is there an increased cv risk in patients on trt? · pdf filemario maggi sexualmedicine &...
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Is there an increased CV
risk in patients on TRT?
Mario MaggiSexual Medicine &
AndrologyUniversity of Florence,[email protected]
Is there an increased CV
risk in patients on TRT?
G. RastrelliG. Corona
ED subjects: a high CV-risk population
Mario MaggiSexual Medicine &
AndrologyUniversity of Florence,[email protected]
Without CV events at baseline
With CV events at baseline
p<0.0001
Follow up (years)
Prop
ortio
n fr
ee o
f MA
CE
Proportion free of MACE (Kalplan-Meier curves) as a function of baseline positivity for previous CV event in a consecutive series of
1687 ED subjects at the University of Florence, Florence, Italy
Corona et al., Andrology, 2014Sep;2(5):741-7
ED subjects: a high CV-risk population
Is there an increased CV risk in patients on TRT?
ED subjects: a high CV-risk population
• High prevalence of incident MACE in ED
Take homemessages
LH
(U
/L)
Testosterone (nmol/L)
Hypogonadal status in 4173ED subjects studied at the University of Florence
Corona et al.,J. Sex. Med., 2014 Jul;11(7):1823-34.
LH
(U
/L)
Compensated hypogonadism
(4.1%)
Testosterone ≤10.4 nmol/L
Primary hypogonadism
(2.5%)
Secondaryhypogonadism
(17.3%)
LH = 9.4 U/L
Eugonadism(76.1%)Testosterone (nmol/L)
Hypogonadal status in 4173ED subjects studied at the University of Florence
Corona et al.,J. Sex. Med., 2014 Jul;11(7):1823-34.
Is there an increased CV risk in patients on TRT?
ED subjects: a high CV-risk population
• High prevalence of incident MACE in ED• 20% of men with ED → hypogonadism
17% secondary
3% primary
Take homemessages
Is there an increased CV risk in patients on TRT?
Cross-sectional studies
• Are MACE and hypogonadism associated?
Corona et al., Eur J Endocrinol. 2011;165(5):687-701
‐20,00
‐15,00
‐10,00
‐5,00
0,00
5,00
10,00 Diff. in mean LL, 95% CI UL, 95% CI-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10SourceTT mean differences (nmol/L)
Favours CHD Favors no CHD
Poggi et al., 1976Ben-Halim et al., 1978Entrican et al., 1978Luria et al., 1982Labropoulos et al., 1982Labropoulos et al., 1982*Zumoff et al., 1982*Phillips et al., 1983Aksut et al., 1986Aksut et al., 1986*Franzen et al., 1986Franzen et al., 1986*Lichatenstein et al., 1987Small et al., 1987Phillips et al., 1988Barrett-Connor et al., 1988Sewdarsen et al., 1990Hauner et al., 1991Rice et al., 1993Hautanen et al., 1994Marques-Vidal et al., 1995Phillips et al., 1996Tripathi et al., 1998*Tripathi et al., 1998**Tripathi et al., 1998***Chearskul et al., 2000Mikulec et al., 2004Cao et al., 2010Overall CHD non-angio documented
-8,75 -13,91 -3,590,00 -2,94 2,942,35 -0,31 5,011,32 -4,06 6,703,00 0,27 5,731,80 -0,38 3,981,46 -1,43 4,350,80 -0,86 2,46-6,36 -8,63 -4,10-7,16 -10,03 -4,283,00 0,57 5,432,00 -0,43 4,43-1,10 -1,81 -0,39-3,30 -7,12 0,52-0,69 -2,57 1,18-0,04 -1,18 1,10-1,51 -2,64 -0,38-1,40 -2,85 0,05-2,15 -3,53 -0,760,50 -1,71 2,71-0,40 -1,95 1,152,64 -2,01 7,29
-13,85 -15,68 -12,02-13,43 -14,97 -11,89-13,56 -15,59 -11,53-5,81 -7,92 -3,700,31 -0,77 1,39-4,06 -5,30 -2,82-2,33 -3,99 -0,68
Weighted differences (with 95% confidence interval [CI]) of mean total testosterone between non-angiographically documented CHD and controls from cross-sectional studies
Overall CHD non‐angio‐documented ‐2.33 ‐3.99 ‐0.68
Corona et al., Eur J Endocrinol. 2011;165:687
‐15,00
‐10,00
‐5,00
0,00
5,00
10,00 Diff. in mean LL, 95% CI UL, 95% CI-15 -10 -5 0 5 10SourceTT mean differences (nmol/L)
Favours CHD Favors no CHD
Luria et al., 1982 *Zumoff et al., 1982Barth et al., 1983Hromadova et al., 1985Sewdarsen et al., 1986Chute et al., 1987Hamalainen et al., 1987Sewdarsen et al., 1988Slowinska-Srzednicka et al., 1989Zhao et al., 1998Kabakci et al., 1999English et al., 2000Dobrzycki et al., 2003Dunajska et al., 2004Dunajska et al., 2004*Fischer et al., 2004 Davoodi et al., 2007He et al., 2007Mohamad et al., 2007Mohamad et al., 2007*Turhan et al., 2007Fallah et al., 2009Overall CHD angio documented
2,99 -0,42 6,39-1,90 -5,87 2,07-5,70 -9,36 -2,04-7,21 -10,85 -3,57-5,00 -7,56 -2,44-4,76 -7,86 -1,66-0,70 -4,36 2,96-3,80 -6,88 -0,72-3,06 -7,32 1,20-5,56 -7,80 -3,321,74 -0,28 3,76-2,00 -4,09 0,09-9,30 -11,97 -6,63-3,60 -7,25 0,05-2,36 -5,23 0,51-0,60 -2,08 0,880,78 -0,64 2,20-0,28 -2,08 1,53-4,50 -6,48 -2,52-1,40 -3,76 0,96-3,48 -5,76 -1,200,78 -0,64 2,20-2,57 -3,82 -1,31
Weighted differences (with 95% confidence interval [CI]) of mean total testosterone between angiographically documented CHD and controls from cross-sectional studies
Overall CHD angio‐documented ‐2.57 ‐3.82 ‐1.31
Corona et al., Eur J Endocrinol. 2011;165:687
‐14,00
‐12,00
‐10,00
‐8,00
‐6,00
‐4,00
‐2,00
0,00
2,00
4,00
Diff. in mean LL, 95% CI UL, 95% CI-14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4
Source
TT mean differences (nmol/L)
Favours other CVD Favors no other CVD
Taggart et al., 1980
Foresta et al., 1982
Elwan et al., 1990
Dash et al., 1991
Jeppesen et al., 1996
Price et al., 1997
Demirbag et al., 2005
Page et al., 2008
Overall other CVD
0,10 -2,15 2,35
-5,49 -8,60 -2,37
-0,87 -4,67 2,93
-6,60 -12,26 -0,94
-2,70 -4,56 -0,84
-1,30 -3,52 0,92
-8,02 -11,73 -4,31
-1,40 -2,28 -0,52
-2,71 -4,26 -1,15
Weighted differences (with 95% confidence interval [CI]) of mean total testosterone between other CVD and controls from cross-sectional studies
Overall other CVD -2.71 -4.26 -1.15
Corona et al., Eur J Endocrinol. 2011;165:687
Is there an increased CV risk in patients on TRT?
ED subjects: a high CV-risk population
• High prevalence of incident MACE in ED• 20% of men with ED → hypogonadism• Having MACE decreases T by 2-3 nmoles/L
17% secondary
3% primary
Take homemessages
Progetto Cuore risk engineAdjusted for
BMICDS
Adj r=-0.068; p<0.005
Tota
l tes
tost
eron
e nm
ol/L
Total scoreI II III IV
Quartiles
Adj r=-0.091; p<0.0001
Corona et al., J Endocrinol Invest. 2012;35:809
Total testosterone as a function of cardiovascular risk (Progetto Cuore risk engine) in a consecutive series of 2269 ED subjects at the
University of Florence, Florence, Italy
Is there an increased CV risk in patients on TRT?
ED subjects: a high CV-risk population
• High prevalence of incident MACE in ED• 20% of men with ED → hypogonadism• Having MACE decreases T by 2-3 nmoles/L• In ED, having ↑CVD risk decreases T by 3-4 nmoles/L
17% secondary
3% primary
Take homemessages
Is there an increased CV risk in patients on TRT?
ED subjects: a high CV-risk population
• Is low T associated with MACE morbidity?
Corona et al., J Sex Med. 2010;7:1557
Mean follow up 4.3±2.6 years1687 Male subjects with EDCity of Florence Registry Office:major adverse cardiac events (MACE)- ischemic heart disease (ICD 410-4)- other heart diseases (ICD 420-9)- sudden death for cardiac d. (ICD 798-799)- cerebrovascular diseases (ICD 430-4, 436-8)- peripheral arterial diseseas (ICD 440)
MACE
Observational prospective study (2000-2007) of ED subjects at the University of Florence- SIEDY©- ANDROTEST©- Physical examination, hormonal parameters, psychiatric symptoms (MHQ)- Basal and dynamic penile color Doppler ultrasound
W/O MACE92%
MACE=8% Non fatal89% 11% fatal
Ischemic heart
Cerebrovascular
61%
29%
10% peripheral
MACE
Observational prospective study (2000-2007) of ED subejcts at the University of Florence- SIEDY©- ANDROTEST©- Physical examination, hormonal parameters, psychiatric symptoms (MHQ)- Basal and dynamic penile color Doppler ultrasound
TT 10.4 nMTT 8-10.4 nMTT < 8 nM
p=NS
Proportion free of MACE (Kalplan-Meier curves) as a function of baseline total testosterone in a consecutive series of 1687 ED subjects
at the University of Florence, Florence, Italy
Prop
ortio
n fr
ee o
f MA
CE
Follow up (years)
Baseline total testosterone does notpredict incident MACE (Cox regression HR=NS)
Corona et al.,J. Sex. Med., 20107:1557-64
Is there an increased CV risk in patients on TRT?
Longitudinal studies
• Is low T associated with MACE morbidity?
Baseline weighted differences (with 95% confidence interval) of mean total testosterone(TT) between patients with incident MACE and controls
‐12,00
‐10,00
‐8,00
‐6,00
‐4,00
‐2,00
0,00
2,00
4,00Source ‐12 ‐10 ‐8 ‐6 ‐4 ‐2 0 2 4 Diff. in mean LL, 95% CI UL, 95% CI
Higher any CVD incidence Lower any CVD incidence
TT mean differences (nmol/L)
Cauley et al., 1987
Phillips et al., 1988
Contoreggi et al., 1990
Yarnell et al., 1993
Hautanen et al 1994
Mikulec et al., 2004
Yeap et al., 2009
Corona et al., 2010
Overall
0,60 -1,47 2,67
-0,69 -2,83 1,44
0,35 -1,79 2,49
0,10 -1,19 1,39
0,50 -1,71 2,71
-10,10 -10,77 -9,44
-1,00 -2,02 0,02
-0,70 -1,85 0,45
‐1,40 ‐5,23 2,44
Corona et al., Eur J Endocrinol. 2011;165:687
Is there an increased CV risk in patients on TRT?
ED subjects: a high CV-risk population
• High prevalence of incident MACE in ED• 20% of men with ED → hypogonadism• Having MACE decreases T by 2-3 nmoles/L• In ED, having ↑CVD risk decreases T by 3-4 nmoles/L• Low T is not associated with incident MACE
17% secondary
3% primary
Take homemessages
Corona et al.,Andrology, 2014Sep;2(5):741-7
Free
from
MA
CE
p=0.034
History of MACE at baseline
C
Free from MACE at baseline
B
Free
from
MA
CE
p=0.462
Total testosterone < 12 nM at baseline
Total testosterone ≥ 12 nM at baseline
Follow up years
Proportion free of MACE (Kalplan-Meier curves) as a function of baseline total testosterone in a consecutive series of 1687 ED subjects
at the University of Florence, Florence, Italy, according to CV events atbaseline
Corona et al.,Andrology, 2014Sep;2(5):741-7
p=0.097
Free from MACE at baseline
A
Free
from
MA
CE
B
History of MACE at baseline
Free
from
MA
CE
p=0.012
Follow up years
Proportion free of MACE (Kalplan-Meier curves) as a function of baseline testis volume in a consecutive series of 1687 ED subjects atthe University of Florence, Florence, Italy, according to CV events at
baseline
Testis volume < 20 cc at baseline
Testis volume ≥ 20 cc at baseline
Corona et al.,Andrology, 2014Sep;2(5):741-7
Proportion free of MACE (Kalplan-Meier curves) as a function of baseline testis volume and/or total testosterone in a consecutive series
of 1687 ED subjects at the University of Florence, Florence, Italy, in subjects reporting CV events at baseline
Free
from
MA
CE
C
p=0.013 Total testosterone < 12 nMand TV < 20 cc at baseline
Total testosterone < 12 nMor TV < 20 cc at baseline
Total testosterone ≥ 12 nMand TV ≥ 20 cc at baseline
Follow up yearsCorona et al.,Andrology, 2014Sep;2(5):741-7
Proportion free of MACE (Kalplan-Meier curves) as a function of baseline testis volume and/or total testosterone in a consecutive series
of 1687 ED subjects at the University of Florence, Florence, Italy, in subjects reporting CV events at baseline
Free
from
MA
CE
C
p=0.013 Total testosterone < 12 nMand TV < 20 cc at baseline
Total testosterone < 12 nMor TV < 20 cc at baseline
Total testosterone ≥ 12 nMand TV ≥ 20 cc at baseline
Follow up yearsCorona et al.,Andrology, 2014Sep;2(5):741-7
HR=0.514 [0.306‐0.864] p<0.02Adjusted for:AgeSmoking & drinking habitChronic Disease Score
Is there an increased CV risk in patients on TRT?
ED subjects: a high CV-risk population
• High prevalence of incident MACE in ED• 20% of men with ED → hypogonadism• Having MACE decreases T by 2-3 nmoles/L• In ED, having ↑CVD risk decreases T by 3-4 nmoles/L• Low T is not associated with incident MACE• Hypogonadism is protective from MACE in high-risk
17% secondary
3% primary
Take homemessages
Is there an increased CV risk in patients on TRT?
ED subjects: a high CV-risk population
• Is low T associated with MACE lethality?
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
No Yes No Yes
TT < 10.4 nmol/L TT < 8 nmol/L
Age Adjusted HR=5.9[1.6-21.7]; p=0.007 HR= 12.2[1.9-79.5]; p=0.008
Prevalence of MACE lethality as a function of baseline total testosterone in a consecutive series of 1687 ED subjects at the University of
Florence, Florence, Italy
Non fatal 89% 11% fatal
Prev
alen
ceof
MA
CE
leth
ality
Prop
ortio
n fr
ee o
f MA
CE
leth
ality
TT 10.4 nMTT 8-10.4 nMTT < 8 nM
Proportion free of MACE lethality (Kalplan-Meier curves) as a function of baseline total testosterone in a consecutive series of 1687
ED subjects at the University of Florence, Florence, Italy
Follow up (years)
p<0.05 vs. TT 10.4 nM
p<0.0001 vs. TT 10.4 nM
Baseline hypogonadism increasesMACE lethality
Corona et al.,J. Sex. Med., 7:1557-64, 2010
Corona et al., Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Apr;25(2):337-53
Corona et al., Eur J Endocrinol. 2011;165(5):687-701
ED subjects: a high CV-risk population
Baseline weighted differences (with 95% confidence interval) of mean total testosterone(TT) between patients with incident CV mortality and controls
-0,61 -1,86 0,64
-1,00 -1,66 -0,34
-3,00 -6,53 0,53
-0,97 -1,55 -0,40
Barrett-Connor et al., 1988
Khaw et al., 2007
Corona et al., 2010
OVERALL
‐7,00
‐6,00
‐5,00
‐4,00
‐3,00
‐2,00
‐1,00
0,00
1,00Source ‐7 ‐6 ‐5 ‐4 ‐3 ‐2 ‐1 0 1 Diff. in mean LL, 95% CI UL, 95% CI
Higher any CVD mortality Lower any CVD mortality
TT mean differences (nmol/L)
Corona et al., Eur J Endocrinol. 2011;165:687
Is there an increased CV risk in patients on TRT?
ED subjects: a high CV-risk population
• High prevalence of incident MACE in ED• 20% of men with ED → hypogonadism• Having MACE decreases T by 2-3 nmoles/L• In ED, having ↑CVD risk decreases T by 3-4 nmoles/L• Low T is not associated with incident MACE• Hypogonadism is protective from MACE in high-risk • Hypogonadism is associated with ↑ MACE lethality
17% secondary
3% primary
Take homemessages
Is there an increased CV risk in patients on TRT?
ED subjects: a high CV-risk population
• Is compensated hypogonadism associatedwith CVD risk and/or MACE lethality?
A
n=2792
Eugonadism
Pred
icte
d C
V r
isk
(Pro
gett
oC
uore
)
p<0.0001 at ANOVA
p<0.0001p<0.0001
Compensatedhypogonadism
Overthypogonadism
Cardiovascular risk (Progetto Cuore risk engine) as a function of hypogonadal status in a consecutive series of 4173 ED subjects at the
University of Florence, Florence, Italy
Corona et al.,J. Sex. Med., 2014 Jul;11(7):1823-34.
EugonadismOvert hypogonadismCompensated hypogonadism
Proportion free of MACE lethality (Kalplan-Meier curves) as a function of baseline hypogonadal status in a consecutive series of 1687
ED subjects at the University of Florence, Florence, Italy
Free
from
MA
CE
deat
h
Follow up (years)
*
*
B
0,01 0,1 1 10
Compensated hypogonadism
0.01 0.1 1 10 100
Overt hypogonadism
Corona et al.,J. Sex. Med., 2014 Jul;11(7):1823-34.
Is there an increased CV risk in patients on TRT?
ED subjects: a high CV-risk population
• High prevalence of incident MACE in ED• 20% of men with ED → hypogonadism• Having MACE decreases T by 2-3 nmoles/L• In ED, having ↑CVD risk decreases T by 3-4 nmoles/L• Low T is not associated with incident MACE• Hypogonadism is protective from MACE in high-risk • Hypogonadism is associated with ↑ MACE lethality• Compensated HG is associated with ↑ MACE lethality
17% secondary
3% primary
Morbidities:• CVD• T2DM• Obesity• MetS
IncreasedCV mortality
1.: Corona G, Rastrelli G, Maseroli E, Fralassi N, Sforza A, Forti G, Mannucci E, Maggi M. Low testosterone syndrome protects subjects with high cardiovascularrisk burden from major adverse cardiovascular events. Andrology. 2014Sep;2(5):741‐7. doi: 10.1111/j.2047‐2927.2014.00241.x. Epub 2014 Jul 7. PubMedPMID: 25044637.
2: Corona G, Maseroli E, Rastrelli G, Sforza A, Forti G, Mannucci E, Maggi M.Characteristics of compensated hypogonadism in patients with sexual dysfunction. J Sex Med. 2014 Jul;11(7):1823‐34. doi: 10.1111/jsm.12549. Epub 2014 Apr 29.PubMed PMID: 24774537.
3: Corona G, Rastrelli G, Monami M, Maseroli E, Jannini EA, Balercia G, Sforza A,Forti G, Mannucci E, Maggi M. Frequency of sexual activity and cardiovascularrisk in subjects with erectile dysfunction: cross‐sectional and longitudinalanalyses. Andrology. 2013 Nov;1(6):864‐71. doi: 10.1111/j.2047‐2927.2013.00139.x.Epub 2013 Oct 11. PubMed PMID: 24127288.
4: Fisher AD, Rastrelli G, Bandini E, Corona G, Balzi D, Melani C, Monami M,Matta V, Mannucci E, Maggi M. Metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes offatherhood: results from a cohort of study in subjects with sexual dysfunction. JSex Med. 2012 Nov;9(11):2785‐94. doi: 10.1111/j.1743‐6109.2012.02865.x. Epub 2012Aug 15. PubMed PMID: 22897516.
5: Corona G, Rastrelli G, Balercia G, Sforza A, Forti G, Maggi M. Testosteroneand cardiovascular risk in patients with erectile dysfunction. J EndocrinolInvest. 2012 Oct;35(9):809‐16. doi: 10.3275/8063. Epub 2011 Nov 8. PubMed PMID:22082753.
6: Corona G, Rastrelli G, Monami M, Guay A, Buvat J, Sforza A, Forti G, Mannucci E, Maggi M. Hypogonadism as a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in men: a meta‐analytic study. Eur J Endocrinol. 2011 Nov;165(5):687‐701. doi:10.1530/EJE‐11‐0447. Epub 2011 Aug 18. Review. PubMed PMID: 21852391.
7: Corona G, Rastrelli G, Vignozzi L, Mannucci E, Maggi M. Testosterone,cardiovascular disease and the metabolic syndrome. Best Pract Res Clin EndocrinolMetab. 2011 Apr;25(2):337‐53. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2010.07.002. Review. PubMedPMID: 21397202.
8: Corona G, Monami M, Boddi V, Balzi D, Melani C, Federico N, Balzi D, Sforza A,Rotella CM, Forti G, Mannucci E, Maggi M. Is obesity a further cardiovascularrisk factor in patients with erectile dysfunction? J Sex Med. 2010Jul;7(7):2538‐46. doi: 10.1111/j.1743‐6109.2010.01839.x. Epub 2010 Apr 26. PubMedPMID: 20456622.
9: Corona G, Monami M, Boddi V, Cameron‐Smith M, Fisher AD, de Vita G, Melani C, Balzi D, Sforza A, Forti G, Mannucci E, Maggi M. Low testosterone is associatedwith an increased risk of MACE lethality in subjects with erectile dysfunction. JSex Med. 2010 Apr;7(4 Pt 1):1557‐64. doi: 10.1111/j.1743‐6109.2009.01690.x. Epub 2010 Jan 25. PubMed PMID: 20102478.
10: Corona G, Mannucci E, Forti G, Maggi M. Hypogonadism, ED, metabolic syndrome and obesity: a pathological link supporting cardiovascular diseases. Int JAndrol. 2009 Dec;32(6):587‐98. doi: 10.1111/j.1365‐2605.2008.00951.x. Epub 2009Feb 10. Review. PubMed PMID: 19226407.
11: Corona G, Rastrelli G, Filippi S, Vignozzi L, Mannucci E, Maggi M. Erectiledysfunction and central obesity: an Italian perspective. Asian J Androl. 2014Jul‐Aug;16(4):581‐91. doi: 10.4103/1008‐682X.126386. PubMed PMID: 24713832;PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4104087.
12: Rastrelli G, Corona G, Lotti F, Boddi V, Mannucci E, Maggi M. Relationship oftestis size and LH levels with incidence of major adverse cardiovascular eventsin older men with sexual dysfunction. J Sex Med. 2013 Nov;10(11):2761‐73. doi:10.1111/jsm.12270. Epub 2013 Jul 11. PubMed PMID: 23844651.
↓
↓
IncreasedCV mortality
Morbidities:• CVD• T2DM• Obesity• MetS
Corona et al.,Andrology, 2014Sep;2(5):741-7
↓
↓
↓ spermatogenesis
↓ testosterone↓ fer lity
IncreasedCV mortality
↓fatherhood
Morbidities:• CVD• T2DM• Obesity• MetS
Corona et al.,Andrology, 2014Sep;2(5):741-7
↓
↓
↓ spermatogenesis
↓ testosterone↓ fer lity
↓ sexualactivity
↓ energy expenditure
Low T syndrome
IncreasedCV mortality
↓fatherhood
Morbidities:• CVD• T2DM• Obesity• MetS
Corona et al.,Andrology, 2014Sep;2(5):741-7
Fisher et al.,J Sex Med. 2012 Nov;9(11):2785‐94
HR=1.018 [1.003‐1.032] p=0.025Adjusted for:AgeSmoking & drinking habitChronic Disease ScoreTestosterone, prolactinPartner’s hypoactive sexual desire
ED subjects a high prevalence of: • CVD• Low T
Is there an increased CV
risk in patients on TRT?
[01-31-2014] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is investigating therisk of stroke, heart attack, and death in men taking FDA-approved testosteroneproducts. We have been monitoring this risk and decided to reassess this safetyissue based on the recent publication of two separate studies that eachsuggested an increased risk of cardiovascular events among groups of menprescribed testosterone therapy. We are providing this alert while we continueto evaluate the information from these studies and other available data, and willcommunicate our final conclusions and recommendations when the evaluation iscomplete.
Is there an increased CV
risk in patients on TRT?
Until evidence from large randomized trials becomes available, the EndocrineSociety believes that patients should be made aware of the potential risk ofcardiovascular events in middle-aged and older men who are taking orconsidering testosterone therapy for age-related decline in testosterone levels andsymptoms.
Is there an increased CV
risk in patients on TRT?
Is there an increased CV risk in patients on TRT?
• Is testosterone administration associated withCV outcomes in Heart Failure? (primary endpoint)
• placebo-controlled, randomized studies
Toma et al., Circ Heart Fail 5:315‐21, 2012
Exercise capacity
Is there an increased CV risk in patients on TRT?
• Is testosterone administration associated withCV outcomes in CHD? (primary endpoint)
• placebo-controlled, randomized studies
258 patients with a mean follow-up of 23 weeks
Corona et al., Eur J Endocrinol. 2011;165:1
• Is testosterone administration associated withCV outcomes in CHD? (primary endpoint)
Diff. in mean LL, 95% CI UL, 95% CI
‐150,00
‐100,00
‐50,00
0,00
50,00
100,00
150,00
200,00
250,00
300,00
350,00Source ‐150 ‐100 ‐50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Time to 1‐mm ST depression mean differences (seconds)
Favour placebo Favour testosterone
Rosano et al., 1999 (76)
Webb et al., 1999 (77)
English et al., 2000 (78)
Thompson et al., 2002 (79)
Thompson et al., 2002* (79)
Malkin et al., 2004 (80)
Mathur et al., 2009 (81)
Overall
108,00 -108,89 324,89
66,00 -36,90 168,90
69,00 4,82 133,18
6,00 -56,75 68,75
0,00 -64,19 64,19
47,00 -59,55 153,55
186,30 88,68 283,92
57,40 9,90 104,90
Corona et al., Eur J Endocrinol. 2011;165:1
‐150,00
‐100,00
‐50,00
0,00
50,00
100,00
150,00
200,00
250,00
300,00
350,00Source ‐150 ‐100 ‐50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Diff. in mean LL, 95% CI UL, 95% CIExsercise duration mean differences (seconds)
Favour placebo Favour testosterone
Rosano et al., 1999 (76)
Mathur et al., 2009 (81)
Overall
90,00 -111,54 291,54
186,30 88,68 283,92
168,00 80,14 255,86
Corona et al., Eur J Endocrinol. 2011;165:1
Is there an increased CV risk in patients on TRT?
• Is testosterone administration associated with incidence of CV events?
• placebo-controlled, randomized studies
Fernández‐Balsells et al.,J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010Jun;95(6):2560‐75.
• VERY HIGH DOSE OF TRT. CV‐related events in:
4 of 14 subjects (29%) with T levels > 1000 ng/dl
7 of 46 subjects (15%) with T levels < 500 ng/dl
• COMPOSITE RISK FOR ADVERSE EVENTS
(including peripheral oedema)
• ELDERLY MEN WITH LIMITED MOBILITY
Is there an increased CV risk in patients on TRT?
• placebo-controlled, randomized studies• 12 wks or more• 27 trials 2994 men 180 adverse events
• Is testosterone administration associated with incidence of composite CV events?
BMC Med. 2013; 11: 108.Published online 2013 April 18. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-108PMCID: PMC3648456Testosterone therapy and cardiovascular events among men: a systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo-controlled randomized trialsLin Xu,1 Guy Freeman,1 Benjamin J Cowling,1 and C Mary Schooling 1
,2
Xu et al., BMC Medicine 11:108, 2013
incidence of composite CV events
Xu et al., BMC Medicine 11:108, 2013
IndustrialSupport:
NO
IndustrialSupport:
YES
Corona et al., Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2014 2014 Oct;13(10):1327‐51
Is there an increased CV risk in patients on TRT?
• Is testosterone administration associated withmajor CV outcomes? (major adverse cardiovascular events: MACE)
Primary end‐point: major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE)• cardiovascular death, • non‐fatal myocardial infarction• stroke, • acute coronary syndromes and/or heart failure reported as serious adverse events
Secondary end‐points: all cardiovascular‐related events (anything reported as such by the authors):• events reported as cardiac disorders, • cardiovascular complaints, • cardiovascular event• vascular disorders, cardiac or cardiovascular• event description fell within the International Statistical Classification of Disease (ICD) version 10 chapter IX (I00 toI99)
Corona et al., Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2014 2014 Oct;13(10):1327‐51
Records identified through different sources
N=2747
Studies included in qualitative synthesis N=101
Full-text artic les excluded: Women N=4 No T use included N=45 No RCT N=21 No placebo (or p-only) arm N=108 No T-only arm N=4 Study duplicates N=18
Records removed: No Clinical Trials N=2287 No Human species N =2 No English language N=13 No Male subjects N=145
Full-text artic les assessed for eligibility N=300
UNPUBLISHED Studies N=649
Ongoing N=202
Study assessed for eligibility N=1
W omen N=21
No results available N=372
No placebo N=26
No T arm N=27
Studies included in quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis) N=75
Studies excluded (see table 6)
N=26
Corona et al., Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2014 2014 Oct;13(10):1327‐51
Corona et al., Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2014 2014 Oct;13(10):1327‐51
0,00
0,01
0,10
1,00
10,00
100,00
1000,000.01 0.1 1 10 100 Odds ratio for stroke
Source MH-OR LL UL p TRT Placebo
#Events # Patients #Events # Patients
Placebo TS
Hall 1996 0,32 0,01 8,23 0,49
Sih 1997 0,28 0,01 7,31 0,44
Armory 2004 3,13 0,12 80,68 0,49
Kenny 2004 0,23 0,01 7,05 0,40
Brockenbrough 2006 0,35 0,01 9,13 0,53
Malkin 2006 3,25 0,13 82,24 0,48
Basaria 2010 2,94 0,12 73,08 0,51
Overall 0,82 0,24 2,83 0,76
0 35 1 35
0 17 1 15
1 24 0 24
0 6 1 5
0 19 1 21
1 37 0 39
1 106 0 103
3 244 4 242
Placebo TRT
Stroke
Corona et al., Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2014 2014 Oct;13(10):1327‐51
Placebo TS
0,00
0,01
0,10
1,00
10,00
100,00
1000,000.01 0.1 1 10 100 Odd ratio for coronary by-pass surgery
Source MH-OR LL UL p TRT Placebo
#Events # Patients #Events # Patients
Snyder et al., 1999 1,00 0,14 7,37 1,00
Nair et al., 2006 8,27 0,41 167,23 0,17
Basaria et al., 2010 2,94 0,12 73,08 0,51
Overall 2,09 0,48 9,17 0,33
2 54 2 54
3 30 0 32
1 106 1 103
0 6 1 5
Placebo TRT
Coronary by‐pass surgery
Corona et al., Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2014 2014 Oct;13(10):1327‐51
0,00
0,01
0,10
1,00
10,00
100,00
1000,000.01 0.1 1 10 100 Odds ratio for acute coronary syndrome
Source MH-OR LL UL p TRT Placebo
#Events # Patients #Events # Patients
Placebo TRT
Copenaghen SG 1986 1,97 0,08 48,82 0,68
Snyder et al., 1999 2,04 0,18 23,17 0,57
English et al., 2000 3,12 0,12 80,39 0,49
Steidle et al., 2003 2,83 0,11 70,27 0,53
Svartberg et al., 2004 0,29 0,01 7,74 0,46
Malkin et al., 2006 3,25 0,13 82,24 0,48
Nair et al., 2006 5,70 0,26 123,78 0,27
Chapman et al., 2009 1,00 0,05 20,83 1,00
Aversa et al., 2010 JSM 0,08 0,00 2,07 0,13
Aversa et al., 2010 JEI 0,07 0,00 1,97 0,12
Basaria et al.,2010 11,22 0,61 205,49 0,10
Ho et al., 2011 1,00 0,06 16,37 1,00
Jones et al., 2011 0,51 0,05 5,75 0,59
Kaufman et al., 2011 0,52 0,02 13,00 0,69
Hildreth et al, 2013 0,15 0,02 1,53 0,11
Overall 0,92 0,43 1,97 0,83
1 134 0 87
2 54 1 54
1 25 0 25
1 106 0 99
0 15 1 14
1 37 0 39
2 30 0 32
1 6 1 6
0 40 1 10
0 42 1 10
5 106 0 103
1 60 1 60
1 108 2 112
1 234 0 40
1 96 3 47
18 1093 11 738
Acute coronary syndrome
Corona et al., Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2014 2014 Oct;13(10):1327‐51
0,00
0,01
0,10
1,00
10,00
100,00
1000,000.01 0.1 1 10 100
Odds ratio for AMI
Source MH-OR LL UL p TRT Placebo
#Events # Patients #Events # Patients
Placebo TRT
Copenaghen SG 1986 1,97 0,08 48,82 0,68
Snyder et al., 1999 2,04 0,18 23,17 0,57
English et al., 2000 3,12 0,12 80,39 0,49
Seidman et al., 2001 0,41 0,02 10,83 0,59
Svartberg et al., 2004 0,29 0,01 7,74 0,46
Chapman et al., 2009 1,00 0,05 20,83 1,00
Aversa 2010 et al., JSM 0,08 0,00 2,07 0,13
Aversa 2010 et al., JEI 0,07 0,00 1,97 0,12
Basaria et al, 2010 7,00 0,36137,2
2 0,20
Kalinchenko et al., 2010 0,21 0,01 5,15 0,34
Srinivas-Shankar et al., 2010 0,34 0,01 8,31 0,51
Ho et al., 2011 1,00 0,06 16,37 1,00
Jones et al., 2011 0,51 0,05 5,75 0,59
Kaufman et al., 2011 0,52 0,02 13,00 0,69
Overall 0,68 0,30 1,52 0,34
1 134 0 87
2 54 1 54
1 25 0 25
0 13 1 17
0 15 1 14
1 6 1 6
0 40 1 10
0 42 1 10
3 106 0 103
0 113 1 71
0 136 1 138
1 60 1 60
1 108 2 112
1 234 0 40
11 1086 11 747
Acute myocardial infarction
Corona et al., Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2014 2014 Oct;13(10):1327‐51
0,00
0,01
0,10
1,00
10,00
100,00
1000,000.01 0.1 1 10 100 Odds ratio for arrhythmia
Source MH-OR LL UL p TRT Placebo
#Events # Patients #Events # Patients
Placebo TS
Sih et al., 1997 2,82 0,11 74,51 0,54
Snyder et al., 1999 3,12 0,31 30,96 0,33
Armory et al., 2004 3,13 0,12 80,68 0,49
Malkin et al., 2006 0,20 0,01 4,31 0,30
Okun et al., 2006 0,31 0,01 8,28 0,49
Svartberg et al., 2008 3,16 0,12 82,64 0,49
Legros et al., 2009 1,01 0,04 25,01 1,00
Basaria et al., 2010 2,50 0,47 13,19 0,28
Hildreth et al., 2013 0,05 0,00 0,95 0,05
Overall 1,15 0,43 3,05 0,78
1 17 0 15
3 54 1 54
1 24 0 24
0 37 2 39
0 15 1 15
1 19 0 19
1 237 0 79
5 106 2 103
0 96 4 47
12 605 10 395
Placebo TRT
Arrhythmia
Corona et al., Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2014 2014 Oct;13(10):1327‐51
0,00
0,01
0,10
1,00
10,00
100,000.01 0.1 1 10 100 Odds ratio for new onset HF
Source MH-OR LL UL pTRT Placebo
#Events # Patients #Events # Patients
Sih 1997 2,82 0,11 74,51 0,54
Srinivas-Shankar 2010 3,07 0,12 76,04 0,49
Kaufman 2011 0,52 0,02 13,00 0,69
Overall 1,64 0,25 10,63 0,60
1 17 0 15
1 130 0 132
1 234 0 40
3 381 0 187
Placebo TRT
New onset HF
Corona et al., Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2014 2014 Oct;13(10):1327‐51
0,00
0,01
0,10
1,00
10,00
100,00
1000,000.01 0.1 1 10 100 Odds ratio for MACE
Source MH-OR LL UL pTS Placebo
#Events # Patients #Events # Patients
Copenaghen SG 1986 (27) 1,97 0,08 48,82 0,68Hall et al., 1996 (30) 0,32 0,01 8,23 0,49Sih et al., 1997 (32) 0,88 0,05 15,33 0,93Snyder et al., 1999 (36) 2,04 0,18 23,17 0,57English et al., 2000 (38) 3,12 0,12 80,39 0,49Seidman et al., 2001 (43) 0,41 0,02 10,83 0,59Steidle et al., 2003 (48) 2,83 0,11 70,27 0,53Armory et al., 2004 (50) 3,13 0,12 80,68 0,49Kenny et al., 2004 (52) 0,23 0,01 7,05 0,40Svartberg et al., 2004 (56) 0,29 0,01 7,74 0,46Brockenbrough et al., 2006 (59) 3,75 0,36 39,59 0,27Malkin et al., 2006 (65) 2,17 0,19 25,01 0,53Nair et al., 2006 (68) 5,70 0,26 123,78 0,27Svartberg et al., 2008 (77) 3,16 0,12 82,64 0,49Chapman et al., 2009 (80) 1,00 0,05 20,83 1,00Legros et al., 2009 (81) 1,01 0,04 25,01 1,00Aversa et al., 2010 (85) 0,08 0,00 2,07 0,13Aversa et al., 2010 (86) 0,07 0,00 1,97 0,12Basaria et al., 2010 (10) 13,39 0,74 240,78 0,08Kalinchenko et al., 2010 (88) 0,21 0,01 5,15 0,34Srinivas-Shankar et al., 2010 (89) 1,01 0,14 7,31 0,99Ho et al., 2011 (91) 1,00 0,06 16,37 1,00Jones et al., 2011 (92) 0,51 0,05 5,75 0,59Kaufman et al., 2011 (93) 0,87 0,04 18,48 0,93Behere et al., 2012 (95) 2,95 0,12 72,91 0,51 Hildreth et al., 2013 (97) 0,15 0,02 1,53 0,11 Overall 1,01 0,57 1,77 0,98
Placebo TS
1 134 0 870 35 1 351 17 1 152 54 1 541 25 0 250 13 1 171 106 0 991 24 0 240 6 1 50 15 1 143 19 1 212 37 1 392 30 0 321 19 0 191 6 1 61 237 0 790 40 1 100 42 1 106 106 0 1030 113 1 712 136 2 1381 60 1 601 108 2 1122 234 0 401 183 0 1791 96 3 4731 1895 20 1341
MACE
Corona et al., Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2014 2014 Oct;13(10):1327‐51
0,00
0,01
0,10
1,00
10,00
100,00
1000,00
Placebo TS
Associated diaseses
Elderly men 10 1,22 0,49 3,03 0,67
Men with CVD 2 2,48 0,35 17,45 0,36
Frail men 5 2,25 0,72 7,08 0,17
Men with metabolic diseases 4 0,19 0,04 0,85 0,03
Hypogonadism status
Mixed population 14 1,26 0,58 2,73 0,56
TT < 12 nM 12 0,84 0,32 2,23 0,73
da qui
Type of support
Drug company not supported 12 0,94 0,39 2,24 0,88
Drug company supported 14 1,07 0,51 2,24 0,86
Trial duration
≤ 12 weeks 4 1,02 0,20 5,29 0,98
>12 weeks 22 1,01 0,55 1,84 0,98
0.01 0.1 1 10 100
Odds ratio for MACESource # Trials MH-OR LL UL p
TS Placebo #Events # Patients #Events # Patients
13 954 6 549
3 62 1 64
13 401 4 355
1 303 5 203
15 1066 11 865
16 829 9 476
10 437 8 332
21 1458 12 1009
2 147 2 145
29 1746 18 1196
MACE
Corona et al., Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2014 2014 Oct;13(10):1327‐51
Trialduration
0,00
0,01
0,10
1,00
10,00
100,00
1000,00
Placebo TS
Associated diaseses
Elderly men 10 1,22 0,49 3,03 0,67
Men with CVD 2 2,48 0,35 17,45 0,36
Frail men 5 2,25 0,72 7,08 0,17
Men with metabolic diseases 4 0,19 0,04 0,85 0,03
Hypogonadism status
Mixed population 14 1,26 0,58 2,73 0,56
TT < 12 nM 12 0,84 0,32 2,23 0,73
da qui
Type of support
Drug company not supported 12 0,94 0,39 2,24 0,88
Drug company supported 14 1,07 0,51 2,24 0,86
Trial duration
≤ 12 weeks 4 1,02 0,20 5,29 0,98
>12 weeks 22 1,01 0,55 1,84 0,98
0.01 0.1 1 10 100
Odds ratio for MACESource # Trials MH-OR LL UL p
TS Placebo #Events # Patients #Events # Patients
13 954 6 549
3 62 1 64
13 401 4 355
1 303 5 203
15 1066 11 865
16 829 9 476
10 437 8 332
21 1458 12 1009
2 147 2 145
29 1746 18 1196
MACE
Corona et al., Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2014 2014 Oct;13(10):1327‐51
Trialduration
Industrialsupport
0,00
0,01
0,10
1,00
10,00
100,00
1000,00
Placebo TS
Associated diaseses
Elderly men 10 1,22 0,49 3,03 0,67
Men with CVD 2 2,48 0,35 17,45 0,36
Frail men 5 2,25 0,72 7,08 0,17
Men with metabolic diseases 4 0,19 0,04 0,85 0,03
Hypogonadism status
Mixed population 14 1,26 0,58 2,73 0,56
TT < 12 nM 12 0,84 0,32 2,23 0,73
da qui
Type of support
Drug company not supported 12 0,94 0,39 2,24 0,88
Drug company supported 14 1,07 0,51 2,24 0,86
Trial duration
≤ 12 weeks 4 1,02 0,20 5,29 0,98
>12 weeks 22 1,01 0,55 1,84 0,98
0.01 0.1 1 10 100
Odds ratio for MACESource # Trials MH-OR LL UL p
TS Placebo #Events # Patients #Events # Patients
13 954 6 549
3 62 1 64
13 401 4 355
1 303 5 203
15 1066 11 865
16 829 9 476
10 437 8 332
21 1458 12 1009
2 147 2 145
29 1746 18 1196
MACE
Corona et al., Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2014 2014 Oct;13(10):1327‐51
Trialduration
Industrialsupport
Hypogonadalstatus
0,00
0,01
0,10
1,00
10,00
100,00
1000,00
Placebo TS
Associated diaseses
Elderly men 10 1,22 0,49 3,03 0,67
Men with CVD 2 2,48 0,35 17,45 0,36
Frail men 5 2,25 0,72 7,08 0,17
Men with metabolic diseases 4 0,19 0,04 0,85 0,03
Hypogonadism status
Mixed population 14 1,26 0,58 2,73 0,56
TT < 12 nM 12 0,84 0,32 2,23 0,73
da qui
Type of support
Drug company not supported 12 0,94 0,39 2,24 0,88
Drug company supported 14 1,07 0,51 2,24 0,86
Trial duration
≤ 12 weeks 4 1,02 0,20 5,29 0,98
>12 weeks 22 1,01 0,55 1,84 0,98
0.01 0.1 1 10 100
Odds ratio for MACESource # Trials MH-OR LL UL p
TS Placebo #Events # Patients #Events # Patients
13 954 6 549
3 62 1 64
13 401 4 355
1 303 5 203
15 1066 11 865
16 829 9 476
10 437 8 332
21 1458 12 1009
2 147 2 145
29 1746 18 1196
MACE
Corona et al., Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2014 2014 Oct;13(10):1327‐51
Trialduration
Industrialsupport
Hypogonadalstatus
Associatedconditions
Men with Metabolic disordes
0,00
0,01
0,10
1,00
10,00
100,000.01 0.1 1 10 100 SourceTS Placebo
#Events # Patients #Events # Patients Odds ratio for MACE in Metabolic disease
MH-OR LL UL p
Placebo TS
Aversa 2010 JSM 0,08 0,00 2,07 0,13
Aversa 2010 JEI 0,07 0,00 1,97 0,12
Kalinchenko 2010 0,21 0,01 5,15 0,34
Jones et al., 2011 0,51 0,05 5,75 0,59
Overall 0,19 0,04 0,85 0,03
0 40 1 10
0 42 1 10
0 113 1 71
1 108 2 112
1 303 5 203
MACE in metabolic disorders
Corona et al., Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2014 2014 Oct;13(10):1327‐51
MetS n=483 patients; mean follow up 37 weeks
TRT in Patients with metabolic syndrome and or type 2 diabetesStudy (Ref.)
Boyanov et al
2003
Kapoor et al.,
2006
La Vignera et al.,
2008
Heufelder et al.,
2009
Aversa et al.,
2010
Gopal et al.,
2010
Jones et al.,
2011
Aversa et al.,
2011
Tishova et al.,
2011
LocationSofia,
Bulgaria
Sheffield,
UK
Catania,
Italy
Munich,
Germany
Rome,
Italy
Mumbai,
IndiaMulticenter
Rome,
Italy
Moscow,
Russia
# patients (ID/C) 24/24 12/12 7/5 16/16 32/10 11/11 103/102 40/10 105/65
Hypogonadism
cut off
TT
<15 nM
TT
<12 nM
TT
<8 nM
TT
<12 nM
TT
<11 nM
cFT
<225 pM
TT
< 11 nM
TT
<11 nM
TT
< 12 nM
Trial duration
(weeks)12 12 52 52 52 12 52 104 30
Drugs O-TU i.m T T gel 1% T gel 1% TU i.m T T gel 2% TU TU
Dose 120 mg daily 200 mg/ 2weeks50 mg/
daily
50 mg/
daily
1000 mg/
12 weeks
200 mg/
2weeks
60mg/
Daily
1000 mg/
12 weeks
1000 mg/
12 weeks
Comparator No TRT group Placebo No TRT group No TRT group Placebo Placebo Placebo Placebo Placebo
Metabolic
characteristics T2DM T2DM
NCEP-ATPIII-
MetS
T2DM with
IDF-MetSIDF-MetS T2DM
IDF-MetS
with or
without
T2DM
IDF-MetS IDF-MetS
Corona et al., Best Pract Clin Endocrinol & Metab 2013;27;557T2DM n=263 patients; mean follow up 28 weeks
Effects of TRT on Glycaemia in patients with MetS
Heufelder et al., 2009
Aversa et al., 2010
Jones et al., 2011
Aversa et al., 2011
Tishova et al., 2011
Overall
-0,60 -1,15 -0,05 0,03
-0,60 -1,35 0,15 0,12
-0,31 -1,33 0,71 0,55
-0,70 ‐0,96 ‐0,44 0,00
-0,04 ‐0,49 0,41 0,86
-0,48 ‐0,78 ‐0,19 0,00
‐1,50
‐1,00
‐0,50
0,00
0,50
1,00 Diff. in mean LL, 95% CI UL, 95% CI pSource
Glycaemia mean differences (mmol/L)-1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0 0.5 1.0
Favours no TRT Favors TRT
Corona et al., Best Pract Clin Endocrinol & Metab 2013;27;557
Favours TRT Favors no TRT
‐6,00
‐5,00
‐4,00
‐3,00
‐2,00
‐1,00
0,00
1,00
2,00
3,00 Diff. in mean LL, 95% CI UL, 95% CI pSource
HOMA index mean differences-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
-2,22 -3,62 -0,81 0,00
-2,22 -3,08 -1,35 0,00
-1,80 -2,62 -0,98 0,00
-0,05 ‐2,31 2,21 0,97
-2,85 ‐5,04 ‐0,66 0,01
-0,32 ‐0,53 ‐0,11 0,00
‐1,54 ‐2,59 ‐0,50 0,00
La Vignera et al., 2009
Heufelder et al., 2009
Aversa et al., 2010
Jones et al., 2011
Aversa et al., 2011
Tishova et al., 2011
Overall
Effects of TRT on HOMA in patients with MetS
Corona et al., Best Pract Clin Endocrinol & Metab 2013;27;557
Favours TRT Favors no TRT
La Vignera et al., 2009
Heufelder et al., 2009
Aversa et al., 2010
Jones et al., 2011
Aversa et al., 2011
Tishova et al., 2011
Overall
‐1,20
‐1,00
‐0,80
‐0,60
‐0,40
‐0,20
0,00
0,20
0,40
0,60
0,80 Diff. in mean LL, 95% CI UL, 95% CI pSource
Triglycerides mean differences (nmol/L)
-1.2 -1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
-0,48 -0,82 -0,14 0,01
-0,80 -1,08 -0,52 0,00
0,00 -0,43 0,43 1,00
-0,25 ‐0,65 0,15 0,22
-0,10 ‐0,79 0,59 0,78
-0,52 ‐0,98 ‐0,06 0,03
‐0,40 ‐0,66 ‐0,14 0,00
Effects of TRT on Triglycerides in patients with MetS
Corona et al., Best Pract Clin Endocrinol & Metab 2013;27;557
Effects of TRT on Glycaemia in patients with T2DM
Favours TRT Favors no TRT
‐4,00
‐3,00
‐2,00
‐1,00
0,00
1,00
2,00 Diff. in mean LL, 95% CI UL, 95% CI pSource
Glycaemia mean differences (mmol/L) -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2
Boyanov et al., 2003
Kapoor et al., 2006
Heufelder et al., 2009
Gopal et al., 2010
Jones et al., 2011
Overall
-2,00 -3,09 -0,91 0,00
-1,35 -3,33 0,63 0,18
-0,60 -1,15 -0,05 0,03
-1,98 ‐3,66 ‐0,30 0,02
-0,17 ‐1,42 1,08 0,79
-1,09 ‐1,84 ‐0,35 0,00
Corona et al., Best Pract Clin Endocrinol & Metab 2013;27;557
Boyanov et al., 2003
Kapoor et al., 2006
Heufelder et al., 2009
Gopal et al., 2010
Jones et al., 2011
Overall
Diff. in mean LL, 95% CI UL, 95% CI pSource
HbA1c mean differences (%) -2.5 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
Favours TRT Favors no TRT
-1,30 -1,99 -0,61 0,00
-0,30 -1,21 0,61 0,52
-0,80 -1,35 -0,25 0,00
-0,02 ‐1,43 1,39 0,98
-0,40 ‐0,55 ‐0,25 0,00
-0,62 ‐1,00 ‐0,24 0,00
Effects of TRT on HbA1c in patients with T2DM
Corona et al., Best Pract Clin Endocrinol & Metab 2013;27;557
Effects of TRT on Triglycerides in patients with T2DM
Favours TRT Favors no TRT
Boyanov et al., 2003
Kapoor et al., 2006
Heufelder et al., 2009
Gopal et al., 2010
Jones et al., 2011
Overall
‐2,00
‐1,50
‐1,00
‐0,50
0,00
0,50
1,00 Diff. in mean LL, 95% CI UL, 95% CI pSource
Triglycerides mean differences (nmol/L) -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0 0.5 1
-0,51 -0,92 -0,10 0,02
-0,20 -1,23 0,83 0,70
-0,80 -1,08 -0,52 0,00
-0,82 ‐1,61 ‐0,03 0,04
-0,29 ‐0,75 0,17 0,22
-0,60 ‐0,83 ‐0,37 0,00
Corona et al., Best Pract Clin Endocrinol & Metab 2013;27;557
Is there an increased CV risk in patients on TRT?
• Is testosterone administration associated withCV outcomes? (any adverse event)
0,00
0,01
0,10
1,00
10,00
100,00
1000,000.01 0.1 1 10 100 Odds ratio for overall CV events
Source MH-OR LL UL pTS Placebo
#Events # Patients #Events # Patients
Placebo TS
Copenaghen SG 1986 (27) 2,22 0,78 6,31 0,13Hall et al., 1996 (30) 0,19 0,01 4,08 0,29Sih et al.,1997 (32) 0,88 0,05 15,33 0,93Snyder et al., 1999 (36) 1,96 0,61 6,29 0,26English et al.,2000 (38) 5,43 0,25 118,96 0,28Seidman et al., 2001 (43) 0,41 0,02 10,83 0,59Steidle et al., 2003 (48) 4,76 0,23 100,40 0,32Armory et al., 2004 (50) 5,44 0,25 119,63 0,28Kenny et al., 2004 (52) 0,23 0,01 7,05 0,40Svartberg et al., 2004 (56) 0,29 0,01 7,74 0,46Brockenbrough et al., 2006 (59) 1,20 0,34 4,18 0,77Malkin et al., 2006 (65) 0,86 0,24 3,10 0,82Merza et al.,2006 (67) 0,30 0,01 7,85 0,47Nair et al., 2006 (68) 1,32 0,39 4,50 0,66Okun et al., 2006 (69) 0,46 0,04 5,75 0,55Emmelot-Vonk et al., 2008 (75) 2,35 0,59 9,33 0,22Svartberg et al., 2008 (77) 3,16 0,12 82,64 0,49Caminiti et al., 2009 (78) 2,06 0,18 23,83 0,56Chapman et al., 2009 (80) 1,00 0,05 20,83 1,00Legros et al., 2009 (81) 1,01 0,04 25,01 1,00Aversa et al., 2010 (85) 0,08 0,00 2,07 0,13Aversa et al., 2010 (86) 0,07 0,00 1,97 0,12Basaria et al., 2010 (10) 6,05 2,22 16,51 0,00Kalinchenko et al., 2010 (88) 0,12 0,01 2,59 0,18Srinivas-Shankar et al., 2010 (89) 2,60 0,49 13,61 0,26Ho et al., 2011 (91) 1,00 0,14 7,34 1,00Jones et al.,2011 (92) 0,40 0,14 1,19 0,10Kaufman et al., 2011 (93) 1,49 0,33 6,71 0,60Hoyos et al., 2012 (94) 3,18 0,13 81,01 0,48Hildreth et al., 2013 (97) 0,14 0,04 0,48 0,00NCT00957528 0,88 0,05 16,74 0,93Overall 1,07 0,69 1,65 0,76
16 134 5 870 35 2 351 17 1 159 54 5 542 25 0 250 13 1 172 106 0 992 24 0 240 6 1 50 15 1 149 19 9 215 37 6 390 20 1 197 30 6 321 15 2 157 120 3 1171 19 0 192 35 1 351 6 0 61 237 0 790 40 1 100 42 1 10
25 106 5 1030 113 2 715 136 2 1382 60 2 605 108 12 112
17 234 2 401 33 0 344 96 11 471 9 1 8
126 1944 83 1390
Corona et al., Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2014 2014 Oct;13(10):1327‐51
Any CV event
0,00
0,01
0,10
1,00
10,00
100,000.01 0.1 1 10 100
Odds ratio for overall CVDSource # Trials MH-OR LL UL p
TS Placebo #Events # Patients #Events # Patients
Placebo TS
Associated diaseses
Elderly men 11 1,13 0,58 2,22 0,71
Men with CVD 3 1,28 0,44 3,71 0,65
Frail men 5 2,62 1,38 4,96 0,00
Men with metabolic diseases 5 0,33 0,14 0,82 0,02
Hypogonadism status
Mixed population 18 1,26 0,84 1,90 0,27
TT < 12 nM 13 0,80 0,30 2,15 0,66
Type of support
Drug company not supported 14 1,33 0,82 2,15 0,25
Drug company supported 17 1,02 0,51 2,04 0,96
Trial duration
≤ 12 weeks 2 0,18 0,02 1,81 0,15
>12 weeks 29 1,14 0,73 1,77 0,56
52 890 31 487
9 94 7 98
56 395 22 349
6 336 16 237
67 1072 49 879
61 849 34 495
52 575 32 474
76 1343 51 900
0 53 2 27
128 1868 81 1347
Corona et al., Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2014 2014 Oct;13(10):1327‐51
Any CV event
Trialduration
0,00
0,01
0,10
1,00
10,00
100,000.01 0.1 1 10 100
Odds ratio for overall CVDSource # Trials MH-OR LL UL p
TS Placebo #Events # Patients #Events # Patients
Placebo TS
Associated diaseses
Elderly men 11 1,13 0,58 2,22 0,71
Men with CVD 3 1,28 0,44 3,71 0,65
Frail men 5 2,62 1,38 4,96 0,00
Men with metabolic diseases 5 0,33 0,14 0,82 0,02
Hypogonadism status
Mixed population 18 1,26 0,84 1,90 0,27
TT < 12 nM 13 0,80 0,30 2,15 0,66
Type of support
Drug company not supported 14 1,33 0,82 2,15 0,25
Drug company supported 17 1,02 0,51 2,04 0,96
Trial duration
≤ 12 weeks 2 0,18 0,02 1,81 0,15
>12 weeks 29 1,14 0,73 1,77 0,56
52 890 31 487
9 94 7 98
56 395 22 349
6 336 16 237
67 1072 49 879
61 849 34 495
52 575 32 474
76 1343 51 900
0 53 2 27
128 1868 81 1347
Corona et al., Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2014 2014 Oct;13(10):1327‐51
Any CV event
Trialduration
Industrialsupport
0,00
0,01
0,10
1,00
10,00
100,000.01 0.1 1 10 100
Odds ratio for overall CVDSource # Trials MH-OR LL UL p
TS Placebo #Events # Patients #Events # Patients
Placebo TS
Associated diaseses
Elderly men 11 1,13 0,58 2,22 0,71
Men with CVD 3 1,28 0,44 3,71 0,65
Frail men 5 2,62 1,38 4,96 0,00
Men with metabolic diseases 5 0,33 0,14 0,82 0,02
Hypogonadism status
Mixed population 18 1,26 0,84 1,90 0,27
TT < 12 nM 13 0,80 0,30 2,15 0,66
Type of support
Drug company not supported 14 1,33 0,82 2,15 0,25
Drug company supported 17 1,02 0,51 2,04 0,96
Trial duration
≤ 12 weeks 2 0,18 0,02 1,81 0,15
>12 weeks 29 1,14 0,73 1,77 0,56
52 890 31 487
9 94 7 98
56 395 22 349
6 336 16 237
67 1072 49 879
61 849 34 495
52 575 32 474
76 1343 51 900
0 53 2 27
128 1868 81 1347
Corona et al., Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2014 2014 Oct;13(10):1327‐51
Any CV event
Trialduration
Industrialsupport
Hypogonadalstatus
0,00
0,01
0,10
1,00
10,00
100,000.01 0.1 1 10 100
Odds ratio for overall CVDSource # Trials MH-OR LL UL p
TS Placebo #Events # Patients #Events # Patients
Placebo TS
Associated diaseses
Elderly men 11 1,13 0,58 2,22 0,71
Men with CVD 3 1,28 0,44 3,71 0,65
Frail men 5 2,62 1,38 4,96 0,00
Men with metabolic diseases 5 0,33 0,14 0,82 0,02
Hypogonadism status
Mixed population 18 1,26 0,84 1,90 0,27
TT < 12 nM 13 0,80 0,30 2,15 0,66
Type of support
Drug company not supported 14 1,33 0,82 2,15 0,25
Drug company supported 17 1,02 0,51 2,04 0,96
Trial duration
≤ 12 weeks 2 0,18 0,02 1,81 0,15
>12 weeks 29 1,14 0,73 1,77 0,56
52 890 31 487
9 94 7 98
56 395 22 349
6 336 16 237
67 1072 49 879
61 849 34 495
52 575 32 474
76 1343 51 900
0 53 2 27
128 1868 81 1347
Corona et al., Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2014 2014 Oct;13(10):1327‐51
Any CV event
Trialduration
Industrialsupport
Hypogonadalstatus
Associatedconditions
0,00
0,01
0,10
1,00
10,00
100,000.01 0.1 1 10 100
Odds ratio for overall CVDSource # Trials MH-OR LL UL p
TS Placebo #Events # Patients #Events # Patients
Placebo TS
Associated diaseses
Elderly men 11 1,13 0,58 2,22 0,71
Men with CVD 3 1,28 0,44 3,71 0,65
Frail men 5 2,62 1,38 4,96 0,00
Men with metabolic diseases 5 0,33 0,14 0,82 0,02
Hypogonadism status
Mixed population 18 1,26 0,84 1,90 0,27
TT < 12 nM 13 0,80 0,30 2,15 0,66
Type of support
Drug company not supported 14 1,33 0,82 2,15 0,25
Drug company supported 17 1,02 0,51 2,04 0,96
Trial duration
≤ 12 weeks 2 0,18 0,02 1,81 0,15
>12 weeks 29 1,14 0,73 1,77 0,56
52 890 31 487
9 94 7 98
56 395 22 349
6 336 16 237
67 1072 49 879
61 849 34 495
52 575 32 474
76 1343 51 900
0 53 2 27
128 1868 81 1347
Corona et al., Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2014 2014 Oct;13(10):1327‐51
Any CV event
Trialduration
Industrialsupport
Hypogonadalstatus
Associatedconditions
Men with Metabolic disordes
Corona et al., Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2014 2014 Oct;13(10):1327‐51
Any CV event in metabolic disorders
0,00
0,01
0,10
1,00
10,00
100,000.01 0.1 1 10 100
Odds ratio for overall CVDSource # Trials MH-OR LL UL p
TS Placebo #Events # Patients #Events # Patients
Placebo TS
Associated diaseses
Elderly men 11 1,13 0,58 2,22 0,71
Men with CVD 3 1,28 0,44 3,71 0,65
Frail men 5 2,62 1,38 4,96 0,00
Men with metabolic diseases 5 0,33 0,14 0,82 0,02
Hypogonadism status
Mixed population 18 1,26 0,84 1,90 0,27
TT < 12 nM 13 0,80 0,30 2,15 0,66
Type of support
Drug company not supported 14 1,33 0,82 2,15 0,25
Drug company supported 17 1,02 0,51 2,04 0,96
Trial duration
≤ 12 weeks 2 0,18 0,02 1,81 0,15
>12 weeks 29 1,14 0,73 1,77 0,56
52 890 31 487
9 94 7 98
56 395 22 349
6 336 16 237
67 1072 49 879
61 849 34 495
52 575 32 474
76 1343 51 900
0 53 2 27
128 1868 81 1347
Corona et al., Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2014 2014 Oct;13(10):1327‐51
Any CV event in men with frailty
Men with frailty
0,00
0,01
0,10
1,00
10,00
100,000,00
0,01
0,10
1,00
10,00
100,00
1000,00
Copenaghen study group 1986 2,22 0,78 6,31 0,13
Brockenbrough 2006 1,20 0,34 4,18 0,77
Chapman 2009 1,00 0,05 20,83 1,00
Basaria 2010 6,05 2,22 16,51 0,00
Srinivas‐Shankar 2010 2,60 0,49 13,61 0,26
Overall 2,62 1,38 4,95 0,00
16 134 5 87
9 19 9 21
1 6 1 6
25 106 5 103
5 136 2 138
26 159 15 114
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 SourceTS Placebo
#Events # Patients #Events # Patients Odds ratio for CVD in frail men
MH-OR LL UL p
Placebo TS
Corona et al., Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2014 2014 Oct;13(10):1327‐51
Any CV event in men with frailty
Does Testosterone Therapy increase CV Risks ?
• TRT might improve CV function in CHD & HF
• TRT is not associated with MACE or any cardiac event
• TRT might decrease MACE and any cardiac event inMetS or T2DM
• TRT might increase any cardiac event (but not MACE)in frail men
Take homemessages
FDA adding general warning to testosterone products about potential for venous blood clots[06/19/2014] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is requiring manufacturers to include a general warning in the drug labeling of all approved testosterone products about the risk of blood clots in the veins. Blood clots in the veins, also known as venous thromboembolism (VTE), include deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). The risk of venous blood clots is already included in the labeling of testosterone products as a possible consequence of polycythemia, an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells that sometimes occurs with testosterone treatment. Because there have been postmarket reports of venous blood clots unrelated to polycythemia, FDA is requiring a change to drug labeling of all testosterone products to provide a more general warning regarding venous blood clots and to ensure this risk is described consistently in the labeling of all approved testosterone products.
Because these clots occur in the veins, this new warning is not related to FDA’s ongoing evaluation of the possible risk of stroke, heart attack, and death in patients taking testosterone products. We are currently evaluating the potential risk of these cardiovascular events, which are related to blood clots in the arteries and are described in the Drug Safety Communication posted on January 31, 20141.
Testosterone products are FDA‐approved for use in men who lack or have low testosterone levels in conjunction with an associated medical condition. Examples of these conditions include failure of the testicles to produce testosterone for reasons such as genetic problems or chemotherapy.
FDA asks health care professionals and consumers to report any adverse reactions to the FDA’s MedWatch Safety Information and Adverse Event Reporting program:Complete and submit the report online at https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/medwatch/2Download and complete the form, then submit it via fax to 1‐800‐FDA‐0178
Study name Statistics for each study Events / Total MH odds ratio and 95% CI
MH odds Lower Upper ratio limit limit p-Value TS Placebo
Copenaghen study group 1986 4,66 0,24 91,29 0,31 3 / 134 0 / 87
Brockenbrough 2006 0,29 0,05 1,68 0,17 2 / 19 6 / 21
NCT00957528 0,88 0,05 16,74 0,93 1 / 9 1 / 8
0,74 0,15 3,63 0,71 6 / 162 7 / 116
0,01 0,1 1 10 100
Favours A Favours B
Meta Analysis
Meta Analysis
Odds ratio for deep venous thrombosis
TS Placebo
Corona et al., unpublished