island tourism lecture2
DESCRIPTION
Perencanaan PariwisataTRANSCRIPT
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ISLAND TOURISMDr. Apriyan Dinata
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PROBLEM OF DEFINITIONBeach tourismCoastal tourismIsland tourismMarine tourism
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BEACH TOURISMLimited in scopeMorphology of beach resorts (Russel Authur Smith)Physical design (hight control, design, aesthetics, landscaping, image)Often neglect daytrippers (toilets, changing rooms, public access)
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COASTAL TOURISMRelated to Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)Competing for scarce resources (against fisheries, agriculture, aquaculture, petroleum, etc.)Includes coasts, islands and sea up to 5 nautical milesInvolves policy planning
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MARINE TOURISMNew discipline in its own right (Orams)Activities in/on water and high yield tourismDiving, sports/deep sea fishing, yachting, island hopping, cruise tourism, kelong, whale watchingNew focus by MOTOUR/huge new research areaLacking in best practices/guidelines
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ISLAND TOURISMTraditional focus areaRomantic tourist image (Robinson Crusoe)Extensive literature/best practicesUsually concerns small islands (even Langkawi is a small island
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MAIN ISSUES IN ISLAND TOURISMScarce resourcesFragile resourcesRights of localsDisplacement/marginalisationConnectivity/accessibilityLack of population (human resource)Lack of business opportunities for localsEnvironmental degradationInstitutional framework
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SCARCE RESOURCESInadequate water supplySevere shortage during peak/dry seasonLimited surface water (rivers, streams, rain)Increasing dependence on ground water (wells) may lead to salt water intrusionSalination costlySubmarine pipe risky
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FRAGILE RESOURCEScoral reefs susceptible to sedimentation (reduced sunlight) boat anchor, oil spillage, damage by boat propellers, snorkellors, divers, crown of thorn (tapak sulaiman)Steep slopes prone to erosionWater pollution
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RIGHTS OF LOCALSPublic access/right of wayLocal way of life (cattle rearing vs. dropping/coconut litter)Fishing in marine parks
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DISPLACEMENT/MARGINALISATIONLocals displaced by investors from outsideCompensation/money from sale of land not reinvestedUnfair long term agreement with outsidersLocals employed as boat hand and manual workers
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CONNECTIVITYAir connection too expensive for localsLack of jettiesLocation of jettiesSafety of passenger boatsMonsoonEmergency services
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LACK OF POPULATIONOver dependence of imported workersBoredomLocals prefer to work at resorts/boat handWhat about supply of fish, chicken vegetables, breadSmall population,=lack of culture=No cultural attraction
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LACK OF BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES FOR LOCALSLack of capitalLack of business acumenLack of access to micro credit (Special Tourism Fund)Exploitation by outsiders
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ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATIONDepletion of corals trawlers and cruise shipsBeach erosionEncroachment onto beach reserveWater pollutionSolid waste disposalSewage treatmentVisual qualityCarrying capacityfree rider syndrome
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INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKOverlapping jurisdiction (too many agencies)No main agencyLack of manpower and trained personnelSo many legislations but lack of enforcement
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MANAGEMENT STRATEGIESUse of planning/management tools e.g. carrying capacity/LAC/TOMMExpanding economic base (reduce over reliance of chalet operation)Water managementSolid waste managementSewage treatmentRegulating diving/snorkellingBetter enforcement/partnershipImproving access to micro creditTrainingSustainability certificationImproving institution frameworkCreation of distinct tourist image