islam as ad din ( way of life)
TRANSCRIPT
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CHAPTER TWO:
ISLAM AS AD-D IN
(A WAY OF LIFE)
CENTRE OF ISLAMIC THOUGHT &UNDERSTANDING (CITU) UITM
MALAYSIA
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REFERENCE:PROLEGOMENA TO THE
METAPHYSICS OF ISLAM
BY SYED MUHAMADNAQUIB AL-ATTAS
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2.1 DEFINITION OF AD-DIN
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ISLAM AS AD-DIN3
- When we speak about Islam,
We refer it as a religion(in English term)
But
We mean and understand by it --- ad-din
WHAT IS ISLAM AS AD-DIN??
FAITH
BELIEFS PRACTICES
TEACHINGS
ADHERED TO BY A MUSLIMS INDIVIDUALLY AND
COLLECTIVELY AS A COMMUNITY
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THE MEANING OF AD-DIN4
AD-DIN
SUBMISSIVENESSJUDICIOUS
POWER
NATURAL
INCLINATION/TENDENCY
INDEBTEDNESS
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1.INDEBTEDNESS judicious powerDIN DANABEING INDEBTED
DEBTOR (MADIN) CREDITOR(DAIN)
HAVE TO YIELD /SURRENDER / OBEY TO
LAW AND ORDINANCES
GOVERNING DEBTS.
UNDER OBLIGATION
INVOLVES
JUDGEMENT
TO SERVEA MASTER
TOBECOME
ENSLAVED
JUDGE / RULER /GOVERNOR
BECOMING
MIGHTY, POWERFUL,
STRONG
HAVE THEAUTHORITY TO
MAKE THE LAW, THE
ORDER, THE JUSTICE
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The situation described is practicable only inorganized societies involved in commercial life intownsand cities (MADINAH).
-Has a judge,ruler
(DAYYAN)- a civilized living- a societal life of lawand order
- justice andauthority
TAMADDUN = civilization,
refinement in social culture.
The concept of DIN reflects the natural tendencyof man to form societies and obey laws and seek
just government.
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QUESTION??...
HOW CAN THE CONCEPT OF BEINGINDEBTED BE EXPLAINED IN THE
RELIGIOUS AND SPIRITUAL CONTEXT?
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WHAT IS THE NATURE OF THEDEBT?
TO WHOM IS THE DEBT OWED?
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IS INDEBTED TO ALLAH
ALLAH
CREATOR -- BRING INSAN
INTO EXISTENCE
PROVIDER --- MAINTAIN
INSAN IN THE EXISTENCE
MAN WAS ONCE
NOTHING AND DID
NOT EXIST(SURAH INSAN:1)
- THE WHOLE MANKINDNOW EXISTING NEITHER
EXISTED NOR KNEW OFTHEIR POSSIBLE PRESENT
EXISTENCE.
-FOR CREATION- CAUSING GROWTHAND DEVELOPMENT- MATURE ANDPERFECT- SENSES (HEARINGAND SIGHT)
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Man does not cause his own growth anddevelopment.
Even in his mature and perfect state he is not ableto create for himself his sense of sight or hearing.
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INSANOWNS
ABSOLUTELYNOTHING TO
REPAY HIS DEBTBECAUSE
EVERYTHINGBELONGS TOALLAH
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QUESTION??...HOW TO PAY
THE DEBT TOALLAH???
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HE MUST RETURN HIMSELF TOALLAH WHO OWNS HIM
ABSOLUTELY.
RETURNING THE DEBTTO GIVE HIMSELF UP IN SERVICETO ABASE HIMSELF BEFORE HIM
ENSLAVES HIMSELF FOR THE SAKE OFALLAH IN ORDER TO FULFILL HIS
COMMANDS, PROHIBITIONS ANDORDINANCES.
TO LIVE OUT THE DICTATES OF HIS
LAW13
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IMPLICATION??....BY RETURNING HIMSELFTO ALLAH,BY LOYALLY ANDTRULY FOLLOWING AND
OBEYING ALLAHS COMMANDS ANDPROHIBITIONS, ORDINANCES AND LAW, THEMAN WILL RECEIVE HIS GOOD RETURNMULTIPLIED MANY TIMES OVER
AL BAQARAH: 164-165
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The Holy Prophet said:
The intelligent one is he who enslaveshimself (dana nafsahu) and works for that
which shall be after death.
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Abd= servant or slave of Allah
* being owned by Allah* realizes that he is indebted to Allah
* abases himself in service to Him
What is the differencebetween abdand khadim?
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A khadimgives khidmah (service).* He is free not a bondman.
* He owns himself.
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THE ACT OF SERVICEAPPROPRIATE FOR
INSAN
IBADAH
ALL CONCIOUS ANDWILLING ACTS OF SERVICE
FOR THE SAKE OF ALLAH
ALONE AND APPROVED BYHIM
FULFILL THEPURPOSE OFCREATION /EXISTENCE
SERVANT
KHALIFAH
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2. NATURAL INCLINATION (FITRAH)FITRAH = A PATTERN ACCORDINGTO WHICH ALLAH HAS CREATED
ALL THINGS IN ITS PROPERPLACE.
SUNNATULLAH = ALLAHS MANNER OFCREATING
SUBMISSION TOIT BRINGSHARMONY
OPPOSITIONTO IT BRINGS
DISCORD
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It is normalfor a man to serve Allahbecause it comes as a natural inclination forman to do so.
Din as fitrah refers to the realization of theCovenant Daybetween man and Allah.
It involves the true / origin nature of
rational soul and animal soul. Real freedom for man is when the soul acts
as his true nature demands.
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3) SUBMISSIVENESS
What is the meaning ofthe real submission to
Allah?
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REAL SUBMISSION TO ALLAH DOES NOTMEAN:
Just as belief or faith
momentary or erratic
Operate only within the realm of the heart withoutmanifesting itself outwardly in the action of thebody as works performed in obedience to Allahslaw.
BUT IT MEANS A continuous act lived throughout the entire span
of ones ethical life.
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The word denoting this sense of submissionis aslama.
Please check the following ayat:
1) An-Nisa : 232) Ali Imran : 85
3) Ali Imran : 19
Is there any other form of submission toGod?
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Islam is sincereand totalsubmission to Allahs will and thisis enactedwillinglyas absolute
obedience to the law revealed byHIM.
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Other religions have evolved theirown systems or forms of
submission based upon their own
cultural traditions, OR a mixture oftheir own cultural traditions with
traditions based upon Revelation.Now, lets check this ayat : (2:256)
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- In true religion there should be nocompulsion.
- One must not compel others to submit
- One must submit oneselfwholeheartedly, willingly, and love and
enjoy the submission.
WHAT ABOUT IBLIS?
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27IBLIS:- Believes in Allah
- Knows and acknowledges Allah as his Creator,Cherisher and Sustainer (RABB)
- BUT he is a misbeliever (Kafir)- Although Iblis submits to Allah, yet he submits
insolently and grudgingly
- His kufr is due to arrogance, disobedience,
rebellion.- His submission is the most notorious example of
unwilling submission.
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Real submission is shown by the HolyProphet.
Thus, the fundamental core of true
religion is not belief but thesubmission.
Because the submission confirms andaffirms the belief to be true andgenuine.
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THECOVENANT
ABDTO SERVE ALLAH
IBADAH
ALLCONCIOUS
AND WILLINGACTS OF
SERVICE FORTHE SAKE OF
ALLAH
MAKE THEANIMAL
SOUL
SUBJECT TOTHE
RATIONALSOUL
FREEDOM
BECAUSE HE HASFULFILLEDTHE PURPOSE OF
CREATION ANDEXISTENCE
ACHIEVE SUPREMEPEACE (ISLAM)=SEJAHTERA
THE RATIONALSOUL PACIFIED:MUTMANINNAH
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2.3 THE CONCEPT OF RELIGION AD-DIN) INISLAMIslam is the religion to humanity-offered since Adam-looks at mankind
as created frm single soul, male &female, black and white, rich and
poor
Rasulullah was sent to allpeople and nation. Not send
for certain tribe andcountries but to the whole
human race.
Allah mention: We have sentyou (Muhammad as a mercy)
to all nations (21;107)
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Literally: Islam means peaceand submission to God.Technically: Complete
submission to the will of God-Not to other creature
Once human being obeys Allahrules and laws, he is a Muslim.
Not a new religion, BUT thesame truth that god revealed to
all His prophets to everypeople.
Islam is both: religion andcomplete way of life-Muslim
follow the religion of peace,mercy and forgiveness
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Islam is NOT just a religion intraditional sense.-Not just
confined to the act of worship,
morality & other aspect ofpersonel piety.
The teaching of Islam alsocovered all other aspects of life-
Not only religious rituals andmorality. Also include guidance-applicable for all time and places
For example: economics, politics,welfare and family life-due to
diversity and success inProphets mission, Muslim haveclear guidance from God and
final prophet.
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Islam, as it has been declared by the Qur'an, andreligion as Muslims believe, is the perfect and
completion of the God's favor upon mankind sofar as the regulation of their life is concerned.
Allah says in the Qur'an:[This day I have perfected your religionfor you, completed My favors upon youand have chosen for you Islam as yourreligion.] (Al-Ma'idah 5:4)
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This verse speaks of the fact that the favors of Godin the form of deen(a code of life) have been
perfected in Islam and nothing that is not rooted in
it, whether in the form of belief or in the form ofindividual and social behavior, is acceptable to
God.
To a non-Muslimnurtured on a traditional concept ofreligion,-only a private relationship between man andHis Creator.
But for a Muslim, religion comprehends the whole oflife: its pattern of thought and behavior. It posits the
ideal of a life from the cradle to the grave. No sphere isleft in which the thoughts and deeds of a Muslim
both in his personal and public life areinconsequential for his fate in the Hereafter
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That is the reason why God exhorts people to acceptIslam in its entirety,
[O you who believe! Come all of you intosubmission (to Him); follow not the footstepsof the devil. He is an open enemy for you.] (Al-
Baqarah 2: 208)
Islam is the only religion of the world which knows NOdistinction between the religious and secular, but viewsin one sweep the entire life of humanity.
The philosophy of ethics, law and morals, manners,arts and sciences, forms of social, political and
economic organization, including the nature of familyand marriage side by side with the problems ofworship and theology have their legitimate place in
the all-inclusive system of Islam.
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The Qur'an calls upon Muslims to say:[Verily my prayers and my sacrifices and my life
and death are all for Allah.] (Al-An`am 6:162) It means: the whole life of people in all its spheres should
be an expression of complete submission to Allah, theCreator of this Universe and the Rightful Master.
Refer also: Ali Imran:85
Therefore, thebasic concept of religion in Islam vitalnecessity as the sunshine and air.
Just as the Sustainer and the Nourisher of the world has
made provision of all those things which humans need fortheir physical development+ Divine knowledge for thesatisfaction of his religious yearnings +for the fullest growthof their spiritual and moral self.
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Islam is acomplete
way of life
It covers allaspects ofhuman life
It is a way of life inIslam-aqidah, syariah,akhlaq,family,society,politics,transactions,education
Islam is arevealed religion(samawi)
It does notconfined toprayers only likeother religions
Islam is not similar tochristianity,hinduisme,-not just faith likeTaoisme,Confusiousnisme
DISCUSS..WHY???
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THEPILLARS
OFISLAM
AKHLAQSYARIAH
AQIDAH
2.4 THEPILLARS OF
ISLAM
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2.5 THE SPECIAL CHARACTERISTIC OFISLAMRABBANI
(BASED ONREVELATIO
N)
WASATI(BALANCE
D)
ABSOLUTE& ETERNAL ALAMI(UNIVERSAL)
WAQIE(PRACTICAL &
APPLICABLE)
SAMAWI & KAMIL(COMPREHENSIVENESS & COMPLETE)
INSANI(BASED
ONHUMAN)
BASED ONAUTHENTIC SOURCES
UNIQUENESS OF THENAME
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ALAMI(UNIVERSAL)
Among thebeauties of Islam:No intermediariesin the relationshipbetween personand God
Entering Islam, Notinvolve any specialceremonies orprocedure done infront of any peoplenor approval
BecomingMuslim very easy,everyone can doit even in thedesert.
Al-Quran repeatedlysaying O mankind(all human being)-never addressed as the
God of particular nation
Not restricted tocertain tribe andnation-addressedto all mankind
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From the beginning of the mission ofprophet Muhammad,his followers camefrom wide spectrum of individual ie:There was BILAL-African slave; SUHAIB-byzantine Roman; IBN SAILAM-TheJewish Rabbi and SALMAN-The Persian
Mankind is universal brotherhood-Islamis the only religion acceptable by Allah
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RABBANI
(DIVINEREVEALATION)
Concept of God
completely based on
divine revelation
Concept of God:characterized by
purity & clarity
Not made by myth,superstitions/
man-made
philosophical
ideas
Pure &
straightforwardteaching of Islam-
revealed unique
nature
Compared with otherreligion mix man-
made doctrine+ divinerevelation/ignored d.r
totally
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Islam concept of God is totally based on
what has God says about Himself-Clear
distinction between Creator and the
created (Pure and straightforward)
It is clear, nothing divine /worthy being
worship except Allah. Although Allah isTrascendent over creation-due to infinite
mercy, always involve with all affairs of
His creatures
By sending revelation through HisProphet,-allowed Himself to be known
through His unique & most beautiful
attributes
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ETERNAL &
ABSOLUTE
The message ofIslam eternallytrue-very robust
Pure monot ism inIslam, universalbrotherhood, positiveoutlook-STILL RELEVANTmeaningful to modernmanRelevance and
applicable to bothspiritual worldlylifeStill has a strong
spiritual impact onmillion of peopleliving in the worldtoday
Teaching of Islamno need to beupdated orwatered-down toappeal to human
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Teaching of Islam-Spirituallytrue, eternally practical-man canlived and implemented in dailylifeUnique among all other religions-Islam Notto be sacrificed its integrity to applicable to
modern lifeIslam applicable to people living
today in modern life just as it didfor people living 1400 years ago
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WASATI
(BALANCE)/MODERATION
e/t Islam all encompassway of life, it preachesmoderation-rejectsextremism
Islam NOT preachcomplete rejection toworldly life-NOT teachearthly life just forpleasure and enjoyment
Worldly pleasure stillcan be taken as long asthey enjoyed in a way inthe obedience to God
Divinely revealed-balanced in allaspects of life
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Muslim has to keep in mind that life in the
hereafter is the ultimate goal-so should be
charitable & Not too attached to worldlythings.
Keep maintained between mas
spiritual and physical needs.Human being responsible at
all level/ind, family, society
Rejects man-made religiousexcesses
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AUTHENTI
C SOURCES
Preservation of thescripture of Islam-Holy Quran
No other religionhas a scriptureboth as old andwell-preservedas Quran
Scholars admit thesimilarities betweenthe Quran exist todayand the old one duringRasulullah period
Quran not writtenby Rasulullah BUT itis a literal word ofGodComparison: Scriptureof other religion madeup by writing-Notauthentic-claim to bescripture even theauthor unknown
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Remain pure-writtendown memorizedduring the lifetime ofProphet s.a.w Quran is unique scripture-come down in its originalform and unique language
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DIRECT
RELATIONSHIP WITH GOD
In other religions,
people approach God
through intermediary-e.g saint, angle, Virgin
Mary and Jesus
In Islam, there isNo priest-eachworshipper, has
direct relationshipwith Merciful
Creator
Allah is Owner andSustainer ofeverything-providetrue and complete
forgiveness
It is only in Islam,
a person is
required ONLY to
pray to God
In Islam,praying/worshipping anything
other than Allahis the greatest sin
committed
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Other religionsnullify their belief-
make grave
mistake of NOTalways
approaching Himdirectly
Accor to them-due tosinfulness, human
cannot approach God
without intermediary-mistakenly implies thatGod unable/unwilling
to forgive human beingdirectly
In Islamicteaching, God
always ready to
bestow His mercyon anyone whoturns to him in
repentance
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AIMS AND OBJECTIVE OF ISLAM
To educate and guide human to know his or her Creator To lead human to the right path in life
To teach human to become good servant of God as avicegerence on earth To leave room to human to worship God (Human aredependant on God)
To give opportunity to human to achieve rewards in theirgood deeds on the earth To lead and teach human with the right way of his commandin ibadah and Muamalah( transactions)
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THANK YOU
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