‘is the shark’s reputation as a killer truly justified?’

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Argumentative Argumentative Writing Writing Is the shark’s Is the shark’s reputation as a killer reputation as a killer truly justified?’ truly justified?’

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Argumentative Writing. ‘Is the shark’s reputation as a killer truly justified?’. Write a magazine article on the following: ‘Is the shark’s reputation as a killer truly justified?’. (You may use headings, sub headings and illustrations after your article is written.) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Argumentative Argumentative WritingWriting

‘‘Is the shark’s Is the shark’s reputation as a killer reputation as a killer

truly justified?’truly justified?’

Write a magazine article on the following:Write a magazine article on the following:

‘Is the shark’s reputation as a ‘Is the shark’s reputation as a killer truly justified?’killer truly justified?’

(You may use headings, sub headings and (You may use headings, sub headings and illustrations after your article is written.)illustrations after your article is written.)

Use the following to help you:Use the following to help you:

The shark fileThe shark fileThe writing frameThe writing frameThe word-bank on linking wordsThe word-bank on linking wordsThe notes you made in your groupsThe notes you made in your groups

Getting Started on Getting Started on WritingWriting

Stage 1 - Make notes Stage 1 - Make notes using resourcesusing resources

Stage 2 - Develop ideas Stage 2 - Develop ideas from notes onto the writing from notes onto the writing frameframe

Stage 3 – Write out first Stage 3 – Write out first draftdraft

‘‘Honeymoon Surfer is Eaten by Honeymoon Surfer is Eaten by a Shark’a Shark’Melbourne September 25, 2000Melbourne September 25, 2000

Bride Tina Bayes watched in horror as husband Cameron was killed by a 12 foot sharkAttack occurred off remote Cactus Beach – an area notorious for great whitesGreat whites are common off Cactus Beach – they feed off several seal colonies about 2 miles from shoreThey follow schools of salmon closer to the beachCameron Hayes was the first surfer to die at the beach although a local boy bled to death in 1975 after a shark bit off his leg.Cactus Beach is a wonderful surfing area but one of the most dangerous stretches of water in the world

‘‘All Kinds of Shark’All Kinds of Shark’

There are more than 350 different kinds of sharkThere are more than 350 different kinds of sharkNew species of shark are still being identifiedNew species of shark are still being identifiedSharks have skeletons of cartilage instead of bone – Sharks have skeletons of cartilage instead of bone – sometimes referred to as cartilaginous fishsometimes referred to as cartilaginous fishSharks seem to have an extra sense which allows them to Sharks seem to have an extra sense which allows them to detect movement in their surroundings – helps them locate detect movement in their surroundings – helps them locate their preytheir preyOf the 350 sharks very few are known to be or even thought Of the 350 sharks very few are known to be or even thought to be man-eatersto be man-eatersHalf of all sharks only grow to a maximum of 1 metre in Half of all sharks only grow to a maximum of 1 metre in lengthlengthOnly one eighth of sharks grow longer than 2 metresOnly one eighth of sharks grow longer than 2 metresThe sharks which have been known to attack humans most The sharks which have been known to attack humans most commonly belong to the group known as carcharhinidae – commonly belong to the group known as carcharhinidae – also known as requiem sharksalso known as requiem sharksThe blue shark, white tip reef shark, gray reef shark & tiger The blue shark, white tip reef shark, gray reef shark & tiger shark all belong to this groupshark all belong to this groupThe largest & most ferocious of all sharks – great white – The largest & most ferocious of all sharks – great white – belongs to a group called the mackerel sharksbelongs to a group called the mackerel sharks

‘‘Some Well Known Some Well Known Sharks’Sharks’

Lemon SharkLemon Shark - warm water of Atlantic Ocean - warm water of Atlantic Ocean - grows to more than 3 metres- grows to more than 3 metres - dangerous if provoked- dangerous if provoked

Hammerhead SharkHammerhead Shark - curious looking- curious looking - eyes & nostrils set on lobes at each end of its - eyes & nostrils set on lobes at each end of its

headhead - live in warm temperate waters- live in warm temperate waters - usually live in schools & swim altogether- usually live in schools & swim altogether

Blacktip ReefBlacktip Reef - black tips on fins - black tips on fins - under 5 feet in length - under 5 feet in length - not dangerous - not dangerous - found in Red Sea, Indian & Pacific Ocean- found in Red Sea, Indian & Pacific Ocean

Nurse SharkNurse Shark - lives at the bottom of the sea - lives at the bottom of the sea - can measure up to 4 metres- can measure up to 4 metres

Gray Reef SharkGray Reef Shark - lives in Red Sea, Indian & Pacific Oceans - lives in Red Sea, Indian & Pacific Oceans - dangerous – especially those found in the Pacific- dangerous – especially those found in the Pacific

Sand Tiger SharkSand Tiger Shark - found in shallow waters of Atlantic & Mediterranean- found in shallow waters of Atlantic & Mediterranean- grows to about 3 metres- grows to about 3 metres- not dangerous- not dangerous

Leopard SharkLeopard Shark - grows up to 2 metres- grows up to 2 metres- named after is leopard like markings which help it blend in - named after is leopard like markings which help it blend in

with its with its surroundingssurroundings

‘‘Shark Senses’Shark Senses’Smell & TasteSmell & Taste - sharp sense of smell- sharp sense of smell

- smell is very important in engaging a shark’s instinct to - smell is very important in engaging a shark’s instinct to attackattack

- taste is also well developed but only used to decide - taste is also well developed but only used to decide whether to whether to eat or abandon something already bitteneat or abandon something already bitten

HearingHearing - very sensitive to low pitched vibrations such a struggling fish or - very sensitive to low pitched vibrations such a struggling fish or humanhuman

Touch & Super TouchTouch & Super Touch - well developed sense of touch- well developed sense of touch- also has well developed sense in between touch & hearing- also has well developed sense in between touch & hearing- Can pick up minute pressure changes in the water & the - Can pick up minute pressure changes in the water & the

size & size & direction of another fish (or human)direction of another fish (or human)- Sophisticated feedback system prevents the shark’s own - Sophisticated feedback system prevents the shark’s own movements from interfering with the signal they receivemovements from interfering with the signal they receive- Therefore shark can detect prey even at a great distance- Therefore shark can detect prey even at a great distance

Vision Vision - sharks do not see very well- sharks do not see very well- Most sharks do not have moveable eyelids- Most sharks do not have moveable eyelids- Great white does have membrane which protects its eyes - Great white does have membrane which protects its eyes

during during attacksattacks

The Seventh SenseThe Seventh Sense - Electromagnetic sense- Electromagnetic sense- so sensitive that sharks do not need to see at all- so sensitive that sharks do not need to see at all

- able to detect minor voltage changes in surroundings- able to detect minor voltage changes in surroundings- sharks use this sense like a compass – helps them to - sharks use this sense like a compass – helps them to

navigate the navigate the oceanocean- helps them locate creatures even if they are buried on the - helps them locate creatures even if they are buried on the

sea bedsea bed- great use to a shark for hunting- great use to a shark for hunting

‘‘The Great White Shark or White The Great White Shark or White Death’Death’

Considered to be the most powerful predator of allConsidered to be the most powerful predator of allGrows to over 20 feet longGrows to over 20 feet longWeighs more than 2 tonsWeighs more than 2 tonsCapable of eating seals wholeCapable of eating seals wholeBecame famous in the Steven Spielberg film ‘Jaws’ where it was Became famous in the Steven Spielberg film ‘Jaws’ where it was portrayed as a blood thirsty creature intent on killing peopleportrayed as a blood thirsty creature intent on killing peopleHowever this was not a true representationHowever this was not a true representationAttacks on humans are rare & usually only happen when a shark Attacks on humans are rare & usually only happen when a shark mistakes a human for its usual preymistakes a human for its usual preyLittle is actually known about great whites because they are Little is actually known about great whites because they are rarely seenrarely seenScientists do not know where they mate or give birth & they do Scientists do not know where they mate or give birth & they do not know their age when they reproduce & when they dienot know their age when they reproduce & when they dieIt is thought that they may be on the declineIt is thought that they may be on the declinePrefer costal waters – increases likelihood of encounters with Prefer costal waters – increases likelihood of encounters with manmanPrefers water about 30 metres deepPrefers water about 30 metres deepFloating objects of all kinds seem to attract their attentionFloating objects of all kinds seem to attract their attentionOn the rare occasion where a great white has attacked a human it On the rare occasion where a great white has attacked a human it rarely ever eats the entire bodyrarely ever eats the entire bodyMost likely to attack a human if it feels threatenedMost likely to attack a human if it feels threatened

‘‘Shark Attacks’Shark Attacks’

Most sharks are Most sharks are NOTNOT dangerous & dangerous & DO NOTDO NOT attack humans attack humansSharks only attack about 50 to 75 people in the world each Sharks only attack about 50 to 75 people in the world each yearyearOnly 5 to 10 of reported shark attacks on humans result in Only 5 to 10 of reported shark attacks on humans result in deathdeathYou have a greater chance of being involved in a road You have a greater chance of being involved in a road accident than in a shark attackaccident than in a shark attackThe film ‘Jaws’ has resulted in the great white shark gaining The film ‘Jaws’ has resulted in the great white shark gaining an unfair & untrue reputation as a cold blooded killeran unfair & untrue reputation as a cold blooded killerGreat whites do not deliberately attack humans – if they do Great whites do not deliberately attack humans – if they do attack it is either because they have felt threatened or attack it is either because they have felt threatened or because they have mistaken a human for their usual preybecause they have mistaken a human for their usual preyPeople e.g. surfers put themselves at risk of shark attack by People e.g. surfers put themselves at risk of shark attack by surfing near seal and sea lion breeding grounds where great surfing near seal and sea lion breeding grounds where great whites like to huntwhites like to huntThe majority of sharks are harmless to manThe majority of sharks are harmless to manOf the sharks which are dangerous to man the main reason Of the sharks which are dangerous to man the main reason for the danger is man’s invasion of the shark’s natural for the danger is man’s invasion of the shark’s natural habitathabitat

‘‘‘‘Jaws’ the Film & Sharks’Jaws’ the Film & Sharks’

The 1974 novel ‘Jaws’ followed by the Steven Spielberg novel The 1974 novel ‘Jaws’ followed by the Steven Spielberg novel ‘Jaws’ alerted people to the fact that sharks could be ‘Jaws’ alerted people to the fact that sharks could be dangerousdangerousHowever it misrepresented the shark & portrayed the great However it misrepresented the shark & portrayed the great white in a particularly bad lightwhite in a particularly bad lightIn the film, Jaws hunts bathers & the fishermen who attempt to In the film, Jaws hunts bathers & the fishermen who attempt to catch him – this would not happen in real lifecatch him – this would not happen in real lifeIn the film a team of locals eventually get together to try to kill In the film a team of locals eventually get together to try to kill the shark but they become the hunted and their leader is eaten the shark but they become the hunted and their leader is eaten alive – again this is extremely unlikely to happen in real lifealive – again this is extremely unlikely to happen in real lifeThe behaviour of the shark in the film ‘Jaws’ is not realisticThe behaviour of the shark in the film ‘Jaws’ is not realisticExperts say it would be very unlikely for a shark to behave in Experts say it would be very unlikely for a shark to behave in this waythis wayThe stalking of a human by a shark as depicted in ‘Jaws’ has The stalking of a human by a shark as depicted in ‘Jaws’ has never been documented in real lifenever been documented in real lifeThe reputation of the great white shark has ultimately been The reputation of the great white shark has ultimately been negatively effected by the film ‘Jaws’negatively effected by the film ‘Jaws’

‘‘Save the Shark’Save the Shark’

Tigers & Elephants are more popular with the general public Tigers & Elephants are more popular with the general public than sharks even though elephants & tigers are more than sharks even though elephants & tigers are more dangerousdangerousPeople should be worried about sharks because their People should be worried about sharks because their numbers are rapidly dwindling/decreasing due to overfishingnumbers are rapidly dwindling/decreasing due to overfishingPeople kill shark for their; meat, fins, skin, liver oil & also People kill shark for their; meat, fins, skin, liver oil & also just for the sheer fun or sport of itjust for the sheer fun or sport of itSharks have a much slower rate of reproduction than bony Sharks have a much slower rate of reproduction than bony fish therefore if too many of them are killed their numbers fish therefore if too many of them are killed their numbers may never recovermay never recoverEfforts are now being made to protect the sharks through Efforts are now being made to protect the sharks through the creation of reserves, restricting the numbers permitted the creation of reserves, restricting the numbers permitted to be caught & banning fishing which may prove harmful to to be caught & banning fishing which may prove harmful to themthemIn order to like & understand sharks people must learn more In order to like & understand sharks people must learn more about themabout themPeople must ignore the myths, the misrepresentation of People must ignore the myths, the misrepresentation of sharks in novels and films and instead concentrate on the sharks in novels and films and instead concentrate on the factsfacts

The Writing FrameThe Writing FrameOpening ParagraphOpening Paragraph

Give a strong statement of personal opinionGive a strong statement of personal opinionRefer to the influence and effect of the film ‘Jaws’Refer to the influence and effect of the film ‘Jaws’Explain the stereotypical view of the sharkExplain the stereotypical view of the shark(Look at the notes you took from the articles ‘Jaws’, ‘The Great White Shark or (Look at the notes you took from the articles ‘Jaws’, ‘The Great White Shark or

White Death’)White Death’)

e.g.e.g.

I wholeheartedly believe that sharks are not the dangerous I wholeheartedly believe that sharks are not the dangerous and evil creatures that films such as ‘Jaws’ portray them to and evil creatures that films such as ‘Jaws’ portray them to be. Therefore I do not think that their reputation as a killer be. Therefore I do not think that their reputation as a killer is truly justified.is truly justified.I am of the firm opinion that sharks are not the vengeful I am of the firm opinion that sharks are not the vengeful and cold blooded creatures that some books and films and cold blooded creatures that some books and films would have us believe them to be. As a result of this I do would have us believe them to be. As a result of this I do not believe that their reputation as a killer is truly justified.not believe that their reputation as a killer is truly justified.Portrayed as vengeful and cold blooded killers, sharks are Portrayed as vengeful and cold blooded killers, sharks are negatively misrepresented. Contrary to popular negatively misrepresented. Contrary to popular misconception sharks are actually mostly harmless to misconception sharks are actually mostly harmless to humans and do not deserve their reputation as a killer.humans and do not deserve their reputation as a killer.

Paragraph TwoParagraph TwoGive a topic sentence followed by a linking word/phrase to introduce statistics about deaths caused by sharks which support your viewpoint.

Compare with road accidents, drowning accidents etc.

e.g.

Films such as Steven Spielberg’s ‘Jaws’ portrays the great white shark as a ruthless killer intent on a blood thirsty hunt for revenge. As a result of this not only the great white, but indeed many other sharks too, are now feared as vicious would be killers of any poor, unfortunate, unsuspecting and innocent human victim. However this fear can be proven to be unfounded as statistics show that…

Look at notes from the articles

‘Shark Attacks’ and ‘’Jaws’ the Film & Sharks’.

Paragraph ThreeParagraph Three

Topic sentence followed by a linking word/phraseGive information on the different species of sharks and how many of

them are predatorsWhere do these sharks live?What type of water do they prefer/what temperature etc.

Look at the notes you took from Look at the notes you took from the articlethe article

‘‘All Kinds of Sharks’All Kinds of Sharks’

Paragraph FourParagraph Four

Topic sentence followed by a linking word/phraseDescribe the shark’s senses and how its acute and in some

cases unique senses contribute to its reputation

Look at the notes you took Look at the notes you took from the articlefrom the article

‘‘Shark Senses’Shark Senses’

Paragraph FiveParagraph Five

Topic sentence followed by a linking word/phraseLook at the sharks which are predators and explain how/why they sometimes

happen to attack humans

Look at the notes you took from the articles;Look at the notes you took from the articles;

‘‘All Kinds of SharksAll Kinds of Sharks‘‘Honeymoon Surfer is Eaten by a Shark’Honeymoon Surfer is Eaten by a Shark’‘‘The Great White Shark or White Death’The Great White Shark or White Death’‘‘Shark Attacks’Shark Attacks’‘‘‘‘Jaws’ the Film & Sharks’Jaws’ the Film & Sharks’

Paragraph SixParagraph Six

Topic sentence followed by a linking word/phraseLook at the counter argument – sharks sometimes

are/occasionally are dangerous to humansExamine the counter argument that some sharks are in danger

of extinction and need to be protected from humans.

Look at the notes you took from the Look at the notes you took from the articles;articles;

‘‘Honeymoon Surfer is Eaten by a Honeymoon Surfer is Eaten by a Shark’Shark’‘‘Shark Attacks’Shark Attacks’‘‘Save the Shark’Save the Shark’

ConclusionConclusion

Linking word/phrase

Return to your opinion on the matter and sum up your arguments

Do you agree/disagree with the shark’s reputation as a killer?

Word bankWord bankLinking WordsLinking Words

andand firstfirst secondsecondthirdthird nextnext in addition in addition likewise likewise also also moreovermoreoverfurthermore furthermore similarly similarly despitedespitethereforetherefore consequentlyconsequently as a result as a result in briefin brief at the same timeat the same time yetyetaccordingly accordingly without question without question without without

doubtdoubtsignificantly significantly unquestionably unquestionably absolutely absolutely on the other hand on the other hand nevertheless nevertheless howeverhoweveron the contrary on the contrary otherwise otherwise ultimately ultimatelyin spite of in spite of although although significantly significantlyclearly clearly critically critically evidently evidentlyfinally finally hence hence

interestingly interestingly justifiably justifiably notably notably on on

reflection reflection regardless ofregardless of

Good Vocabulary for Our Good Vocabulary for Our ArticlesArticles• Unfounded – (adjective) with no foundation or facts/not Unfounded – (adjective) with no foundation or facts/not

based on real evidencebased on real evidencee.g. ‘Claims that great white sharks kill any swimmers e.g. ‘Claims that great white sharks kill any swimmers

they encounter are totally they encounter are totally unfoundedunfounded.’.’• Therefore – (adverb) for that reasonTherefore – (adverb) for that reason

e.g. ‘e.g. ‘ThereforeTherefore I feel that the portrayal of the great I feel that the portrayal of the great white shark as a cold blooded killer is unfair.’white shark as a cold blooded killer is unfair.’

• Portray – (verb) to make a picture/to describe in wordsPortray – (verb) to make a picture/to describe in wordse.g. Films like ‘Jaws’ e.g. Films like ‘Jaws’ portrayportray the great white shark as the great white shark as

a cold blooded killer however I believe this to be unfair.’a cold blooded killer however I believe this to be unfair.’• Misrepresent – (verb) to represent in a false or misleading Misrepresent – (verb) to represent in a false or misleading

waywaye.g. The great white shark has been e.g. The great white shark has been misrepresentedmisrepresented

in films such as ‘Jaws’ leading many of us to believe that all in films such as ‘Jaws’ leading many of us to believe that all sharks kill humans when this is actually not true.sharks kill humans when this is actually not true.

• Misconception – (noun) – a wrong impressionMisconception – (noun) – a wrong impressione.g. Contrary to popular e.g. Contrary to popular misconceptionmisconception great white great white

sharks do not usually seek out humans for their prey.sharks do not usually seek out humans for their prey.

Can you add any more words to this list?Can you add any more words to this list?