islam “ february 7, 2014 objectives: students will be able to explain the main beliefs of islam...
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Islam“
February 7, 2014
• Objectives: Students will be able to explain the main beliefs of Islam and Christianity.
• Question: What is the significance of the yin and yang in Taoism?
• Agenda: Notes on Islam and Christianity- worksheets
Basics
There are 529,109,000 Muslims from areas around the Middle East and Arabia. The largest location of Muslims is in Indonesia.
The religion was founded in 610 AD.
Founder
The Islamic religion was founded by Mohammed
The Angel Gabriel appeared to him on Mt. Hira and asked him to be Prophet of God.
IslamAn Abrahamic Religion
IslamAn Abrahamic Religion Muslims are strict monotheists.
They believe in the Judeo- Christian God, which they call Allah.
Muslims believe that the Torah and the Bible, like the Qur’an, is the word of God.
The Origins of the Qur’an
The Origins of the Qur’an Muhammad received his first
revelation from the angel Gabriel in the Cave of Hira in 610.
622 Muhammed flees Mecca for Medina. * The beginning of the Muslim calendar (1 A.H.)
Muhammad’s revelations were compiled into the Qur’an after his death.
The Qur’anThe Qur’an Muslims believe it contains the word of God.
114 suras ( 29 chapters).
In the name of Allah, the compassionate, the merciful. Written in Arabic.
1. The Shahada1. The Shahada
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The testimony.
The declaration of faith:There is no god worthy of worship except God, andMuhammad is HisMessenger [or Prophet].
There is no god worthy of worship except God, andMuhammad is HisMessenger [or Prophet].
2. The Salat2. The Salat
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The mandatory prayers performed 5 times a day: * dawn * noon * late afternoon * sunset * before going to bed
Wash before praying.
Face Mecca and use a prayer rug.
2. The Salat2. The Salat
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The mandatory prayers performed 5 times a day: * dawn * noon * late afternoon * sunset * before going to bed
Wash before praying.
Face Mecca and use a prayer rug.
2. The Salat2. The Salat
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The call to prayer by the muezzin in the minaret.
Pray in the mosque on Friday.
3. The Zakat3. The Zakat
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Almsgiving (charitable donations).
Muslims believe that all things belong to God.
Zakat means both “purification” and “growth.”
About 2.5% of your income.
4. The Sawm4. The Sawm
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Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan.
Considered a method of self- purification.
No eating or drinking from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan.
Eid MubarakEid Mubarak
End of the Ramadan holiday.
5. The Hajj5. The Hajj
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The pilgrimage to Mecca.
Must be done at least once in a Muslim’s lifetime.
2-3 million Muslims make the pilgrimage every year.
5. The Hajj5. The Hajj
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Those who complete the pilgrimage can add the title hajji to their name.
The MosqueThe Mosque The Muslim place of worship.
The Dome of the Rock Mosque in
Jerusalem
The Dome of the Rock Mosque in
Jerusalem
Mount Moriah Rockwhere Muhammad ascended into heaven.
Other Islamic Religious Practices
Other Islamic Religious Practices
Up to four wives allowed at once.
No alcohol or pork.
No gambling.
Sharia body of Islamic law to regulate daily living.
Three holiest cities in Islam: * Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem.
Denominations
-Sunni-Shi’a-Sufism
Sunni
• Largest Group in Islam• Believe that the successor
of the Caliph (leader of Islamic nation) should be elected by the people
• Abu Bakr succeeded Muhammad by an election, Sunnis were happy
Shi’a
• Shiites believe that Muhammad should have been succeeded by his cousin, Ali ibn Abu Talib
• They think that the Caliph should only be a descendant of Muhammad
Sufism
• Mystical form of Islam• Focus on the internal
more spiritual aspects of Islam
• Perfecting one’s faith, and subduing ego
Supreme Being
Members of the Islamic religion pray to Allah.
Various Branches:Sufi: mystical branch; emphasized immediate sense
experience with Allah, somewhat pantheistic.Shiites: 1/5 of Islams belong to this group who believe
that Husein, Mohammed’s grandson, is a savior who died for mans sins.
Sunnites: very orthodox, at first translated literally, later reason interceded.
Final 3
• What is Sawm?
Historical Leaders
Mohammed HuseinAbu BakrOmarOthmanAli
Sacred Writings
The Qur’an “the recitation” is the sacred text of Islam and the highest authority in both religious and legal matters.
Muslims believe the Qur'an to be a flawless record of the Angel Gabriel's revelations to Muhammad from 610 until his death in 632 AD. It is also believed to be a perfect copy of a heavenly Qur'an that has existed eternally.
Holy Places
Mecca is the center of the Islamic world and the birthplace of both the Prophet Muhammad and the religion he founded.
Jerusalem is the capitol of Israel, “Adobe of Peace”
Essential Beliefs/Key IdeasA single, indivisible God. (God, the Creator, is just, omnipotent and
merciful)The AngelsThe divine scriptures, which include the Torah, the Psalms, the rest of
the bible, and the Qur’an.The messengers of God, including Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David,
Jesus and Muhammad.The Day of Judgment, when people will be judged upon the basis of
their deeds while on Earth and will either obtain reward of Heaven or punishment in Hell.
The supremacy of God’s will.
Key Leaders
CliphAyatollah (Grand)Grand MuftiImamMawlanaMuezzinMujtahidSahib
5 Pillars of Islam
Shahadah- There is no god but Allah and Mohammed is his prophet.
Salat- Prayer 5 times each day facing Mecca.Zakat- charity, generosity in almsgiving for poor
and unfortunate.Hajj- Pilgrimage, at least one to Mecca in a
lifetime.Sawm- particularly during the holy month of
Ramadan