ISN II- States of Matter sdasdadnamename:___________________________________________per_____

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page # Item Check INCheck IN Value Lost

Textbook Introduction to Chapter 2 pages 36-39 2

3 Eureka: Solids, Liquids, Gasses 2

Textbook States of Matter, pages 40-44 2

4 Plasma Info 2

5 Temperature Scales & Weather or Not Worksheets 4

7 LAB: Predicting Temperature Mixtures (sticker) 18

Textbook Describing Gas: 45-47 2

10 LAB: Changes Of State (sticker) 14

Textbook Changes of State, page 48-50 2

13 Eureka & Change of State Worksheet 4

Textbook Changes of State, page 51-53 2

Textbook Changes of State, page 54-55 2

14 LAB: Keeping Cool (sticker) 6

15 Refrigeration 4

Textbook Gas Behavior 56-57, 58-59, 60-61 6

17 LAB: How are Pressure & Temperature Related (sticker) 6

18 LAB: Hot & Cold Balloons (sticker) 6

19 Heat Devices Demos 2

20 Other States of Matter 0

21 Outside Reading Article and Reflection 12

22 Mind Map 6

Parent Signature & Dated night before quiz 4

Total Total Total 108

Parent signature ____________________________________________date______

Things 2 Know1. When the bell rings you should be in your seat with only your ISN,

Textbook and pen or pencil out

2. All other belongings must be under your desk, not in the aisle.

3. You are required to have a pencil or erasable pen, ISN with cover, textbook and calculator everyday.

4. ISN stands for Interactive Science Notebook

5. Completed and signed ISN is due the day of the quiz

6. Late work is 50% if it is completed to expectations.

7. Any missed labs or in class work should be made up in my room during X-block as soon as possible after an absence.

8. on-line textbook web address: myscienceonline.com

9. Quia address: quia.com/web

10. Sato’s email address: asato@northbrook28.net

11. Sato’s web address: www1.northbrook28.net/~asato

12. The printer in my room, 226, is called 226-Science

13. The ˚ Degree sign is option-K

14. Extra credit is found on my website

15. Matter is anything with mass and volume

16. Matter can be described by physical and chemical properties

17. The Metric System is used to measure matter. Some common measurements are length, mass, volume and density.

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Eureka Video Guide 1(Parts 1-2 of Heat & Temp)

Part 1: Molecules in Solids

1.Everything is a __________ or a _____________ or a ___________ plasma

2.These are four _____________ of matter

3._________________ never stops moving

4.The pattern called a lattice holds __________________ together

5.All matter is made of “little lumps” called _________________________

Part 2: Molecules in Liquids

6.Liquids have no shape or ________________

7.___________________ is the collapse of the pattern of vibrating molecules

8.When liquid is hot, molecules speed up and ____________ turn into

_____________.

9.When liquid is cold, molecules slow down and ________________ turn into

_____________.

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WHAT IS PLASMA*?

The word "PLASMA" was first applied to ionized gas by Dr. Irving Langmuir, an American chemist and physicist, in 1929.

Plasma consists of a collection of free moving electrons and ions(atoms that have lost electrons.) Energy is needed to strip electrons from atoms to make plasma. The energy can be of various origins: thermal, electrical, or light (ultraviolet light or intense visible light from a laser). With insufficient sustaining power, plasmas recombine into neutral gas.

Plasma temperatures and densities range from relatively cool and tenuous (like aurora) to very hot and dense (like the central core of a star). Ordinary solids, liquids, and gases are both electrically neutral and too cool or dense to be in a plasma state.

Plasma can be accelerated and steered by electric and magnetic fields, which allows it to be controlled and applied. Plasma research is yielding a greater understanding of the universe. It also provides many practical uses: new manufacturing techniques, consumer products, the prospect of abundant energy, more efficient lighting, surface cleaning, waste removal, and many more application topics.

*The word plasma is also used for the colorless fluid part of blood, or milk, in which corpuscles or fat globules are suspended.

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Temperature ScalesUse the Following Formulas:

Fahrenheit to Celsius

€

˚C =59˚F − 32˚( )

Celsius to Fahrenheit

€

˚F =95×˚C

⎛

⎝ ⎜

⎞

⎠ ⎟ + 32˚

Kelvin to Celsius

€

˚C = K − 273 Celsius to Kelvin

€

K =˚C + 273̊

1. 68˚F = _________C

2. 15 ˚C = _________F

3. 18 ˚C = _________K

4. 86˚F = _________C

5. 20 ˚C = _________F

6. 30 ˚C = _________K

7. 95˚F = __________C

8. 30 ˚C = _________F

9. 20 ˚C = _________K

10.150 K=_________F (yes, you can do this given the

information on this page)

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Weather or Not!Objective: Identify common reference points on a Celsius thermometer. Directions: Circle the correct response to the left of each statement

YES NO 1. The water in the tea kettle is 100˚F. Is it boiling?

YES NO 2. It is 35 ˚C outside. Should you wear an outfit to keep cool?

YES NO 3. It is 30˚C outside. Will you need a sweater?

YES NO 4. It is 10 ˚C outside. Will the outdoor pool be in use?

YES NO 5. It is 25 ˚C in the living room. Are you shivering?

YES NO 6. Your body temperature is 40˚ C. Are you sick?

YES NO 7. It is 4˚C outside. Could it be raining?

YES NO 8. Your body temperature is 39 ˚C. Do you have a fever?

YES NO 9. The water in your bath is 20˚C. Is it chilly?

YES NO 10. The room thermostat was set at 22˚C in March. Was it comfortable?

YES NO 11. Your 85 ˚C cup of chocolate is served. Will it burn your tongue?

YES NO 12. You baked a cake in a 375 ˚C oven. Did it burn?

YES NO 13. It is 32 ˚C outside. Will you be able to ice skate?

YES NO 14. It is 48˚ C outside. Are we having a heat wave?

YES NO 15. My temperature is 35 ˚C. Is this normal?

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Water Mixing: Calculating Temperature Predictions

1. Multiply the amount of water by the temperature for each cup of water to determine the heat units.

2. Add the amount of water in each cup and then the heat units for each cup

3. Divide total heat units by total mL to find the predicted (hypothesis temperature, round to 0.1˚C)

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LAB: Predicting Temperature MixturesPurposes: 1)To calculate and predict temperatures 2)To develop lab skills: use Bunsen burner, use USB thermometer, graduates, striker, hot hands

Hypothesis: Do this by calculating the predicted temperature for each mixture (A,B & C) Use the procedures on the ISN page before this.

Procedure: Show all work & label all numbers with unitsLab A- Mix 100 mL cold with 100 mL hot waterLab B- Mix 200 mL cold with 100 mL hot waterLab C- Mix 100 g(=mL) of ice with 200 mL hot water!

Lab A- Mix 100 mL cold with 100 mL hot Calculations (must show your work) round to 0.1

Cold temperature in ˚C

Hot water temperature in ˚C

Actual Temperature (measured) ˚CActual Temperature (measured) ˚C

Hypothesis(calculated) Temperature ˚C

% of error= [(hypothesis-actual)÷ actual]x 100

Lab B- Mix 200 mL cold with 100 mL hot Calculations (must show your work) round to 0.1

Cold temperature in ˚C

Hot water temperature in ˚C

Actual Temperature (measured) ˚CActual Temperature (measured) ˚C

Hypothesis(calculated) Temperature ˚C

% of error= [(hypothesis-actual)÷ actual]x 100

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Lab C- Mix 200 mL hot with 100 g of ice

hint 1 mL =1 g of water

Calculations (must show your work) round to 0.1

for both.

Cold temperature in ˚C

Hot water temperature in ˚C

Actual Temperature (measured) ˚CActual Temperature (measured) ˚C

Hypothesis(calculated) Temperature ˚C

% of error= [(hypothesis-actual)÷ actual]x 100

1. Which of Labs A, B and /or C were accurate hypotheses based on % of error? (IF the error is less than 15% it is accurate, there could be more than one)

2. Why did we use styrofoam cups?

3. Why do you think some predicted temperatures were so far off? (hint: Where did the thermal energy* go?) *page 138 of text.

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LAB: Changes of StateWe mostly encounter matter in any of three states or phases: solid, liquid, or gas. In order for a change of state to occur, energy must be added to or removed from a substance. In this lab you will observe what happens when a substance changes state.

Purpose:

Hypothesis:

If we graph the data of the ice melting and boiling then the graph will look like...(circle one graph)

Materials: ice metal can temp. probe ring stand wire mesh Bunsen burner laptop digital scale hot hands

Procedure:

1. Fill the can with 130 grams well packed ice

2. Put the wire mesh on the ring and place the can on the wire mesh.

3. Place temperature probe in the clip and allow temperature to level off around 0˚C

4. Log in and open the EZ Temperature graph by clicking on the single green arrow when prompted

5. Light the Bunsen burner and place under can, start the graph program by pressing the arrow in the upper left at the same time that the burner is lit.

6. Observe the ice and graph as it the water melts and then boils

7. DO not Stop the graph or burner until all water is vaporized

8. Attach graph to next page

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Lab Questions:1.What state change does the first flat region of your graph represent?

2.What state change does the second flat region represent?

3.What are the three states of matter that we observed in this lab?

4.What is the fourth and most common state of matter in the universe?(research)

5.What must be gained or lost in order for a change of state to occur?

6.ANALYZE: In general, when does the temperature of a substance remain constant, even though energy is being added?

7.ANALYZE: Based on your graph, which change requires more energy, melting ice to water or boiling water to steam? How can you tell?

8.How much heat in calories does it take to melt one gram of ice? (use internet)

9.How much heat in calories does it take to vaporize one gram of boiling water? (use internet)

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EUREKA! Evaporation & Condensation

1. Water is a ____________________.

2. Molecules occasionally “pop” out of a liquids’ surface, this is called __________________________, a change of state.

3.What will speed up evaporation? ________________________________

4. When water vapor (gas) collects on a cold surface it is called _________________________, a change of state.

Changes of State

1. Name the three states of matter in the diagram above.

2. Name the four changes of state the diagram above

3. Which changes require heat to be added to the particles?

4.How do particles of solids, liquids and gasses compare?

5. Based on the diagram, what happens to the particles of a substance as heat energy increases and

decreases?

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Keeping CoolWhen a liquid evaporates, it absorbs energy from its surroundings so that the molecules of the liquid can escape into the air. In this activity, you will measure the temperature change that occurs when two liquids evaporate.

INQUIRY FOCUS: Interpret Data

Procedure1. Wrap the bulbs of two alcohol

thermometers with equal amounts of gauze.2. Place a pencil on the paper towel, then lay the

thermometers across the pencil so that the bulbends are raised.

3. Use a dropper to put 10 drops of water on thegauze surrounding the bulb of one thermometer.

4. Put 10 drops of rubbing alcohol on the gauzesurrounding the bulb of the second thermometer.

5. Read and record the temperatures on the twothermometers every minute for five minutes.

Time(in minutes)

TemperatureTemperatureTime

(in minutes)Thermometer with water Thermometer with rubbing alcohol

1

2

3

4

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Think It Over1. Which liquid evaporates faster?

2. How do you know which liquid evaporates faster?

3. Why do you think nurses use to use rubbing alcohol on a patient’s skin when they had a fever?

Materials

2 thermometers2 pieces of gauze

paper towel2 droppers2 pencils

waterrubbing alcohol

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Refrigeration: Using the Energy of Changes Of State Changes of state always involve energy. In order for a liquid to change into a gas, energy must be added to the liquid. When energy is added to a liquid, the molecules of the liquid become "energized" and move farther apart. If enough energy is added, the molecules become so energized that those at the surface of the liquid leave the liquid and spread out into the surroundings as a gas. For example, the process of heating water on a stove can add enough energy to the water molecules to cause them eventually to "jump" out of the kettle as steam. Refrigeration uses the process of change of state to cause cooling. Refrigerators contain a series of coiled pipes or tubes filled with a liquid refrigerant. This refrigerant, which boils at a very low temperature, circulates through the pipes as a liquid. When warm food is placed in the refrigerator, the heat energy given off by the food warms up the molecules of the refrigerant. These molecules become energized and change into a gas. During this state change heat is removed from the interior of the refrigerator. The refrigerant must absorb some calories of heat energy in order to vaporize. As a result, the refrigerator compartment and the food within it is cooled. Once the refrigerant is changed into a gas, it is pumped into a device called a condenser. This device raises the pressure of the Freon. The gas is then pumped to an area where the Freon loses heat. This loss of heat changes the gas back into liquid refrigerant, which is recirculated through the pipes and is again ready to absorb heat energy from the refrigerator compartment. This process of evaporation and condensation, of removing heat from the refrigerator compartment and keeping it cool, is continuous. Once the desired temperature has been reached inside the refrigerator it will stop running.

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Refrigeration: Using the Energy of Changes Of State1. What causes a liquid to change into a gas?

2. How does the liquid refrigerant vaporizing to a gas cause cooling for the food?

3. Explain why the air coming from the back of a refrigerator is warm.

4. What property makes a good refrigerant?

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How Are Pressure and Temperature Related?When a gas is heated, the particles move faster and collide more often with the walls of their container. This causes increased pressure within a closed container. In this lab, you will observe how a gas’s temperature affects its pressure.

INQUIRY FOCUS Infer

Materials: empty 1-L bottle with cap, ice, tap water 2 bins (for water baths)

Procedure1. Put the cap on the bottle but do not tighten. Squeeze

the bottle to make sure air can enter and leave.2. Place the bottle in the ice bath and let it cool for

10 minutes. Do not allow water to enter the bottle.3. Tighten the cap to seal the bottle before removing it from the ice bath. Squeeze the

bottle and note the amount of force it takes.4. Remove the bottle from the ice bath and place it in the hot water bath for 10 minutes.

You might want to keep your hand on the bottle to keep it in the water.5. Again, squeeze the bottle and note the amount of force it takes.6. Loosen the cap slightly and note what happens.

Think It Over1. How did the air temperature in the bottle change when you put it in hot water

(yes I’m asking this question)

2. What happened to the air pressure in the bottle when you put it in hot water?How do you know?

3. Explain how the motion of the gas particles inside the bottle compared in Steps 3and 5.

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Hot and Cold Balloons

As the temperature of a gas increases, so does the gas’s volume. This is because the particles move faster and spread out. In this lab, you will observe what happens when a gas is heated.

INQUIRY FOCUS ObserveMaterials: 2 identical, small balloons, 2 rulers, small tub of hot water, small tub of ice water

Procedure1. Put on your safety goggles and apron. Blow

up two balloons so they are exactly the same size.Knot the ends so air does not escape. Do not inflatethe balloons too much.

2. Place one of the balloons in the tub of ice waterand the other balloon in the tub of warm water. Usethe rulers to push down on the balloons so they aremostly underwater. Hold the balloons underwater fortwo minutes.

3. Quickly remove the two balloons from the water and compare their sizes.

4. Allow the balloons to sit on the table for 10 minutes and compare the sizes again.

Think It Over1. Describe the sizes of the balloons the moment you removed them from the water

2. How did the sizes of the balloons change as they sat on the table for 10 minutes?

3. Use your knowledge of molecular motion to explain what you observed.

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Heat Device Demos

Hero’s Engine Hero’s Engine

Drinking Bird Drinking Bird

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How many states of matter are there?We are very familiar with solids, liquids, and gases. For instance, in the case of

H2O, it can take the form of:

Solid(Ice) and Liquid(Water) and Gas(Steam)

However, there are actually several other states of matter that exist. Understanding

them all fully can be a rather complex exercise, so let's just examine the basics

instead.

The fourth state of matter, after gas, is plasma. Most people are familiar with

plasma primarily due to plasma screen TV's. Plasma is, essentially, an ionized gas.

This means that plasma is gas that has become so hot that some electrons have

become separated and have joined other nuclei. Plasma can act in bizarre,

unpredictable ways, and is therefore a somewhat dangerous form of matter.

Examples of plasma are: those found in plasma displays, including TVs; inside

fluorescent lamps (low energy lighting), neon signs; the area in front of a

spacecraft's heat shield during re-entry into the atmosphere; plasma ball toy

(sometimes called a plasma sphere or plasma globe);lightning; the Northern Lights;

the Sun and other stars ; and the solar wind.

The fifth state of matter, which is actually much lower on the energy scale than any

of the previously discussed, is called Bose- Einstein condensate(BEC). This is

also called the zero state of matter. It takes place when matter is frozen to a

temperature that is so low that it almost reaches absolute zero. In this state the

matter almost ceases to be, and the nuclei pile on top of each-other.

There are even more possibilities: Superfluids; Fermionic condensates; Strange

matter; Quark-gluon plasma; Degenerate matter; Supersolid; String-net liquid; Dark

matter. Look them up on the internet to find out more!

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Outside Reading Article and Extended REsponse Quia Assignment

Find a current article (2004-present)that relates to our current ISN.To find articles you can use these two great research resources:

1. Go to the NBJH homepage then Click on Library Resource Center and then use the data ---or---2.Use “Sato’s Science Search Engine” linked on Mr. Sato’s site

3. Write a Response should be one/two paragraphs that includes:•KEY IDEAS from the article.•CONNECTIONS from the article toa. The current science chapterb. Something from this unit we did in class or labc. Your own life

•EXTENSION OF IDEAs•GOOD BALANCE of References and Connections•Conclusion

4. Put into Quia

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Mind MapUse the Mind Map link to create a mind map aka concept map:

matter, states, solid, condensing, sublimingliquid, gas, plasma, melting, vaporizing, freezing

attach map here15 cm wide x 17 cm tall

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