ISOL_HT: Thermal and Mechanical Properties

of Materials at High Temperature:Experimental set-up development and

measurements

A Letter Of Intent for FP7 European Program (EURONS)

A. Andrighetto and G. Prete, LNL-INFN, Italy

Joint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting: Helsinki, Finland September 17 19,2007

List of Participants and expertise•INFN LNL (A. Andrighetto), LNS (G. Cuttone)

ISOL targets design

•Padova UniversityEngineering Department (Materials development) – (P. Colombo)

Study of advanced ceramic materials Engineering Department (Mechanical design) – (G. Meneghetti)

Structural design and FEM analysis Chemical Department - Italy (P. Di Bernardo)

Nuclear chemistry and UCx preparation

•ENEA (Italian agency for energy), Bologna-Faenza - (S. Cevolani)Thermal and mechanical analysis, thermal test Laboratory

•CERN, Switzerland (J.Lettry, T. Stora)

•IPN- Orsay, France (C. Lau) •ORNL, USA (D. Stracener)

The Project GroupThe Project Group

SPES Target Group 2007SPES Target Group 2007

List of Associate Partners:

What are Mechanical and Thermal Properties?

Main Mechanical Main Mechanical Properties:Properties:

• Young Modulus E• Poisson Ratio • Compression Strength: = f E)• Flexural Strength• Creep Resistance: f T, t)Thermal PropertiesThermal Properties

• Emissivity• Thermal Conductivity• Specific Heat• Linear Expansion Coefficient

E

x

TQ

TL

L

0

Brittle Fracture

Linear Expansion Coefficient

Thermal conductivity

deformationstress

x

y

T

L0

L

T0

L

T

0

0

L

LLL

0

0

T

TTT

Poisson’s Ratio

x

y

x

y

T

L0

L

T0

T

L0

L

T0

L

T

0

0

L

LLL

0

0

T

TTT

Poisson’s Ratio

SPES Target Group 2007SPES Target Group 2007Materials are mainly characterised at room temperature

What are These Properties Due To?What are These Properties Due To?

Material:Material:

• Composition• Phase assemblage• Morphology (bulk, porous)• Grain Size• Grain Alignment (anisotropy)• Boundary Chemistry• Density

Production Method:Production Method:

• Temperature• Pressure• Time

Intergranular Fracture in Bulk Ceramic

Cellular Ceramic

20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 400

50

100

150

200

250 LaC2 stability

Cou

nts

(a.u

.)

2 theta

LaC2 after 1 week

LaC2

LaC2 reference

XRD

Example of Lanthanum Carbide Phases Detection

Example of Anisotropy

SPES Target Group 2007SPES Target Group 2007

New phase detected

Micro-structure and production method of the material

RIB’s Physics: ISOL TargetRIB’s Physics: ISOL Target

Main Requirement: Working at very High Temperature

Carbides Oxides Solid Metals

LaCx

UCx

SiCThC2

ZrO2, Al2O3

MgOCaOThO2

TiNbTaW

Many Isol Facility in the word:

The Isol Target is stressed ! : Beam Pulse; T gradients; radiation level ...

SPES Target Group 2007SPES Target Group 2007

Several target materials are employed in ISOL Based

Facilities:New materials are under

development.How to compare them??

s=1.3 mm, Φ= 40 mm

1012÷1013

fissions/sBeam

Tantalum Heater

The Direct Target is a Very Critical IssueThe Direct Target is a Very Critical Issue

Design of the SPES Direct Target. Beam power deposition in UCx : 8KW

Thermal and Mechanical Calculations

Tmax= 2430 °C

Dumper Temperature measurement

600

900

1200

1500

1800

2100

2400

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Heater Current [A]

T [°C]

Experimental - Without shields

Experimental - With shields

FEM - Without shields

FEM - With shields

HRIBF test experimentSiC target

SPES Configuration

1500

1600

1700

1800

1900

2000

2100

2200

2300

2400

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

element number

T [°C]

5 micro Ampere

10 micro Ampere

20 micro Ampere

SiC Melting Point

UCx Disks T Distribuition

Scaled prototype

- Emissivity up to 2000 °C

Dual frequencies pyrometer 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1,0

SiCA (hexagonal, bulk) SiCG (hexagonal, bulk) SiC xycarb (cubic, porous) Al2O3 Graphite (fine) LaCx

T (°C)

Emissivity vs T

Done at LNL !

Other Measurements @T= 2000 °C:Other Measurements @T= 2000 °C:

- Thermal ConductivityThermal Conductivity.

- Thermal Expansion CoefficientThermal Expansion Coefficient

- Thermal Shock resistance.Thermal Shock resistance.

- Young’s Modulus, Compression and Bending Young’s Modulus, Compression and Bending StrengthStrength.

- Creep ResistanceCreep Resistance

Work in Progress at LNL

R&D of the Experimental Set-Up R&D of the Experimental Set-Up for Emissivity Measurementsfor Emissivity Measurements

SPES Target Group 2007SPES Target Group 2007

The Direct Target is a Very Critical IssueThe Direct Target is a Very Critical Issue

Mechanical Calculations

T = 150 °C 1

MNMX

XY

Z

Target SPES

.797E+07.291E+08

.502E+08.714E+08

.925E+08.114E+09

.135E+09.156E+09

.177E+09.198E+09

FEB 11 200723:44:17

NODAL SOLUTION

STEP=1SUB =1TIME=1SEQV (AVG)DMX =.571E-03SMN =.797E+07SMX =.198E+09

UCx Disks Stress Distribuition

Stress components on the external surface

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22

r [mm]

stress [MPa]

radial stress

circumferential stress

axial stress

equivalent stress

Fracture stress is given up to ~1300 °C only, where it is σ ≈ 200 MPa.

What is the behavior at higher temperature?

beam

Last disk

Why are They Important?Why are They Important?

Many fields are interested in very harsh conditions employment of materials:

Mechanical Components, Aerospace Industry, Nuclear Reactors, Particles Accelerators (SNS), Fusion Physics (ITER), RIB Physics

A lack of data for mechanical and thermal parameters is present mainly at high temperature (≥ 2000 °C)

There is lack of an Experimental Set-up able to measure Mechanical and Thermal Properties under these conditions

SPES Target Group 2007SPES Target Group 2007

-> A dedicate Data Bank is required !-> A dedicate Data Bank is required ! Calculation of Risk Calculation of Risk Designing and calculations (FEM analysis)Designing and calculations (FEM analysis) Deeper Knowledge and Improvement of Properties of MaterialsDeeper Knowledge and Improvement of Properties of Materials Opening New Fields of InvestigationOpening New Fields of Investigation

R&D of the Experimental Set-R&D of the Experimental Set-UpUp

for Mechanical Propertiesfor Mechanical Properties

Tmax ≥ 2000 °C P= 10-6 mbar SPES Target Group 2007SPES Target Group 2007

Experimental work: Experimental work: perform measurements ofperform measurements of

Main Mechanical PropertiesMain Mechanical PropertiesCompression Strength Flexural StrengthYoung Modulus E

4-Points Bending Scheme Design of the Experimental Set-UpThermal and Mechanical Properties Characterization of Materials at High T is of great interest for ISOL based facilities, and other advanced applications

Optimization of ISOL target material from the mechanical, thermal and release point of view