,336
3,424
198272
785
1,1121,966
383
50
793
376
19
62
246
168
67
375
108 2,645
Artillery (1,000 per unit)
262
9,684
13,420
5,293
637
6,894
Cruisers, destroyers and frigates(25 per unit)
Attack/guided missile submarines(25 per unit)
Principal amphibious ships(25 per unit)
Tanker and multi-role tanker/transport aircraft(100 per unit)
Airborne early-warning and control aircraft(100 per unit)
82
22
27
19
96
54
33
57
6
14
6
49
4
3
1
6
31
Heavy/medium transport aircraft(100 per unit)
Heavy/medium transport aircraft(100 per unit)
27 7 4 18 6 111
15 10 Some 1013
628
18 14 6 15 1484 46 36 177 44
530658
Heavy unmanned aerial vehicles(50 per unit)
China France India Russia UK US
510,000
32,300
1,155,000
2,000,00082,650
857,950
2,035,000202,700
1,395,100
900,000
150,250
1,348,400
Aircraft carriers (10 per unit)1111 11
4 4 13 4 14
139
157
162
ICBM (Launchers) (25 per unit) Bomber aircraft (25 per unit)
Ballistic-missile nuclear-powered submarines (10 per unit)
400
70
313
Active personnel (100,000 per unit)Active personnel (100,000 per unit) Reserve personnel (100,000 per unit)
24 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2018
China: People’s Liberation Army main battle tanks
Firs
t gen
erat
ion
PLA
mai
n ba
ttle
tank
�ee
t, 19
97–2
017
Seco
nd g
ener
atio
n
1997
2002
2007
2012
2017 ZT
Z-99
ZTZ-
99A
Thir
d ge
nera
tion
Firs
t gen
erat
ion
Seco
nd g
ener
atio
nTh
ird g
ener
atio
n
For t
he p
urpo
ses
of th
is a
naly
sis,
gen
erat
iona
l sta
tus
of e
ach
desi
gn is
as
belo
w.
ZTZ-
59/Z
TZ-5
9-II/
ZTZ-
59D
• Lic
ense
bui
lt T-
54 d
esig
n• I
n pr
oduc
tion
1958
–78
• Upg
rade
d ve
rsio
ns d
evel
oped
in
the
1980
s• 1
00m
m s
moo
thbo
re m
ain
gun
(105
mm
rifle
d in
59-
II an
d 59
D)• 3
6 to
nnes
com
bat w
eigh
t• S
teel
arm
our (
reac
tive
59D
only
)• C
ompu
ter fi
re-c
ontro
l (59
D on
ly)
ZTZ-
79
• In
prod
uctio
n 19
78–8
0s
• 105
mm
rifle
d m
ain
gun
• 37
tonn
es c
omba
t wei
ght
• Ste
el a
rmou
r
ZTZ-
88A
/ZTZ
-88B
• In
prod
uctio
n 19
88–9
0s
• 105
mm
rifle
d m
ain
gun
• 38
tonn
es c
omba
t wei
ght
• Ste
el a
rmou
r
• Sta
bilis
ed s
ight
s
ZTZ-
96/Z
TZ-9
6A
• In
prod
uctio
n 19
97–2
005
• 125
mm
sm
ooth
bore
mai
n gu
n
• 42+
tonn
es c
omba
t wei
ght
• Ste
el/c
ompo
site
arm
our
(reac
tive
96A)
• Sta
bilis
ed s
ight
s
• Rep
orte
dly
bein
g up
grad
ed to
ZT
Z-96
B st
anda
rd fr
om 2
017
ZTZ-
99/Z
TZ-9
9A
• Cur
rent
ly in
pro
duct
ion
• 125
mm
sm
ooth
bore
mai
n gu
n
• 50+
tonn
es c
omba
t wei
ght
• Ste
el/c
ompo
site
/reac
tive
arm
our
• Sta
bilis
ed s
ight
s
• Com
pute
r fire
-con
trol s
yste
m
• Act
ive-
prot
ectio
n sy
stem
(99A
)
0
1,00
0
2,00
0
3,00
0
4,00
0
5,00
0
6,00
0
7,00
0
8,00
0
1,60
0
6,20
0
5,00
05,
000
4,60
0
3,39
0
500
2,85
0
800
2,30
0
1,30
0
1,28
0
1,50
0
510
Alth
ough
Rus
sia
and
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es b
oth
mai
ntai
n su
bsta
ntia
l num
bers
of m
ain
battl
e ta
nks
in s
tore
, C
hina
’s P
eopl
e’s
Libe
ratio
n A
rmy
(PLA
) cu
rren
tly h
as t
he
wor
ld’s
larg
est a
ctiv
e-se
rvic
e ta
nk fl
eet.
The
volu
me
and
cost
invo
lved
in p
rodu
cing
su
ffici
ent
mod
ern
tank
des
igns
to
equi
p th
is f
orce
has
, how
ever
, pro
ved
to b
e a
sign
ifica
nt c
halle
nge
for
the
PLA
, and
it is
onl
y re
cent
ly th
at th
e pe
rcen
tage
of t
he
tank
forc
e so
-equ
ippe
d ha
s ri
sen
abov
e 50
%.
The
orig
inal
ZTZ
-59
rem
ains
in s
ervi
ce w
ith a
sig
nific
ant p
ropo
rtio
n of
the
PLA
, de
spite
bei
ng e
ffect
ivel
y ob
sole
te, e
ven
in i
ts u
pgra
ded
form
s. E
arly
ind
igen
ous
Chi
nese
tank
des
igns
, suc
h as
the
ZTZ-
79 a
nd Z
TZ-8
8, h
ad li
mite
d pr
oduc
tion
runs
an
d ar
e no
w o
nly
in t
he i
nven
tory
of
a sm
all
num
ber
of u
nits
in
nort
hern
and
w
este
rn C
hina
. The
reo
rgan
isat
ion
of P
LA m
anoe
uvre
uni
ts i
nto
com
bine
d-ar
ms
brig
ades
in 2
017
may
resu
lt in
thes
e se
cond
-gen
erat
ion
desi
gns b
eing
rem
oved
from
se
rvic
e al
toge
ther
as
the
over
all s
ize
of th
e PL
A’s
tank
flee
t shr
inks
aga
in.
The
late
st Z
TZ-9
9A a
ppea
rs to
hav
e be
en p
rodu
ced
in r
elat
ivel
y sm
all n
umbe
rs,
and
issu
ed to
str
ateg
ic-r
eser
ve u
nits
nea
r Be
ijing
, pos
sibl
y be
caus
e of
its
rela
tivel
y hi
gh c
ost.
The
maj
ority
of C
hina
’s th
ird-
gene
ratio
n ta
nks a
re st
ill v
ersi
ons o
f the
late
19
90s
ZTZ-
96 d
esig
n. T
he P
LA’s
new
‘lig
ht’
tank
, be
lieve
d to
hav
e en
tere
d pr
oduc
tion
with
the
ZTQ
-15
desi
gnat
ion,
wei
ghs
alm
ost a
s m
uch
as a
ZTZ
-59,
but
m
ay n
onet
hele
ss h
elp
fill t
he r
equi
rem
ent
for
mod
ern
arm
our
in s
outh
ern
Chi
na,
whe
re th
e te
rrai
n is
not
sui
tabl
e fo
r hea
vier
mod
ern
desi
gns
such
as
the
ZTZ-
99.
© IIS
S
25Comparative defence statistics
China: air-to-air missile progress
PL-1
0 im
agin
g in
frar
ed (I
IR) A
AM
In
-ser
vice
dat
e: c
2015
Asso
ciat
ed a
ircra
ft:
J-10
A/B/
C, J
-11B
, J-1
6, J
-20
PL-1
2 ac
tive
rada
r-gu
ided
AA
MIn
-ser
vice
dat
e: 2
007
Asso
ciat
ed a
ircra
ft:
J-8,
J-1
0A/B
, J-1
1B
PL-1
5 ex
tend
ed-r
ange
act
ive
rada
r-gu
ided
AA
MIn
-ser
vice
dat
e: 2
018+
Asso
ciat
ed a
ircra
ft:
J-10
C, J
-16,
J-2
0
PL-X
X ac
tive
rada
r and
infr
ared
-gui
ded
very
-lon
g-ra
nge
AA
MIn
-ser
vice
dat
e: 2
020+
Asso
ciat
ed a
ircra
ft: J
-16
PL-X
X Ra
mje
t A*
PL-X
X Ra
mje
t B*
*In
deve
lopm
ent
Leng
th: c
. 3 m
etre
s
Leng
th: c
. 3.8
met
res
Leng
th: c
. 4 m
etre
s
Leng
th:
c. 6
met
res
Leng
th:
c. 4
met
res
PL-1
0 IIR
AAM
� 3
0km
� A
ll ta
rget
s
PL-X
X ve
ry-lo
ng-r
ange
AAM
� 4
00km
+�
Lar
ge, n
on-m
anoe
uvrin
g ta
rget
s
PL-1
5 an
d PL
-XX
ram
jet-p
ower
edac
tive-
rada
r AAM
s�
150
km�
All
targ
ets
PL-1
2 ac
tive-
rada
r AAM
� 7
0km
� A
ll ta
rget
s
Not
iona
l PL-
XX v
ery-
long
-ran
ge A
AM
eng
agem
ent
Max
imum
not
iona
l eng
agem
ent r
ange
s
25,0
00ft
50,0
00ft
100,
000f
tPo
ssib
le m
id-c
ours
e up
date
sdu
ring
mis
sile
�y-
out
Initi
al ta
rget
-trac
kda
ta a
nd u
pdat
es v
ia K
J-20
00 A
WAC
S ai
rcra
ft
Term
inal
-eng
agem
ent
seek
er:
� A
ctiv
e ra
dar:
40km
� In
frare
d: 1
0–20
km
PL-X
X m
axim
um k
inem
atic
rang
e po
tent
ially
400
km+
In 2
015,
the
Peop
le’s
Lib
erat
ion
Arm
y A
ir F
orce
(PLA
AF)
intr
oduc
ed th
e PL
-10
imag
ing
infr
ared
-gui
ded
shor
t-ran
ge a
ir-to
-air
mis
sile
(AA
M) i
nto
serv
ice.
It c
ould
be
follo
wed
in 2
018
by th
e PL
-15
exte
nded
-ran
ge a
ctiv
e ra
dar-
guid
ed m
issi
le. F
urth
erm
ore
Chi
na m
ay h
ave
at le
ast t
hree
oth
er m
ediu
m a
nd v
ery-
long
-ran
ge A
AM
s in
va
riou
s st
ages
of
deve
lopm
ent.
Chi
na is
in t
he m
idst
of
a ne
ar-u
npre
cede
nted
sca
le a
nd p
ace
of d
evel
opm
ent
that
will
impr
ove
cons
ider
ably
its
air-
to-a
ir w
eapo
ns
inve
ntor
y, a
nd p
rovi
de th
e de
fenc
e in
dust
ry w
ith in
crea
sing
ly c
redi
ble
prod
ucts
for t
he e
xpor
t mar
ket.
The
PL-1
0 w
as a
dver
tised
for e
xpor
t ver
y sh
ortly
afte
r its
ent
ry
into
ser
vice
with
the
PLA
AF.
© IIS
S
26 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2018
Selected Chinese and Asia-Pacific regional naval shipbuilding since 2000
JAPA
N
CH
INA
RU
SS
IA
INDI
A
TAIW
AN
SOUT
HKO
REA
NOR
THKO
REA
No.
Sh
ipya
rd
Type
La
unch
ed
(2
000–
Aug
201
7)
Bo
hai S
hipb
uild
ing
SS
BN
4
He
avy
Indu
stry
SS
N
6
Da
lian
Ship
build
ing
CV
1
In
dust
ry C
ompa
ny
DD
5
Da
lian
Liao
ning
FS
9
Sh
ipya
rd
Ji
angn
an S
hipy
ard
SSK
4
C
1
D
D
18
Hu
dong
-Zho
nghu
a
FF
14
Ship
build
ing
FS
12
LP
D
5
A
ORH
2
W
ucha
ng S
hipb
uild
ing
SS
K 24
In
dust
ry G
roup
FS
9
Hu
angp
u W
ench
ong
FF
17
Sh
ipbu
ildin
g FS
13
AO
EH
1
A
ORH
6
Coun
try
Type
La
unch
ed
(2
000–
Aug
201
7)
Indi
a
SSB
N
1
SS
K 2
CV
1
D
D
8
FF
10
FS
1
A
ORH
2
SSB
N =
4SS
N =
6SS
K =
28
CV =
1C
= 1
DD
= 2
3
AO
EH =
1A
ORH
= 8
FF =
31
FS =
43
LPD
= 5
Coun
try
Type
La
unch
ed
(2
000–
Aug
201
7)
Japa
n SS
K 16
CV
4
C
2
D
D
12
LH
D
2
A
OE
2
Coun
try
Type
La
unch
ed
(2
000–
Aug
201
7)
Kore
a,
SSK
9Re
publ
ic o
f C
3
D
D
6
FF
10
FS
17
LP
D
4
A
OEH
1
0
50,0
00
100,
000
150,
000
200,
000
250,
000
300,
000
350,
000
400,
000
Japa
n
Sout
h Ko
rea
Indi
a
US Chin
a
2015
–17
2012
–14
2009
–11
2006
–08
2003
–05
2000
–02
App
roxi
mat
e fu
ll lo
ad d
ispl
acem
ent (
tonn
es) o
f sel
ecte
d la
unch
ed n
aval
ves
sels
Chi
na’s
nav
al-s
hipb
uild
ing
outp
ut si
nce
2000
has
bee
n re
mar
kabl
e bo
th fo
r its
scal
e an
d br
eadt
h, w
ith a
n in
dust
rial
bas
e ce
ntre
d on
seve
n m
ajor
ship
yard
s. Fo
r som
e tim
e,
it ha
s bee
n en
gage
d in
con
side
rabl
e se
ries
pro
duct
ion
of la
rge
and
smal
l sur
face
com
bata
nts.
In th
e su
b-su
rfac
e ar
ena,
the
prod
uctio
n of
a to
tal o
f 38
new
uni
ts, i
nclu
ding
ba
llist
ic-m
issi
le s
ubm
arin
es, i
s al
so s
igni
fican
t. In
ter
ms
of s
ubm
arin
e, d
estr
oyer
, fri
gate
and
cor
ve�e
pro
duct
ion,
Chi
na h
as e
ither
exc
eede
d or
nea
rly
mat
ched
the
co
llect
ive
outp
uts o
f the
nex
t thr
ee p
rinc
ipal
regi
onal
nav
ies,
who
se o
wn
nava
l pro
gram
mes
hav
e the
mse
lves
bee
n si
gnifi
cant
by
glob
al st
anda
rds.
Chi
na h
as a
lso
prod
uced
ni
ne n
ew u
nder
-way
-rep
leni
shm
ent v
esse
ls a
nd it
has
laun
ched
its fi
rst h
ome-
built
air
craf
t car
rier
and
firs
t mod
ern
crui
ser,
fillin
g tw
o m
ajor
capa
bilit
y ga
ps. O
ver t
he ti
me
peri
od, t
he U
nite
d St
ates
has
bui
lt m
ore
carr
iers
(3),
nucl
ear-
a�ac
k su
bmar
ines
(14)
, des
troy
ers
(33)
and
larg
e am
phib
ious
shi
ps (1
5) th
an C
hina
, but
not
as
man
y sm
all
surf
ace
com
bata
nts.
Ther
e is
still
unc
erta
inty
ove
r how
robu
st C
hine
se w
arsh
ip d
esig
ns a
re re
lativ
e to
thei
r com
petit
ors,
as w
ell a
s the
ir sy
stem
s int
egra
tion
and
wea
pons
pe
rfor
man
ce. T
he c
ritic
al is
sue
now
is C
hina
’s a
bilit
y to
sust
ain
this
leve
l of o
utpu
t and
add
ress
wea
knes
ses,
such
as i
n su
bmar
ine
desi
gn a
nd a
mph
ibio
us c
apac
ity.
© IIS
S