islam and geography copyright © clara kim 2007. all rights reserved. deserts only a small...
TRANSCRIPT
Islam and Geography
Copyright © Clara Kim 2007. All rights reserved.
Deserts • Only a small __________ of _____________ land in
____________ of ____________ _____________
• Few ___________
• The rest is ____________
Bedouins
• _____________ who live in the desert
• Organized into tribes and _________
– Clans give ______________ and
_______________ since they live in
______________ conditions
– __________________ themselves from
other __________ who wanted
____________, ____________ territory,
______________________ or food supplies
Islamic Way of Life
• Bedouin _____________
– ____________
– ____________to family
– Warrior _________
• This would ____________
to _________________
way of __________.
Trade Routes• Many __________
__________ connected
_____________ to major
_________ and
_________ trade
_________
• Extreme _________
of the peninsula
– To the
______________ in
the north
– ______________
____________ went
to the _________
__________ in the
east
– Transported
_________ to the
west
Middle East& Islamic World
Mecca
• Located in ____________ _________
• ________________ __________ on trade routes
• During _________ ____________, caravans stopped
in Mecca and this brought ________________
pilgrims who came to _____________ at
the_____________
Kaaba
* Over the years many
__________________ gods and
___________ were
__________________ here
• Had over ________ idols
brought by many _________
• After Muhammad __________ some Muslims
– __________________ to pay _________
– Tried to say they were __________________ themselves
– Some tribes ________________ Islam
• In order to get things under ________________ , Abu-Bakr used the ______________ to get ________________
Notes: The Spread Of Islam
100%Islam
• Muhammad dies in __________
• Muslims now had to find a new _______________
• Muhammad did _________ ______________ a
_______________________
CrisisSolution
• Muslims chose _________
_________ who was a
loyal _______________of
____________________
• He became the first
_____________
• Caliph – (kay-lif) _______
______________________
______________________
Abu-Bakr
Muslim State• By the time Abu ____________, the Muslim state controlled _______ of _______________
• Under the next 2 caliphs they took:
– ___________
– Lower ______________
– Parts of _________________
• By ___________ they controlled from the __________________ Ocean to the _____________ River (2x the width
of the ___________!!)
Muslim Troops
• They were successful because they were
– Willing to ________________ till the end for ______________
– Well _________________________
– Expertly ___________________
• __________________ were not used to their style of __________________Copyright © Clara Kim 2007. All rights reserved.
Byzantine and Persia • The ______________________ and _______________ were already weak from long time _______________
• The people _________________ Islam
Treatment of Conquered People
• Muslims were _________________ of _________________ people
• The Quran forbids _________________ conversion
– They let others keep their _________________ if they paid a __________ ________
– People who did not ___________________ were not allowed to ____________ their own ____________________
Internal ConflictInternal Conflict•The 2 __________ after Abu Bakr were __________•________ their assassinations, the __________ system of __________ caliphs ________
Umayyads•A __________ that came to power in 661 •They set up a ___________ _________ of getting new __________•They moved the __________ __________ to ___________•_____________ themselves with ________•Some Muslims did not ________ with the __________ and _______
The Split•Muslims split into two groups:1. 2.
SHI’AThought the __________ should be a __________ of __________
SUNNIThis __________ followed the Umayyad rule and followed __________ example.
SufiAnother group who __________ against the _______ life of the __________They led a life of __________ and __________ to the __________ life of ________They __________ and __________ Focused on the __________
Muslim Achievement: Cultural Contributions
Muslim Architecture
Cultural Blending
• It is in _________________ that
the ___________ __________
__________ can be seen
• Already __________ buildings
were __________ by
__________ Ideals
• Islamic Features:
– Multi-lobed ______________
arches
– __________
– ______________
– Large ________________
• __________ built from
where __________ are called
to ____________ 5 times a
day
Minarets
Mosaics
• ______________ created using tiny pieces of __________ glass __________
• Muslims use __________ to create ______________
__________________ on ____________
Copyright © Clara Kim 2007. All rights reserved.
Arabic Alphabet
• ____________ was ________ used to
____________ the ____________ of
the ____________ (The Holy Book of
__________)
• Written from ____________ to
____________ Made up of _____
letters
Calligraphy
• Art of beautiful ____________ In
Islam, showing __________
things in _______ was not
____________
• So ____________ turned to
calligraphy to ____________
themselves.
• Turn to page 247 in books
• Muhammad ____________
believed in the ________ of
____________
• This led to ____________of
places of learning by ________
Leaders
• Qualified ____________ = treat
the sick
• Mathematicians and Astronomers
= ____________ times for
_________
Universities
Muslim Achievement Part 2: Scientific Contributions
Math
• Arabic ____________ were
__________ from ________
• Included the number _________
• _______ to study of __________
which helped _______________
lenses for _______________ and
__________________
Medical Advances
• The __________________
Book – An
___________________ of
______________ using
knowledge from Greek,
__________, Arabic and
_________ sources of
knowledge
Science • Relied on Scientific
________________ and
___________________
• Translated and studied
___________ texts
Astrolabe?
• What is it?
• What does it measure?
• What is it compared to?
• Describe this device.
Copyright © Clara Kim 2007. All rights reserved.