is sex an addiction? by: kelly dawald minnesota state university moorhead
TRANSCRIPT
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Is Sex an Addiction?
By: Kelly DawaldMinnesota State University Moorhead
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Brief Overview
AddictionSex AddictionTwo Sides of DebateEvaluation of SidesConclusion
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What is Addiction?Definition of addiction according to the
DSM-III-R (Goodman, 1990)
– Powerlessness & UnmanageabilityWebster’s Definition of addiction (2006)
– Psychological or physiological dependence on anything; a compulsion.
Permanent Disorder of the Brain (Psychology Today, 2004)
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What is Sex Addiction?
Sexual activity that goes beyond normal practices to point of losing control (Ewald, 2003)
ConsequencesAddicted to neuro-chemical changes
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Sexual Addiction15 million people affected in U.S.
(Carnes)Characteristics of sex addiction (
www.sexaddictionhelp.com)– Sex is shameful– Sex is a secret (e.g. Pastors)– Sexual behavior is abusive
Stems from an unhealthy childhood (Ewald, 2003)
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Sexual Addiction (Cont’d)
Narcissistic Personality (Birchard, 2004)
– Carried into adulthood– Try to find ways to reduce pain, may turn
into an addictionWhy addicted to sex?
– Preoccupation with sex– Prevalence of sex in childhood
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Sexual Addiction (Cont’d)
Narcissistic Personality Disorder (DSM-IV-TR)
– Need for admiration– Fantasies– Interpersonally exploitative – Arrogant behaviors
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Addiction Cycle
Four Stage Cycle (Hall, 2006)
– Preoccupation Stage– Ritualization Stage– Engaging in Sexual Act– Despair– Repeat…
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Media and the Internet
Sex is everywhere (Longo-Disse, 2006)
Sex sells!Accessibility to sex on internet
– 4.2 million porn sites, 12% of all websites (Hall, 2006)
“Virtual Cheating” (Daneback et al., 2006)
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DSM-IV-TR Dependence
Criteria for dependence (Hagedorn & Juhnke, 2005)
– Certain drugs listed don’t have any physiological dependence
– 3 of 7 criteria has to be met– Tolerance and withdrawal not essential
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‘Sex Addiction’ Evaluation
Stems from childhood Means of coping with psychological pain Definition of addiction Narcissistic Personality traits Sex can be related to substances that are
actually diagnosed as dependence
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Labeling Perspective
Mental illnesses are culturally constructed because of ideas that deviate from the norm (Levine & Troiden, 1988)
Nominal Fallacy: give something a name to understand it– Circular Reasoning
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Explanation for Mental Disorders
Constructed by health professionals to create order in society (Levine & Troiden, 1988)
Placing stigmatizing labels to behaviors out of the norm
Feel better about the unknown when it has a name– Sense of understanding
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Addiction
Affected by certain primary factors (Peele, 2000)
– Cultural Social & Ethnic Factors
– Situational Traumatic, Developmental, & Ritualistic Factors
– Cognitive Beliefs & Social Learning
– Values Stable & Evolving Values
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‘Sex is not an Addiction’ Evaluation
Mental disorders are socially constructed
Created to enforce conformity in societyAddiction is based off of your values
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Conclusion
Still a heated debateSex as an addiction has more scientific
reasoningDiscussion of including sexual addiction
and compulsivity into DSM-V (Delmonico, 2005)
Additional research needed
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THE END
Thank YouQuestions?