ise06csl47 - oops manual

PES INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT,SHIVAMOGGA

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

OOPS WITH C++ LAB MANUAL(06CSL47)

PREPARED BY: MRS. AFSHAN KHANUM

OOPS with C++ Lab Manual

1. Given that an EMPLOYEE class contains the following members:Data Members: Employee_Number, Employee_Name, Basic, DA, IT,Net_SalMember Functions: to read data, to calculate Net_Sal and to print data membersWrite a C++ program to read data on N employees and compute the Net_Sal of each employee(DA = 52% of Basic and Income Tax = 30% of the gross salary)

#include <iostream.h>#include <conio.h>class EMPLOYEE //implments the EMPLOYEE class{private:char employee_number[10],employee_name[10];float basic,DA,IT,net_sal;public:void Read_Data(); //reads the employee_number,// emloyee_name and basicvoid Calculate_Net_Salary(); //calculates the net salaryvoid Display_Data(); //Displays the data};void EMPLOYEE::Read_Data(){cout << "Enter the Employee Number and Name" << endl;cin >> employee_number >> employee_name;cout << "Enter the Basic Salary" << endl;cin >> basic;}void EMPLOYEE::Calculate_Net_Salary(){float Gross_Sal;DA = (52*basic)/100;Gross_Sal = basic+DA;IT = (30*Gross_Sal)/100;net_sal = Gross_Sal-IT;}void EMPLOYEE::Display_Data(){

Dept of IS&E


cout << "Emp Name:" << employee_name << "\tEmp Number:" <<employee_number;cout << "\t Net Salary:" << net_sal << endl;}void main(){int n,i;clrscr();cout << "Enter the number of employees: " ;cin >> n; cout << endl;EMPLOYEE Emp[10];cout << "Enter employee data" << endl;for(i=0; i<n; i++)Emp[i].Read_Data();for(i=0;i<n;i++){Emp[i].Calculate_Net_Salary();Emp[i].Display_Data();}}

2. Define a STUDENT class with USN, Name, and Marks in 3 tests of a subject. Declare an array of 10 STUDENT objects. Using appropriate functions, find the average of the two better marks for each student. Print the USN, Name and the average marks of all the students.

#include <iostream.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <conio.h>class STUDENT{private:char USN[10], Name[10];float marks1, marks2, marks3; //marks for the three subjectsfloat average_marks; //Average marks for the best twopublic:void Read_Data();void Calculate_Average_Marks();void Display_Data();};void STUDENT::Read_Data(){cout << "Enter the name and USN : " ;cin >> Name >> USN; cout << endl;

Dept of IS&E


cout << "Enter marks1, marks2, marks3 : " ;cin >> marks1 >> marks2 >> marks3; cout << endl;}void STUDENT::Calculate_Average_Marks(){int smallest;if( (marks1 < marks2) && (marks1 < marks3) ) average_marks = (marks2+ marks3)/2;else if (marks2 < marks3) average_marks = (marks1 + marks3)/2;else average_marks = (marks1 + marks2)/2;}void STUDENT::Display_Data(){cout << "USN:" << USN << "\t Name:" << Name << "\t Average Marks:";printf("%0.2f\n",average_marks);}void main(){STUDENT student[10];clrscr();for(int i=0;i<10;i++) student[i].Read_Data();for(i=0;i<10;i++){student[i].Calculate_Average_Marks();

student[i].Display_Data();}}

3. Write a C++ program to create a class called COMPLEX and implement the following overloading functions ADD that return a complex number:(i) ADD(a, s2) – where ‘a’ is an integer (real part) and s2 is a complexnumber(ii) ADD(s1, s2) – where s1 and s2 are complex numbers

#include <iostream.h>#include <conio.h>#include <math.h>class COMPLEX{private:

Dept of IS&E


int a, imaginary;public:void Read_data();void Add(COMPLEX s1, COMPLEX s2);void Add(int realnum, COMPLEX s2);friend ostream& operator << (ostream& out, COMPLEX t);};void COMPLEX::Read_data(){cout << "Enter the real part and imaginary part: ";cin >> a >> imaginary; cout << endl;}void COMPLEX::Add(COMPLEX s1,COMPLEX s2){a = s1.a + s2.a;imaginary = s1.imaginary + s2.imaginary;}void COMPLEX::Add(int realnum, COMPLEX s2){a = realnum + s2.a;imaginary =s 2.imaginary;}ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, COMPLEX t){out << t.a;if(t.imaginary < 0)out << "-i";elseout << "+i";out << abs(t.imaginary);return out;}void main(){COMPLEX s1, s2, s3, s4;clrscr();

cout << "Addition of two complex numbers -" << endl;s1.Read_data();s2.Read_data();s3.Add(s1,s2);cout << "The resultant complex number is: ";cout << s3 << endl;cout << "Addition of a real number only-" << endl;cout << "Enter the real part: ";

Dept of IS&E


int realnum;cin >> realnum;s4.Add(realnum, s2);cout << "The resultant complex number: ";cout << s4 << endl;}

4. Write a C++ program to create a class called LIST (linked list) with member functions to insert an element at the front as well as to delete an element from the front of the list. Demonstrate all the functions after creating a list object.

#include <iostream.h>#include <process.h>#include <string.h>#include <conio.h>class LIST{public:int info;LIST *next;};class LINKED_LIST{LIST *head;public:LINKED_LIST(){head = NULL;}void InsertF();void DeleteF();void Display_List();};void LINKED_LIST::InsertF(){LIST *temp;int item;cout << "Enter the data: ";cin >> item; cout << endl;

Dept of IS&E


temp = new LIST;temp->info = item;temp->next = NULL;if(head == NULL)head = temp;elsetemp->next = head;head = temp;}void LINKED_LIST::DeleteF(){LIST *temp;if(head == NULL)cout << "No data is present" << endl;else{temp = head;head = head->next;cout << "The deleted data is: " << temp->info << endl;delete temp;}}void LINKED_LIST::Display_List(){if(head == NULL)cout << "No data is present" << endl;elsefor(LIST *temp = head; temp != NULL; temp =temp->next)cout << temp->info << "->" << endl;}void main(){LINKED_LIST s1;clrscr();int ch=1;while(ch){cout << "1 Insert_front2 Delete_front3 Display List0 Exit\n";cin >> ch;switch(ch){case 1 : s1.InsertF();

Dept of IS&E


break;case 2 : s1.DeleteF();break;case 3 : s1.Display_List();break;default: cout << "Wrong choice!" << endl;cout << "Enter the choice again, with 0 to quit" <<endl;cin >> ch;}//end switch} //end while(ch)}//end main()

5. Write a C++ program to create a template function for Quicksort and demonstrate sorting of integers and doubles.

#include <iostream.h>#include <conio.h>#include <process.h>template <class T>class QUICK_SORT{private:T a[20];int low, high, size;public:QUICK_SORT(int n){size=n;}void Get_Data();void Quick(int low, int high);int Partition(int low, int high);void Display_Data();};template<class T>void QUICK_SORT<T>::Get_Data(){cout<<"Enter the elements to be inserted" << endl;for(int i=0; i<size; i++)cin >> a[i];}

Dept of IS&E


template<class T>void QUICK_SORT<T>::Quick(int low, int high){int j;if(low <= high){j = Partition(low,high);Quick(low, j-1);Quick(j+1, high);}}template<class T>int QUICK_SORT<T>::Partition(int low, int high){int i, j;T key;I = low + 1;J = high;Key = a[low];while(1){while(I < high && key >= a[i]) i++;while(key <a[j]) j--;if(I < j){T temp = a[i];a[i] = a[j];a[j] = temp;}else{T temp = a[j];a[j] = a[low];a[low] = temp;return j;}}//end while}//end QUICK_SORT<T>template<class T>void QUICK_SORT<T>::Display_Data(){int i;cout << "The sorted list is";for(i=0; i<size; i++)cout << ", "<<a[i];

Dept of IS&E


cout << endl;}void main(){int n, ch;clrscr();cout<<"Enter number of data: ";cin>>n; cout << endl;QUICK_SORT<int>Q1(n);QUICK_SORT<double>Q2(n);cout << "1.To sort integer data " << endl;cout << "2.To sort double data" << endl;cout << "3.To quit" << endl;cout << "Enter your choice" << endl;cin >> ch;switch(ch){case 1:Q1.Get_Data();Q1.Quick(0,n-1);Q1.Display_Data();break;case 2:Q2.Get_Data();Q2.Quick(0,n-1);Q2.Display_Data();break;}getch();}//end main()

6. Write a C++ program to create a class called STACK using an array of integers. Implement the following operations by overloading the operators ‘+’ and ‘-‘:(i) s1 = s1 + element; where s1 is an object of the class STACK and element is an integer to be pushed on the top of the stack (ii) s1 = s1- ; where s1 is an object of the class STACK. ‘-‘ operator pops the element.Handle the STACK empty and full conditions. Also display the contents of the stack after each operation, by overloading the << operator.

#include <iostream.h>#include <process.h>

Dept of IS&E


#include <conio.h>class STACK{private:int a[10], size, top;public:STACK(int n){top = -1;size = n;}void operator +(int x);void operator -();friend ostream &operator << (ostream &out, STACK st);};void STACK::operator+(int x){if(top == size-1)cout << "Stack is overflow" << endl;elsea[++top] = x;}void STACK::operator -(){if(top == -1)cout << "Stack is underflow" << endl;elsecout << "The popped element is" <<a [top--] << endl;}ostream &operator<<(ostream &out, STACK st){if(st.top == -1)cout << "Stack is underflow" << endl;elsefor(int i=st.top; i>=0; i--)cout << st.a[i] << "->";cout << endl;return out;}void main(){int n,ch,x;clrscr();cout << "Enter size of stack:";cin >> n;

Dept of IS&E


STACK s1(n);while(1){cout << endl << ”1 To push2 To pop3 To display4 To exit"; << endlcout << "Enter your choice:";cin >> ch;switch(ch){case 1:cout << "Enter the data to push:";cin >> x;s1+x;break;case 2:-s1;break;case 3:cout << "The content of stack:";cout << s1;break;default:cout << "Program is terminated\n";exit(0);}//end switchgetch();}//end while}//end main

7. Write a C++ program to create a class called DATE. Accept two valid dates in the form dd/mm/yy. Implement the following operations by overloading the operators ‘+’ and ‘-‘. After every operation display the results by overloading the operator <<.(i) no_of_days = d1 – d2; where d1 and d2 are DATE objects, and no_of_days is an integer(ii) d2 = d1 + no_of_days; where d1 is a DATE object and no_of_days is an integer

#include <iostream.h>#include <conio.h>#include <process.h>class DATE{

Dept of IS&E


private:int flag, day, month, year;public:DATE(int d, int m, int y){day = d, month = m,year = y;if((year%4) == 0)flag=1;elseflag=0;}int operator -(DATE D2);DATE operator +(int n);friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &out,DATE D1);int return_integer_date(DATE D1);};int a[13]={0,31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31};int b[13]={0,31,29,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31};int DATE::return_integer_date(DATE D1){int int_value = D1.day;if((D1.flag == 1) && (D1.month > 2)){for(int I = 0; i<D1.month; i++)int_value+a[i];int_value++;}elsefor(int i=0;i<D1.month;i++)int_value=int_value+a[i];return int_value;}int DATE::operator -(DATE D2){int a1, a2,x = 0;DATE D1(day, month, year);if(D1.day == D2.day && D1.month == D2.month && D1.year == D2.year)return x;a1 = return_integer_date(D1);a2 = return_integer_date(D2);for(int i = D1.year-1; I > D2.year; i--);{if(i%4 == 0)x = x+366;else

Dept of IS&E


x = x+365;}if(D1.year == D2.year)x = x+a1-a2;else{x = x+a1;if(D2.year%4 == 0)x = x+(366-a2);elsex = x+(365-a2);}return x;}DATE DATE::operator+(int n){DATE D(day, month, year);for(int i=0; i<n; i++){D.day++;if(D.year%4 == 0){D.flag=1;if(D.day > b[D.month]){D.day = 1;D.month++;}}else{D.flag=0;if(D.day > a[D.month]){D.day=1;D.month++;}}if(D.month > 12){D.month=1;D.year++;}}return D;

Dept of IS&E


}ostream &operator<<(ostream &out,DATE D1){out << D1.day << "/" << D1.month << "/" << D1.year;return out;}void main(){int d, m, y, no_of_days;clrscr();cout << "Enter A(VALID)DATE\n";cout << "ENTER DAY (dd):";cin >> d;cout << "ENTER MONTH(mm):";cin >> m;cout << "ENTER YEAR(yyyy):";cin >> y;cout << endl;DATE D1(d,m,y);cout << "Enter another(Valid)DATE(Earlier to that entered above)\n";cout << "ENTER DAY(dd):";cin >> d;cout << "ENTER MONTH(mm):";cin>>m;cout<<"ENTER YEAR(yyyy):";cin >> y;cout << endl;DATE D2(d,m,y);Cout << "First DATE ENTERED:" << D1 << endl << endl;Cout << "Second DATE ENTERED:" << D2 << endl << endl;no_of_days = D1-D2;cout <<"The difference between the 2 days:"<<no_of_days<<endl<<endl;cout << "Enter a no.:";cin >> no_of_days;D1 = D2 + no_of_days;cout<<"\n The resulting dare from the DATE"<<D2<<"IS:"<<D1<<endl;getch();}

8 Write a C++ program to create a class called MATRIX using twodimensional array of integers. Implement the following operations by overloading the operator ++ whch checks the compatibility of two matrices to be added and subtracted. Perform the addition and subtraction by overloading the + and – operators respectively. Display the results by overloading the operator <<.

Dept of IS&E


If (m1==m2){m3=m1+m2;m4=m1-m2;}elsedisplay error

#include <iostream.h>#include <conio.h>#include <process.h>class MATRIX{int m, n;int arr[20][20];public:MATRIX(int a, int b ) //parametrized constructor{ m=a;n=b;}friend int operator==(MATRIX,MATRIX);friend MATRIX operator+(MATRIX,MATRIX);friend MATRIX operator-(MATRIX,MATRIX);void get();friend ostream& operator<<(ostream&,MATRIX);/* MATRIX operator=(MATRIX r);*/}; //end of class defnint operator==(MATRIX M1,MATRIX M2){if((M1.m==M2.m) && (M1.n==M2.n)) return 1;return 0;}MATRIX operator+(MATRIX M1,MATRIX M2){MATRIX M3(M1.m,M1.n);for(int i=0;i<M1.m;i++)for(int j=0;j<M1.n;j++)M3.arr[i][j]=M1.arr[i][j] + M2.arr[i][j];return M3;}

MATRIX operator-(MATRIX M1,MATRIX M2){MATRIX M3(M1.m,M1.n);

Dept of IS&E


for(int i=0;i<M1.m;i++)for(int j=0;j<M1.n;j++)M3.arr[i][j]=M1.arr[i][j] - M2.arr[i][j];return M3;}void MATRIX::get(){for(int i=0;i<m;i++)for(int j=0;j<n;j++){cout<<"Enter the element at row "<<i+1<<" and column"<<j+1<<" :";cin>>arr[i][j];}}ostream& operator<<(ostream& out,MATRIX s){for(int i=0;i<s.m;i++){for(int j=0;j<s.n;j++)out<<s.arr[i][j]<<" ";out<<endl;}return out;}int main(){int a,b,c,d,ch;clrscr();cout<<"Enter the number of rows in matrix A:";cin>>a;cout<<"Enter the number of columns in matrix A:";cin>>b;cout<<"Enter the number of rows in matrix B:";cin>>c;cout<<"Enter the number of columns in matrix B:";cin>>d;MATRIX p(a,b),q(c,d),r(a,b);cout<<"Enter Matrix A:"<<endl;p.get();cout<<"Enter Matrix B:"<<endl;q.get();lblmenu:cout<<"1) Add 2) Subtract 3) Quit :";cin>>ch;

Dept of IS&E


if(ch<1 || ch>3) goto lblmenu;if(ch==1){if(p==q){r=p+q;cout<<r;}elsecout<<"Cant add."<<endl;}if(ch==2){if(p==q){r=(p-q);cout<<r;}else cout<<"Cant subtract."<<endl;}if(ch==3){exit(0);}goto lblmenu;}

9. Write a C++ program to create a class called OCTAL which has the characteristics of an octal number. Implement the following operations by writing an appropriate constructor and an overloaded operator +.(i) OCTAL h = x; where x is an integer.(ii) int y = h + k; where h is an OCTAL object and k is an integerDisplay the OCTAL result by overloading the operator << . Also display the valuesof h and y.

#include <iostream.h>#include <conio.h>#include <math.h>class octal{private:int o;

Dept of IS&E


public:octal();octal(int);~octal();int dectooct(int x);int octtodec(int x);friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &print,octal);int operator +(int);};octal::octal(){}octal::octal(int x){o=dectooct(x);}octal::~octal(){}int octal::dectooct(int x){int i=0,sum=0,rem;while(x!=0){rem=x%8;sum=sum+rem*pow(10,i);i++;x=x/8;}return sum;}int octal::octtodec(int x){int i=0,sum=0,rem;while(x!=0){rem=x%10;sum=sum+rem*pow(8,i);i++;x=x/10;}return sum;}ostream &operator<<(ostream &print,octal x){

Dept of IS&E


print<<x.o;return print;}int octal::operator+(int x){return octtodec(o)+x;}main(){clrscr();int x,y,k;cout<<endl<<"Enter the value of x in decimal notation:";cin>>x;octal h(x);cout<<endl<<"Corresponding value of x in octal notation,h="<<h;cout<<endl<<"Enter the value of k in decimal notation:";cin>>k;cout<<"The value of k="<<k;y=h+k;cout<<endl<<"The value of h+k in decimal notation,y="<<y;getch();return 0;}

10. Write a C++ program to create a class called QUEUE with member functions to add an element and to delete an element from the queue. Using the member functions, implement a queue of integers and double. Demonstrate the operations by displaying the contents of the queue after every operation.

#include <iostream.h>#include <conio.h>#include <iomanip.h>#define size 3template<class t>class queue{private:t a[size];int f,r;public:

Dept of IS&E


queue();~queue();void add();void del();void dis();};template<class t>queue<t>::queue(){f=-1;r=-1;}template<class t>queue<t>::~queue(){}template<class t>void queue<t>::add(){if(r==size-1)cout<<endl<<"queue is full";else{r++;cout<<endl<<"Enter the data:";cin>>a[r];if(f==-1)f=0;}}template<class t>void queue<t>::dis(){if(f==-1)cout<<endl<<"queue is empty";else{cout<<endl<<"Content of queue:"<<endl;for(int i=f;i<=r;i++)cout<<setw(5)<<a[i];}}template<class t>void queue<t>::del(){

Dept of IS&E


if(f==-1)cout<<endl<<"queue is empty";else{cout<<endl<<"Deleted element is"<<a[f];if(f==r)f=r=-1;elsef=f+1;}}main(){queue<int>q;int ch=1;clrscr();while(ch){cout<<endl<<"Enter 1 to add a data to queue:";cout<<endl<<"Enter 2 to delete a data from the queue:";cout<<endl<<"Enter 0 to quit:";cout<<endl<<"Enter your choice:";cin>>ch;switch(ch){case 1:q.add();q.dis();break;case 2:q.del();q.dis();break;}}getch();return 0;}

11. Write a C++ program to create a class called DLIST (doubly Linked List) with member functions to insert a node at a specified position and delete a node from a specified position of the list. Demonstrate the operations by displaying the content of the list after every operation.

Dept of IS&E


#include <iostream.h>#include <iomanip.h>#include <conio.h>#include <stdlib.h>struct node{int data;node *llink,*rlink;};class dlist{private:struct node *head;public:dlist();~dlist();void create();void addatpos();void delatpos();void dis();};dlist::dlist(){head=NULL;}dlist::~dlist(){delete head;}void dlist::create(){int no,i;struct node *n;cout<<endl<<"Enter number of elements:";cin>>no;for(i=1;i<=no;i++){n=new node;n->rlink=NULL;n->llink=NULL;cout<<endl<<"Enter the data:";cin>>n->data;if(head==NULL)head=n;else

Dept of IS&E


{n->rlink=head;head->llink=n;head=n;}}return;}void dlist::addatpos(){struct node *n;int p;cout<<endl<<"Enter position:";cin>>p;n=new node;n->llink=NULL;n->rlink=NULL;cout<<endl<<"Enter data:";cin>>n->data;if(p==1){n->rlink=head;head->llink=n;head=n;}else{int i=1;struct node *t;t=head;while(i<=p-2){t=t->rlink;i++;}n->rlink=t->rlink;t->rlink->llink=n;n->llink=t;t->rlink=n;}return;}void dlist::delatpos(){struct node *t;

Dept of IS&E


int i,p;cout<<endl<<"Enter position:";cin>>p;if(p==1){head=head->rlink;head->llink=NULL;return;}t=head;i=1;while(i<p&&t!=NULL){t=t->rlink;i++;}if(t->rlink==NULL)t->llink->rlink=NULL;else{t->llink->rlink=t->rlink;t->rlink->llink=t->llink;}return;}void dlist::dis(){struct node *t;t=head;if(t==NULL)cout<<endl<<"Empty list:";else{cout<<endl<<"Content of the list"<<endl;while(t!=NULL){cout<<setw(5)<<t->data;t=t->rlink;}}return;}main(){dlist d;

Dept of IS&E


int ch=1;clrscr();while(ch){cout<<endl<<"Enter 1 to create double linked list:";cout<<endl<<"Enter 2 to add element at position:";cout<<endl<<"Enter 3 to delete an element at a position:";cout<<endl<<"Enter 0 to quit:";cout<<endl<<"Enter your choice:";cin>>ch;switch(ch){case 1:d.create();d.dis();break;case 2:d.addatpos();d.dis();break;case 3:d.delatpos();d.dis();break;}}getch();return 0;}

12. Write a C++ program to create a class called STUDENT with data members USN, Name and Age. Using inheritance, create the classes UGSTUDENT and PGSTUDENT having fields as Semester, Fees and Stipend. Enter the data for at least 5 students. Find the semester-wise average age for all UG and PG studentsseparately.

#include<iostream.h>#include<iomanip.h>#include<conio.h>class student{

Dept of IS&E


private:char name[20];int reg,age;public:student();~student();void getsdata();int giveage();};student::student(){}student::~student(){}int student::giveage(){return age;}void student::getsdata(){cout<<endl<<"Name:";cin>>name;cout<<"Reg.No.:";cin>>reg;cout<<"Age:";cin>>age;}class ugstudent:public student{private:int sem,fee,sti;public:ugstudent();~ugstudent();void getugdata();int givesem();};ugstudent::ugstudent(){}ugstudent::~ugstudent(){}void ugstudent::getugdata()

Dept of IS&E


{getsdata();cout<<"Semester:";cin>>sem;cout<<"Fee:";cin>>fee;cout<<"Stipend:";cin>>sti;}int ugstudent::givesem(){return sem;}class pgstudent:public student{private:int sem,fee,sti;public:pgstudent();~pgstudent();void getpgdata();int givesem();};pgstudent::pgstudent(){}pgstudent::~pgstudent(){}void pgstudent::getpgdata(){student::getsdata();cout<<"Semester:";cin>>sem;cout<<"Fee:";cin>>fee;cout<<"Stipend:";cin>>sti;}int pgstudent::givesem(){return sem;}main(){

Dept of IS&E


ugstudent u[10];pgstudent p[10];int i,n;clrscr();cout<<endl<<"Enter number of students:";cin>>n;for(i=1;i<=n;i++){cout<<endl<<"Enter the details of UG student"<<i<<endl;u[i].getugdata();}for(int s=1;s<=8;s++){float sum=0;int flag=0,cou=0;for(i=1;i<=n;i++)if(u[i].givesem()==s){sum=sum+u[i].giveage();flag=1;cou++;}if(flag==1)cout<<endl<<s<<"Semester"<<"average age is"<<sum/cou;}for(i=1;i<=n;i++){cout<<endl<<"Enter thge details of PG student"<<i<<endl;p[i].getpgdata();}for(s=1;s<=8;s++){float sum=0;int flag=0,cou=0;for(i=1;i<=n;i++)if(p[i].givesem()==s){sum=sum+p[i].giveage();flag=1;cou++;}if(flag==1)cout<<endl<<s<<"Semester"<<"average age is"<<sum/cou;}getch();

Dept of IS&E


return 0;}

13. Write a C++ program to create a class called STRING and implement the following operations. Display the results after every operation by overloading the operator <<.(i) STRING s1 = “VTU”(ii) STRING s2 = “BELGAUM”(iii) STRING s3 = s1 + s2 (Use copy constructor)

#include<iostream.h>#include<conio.h>#include<string.h>class string{private:char s[20];public:string();~string();string(char x[]);string(string & x);friend string operator+(string s1,string s2);friend ostream & operator<<(ostream &print,string x);};string::string(){}string::string(char x[]){strcpy(s,x);}string::string(string & x){strcpy(s,x.s);}string::~string(){}string operator+(string s1,string s2){string temp(s1);strcat(temp.s,s2.s);return temp;

Dept of IS&E


}ostream & operator<<(ostream & print,string x){print<<x.s<<endl;return print;}main(){clrscr();string s1="VTU";cout<<endl<<"First string is"<<s1;string s2="BELAGAUM";cout<<endl<<"Second string is"<<s2;string s3=s1+s2;cout<<endl<<"Resultant string is"<<s3;getch();return 0;}

14. Write a C++ program to create a class called BIN_TREE (Binary Tree) with member functions to perform in-order, preorder and post-order traversals. Create a BIN_TREE object and demonstrate the traversals.

#include<iostream.h>#include<conio.h>#include<stdlib.h>#include<iomanip.h>struct node{int data;node*llink,*rlink;};class btree{private:node*root;public:btree();~btree();struct node*create();void inorder(node *root);void preorder(node *root);void postorder(node *root);};btree::btree()

Dept of IS&E


{root=NULL;}btree::~btree(){delete root;}node *btree::create(){node *n,*f,*c;int i,no;cout<<endl<<"Enter member of elements in the tree:";cin>>no;for(i=1;i<=no;i++){n=new node;n->llink=NULL;n->rlink=NULL;cout<<endl<<"Enter the data:";cin>>n->data;if(root==NULL)root=n;else{f=root;c=root;while(c!=NULL){f=c;if(n->data<c->data)c=c->llink;elsec=c->rlink;}if(n->data<f->data)f->llink=n;elsef->rlink=n;}}return root;}void btree::inorder(struct node *root){if(root!=NULL)

Dept of IS&E


{inorder(root->llink);cout<<root->data<<setw(5);inorder(root->rlink);}}void btree::preorder(struct node *root){if(root!=NULL){cout<<root->data<<setw(5);preorder(root->llink);preorder(root->rlink);}}void btree::postorder(struct node *root){if(root!=NULL){postorder(root->llink);postorder(root->rlink);cout<<root->data<<setw(5);}}main(){clrscr();btree b;struct node *root;root=b.create();cout<<endl<<"Inorder traversal:"<<endl;b.inorder(root);cout<<endl<<"Preorder traversal:"<<endl;b.preorder(root);cout<<endl<<"Postorder traversal:"<<endl;b.postorder(root);getch();return 0;}

15. Write a C++ program to create a class called EXPRESSION. Using appropriate member functions convert a given valid Infix expression into postfix form. Display the infix and postfix expressions.

#include<iostream.h>

Dept of IS&E


#include<conio.h>#include<string.h>#include<ctype.h>class expression{private:char infix[20],postfix[20],stack[20];int top;public:expression();expression(char s[20]);~expression();void push(char ch);char pop();int priority(char ch);void infixtopostfix();void dis();};expression::expression(){top=-1;}expression::expression(char s[20]){strcpy(infix,s);top=-1;}expression::~expression(){}void expression::push(char ch){top=top+1;stack[top]=ch;}char expression::pop(){char ch;ch=stack[top];top=top-1;return ch;}int expression::priority(char ch){int p;

Dept of IS&E


switch(ch){case'/':case'*':p=2;break;case'+':case'_':p=1;break;case'(':p=0;break;case'#':p=-1;break;}return p;}void expression::infixtopostfix(){int i,p;char ch;i=0;p=0;push('#');while(infix[i]!='\0'){ch=infix[i];switch(ch){case'(':push(ch);break;case')':while(stack[top]!='('){postfix[p]=pop();p=p+1;}pop();break;case'*':case'/':case'+':

Dept of IS&E


case'-':while(priority(stack[top])>=priority(ch)){postfix[p]=pop();p=p+1;}push(ch);break;default:postfix[p]=ch;p=p+1;}i=i+1;}while(stack[top]!='#'){postfix[p]=pop();p=p+1;}postfix[p]='\0';return;}void expression::dis(){cout<<postfix;}main(){char s[20];clrscr();cout<<endl<<"Enter a valid infix expression:";cin>>s;expression ex(s);ex.infixtopostfix();cout<<"Converted postfix expression:";ex.dis();getch();return 0;}

Dept of IS&E

ise06csl47 - oops manual

Documents