islam review. identifications muslim: person who follows islam ka’aba: islam’s holiest shrine...
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Islam Review
IdentificationsMuslim: person who follows Islam
Ka’aba: Islam’s holiest shrine – located in Mecca – Arabic for cube
Bedouin: desert nomads
Hadith: sayings and teachings of Muhammad that did not come directly from the Angel Gabriel
Mecca: birthplace of Islam; holiest site
2
IdentificationsMosque: Muslim place of worship
Medina: first Islamic community, 2nd Holy city, Muhammad gains political and religious power
Hejira: 622 – Muhammad’s journey from Mecca to Medina; marks first expansion of Islam
Ramadan: Muslim religious holiday of fasting and prayer: commemorates when Muhammad first received the Qur’an from the Angel Gabriel
IdentificationsNight of Power: holiest night in Islam: Gabriel first
appears to Muhammad
Eid ul-Fitr: Muslim feast that celebrates end of Ramadan
People of the Book: Islamic term for Jews and Christians
Shariah: Islamic law = Qur’an and Hadith
Jihad: inner struggle to fulfill one’s religious duties + holy war in defense of Islam
IdentificationsHalal: “permissible,” with respect to food and drink: no pork or alcohol
Allah: Arabic word for God
Sunni: sect of Islam: believed caliph could be anyone qualified
Shi’ite: believed caliph should be direct descendant of Muhammad
Caliph: religious and secular leader of Islam
IdentificationsUmayyad Caliphate:
Capital was Damascus, Syria
Predominantly Sunni
Emphasis on Arab language and culture
IdentificationsAbbassid Caliphate:
Capital was Baghdad
More inclusive of other people: Persians, Turks, Indians
First 100 years was known as the Golden Age of Muslim Rule
Identify the Five Pillars of Islam
1. Declaration of Faith (Shahada)
“There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is His Prophet.”
2. Prayers (Salah) 5 X/day: face Mecca
3. Charity (Sawm): give to the old & poor
4. Fasting (Zakat): during Ramadan
5 .Pilgrimage (Hajj): must complete a pilgrimage to Mecca
What are the two major sects of Islam: Reason for split?
Two main branches of Islam:
Sunni: caliph can be anyone qualified
Shi’ite = caliph must be a direct descendant of Muhammad
Give three reasons for the spread of Islam in the 7th century.
1. The Arab armies were united in their beliefs
2. Weakness of Byzantine and Sassanid Empires
3. Many people welcomed the Arabs as liberators
4. Imposition of the jizya, or non-believer tax
5. Jihad or Holy War
List three lasting contributions of Islamic Civilization
Made advances in medicine, mathematics, and architecture
Improvements in navigation: mariner’s compass and astrolabe
Beautiful poetry Arabian Nights, The Rubaiyat
Muslim scholars preserved much Classical Knowledge
List three similarities between the three monotheistic religions:
1. Concept of social justice and human equality
2. Belief in an afterlife
3. Recognized many of the same Prophets
4. Holy Bible was considered holy
5. Both emphasized prayer and charity
The Dome of the Rock
The Ka’aba
The Alhambra
The Taj Mahal
The Al Masjid Mosque in Mecca
True/False QuestionsExamples:
1. The Hadith is a sacred text in Islam, because it is the direct word of God communicated to Muhammad through the Angel Gabriel.
2. The Abbassid Caliphate was short-lived because it did not allow people of other ethnic backgrounds into positions of power.
Multi-Blank Multiple Choice
Example:
Muhammad was a __________ who, at the age of 40, was first visited by __________. He then began to recite the ________.
a) Soldier; God; the Holy Bible
b) merchant; the Angel Gabriel; the Qur’an
c) Farmer; the Angel Gabriel; Hadith
d) Bedouin tribesman; Abraham; the Torah