is t2 lite becoming the new frontier for digital radio? t2 lite vs dab+

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Agenda

......... Open Channel | Independent Danish DTT Gatekeeper 3

........................................................................... Introduction 5

........................................................... DAB+ | Digital Radio 13

.................................................................. T2 Lite vs DAB+ 21

................................................ Case Copenhagen | T2 Lite 28

........................................ Case Thailand | DAB+ vs T2 Lite 32

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Danish World Premiere of T2 Lite • As one of the first in Europe, Open Channel went On Air

with DVB-T2 in 2010.

• Open Channel again leads the way, airing the next generation of digital television and radio standard for mobile device, based on the new profile T2-Lite at *UHF 39 and *VHF 9D in 2012.

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Introduction | DAB/DAB+ Radio Worldwide • After 20 years only ~20 countries broadcast digital radio with DAB/DAB+ [July 8th 2015]

Source: WorldDAB

• Belgium • Czech Republic • Denmark • France • Germany • Gibraltar • Ireland • Italy • Malta • Netherlands • Norway • Poland • Spain • Sweden June 23rd 2015

• Switzerland • United Kingdom • Australia • New Zeeland • South Korea • China + Hong Kong

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Introduction | DTT Radio Worldwide 1/2

37 countries thereof 16-19 countries with DVB-T2 | T2 Lite standard [Dec 29 2015]

Asia

• IndiaT2 Lite

4 -> 8 radios • Vietnam

DVB-T-> DVB-T2 2 radios

Africa • Kenya

DVB-T2 7 radios KBC

• Madagascar DVB-T2

6 radios • Namibia

DVB-T2 10 radios NBC

• South Africa DVB-T2

19 radios • Swaziland

DVB-T2 1-2 radios

• Togo DVB-T2

x radios Middle East

• Emirates DVB-T2

2 radios • Israel

DVB-T 16 radios

South America • Colombia

DVB-T2 5 radios

Oceania • Australia

DVB-T 5 - 9 radios

• New Zeeland DVB-T

3 radios Caribbean Islands

• Trinidad&Tobago DVB-T->T2

16 radios • Grenada

DVB-T2 on the road

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Introduction | DTT Radio Worldwide 2/2

37 countries thereof 21 countries in Europe [Jan 30 2016]

• (Albania DVB-T2

6 radios) • Armenia

DVB-T2 4 radios

• Austria DVB-T2

1 radio • Belgium

DVB-T 6 radios

• CopenhagenT2 Lite

~10+radios

• Crimea DVB-T2

3 radios • Czech Republic

DVB-T 7 radios

• Finland DVB-T

3 radios • Greece

DVB-T 5 radios

• Greenland DVB-T

1 radio • Hungary

DVB-T 4 radios

• Ireland DVB-T

9 radios • Italy

DVB-T ~34 radios

• Kaliningrad & RussiaDVB-T2

3 radios • Montenegro

DVB-T2 2 radios

• Netherlands (DVB-T2 from ’17)

28 radios • Northern Cyprus

DVB-T 4 radios

• Northern Ireland DVB-T2

1 radio • Norway

DVB-T 5 radios

• Poland DVB-T

12 radios • Spain

DVB-T 24 radios

• United Kingdom DVB-T

24 radios

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Introduction | DTT radio in UK • 24 national radio

• +9 regional radio

• +1 T2-radio in Northern Ireland

• +40

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Introduction | UK BBC local radio stations launch on DTT

• A number of BBC local radio stations have officially started on Freeview (DVB-T) March 2015, occupying four channels between them.

• Ten of the 40 stations are now broadcasting from channel 719 to 722 inclusive, with BBC London and BBC Radio Cambridgeshire getting their own channels so far.

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Introduction | Sound quality MPEG-1 Audio Layer II • The national commercial DAB mux in the UK, they broadcaster almost only in

mono in order to make space for 14 radios instead of 6 radios à 192 kbit/s.

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Introduction | Sound quality DAB radio - mono vs stereo

• Interview “Bandwidth and kilobits per second made interesting. No really!” BBC Radio's Head of Technology Rupert Brun on DAB mono v stereo.

https://audioboom.com/boos/2779986-the-radio-today-programme-january-7th-2015

https://audioboom.com/boos/2779986-the-radio-today-programme-january-7th-2015

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Introduction | Sound quality HE-AACv2 With original encoded program material:

• Acceptable quality stereo sound at 24 – 32 kbps.

• Good "FM-like" sound at 64 kbps or higher (64 kbps sets the lower limit of audio quality on the speech by HE-AAC).

• Transparent high quality stereo sound at 128 kbps.

• The maximum bit rate of the encoded audio shall not exceed 192 kbps for a stereo pair.

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DAB | Digital Radio • Since 1995 Denmark has tried to establish digital radio in the DAB format. The

reason for the conversion to digital transmission is to achieve better audio quality, more stations and better resistance to multipath propagation, noise and co channel interference than in the analog FM radio technology. Opposite to FM and AM radio broadcasting with DAB technology you can broadcast more radio channels on the same frequency (a multiplex).

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DAB | Not a success • The introduction of DAB has not though been a success, because of some of the

DAB channels are using a bit rate below 192 kbps in MPEG 1 Audio Layer 2 (MP2), which gives a poorer sound and specially a poorer stereo sound than the one available by the FM receiver under normal receiving conditions.

• The second serious criticism against the DAB system is that it is too expensive

to operate a DAB frequency network. Essentially because you have to use to much electric power (kW) and therefore you need bigger and more expensive transmitters to broadcast and receive programs with DAB.

• DAB use a modulation form of radio waves that are easy to build receivers to,

but causes that every one bit error caused by radio noise becomes two bit errors in the receiver. At the same time DAB uses only a single layer of rather weak bit error correction. To compensate DAB is broadcasted by a notable higher power than necessary.

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DAB+ | Digital Radio

• Since DAB has not been a success, the radio organization WorldDAB has made a new standard DAB+, who use error correction in two layers. Besides the original error correction another error correction code called Reed-Solomon has been added. Unfortunately you lose 8,3 % of capacity when moving bits to this code, which means that DAB's all ready low use of bit rate is been further reduced. On the other hand more bit errors are corrected, so a weaker signal can be received and the coverage is getting better.

• At the same time with DAB+ they introduced the possibility of using the audio

compressing standard HE-AAC, which can be up to three times more effective. That way it is possible to transmit up to three times the number of radio channels in the same quality.

• There is a technical problem regarding DAB+. DAB+ is broadcasted as DAB until

the first layer of error correction and all the fundamental weaknesses in these parts of DAB is also present in DAB+.

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DAB+ | Transmission Modes

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DAB+ | Parameter

• D-QPSK | GI 1/4 (246 μs) | CR ½

Corresponding max. direct TX distance (SFN): 73.8 km

Urban (TU12) channel model

Netto Mbit/s

C/N Rayleigh (dB)

Audio kbit/s

Audio codec Number of radio

DAB+ Mode 1, PL 3A* 1,056 11,8 64 HE AACv2 ~ 16

DAB Mode 1, PL 3 1,152 13,5 ** 192 - 256 mpeg1 Layer II ~ 4-6 Results from simulations and laboratory measurements are given, together with values for the noise figure of DAB receivers. * Source: EBU BPN 101, May 2012, Report on Frequency and Network Planning Parameters related to DAB+. Pages 6 a Gaussian type channel was assumed for fixed reception, whereas for mobile and portable reception a Rayleigh channel (profile TU12 at 25 km/h and 178 MHz) was assumed ** Source: EBU Tech3317 July 2007 p13 & 33: Measurements of the required C/N for T-DAB have been made at the IRT (Institut für Rundfunktechnik) for both mobile and portable reception using a Typical Urban (TU12) channel model. The required C/N for mobile reception was measured to be 13.5 dB.

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DAB+ | Case Copenhagen

• VHF channel 9D (208,064 MHz | 1.7 MHz BW)

• Antenna site BOA:

- TDC radio tower in the center of Copenhagen

- Antenna Height: 100 meter

- Polarization: Vertical

- Transmit power: 520 W ERP; Dipol antenna

• DAB+ Mode 1, PL 3A

- C/N Rayleigh 11,8 dB

- Netto bitrate 1,056 Mbit/s

- Space ~ 16 radioer à 64 kbit/s HE AACv2

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T2 Lite | Same propagation model as DAB+ • FFT size = 8K ext | GI 1/16 (277.5 µs) | 16QAM

With T2 Lite you get 3 times more capacity ~ 44 radios à 64+10 kbit/s HE AACv2/PES header

Corresponding receiver's speed limits w/ PP4: 286 km/h Corresponding max. direct TX distance (SFN): 83.2 km

PP4 Netto bitrate (Mbit/s) C/N Gauss** (db) C/N Rayleigh** (dB)

LDCP 64K 16K 64K 16K 64K 16K

CR 1/3 1,690 NA 7,3

CR 2/5 2,044 NA 8,2

CR ½ 2,697 2,349 8,1 7,6 9,6 9,0

CR 3/5 3,241 3,201 9,7 10,0 11,4 11,7

CR 2/3 3,606 3,566 11,0 11,2 12,9 13,2

CR ¾ 4,057 3,931 12,1 12,4 14,5 14,9

CR 4/5 4,329 4,174 12,9 13,2 15,8 16,1

CR 5/6 4,513 4,417 13,5 13,8 16,7 17,2 Marked with pink = only T2 Lite profile | blue = T2-Base-Lite profile | ** EBU Tech 3348 v4.1

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T2 Lite | Same capacity as DAB+

• FFT size = 8K ext | GI 1/16 (277.5 µs) | QPSK

With T2 Lite you get 6 times better broadcasting strength (11,8 - 4,1 ~ 7,7 dB) with a significantly larger coverage. Corresponding receiver's speed limits w/ PP4 at 200 MHz: 286 km/h Corresponding max. direct TX distance (SFN): 83.2 km (DAB: 73.8 km)


LDCP 64K 16K 64K 16K 64K 16K

CR 1/3 0,840

NA 2,2

CR 2/5 1,016

NA 3,1

CR ½ 1,336 1,167 3,1 2,8 4,1 4,1

CR 3/5 1,606 1,590 4,4 4,6 5,7 6,2

CR 2/3 1,787 1,772 5,2 5,5 7,0 7,4

CR ¾ 2,010 1,953 6,2 6,4 8,3 8,7

CR 4/5 2,145 2,074 6,8 7,0 9,2 9,5


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C) T2 Lite | Other options eg. • FFT size = 16K ext | GI 1/32 (277.5 µs) | 16QAM

With T2 Lite you get double capacity ~ 34 radios and 2 times better broadcasting strength (11,8 - 8,5 ~ 3,3dB) compare with DAB+ with an equivalent reduction of the transmission costs.

Corresponding receiver's speed limits w/ PP6 at 200 MHz: 147 km/h Corresponding max. direct TX distance (SFN): 83.2 km (DAB: 73.8 km)


LDCP 64K 16K 64K 16K 64K 16K

CR 1/3 1.824 NA 6,8

CR 2/5 2.207 NA 7,7

CR ½ 2,861 2,484 7,6 7,1 9,1 8,5

CR 3/5 3,438 3,384 9,2 9,5 10,9 11,2

CR 2/3 3,826 3,770 10,5 10,7 12,4 12,7

CR ¾ 4,304 4,156 11,6 11,9 14,0 14,4

CR 4/5 4,592 4,413 12,4 12,7 15,3 15,6


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T2 Lite vs DAB+ | Comparison

A) T2 Lite | Same propagation model as DAB+ • You can get 3 times more capacity

~ 44 radios or better sound quality B) T2 Lite | Same capacity as DAB+ ~ 16 radios • You can get 6 times better broadcasting strength

with a significantly larger coverage C) T2 Lite | Other options e.g. • Double capacity ~ 34 radios and 2 times better broadcasting strength

compare with DAB+ with an equivalent reduction of the transmission costs.

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ProTelevision Technologies, market leader in design and manufacture of best in

class DTT modulators, has announce a new DAB/DAB+/T-DMB modulator

dedicated to Digital Radio Networks and upgradable to T2 Lite Radio.

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DVB-T2 | B&O BeoVision Avant TV

• Support now 1,7 MHz BW in VHF band III

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Thailand | Public Hearing

Thailand’s National Broadcast and Telecom regulator (NBTC) once again has decided to open the door for their radio frequency plan, it is time to revisit reality: FM, DAB+ and/or T2 Lite. Public hearing from May 20

th to June 19

th

2015 regarding the subject. The problem, which Thailand is struggling with today, is the huge amount of radio stations available in the country with thousands of small local radio stations. There are no precise counts of community radio stations. However, in 2009 more than 6,000 local community stations registered with NTC to notify their intent to be on the air.

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Thailand | DAB+

Plan A Plan B

Standard DAB+ DAB+

C/N Rayleigh 11,8 dB 11,8 dB

Capacity kbit/s 1.056 1.056

# radio pr mux 16 16

Schedule postponed

Population coverage

10+1 city 95%

# national mux 3 4 # national radio 48 64 # local mux (39) None 4 # radio pr areas None 64 # local radio None 2.496

The digital radio roadmap comprises Plan A for the short term and Plan B for the long term. Plan A is scheduled to launch trial services by end 2014, but is postponed ∞.

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Thailand | DAB+ vs T2 Lite

Plan A Plan B DVB-T2

Standard DAB+ DAB+ T2 Lite

C/N Rayleigh 11,8 dB 11,8 dB 11,7 dB

Capacity kbit/s 1.056 1.056 3.201

# radio pr mux 16 16 48

Schedule postponed

Population coverage

10+1 city 95%

95%

# national mux 3 4 4

# national radio 48 64 192

# local mux (39) None 4 4

# radio pr areas None 64 192

# local radio None 2.496 7.488

Therefore, Thailand's DVB-T2 Set Top Box Standard Committee suggests 1.7 MHz BW in VHF band III mandatory for Thai DVB-T2 receiver.

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Thailand | DAB+ vs T2 Lite

• The 80's called, they want their DAB technology back

http://www.yozzo.com/news-and-information/media-broadcasting/the-80s-called,-they-want-their-dab-technology-back

• Is DAB the future or already part of the past for Thai Radio Broadcasting?

http://www.yozzo.com/news-and-information/media-broadcasting/is-dab-the-future-or-already-part-of-the-past-for-thai-radio-broadcasting





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Conclusion | DVB Worldwide

• DVB-T2 has been deployed in 68 countries and adopted in 28. More than 150 countries have today chosen DVB-T/-T2 standard.

• It would make a lot of sense for countries in especially Africa and Asia to broadcast digital radio, using the same transmission standard “DVB-T2” as TV, since digital radio would then become compatible with smartphone, TV and STB’s, so end-users can receive both radio and TV on the same devices.

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mailto:[email protected]

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About | Kenneth Wenzel CEO and Founder, U-Media ApS, Denmark, since 1997. Director of the U-Media subsidiary, Open Channel based in Copenhagen, since 2006 where he and his team started DTT trials, followed by the DVB-T2 standard in 2010 as one of the first in Europe. In 2012, as the first in the world - Kenneth Wenzel and team, launched tests airing the next generation of mobile TV on UHF and digital radio on a so-called T-DAB frequency, based on the new standard DVB-T2 Lite profile. Kenneth Wenzel holds a M. Sc. from The Technical University of Denmark (DTU). He is a member of The Danish Business Authority Spectrum Forum, as well as editor/manager of the DVB-T2 group at LinkedIn. He is an innovator and entrepreneur in the digital TV & radio space, working with new technologies, testing developing and at the forefront of DVB-T, DVB-T2, T2 Lite developments and other new media technical platforms.

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