Islamic University of GazaIslamic University of GazaFaculty of NursingFaculty of Nursing

Trends And IssuesTrends And IssuesAli Hassan Abu RyalaAli Hassan Abu Ryala

NURSING PROFESSIONNURSING PROFESSION

NURSING PROFESSIONNURSING PROFESSION

Many nursing leaders believe that nursing Many nursing leaders believe that nursing established itself as a profession rather than established itself as a profession rather than being an occupation or a discipline.being an occupation or a discipline.

Acceptance as a profession allows nursing to Acceptance as a profession allows nursing to have more knowledge, authority, and self have more knowledge, authority, and self governing.governing.

There are as yet no clear-cut answer to “Is There are as yet no clear-cut answer to “Is nursing a profession” but as nursing continue to nursing a profession” but as nursing continue to develop in it’s three primary areas (education, develop in it’s three primary areas (education, practice, and research) it more and more meets practice, and research) it more and more meets the criteria defining a profession. the criteria defining a profession.

NURSING PROFESSION…contNURSING PROFESSION…cont Over the years nurses developed many Over the years nurses developed many

philosophies and definition of nursing.philosophies and definition of nursing. Nursing as a profession is a unique in that Nursing as a profession is a unique in that

it addresses in humanistic and holistic it addresses in humanistic and holistic responses of the individual clients and their responses of the individual clients and their families to actual or potential health families to actual or potential health problems.problems.

Expertise in nursing is the result of Expertise in nursing is the result of theoretical knowledge and clinical practice.theoretical knowledge and clinical practice.

The Aims of NursingThe Aims of NursingThe aim of Nursing is to:-The aim of Nursing is to:- Maintain and promote wellness, prevent Maintain and promote wellness, prevent

illness, care for and rehabilitate the sick of illness, care for and rehabilitate the sick of disabled through the human science of disabled through the human science of nursing.nursing.

Reduce stress.Reduce stress. Provide comfort to the client during Provide comfort to the client during

diseases process.diseases process.

The Aims of Nursing…contThe Aims of Nursing…cont

Provide service to individual families and Provide service to individual families and societies.societies.

Work independently with other health Work independently with other health workers assisting the client to gain workers assisting the client to gain independence as quickly as possible.independence as quickly as possible.

Develop interaction between nurse and Develop interaction between nurse and client.client.

Focus on a man a living unity and man’s Focus on a man a living unity and man’s qualitative participation with experiencequalitative participation with experience..

Characteristics of Nursing ProfessionCharacteristics of Nursing Profession

Well defined and well organized body of Well defined and well organized body of knowledge.knowledge.

Constantly enlarged body of knowledge Constantly enlarged body of knowledge improves techniques, used scientifically improves techniques, used scientifically based.based.

Entrusts education of practitioners Entrusts education of practitioners (increase education).(increase education).

Characteristics of Nursing Profession…contCharacteristics of Nursing Profession…cont

Apply knowledge into practice.Apply knowledge into practice. Function autonomously (comparison Function autonomously (comparison

between nursing and medicine).between nursing and medicine). Wanted as chosen occupation as life Wanted as chosen occupation as life

work.work. Provides freedom of action and Provides freedom of action and

opportunity for continues professional opportunity for continues professional growth and economic security.growth and economic security.

Steps of Professional DevelopmentSteps of Professional Development

Recognition of a problem by communityRecognition of a problem by community Untrained personnel deal with problem, Untrained personnel deal with problem,

using skills and procedures to handle the using skills and procedures to handle the problem.problem.

Theoretical body of knowledge basic to Theoretical body of knowledge basic to procedures is developed.procedures is developed.

Members continue to work together.Members continue to work together.

Steps of Professional Development…contSteps of Professional Development…cont

Professional interests or common interests Professional interests or common interests are formed and developed.are formed and developed.

People pay for service.People pay for service. Codes and standards are developed.Codes and standards are developed. These codes concerned with formed rules These codes concerned with formed rules

and formal practice.and formal practice. Methods of enforcing standards are Methods of enforcing standards are

established.established.

Status of ProfessionStatus of Profession

People expect special person of this People expect special person of this profession and high quality service.profession and high quality service.

Professional should have high knowledge Professional should have high knowledge and high ideals.and high ideals.

Professional will have high status in Professional will have high status in society.society.

Nursing is a Unique and Essential Public Nursing is a Unique and Essential Public ServiceService

In the practice of nursing great emphases is In the practice of nursing great emphases is placed on the acquisition of knowledge, placed on the acquisition of knowledge, application of scientific principals, and the application of scientific principals, and the development skills.development skills.

When planning patient care, each nurse is When planning patient care, each nurse is expected by the public to use good common expected by the public to use good common sense and mature judgment.sense and mature judgment.

Developing and implementing this plan requires Developing and implementing this plan requires nurse to function both dependant and nurse to function both dependant and independent role as follows:-independent role as follows:-

Dependant FunctionDependant Function Independent Function Independent Function

Dependant FunctionDependant Function

Dependant function of nursing is the traditional Dependant function of nursing is the traditional one of implementing the doctor’s order, but the one of implementing the doctor’s order, but the major difference today lies in the interpretation major difference today lies in the interpretation of these orders.of these orders.

Nurse is not blind obedient servant for doctor, Nurse is not blind obedient servant for doctor, but must know (why) the medication or but must know (why) the medication or treatment is prescribed, (what) to observe, treatment is prescribed, (what) to observe, (how) to prevent unwanted reaction, and (when) (how) to prevent unwanted reaction, and (when) intelligently intervene if reaction should occur.intelligently intervene if reaction should occur.

Dependant Function…contDependant Function…cont

Nurse may have occasion to question the advisability Nurse may have occasion to question the advisability of putting the doctor’s order into action.of putting the doctor’s order into action.

Questioning the physician order doesn’t mean that the Questioning the physician order doesn’t mean that the nurse countermands the order. It means seeking nurse countermands the order. It means seeking clarification for safety of patient.clarification for safety of patient.

If you deem an order written by the physician and If you deem an order written by the physician and administer it without thoughtful contemplation, you administer it without thoughtful contemplation, you may cause harm to your patient.may cause harm to your patient.

You -as a nurse or student nurse- are obliged to bring You -as a nurse or student nurse- are obliged to bring knowledge, skill competence to all aspects of patient knowledge, skill competence to all aspects of patient care.care.

Independent FunctionIndependent Function

The independent functions of nurse are The independent functions of nurse are related to three factors:related to three factors:

The limitation as defined in the nurse The limitation as defined in the nurse practice act.practice act.

The level of competence achieved as a The level of competence achieved as a nurse practitioner nurse practitioner

What is deemed prudent and safe nursing What is deemed prudent and safe nursing according to local regulation?according to local regulation?

Example of Independent FunctionsExample of Independent Functions

Supervision of patients (as a whole) management care- Supervision of patients (as a whole) management care- bio psycho social and spiritual).bio psycho social and spiritual).

Observation of symptoms and reactions (physical and Observation of symptoms and reactions (physical and mental).mental).

Accurate recording and reporting (facts and evaluation).Accurate recording and reporting (facts and evaluation). Supervision of nursing personnel and coordination of Supervision of nursing personnel and coordination of

others (contributions).others (contributions). Application of nursing procedures and techniques.Application of nursing procedures and techniques. Direction and education to secure physical and mental Direction and education to secure physical and mental

care for patient.care for patient.

The Professional NurseThe Professional Nurse

The role of professional nurse can be seen in:-The role of professional nurse can be seen in:- Providing skilled nursing care in hospital and Providing skilled nursing care in hospital and

community, performing complex functions requiring community, performing complex functions requiring specific skill and judgment (assessment, diagnoses, specific skill and judgment (assessment, diagnoses, plan, implementation, and evaluation).plan, implementation, and evaluation).

Maintain collaborative relationship with the physician Maintain collaborative relationship with the physician and other health workers and coordinating nursing care and other health workers and coordinating nursing care plan with medical care plan.plan with medical care plan.

Observing assessing and reporting effects of therapy Observing assessing and reporting effects of therapy making changes in nursing regime if indicates.making changes in nursing regime if indicates.

The Professional Nurse…contThe Professional Nurse…cont Interpreting and demonstrating skills of nursing Interpreting and demonstrating skills of nursing

care to others requiring this service.care to others requiring this service. Initiating changes in nursing care plan based on Initiating changes in nursing care plan based on

understanding of principals and assessment of understanding of principals and assessment of advances in medical and social sciences.advances in medical and social sciences.

Recognizing and using health practice, utilizing Recognizing and using health practice, utilizing opportunity to teach the patient and the family opportunity to teach the patient and the family about health problem.about health problem.

Performing to the level of team leader at the Performing to the level of team leader at the beginning, and by experiences and higher beginning, and by experiences and higher education may progress to positions of education may progress to positions of administration, teaching, consultation and administration, teaching, consultation and research.research.

The Professional Nurse…contThe Professional Nurse…cont Recognizing the extent need of patient for Recognizing the extent need of patient for

personal counseling and maintaining a relation personal counseling and maintaining a relation with him that provide support and security with him that provide support and security without losing him his identity and not violating without losing him his identity and not violating his privacy.his privacy.

Participating with member of allied profession, Participating with member of allied profession, other professionals and community groups in other professionals and community groups in solving health problems of community.solving health problems of community.

Understanding and fulfilling the historic role of Understanding and fulfilling the historic role of nursing.nursing.

The Code for Professional NurseThe Code for Professional Nurse

The nurse provides service with respect for The nurse provides service with respect for dignity of man, unrestricted by considerations of dignity of man, unrestricted by considerations of nationality, race creed, color, or status.nationality, race creed, color, or status.

The nurse safeguards individual’s right to The nurse safeguards individual’s right to privacy by judiciously protecting information of privacy by judiciously protecting information of confidential nature, sharing only that confidential nature, sharing only that information relevant to his care.information relevant to his care.

The nurse maintains individual competence in The nurse maintains individual competence in nursing practice, recognizing and accepting nursing practice, recognizing and accepting responsibility for individual action and responsibility for individual action and judgment.judgment.

The Code for Professional Nurse…contThe Code for Professional Nurse…cont

The nurse acts to safeguard the patient when his The nurse acts to safeguard the patient when his care and safety are affected by incompetent, care and safety are affected by incompetent, unethical, or illegal conduct of any person.unethical, or illegal conduct of any person.

The nurse uses individual competence as The nurse uses individual competence as criterion in accepting delegated responsibility criterion in accepting delegated responsibility and assigning nursing activities to others.and assigning nursing activities to others.

The nurse participates in research activities The nurse participates in research activities when assured that the rights of individual when assured that the rights of individual subjects are protected.subjects are protected.

The Code for Professional Nurse…contThe Code for Professional Nurse…cont The nurse participates in the efforts of the profession to The nurse participates in the efforts of the profession to

define and upgrade standards of nursing practice and define and upgrade standards of nursing practice and education.education.

The nurse participates in establishing and maintaining The nurse participates in establishing and maintaining conditions of employment conductive to high quality conditions of employment conductive to high quality nursing care.nursing care.

The nurse work with members of health professions and The nurse work with members of health professions and other citizens in promoting efforts to meet health needs other citizens in promoting efforts to meet health needs of the public.of the public.

The nurse refuses to give or imply endorsement to The nurse refuses to give or imply endorsement to advertising, promoting, or sale for commercial products, advertising, promoting, or sale for commercial products, services, or enterprises. services, or enterprises.

Thank you Thank you

Abu Al HassanAbu Al Hassan